Tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock water seepage tests, and discloses a tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device which comprises a box body, a water collecting tank is formed in the bottom of the box body, a filter plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the water collecting tank, a measuring cylinder is clamped to the bottom of the water collecting tank, and a cylinder taking opening is formed in the right side face of the box body. Liquid in an arc-shaped shell enters a liquid inlet shell, so that a push rod slides towards the outer side, the push rod can drive a sliding rod to slide towards the outer side, then a limiting inclined block is driven to slide towards the outer side, the limiting inclined block does not limit a partition plate any more, a compression spring can push a T-shaped rod to move upwards, and therefore the liquid is pushed to drive the partition plate to move upwards; water on the left side of the surrounding rock penetrates through the surrounding rock and is collected in the measuring cylinder, and the permeability characteristic of the surrounding rock after rapid unloading is obtained by observing the change of the water amount in the measuring cylinder, so that the problem of surrounding rock water seepage after tunnel unloading in different stress states is simulated is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surrounding rock seepage testing, and in particular to a tunnel excavation surrounding rock seepage testing device. Background Art

[0002] To shorten distances and avoid steep slopes, tunnels are constructed beneath mountains or hills. Construction of tunnels in mountainous terrain requires rock excavation within underground rock engineering, altering the surrounding rock mass and forming surrounding rock. With the rapid development of deep geotechnical engineering, underground caverns or tunnels have begun to deepen, exhibiting a trend toward greater depth, higher ground stress, and higher permeability. Tunnel excavation fully or partially releases the in-situ stresses in the excavation face, disrupting the original mechanical equilibrium and leading to a redistribution of rock stress, which in turn affects the deformation of the surrounding rock. Currently, numerous researchers have conducted a series of laboratory simulation experiments on tunnel excavation unloading, such as conventional triaxial and true triaxial tests. Most experimental specimens are cubic or cylindrical rock samples, and tunnel excavation unloading is simulated by methods such as unloading confining pressure, increasing axial pressure, or simultaneously unloading confining and axial pressure. Engineering practice has shown that these stress excavation unloading paths differ significantly from the stress changes in the surrounding rock during tunnel excavation. Tunnel excavation is characterized by rapid unloading, and support and lining are closely followed by excavation unloading. At the same time, current indoor simulated excavation unloading experiments only study the unloading path, but do not consider the problem of surrounding rock seepage after tunnel unloading under different stress states. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application proposes a tunnel excavation surrounding rock seepage test device, which has the advantage of simulating surrounding rock seepage after tunnel unloading under different stress states, and is used to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel excavation surrounding rock seepage test device, including a box body, a water collecting trough is provided at the bottom of the box body, a filter plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the water collecting trough, a measuring cylinder is clamped at the bottom of the water collecting trough, a cylinder taking-out port is provided on the right side of the box body, two rectangular columns are fixedly connected to the interior of the box body; two connecting columns, a liquid channel is provided inside the connecting columns, an arc shell is fixedly connected between the two connecting columns, a rectangular ring is fixedly installed inside the arc shell, a partition is provided above the rectangular ring, two T-shaped rods are slidably connected to the bottom of the arc shell, an extrusion plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the two T-shaped rods, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the extrusion plate, and a compression spring is provided between the arc shell and the T-shaped rod; a supply mechanism, the supply mechanism is provided at the bottom of the box body; two telescopic mechanisms, the two telescopic mechanisms are provided on the left and right sides of the arc shell.

[0005] Preferably, a sealing cover is movably installed on the left side of the upper surface of the box body, a water pressure sensor is provided below the sealing cover plate, an air pump is fixedly installed on the left side of the box body, and an air supply pipe is connected to the top of the air pump.

[0006] Preferably, the supply mechanism includes a liquid storage chamber, a liquid pump, and a sliding chamber. The rear part of the liquid pump is fixedly connected to a liquid suction tube. The front and rear parts of the sliding chamber are connected by connecting pipes. The middle part of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to a lower control valve. The interior of the sliding chamber is fixedly connected to a limiting block. The top of the sliding chamber is slidably connected to a multi-stage telescopic plate.

[0007] When the cam is opened, the valve body is opened, and the cam is opened and closed, and the cam is opened and closed, and the cam is opened and closed, and the cam is opened and closed, and the cam is opened and closed, and the cam is opened and closed.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting column is fixedly connected to the box body, the compression spring is fixedly connected to the arcuate shell and the T-shaped rod, the two fluid passages are communicated with the arcuate shell, and the T-shaped rod is slidably connected to the arcuate shell.

[0009] Preferably, the water pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the box body, and the air supply pipe is connected to the space below the sealing cover plate.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid storage chamber and the sliding chamber are both opened inside the box body, the liquid suction pipe extends into the liquid storage chamber, the liquid pump is fixedly connected to the box body, the left end of the front connecting pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid pump, the left end of the rear connecting pipe is connected to the liquid storage chamber, and the right ends of the two connecting pipes are connected to the liquid channel on the same side. The above structure can, when working, supply the liquid inside the liquid storage chamber to the interior of the arc shell through the connecting pipe and the liquid channel through the operation of the liquid pump. Since the lower control valve on the rear side is in a closed state and the partition is limited by a plurality of limiting inclined blocks, as the liquid is continuously supplied to the interior of the arc shell, the two T-shaped rods will move downward and squeeze the compression spring. The downward movement of the T-shaped rod will drive the extrusion plate and the pressure sensor to move downward. The extrusion plate will squeeze the surrounding rock directly below, and the pressure sensor will record the size of the pressure applied by the extrusion plate. When the applied pressure is the target value, it simulates the stone of the target depth, thereby conducting water seepage tests on stones of different depths.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid inlet shell and the two cylinder sleeves are fixedly connected to the arcuate shell. When the upper control valve is in an open state, the liquid inlet shell is communicated with the arcuate shell, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the cylinder sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the inner sides of the two rectangular columns are provided with sliding grooves adapted to the multi-stage telescopic plates.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention opens multiple upper control valves, and the liquid inside the arc shell will enter the interior of the liquid inlet shell, thereby causing the push rod to slide outward, and the push rod will drive the slide rod to slide outward, thereby driving the limit bevel to slide outward and squeezing the reset spring, and then the limit bevel will no longer limit the partition, and the compression spring will push the T-shaped rod to move upward, thereby pushing the liquid to drive the partition to move upward, thereby completing rapid unloading, and observing the water on the left side of the surrounding rock passing through the surrounding rock and being collected inside the measuring cylinder. By observing the changes in the amount of water inside the measuring cylinder, the permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock after rapid unloading are obtained, thereby solving the problem of surrounding rock seepage after tunnel unloading under simulated different stress states.

[0014] 2. The present invention works by means of a liquid pump to supply the liquid inside the liquid storage chamber to the interior of the arc-shaped shell through the connecting pipe and the liquid channel. Since the lower control valve on the rear side is in a closed state and the partition is limited by a plurality of limiting inclined blocks, as the liquid is continuously supplied to the interior of the arc-shaped shell, the two T-shaped rods will move downward and squeeze the compression spring. The downward movement of the T-shaped rod will drive the extrusion plate and the pressure sensor to move downward. The extrusion plate will squeeze the surrounding rock directly below. At the same time, the pressure sensor will record the size of the pressure applied by the extrusion plate. When the applied pressure is the target value, the stone at the target depth is simulated, thereby conducting water seepage tests on stones of different depths.

[0015] 3. The present invention puts the multi-stage telescopic plate in an extended state, injects an appropriate amount of water into the left space of the multi-stage telescopic plate, and operates the air pump to supply gas to the space above the water. When the water pressure sensor detects that the water pressure is the target value, the water pressure at the target depth is simulated. Subsequently, the multi-stage telescopic plate contracts and its top will be flush with the lower surface of the rectangular column. At this time, the water will contact the surrounding rock on the right and begin to seep slowly. The water seepage test begins. During the process, the air pump will pump gas into the space above the liquid surface, so that the water pressure detected by the water pressure sensor is always the preset value, thereby conducting water seepage tests of the surrounding rock under different water pressures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments disclosed in the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles disclosed in the present application in a clear and understandable manner.

[0017] The present disclosure can be more clearly understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a half-section schematic diagram of the box body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a half-section schematic diagram of the multi-stage telescopic plate of the present invention; Figure 4 A half-section schematic diagram of a connecting column of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arc-shaped shell of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A in the middle is an enlarged schematic diagram; Figure 7 This is a schematic top view of the arc-shaped shell of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid storage chamber of the present invention.

[0018] 1. Box body; 2. Water collecting tank; 3. Filter plate; 4. Measuring cylinder; 5. Cylinder mouth; 6. Rectangular column; 7. Connecting column; 8. Arc shell; 9. Rectangular ring; 10. Partition plate; 11. T-shaped rod; 12. Extrusion plate; 13. Pressure sensor; 14. Supply mechanism; 141. Liquid storage chamber; 142. Liquid pump; 143. Sliding chamber; 144. Liquid suction pipe; 145. Connecting pipe; 146. Lower control valve; 147. Limit block; 148. Multi-stage telescopic plate; 15. Telescopic mechanism; 151. Liquid inlet shell; 152. Upper control valve; 153. Push rod; 154. Sliding rod; 155. Limiting inclined block; 156. Cylinder sleeve; 157. Return spring; 16. Sealing cover; 17. Water pressure sensor; 18. Air pump; 19. Air supply pipe; 20. Compression spring; 21. Liquid channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] See also Figure 1-8 The present application discloses a tunnel excavation surrounding rock seepage test device, comprising a box body 1, a water collecting trough 2 is provided at the bottom of the box body 1, a filter plate 3 is fixedly connected to the middle of the water collecting trough 2, a measuring cylinder 4 is clamped at the bottom of the water collecting trough 2, a cylinder taking port 5 is provided on the right side of the box body 1, two rectangular columns 6 are fixedly connected to the interior of the box body 1; two connecting columns 7, a liquid channel 21 is provided inside the connecting columns 7, an arc shell 8 is fixedly connected between the two connecting columns 7, a rectangular ring 9 is fixedly installed inside the arc shell 8, a partition 10 is provided above the rectangular ring 9, two T-shaped rods 11 are slidably connected to the bottom of the arc shell 8, an extrusion plate 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the two T-shaped rods 11, a pressure sensor 13 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the extrusion plate 12, and a compression spring 20 is provided between the arc shell 8 and the T-shaped rod 11; a supply mechanism 14, the supply mechanism 14 is provided at the bottom of the box body 1; two telescopic mechanisms 15, the two telescopic mechanisms 15 are provided on the left and right sides of the arc shell 8.

[0021] Among them, a sealing cover plate 16 is movably installed on the left side of the upper surface of the box body 1, and a water pressure sensor 17 is provided below the sealing cover plate 16. An air pump 18 is fixedly installed on the left side of the box body 1, and an air supply pipe 19 is connected above the air pump 18. Its function is that the present invention injects an appropriate amount of water into the left space of the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 through the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 in an extended state, and the air pump 18 works to supply gas to the upper space of the water. When the water pressure sensor 17 detects that the water pressure is the target value, thereby simulating the water pressure at the target depth, then the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 shrinks and its top will be flush with the lower surface of the rectangular column 6. At this time, water will contact the surrounding rock on the right and begin to slowly seep in. The seepage test begins. During the process, the air pump 18 will pump gas into the space above the liquid surface, so that the water pressure detected by the water pressure sensor 17 is always the preset value, thereby conducting a seepage test of the surrounding rock under different water pressures.

[0022] Among them, the supply mechanism 14 includes a liquid storage chamber 141, a liquid pump 142, and a sliding chamber 143. The rear part of the liquid pump 142 is fixedly connected to a liquid suction pipe 144. The front and rear parts of the sliding chamber 143 are connected with a connecting pipe 145. The middle part of the connecting pipe 145 is fixedly connected to a lower control valve 146. The interior of the sliding chamber 143 is fixedly connected to a limit block 147. The top of the sliding chamber 143 is slidably connected to a multi-stage telescopic plate 148. Its function is that the lower control valve 146 on the front side is in a state of connecting the liquid pump 142 with the liquid channel 21. When the liquid pump 142 works, the liquid inside the liquid storage chamber 141 is filled with liquid. The liquid is supplied to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8 through the connecting pipe 145 and the liquid channel 21. Since the lower control valve 146 on the rear side is in a closed state and the partition 10 is limited by multiple limiting bevels 155, as the liquid is continuously supplied to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8, the two T-shaped rods 11 will move downward and squeeze the compression spring 20. The downward movement of the T-shaped rod 11 will drive the extrusion plate 12 and the pressure sensor 13 to move downward; when the lower control valve 146 on the rear side is in a state where the liquid storage chamber 141 is connected to the liquid channel 21, the liquid inside the arc-shaped shell 8 will flow back into the interior of the liquid storage chamber 141.

[0023] Among them, the telescopic mechanism 15 includes a liquid inlet shell 151 and two cylinder sleeves 156. The inner side of the liquid inlet shell 151 is provided with an upper control valve 152. The outer side of the liquid inlet shell 151 is slidably connected with a push rod 153. The front and rear ends of the push rod 153 are fixedly connected with a slide rod 154. The inner end of the slide rod 154 is fixedly connected with a limited inclined block 155. A return spring 157 is provided between the cylinder sleeve 156 and the limited inclined block 155. Its function is to open the multiple upper control valves 152, and the liquid inside the arc shell 8 will enter the interior of the liquid inlet shell 151, so that the push rod 153 slides outward, and the push rod 153 will drive the slide bar 154 to slide outward, thereby driving the limiting bevel 155 to slide outward and compressing the return spring 157. Then the limiting bevel 155 will no longer limit the partition 10, and the compression spring 20 will push the T-shaped rod 11 to move upward, thereby pushing the liquid to drive the partition 10 to move upward, thereby completing the rapid unloading, and observing that the water on the left side of the surrounding rock passes through the surrounding rock and is collected inside the measuring cylinder 4. By observing the changes in the internal water volume of the measuring cylinder 4, the permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock after rapid unloading are obtained, thereby solving the problem of surrounding rock seepage after tunnel unloading under simulated different stress states.

[0024] Among them, the connecting column 7 is fixedly connected to the box body 1, the compression spring 20 is fixedly connected to the arc shell 8 and the T-shaped rod 11, the two liquid channels 21 are communicated with the arc shell 8, and the T-shaped rod 11 is slidingly connected to the arc shell 8.

[0025] The water pressure sensor 17 is fixedly connected to the box body 1 , and the air supply pipe 19 is communicated with the space below the sealing cover plate 16 .

[0026] Among them, the liquid storage chamber 141 and the sliding chamber 143 are both opened inside the box body 1, the liquid suction pipe 144 goes deep into the liquid storage chamber 141, the liquid pump 142 is fixedly connected to the box body 1, the left end of the front connecting pipe 145 is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid pump 142, the left end of the rear connecting pipe 145 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 141, and the right ends of the two connecting pipes 145 are connected to the liquid channel 21 on the same side. Its function is to supply the liquid inside the liquid storage chamber 141 to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8 through the connecting pipe 145 and the liquid channel 21 through the operation of the liquid pump 142. Due to the lower part of the rear side The control valve 146 is in a closed state, and the partition 10 is limited by multiple limiting bevel blocks 155. As the liquid is continuously supplied to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8, the two T-shaped rods 11 will move downward and squeeze the compression spring 20. The downward movement of the T-shaped rod 11 will drive the extrusion plate 12 and the pressure sensor 13 to move downward. The extrusion plate 12 will squeeze the surrounding rock directly below. At the same time, the pressure sensor 13 will record the pressure applied by the extrusion plate 12. When the applied pressure is the target value, the stone at the target depth is simulated, thereby conducting water seepage tests on stones of different depths.

[0027] The liquid inlet shell 151 and the two sleeves 156 are fixedly connected to the arcuate shell 8. When the upper control valve 152 is in the open state, the liquid inlet shell 151 is connected to the arcuate shell 8, and the sliding rod 154 is slidably connected to the sleeve 156.

[0028] Among them, the inner sides of the two rectangular columns 6 are provided with sliding grooves adapted to the multi-stage telescopic plate 148, whose function is that when the front lower control valve 146 is in a state where the liquid pump 142 is connected to the sliding chamber 143, and the rear lower control valve 146 is in a closed state, the liquid pump 142 works and the liquid will enter the sliding chamber 143. As the liquid enters the interior of the sliding chamber 143, the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 is in an extended state, and the top end of the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 is in contact with the sealing cover plate 16 and the sealing between them is good; when the front lower control valve 146 is in a closed state and the rear lower control valve 146 is in a state where the sliding chamber 143 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 141, the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 will squeeze the liquid inside the sliding chamber 143 due to its own gravity and return it to the interior of the liquid storage chamber 141.

[0029] Working principle: The surrounding rock that needs to be tested for water seepage is cut into appropriate sizes and placed on the right side of the rectangular column 6. Then the lower control valve 146 on the front side is in a state that connects the liquid pump 142 with the liquid channel 21. The liquid pump 142 works to supply the liquid inside the liquid storage chamber 141 to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8 through the connecting pipe 145 and the liquid channel 21. Since the lower control valve 146 on the rear side is in a closed state and the partition 10 is limited by a plurality of limiting inclined blocks 155, as the liquid is continuously supplied to the interior of the arc-shaped shell 8, the two T-shaped rods 11 will move downward and squeeze the compression spring 20. The downward movement of the T-shaped rod 11 will drive the extrusion plate 12 and the pressure sensor 13 to move downward, and the extrusion plate 12 will squeeze the surrounding rock directly below. At the same time, the pressure sensor 13 will record the size of the pressure applied by the squeezing plate 12. When the applied pressure is the target value, thereby simulating the stone at the target depth, the liquid pump 142 stops working, and the lower control valve 146 on the front side is in a closed state; open the sealing cover 16, at this time the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 is in an extended state, and an appropriate amount of water is injected into the left space of the multi-stage telescopic plate 148, and then close the sealing cover 16, and the air pump 18 works to supply gas to the upper space of the water. When the water pressure sensor 17 detects that the water pressure is the target value, thereby simulating the water pressure at different depths, the air pump 18 suspends the air supply, and then the lower control valve 146 on the rear side is in a state that connects the sliding cavity 143 with the liquid storage cavity 141. At this time, the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 is in an extended state. Because of its own weight, the plate 148 will squeeze the liquid inside the sliding cavity 143 downward to flow back into the liquid storage cavity 141. Under the action of the limit block 147, the top of the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 will be flush with the lower surface of the rectangular column 6. At this time, the water will contact the surrounding rock on the right and begin to seep slowly. The seepage test begins. During the process, the air pump 18 will pump gas into the space above the liquid surface, so that the water pressure detected by the water pressure sensor 17 is always the preset value; the water seeping from the surrounding rock will flow into the inside of the water collecting tank 2, and will be collected in the inside of the measuring cylinder 4 after being filtered by the filter plate 3. The permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock can be obtained according to the seepage time and seepage amount. When performing the seepage test of the surrounding rock during rapid unloading, the liquid on the left side of the multi-stage telescopic plate 148 When the height of the upper control valve 152 is lower than that of the surrounding rock, the multiple upper control valves 152 will open, and the liquid in the arc shell 8 will enter the interior of the liquid inlet shell 151. Since the push rod 153 is slidably connected to the liquid inlet shell 151, as the liquid continues to enter the interior of the liquid inlet shell 151, the push rod 153 will slide outward, and the push rod 153 will drive the sliding rod 154 to slide outward, thereby driving the limiting inclined block 155 to slide outward and squeeze the return spring 157. Then the limiting inclined block 155 will no longer limit the partition 10, and the compression spring 20 will push the T-shaped rod 11 to move upward, thereby pushing the liquid to drive the partition 10 to move upward, thereby completing the rapid unloading, observing the amount of water in the measuring cylinder 4, and thus obtaining the permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock after rapid unloading;After unloading is complete, the liquid within the arcuate shell 8 flows back into the liquid storage chamber 141, and the partition 10, due to its own weight, passes through the limiting ramp 155, thus completing its reset. It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions are intended to be encompassed by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation surrounding rock seepage test device, comprising a box (1), wherein a water collecting trough (2) is provided at the bottom of the box (1), characterized in that: The middle of the water collecting tank (2) is fixedly connected to a filter plate (3), the bottom of the water collecting tank (2) is clamped with a measuring cylinder (4), the right side of the box body (1) is provided with a cylinder taking port (5), the interior of the box body (1) is fixedly connected with two rectangular columns (6); two connecting columns (7), the interior of the connecting columns (7) is provided with a liquid channel (21), an arc shell (8) is fixedly connected between the two connecting columns (7), the interior of the arc shell (8) is fixedly installed with a rectangular ring (9), a partition (10) is provided above the rectangular ring (9), the bottom of the arc shell (8) is slidably connected with two T-shaped rods (11), the bottoms of the two T-shaped rods (11) are fixedly connected with an extrusion plate (12), the lower surface of the extrusion plate (12) is fixedly installed with a pressure sensor (13), the arc A compression spring (20) is provided between the shell (8) and the T-shaped rod (11); a supply mechanism (14), the supply mechanism (14) being provided at the bottom of the box body (1); two telescopic mechanisms (15), the two telescopic mechanisms (15) being provided on the left and right sides of the arc-shaped shell (8); the supply mechanism (14) comprising a liquid storage chamber (141), a liquid pump (142), and a sliding chamber (143); the rear portion of the liquid pump (142) being fixedly connected to a liquid suction pipe (144); the front and rear portions of the sliding chamber (143) being connected to a connecting pipe (145); the middle portion of the connecting pipe (145) being fixedly connected to a lower control valve (146); the interior of the sliding chamber (143) being fixedly connected to a limit block (147); and the top of the sliding chamber (143) being slidably connected to a multi-stage telescopic plate (148).

2. A tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing cover plate (16) is movably mounted on the left side of the upper surface of the box body (1), a water pressure sensor (17) is provided below the sealing cover plate (16), an air pump (18) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the box body (1), and an air supply pipe (19) is connected to the top of the air pump (18).

3. A tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism (15) comprises a liquid inlet shell (151) and two sleeves (156). An upper control valve (152) is provided on the inner side of the liquid inlet shell (151). A push rod (153) is slidably connected to the outer side of the liquid inlet shell (151). The front and rear ends of the push rod (153) are fixedly connected to a slide rod (154). The inner end of the slide rod (154) is fixedly connected to a limiting inclined block (155). A return spring (157) is provided between the sleeve (156) and the limiting inclined block (155).

4. A tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting column (7) is fixedly connected to the box body (1), the compression spring (20) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped shell (8) and the T-shaped rod (11), the two liquid channels (21) are communicated with the arc-shaped shell (8), and the T-shaped rod (11) is slidably connected to the arc-shaped shell (8).

5. The tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water pressure sensor (17) is fixedly connected to the box body (1), and the air supply pipe (19) is in communication with the space below the sealing cover plate (16).

6. The tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid storage chamber (141) and the sliding chamber (143) are both opened inside the box body (1), the liquid suction tube (144) extends deep into the liquid storage chamber (141), the liquid pump (142) is fixedly connected to the box body (1), the left end of the front connecting tube (145) is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid pump (142), the left end of the rear connecting tube (145) is connected to the liquid storage chamber (141), and the right ends of the two connecting tubes (145) are both connected to the liquid channel (21) on the same side.

7. The tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid inlet shell (151) and the two cylinder sleeves (156) are fixedly connected to the arc-shaped shell (8); when the upper control valve (152) is in an open state, the liquid inlet shell (151) is communicated with the arc-shaped shell (8), and the sliding rod (154) is slidably connected to the cylinder sleeve (156).

8. The tunnel excavation surrounding rock water seepage test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner sides of the two rectangular columns (6) are provided with sliding grooves adapted to the multi-stage telescopic plates (148).

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