Laminated spring socket structure and connector for rail transit conversion system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electric connectors, and provides a laminated spring blade jack structure and a connector for a rail transit conversion system. The jack structure comprises a jack rear sleeve and spring blade assemblies symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the jack rear sleeve. The spring blade assembly comprises an inner layer spring blade and an outer layer spring blade. The end of the inner layer spring blade comprises a plurality of first spring claws arranged side by side. The first spring claws are provided with first contact parts on the side facing the blade type pin. The end of the outer layer spring blade comprises a plurality of second spring claws arranged side by side. The second spring claws are provided with second contact parts on the side facing the blade type pin. The inner layer spring blade comprises a first copper alloy material, and the outer layer spring blade comprises a second copper alloy material, so as to meet the differentiated performance requirements that the outer layer spring blade needs large elastic deformation and the inner layer spring blade needs high conductivity, and the large current carrying capacity is improved. Meanwhile, the outer layer material is fatigue resistant, the inner layer material is wear resistant and corrosion resistant, and the service life of the connector is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical connector technology, and in particular to a laminated spring socket structure and connector for rail transit converter systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of electrified railways towards intelligence and high speed, traditional converters can no longer meet the design requirements of lightweighting and miniaturization for certain special applications. Reducing size and weight has become a new development trend.

[0003] High-frequency operation is currently the most common approach, as it not only reduces the size and weight of components but also effectively increases power density. Due to the skin effect of high-frequency current, the current density gradually decreases from the surface to the center of the conductor when high-frequency current flows through it. Given the same conductor cross-sectional area, rectangular plate contacts have a larger effective current-carrying area compared to circular pin-and-socket contacts. Furthermore, plate contacts offer advantages such as simple processing, high production efficiency, and low cost, making them more suitable for the application requirements of rail transit power conversion systems. However, existing plate sockets typically have low contact force and weak resistance to deformation, leading to increased contact resistance and consequently, higher temperature rise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laminated spring socket structure and connector for rail transit converter systems, so as to solve the problem that the existing connectors have weak deformation resistance and thus increased contact resistance.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laminated spring insert structure for a rail transit converter system, comprising: a insert back sleeve and spring insert assemblies symmetrically arranged on both sides of the insert back sleeve to form an insert for insertion with a plate-type pin; the spring insert assembly includes an inner spring insert and an outer spring insert, the end of the inner spring insert including a plurality of first spring claws arranged side by side, the first spring claws having a first contact portion on the side facing the plate-type pin; the end of the outer spring insert includes a plurality of second spring claws arranged side by side, the second spring claws having a second contact portion on the side facing the plate-type pin, the second contact portion being located in the region between adjacent first contact portions, and two corresponding second contact portions located on both sides of the insert back sleeve. The distance between the parts is less than the distance between the two corresponding first contact parts, and the second contact part is further away from the socket sleeve relative to the first contact part; the stiffness ratio of the inner spring sheet to the outer spring sheet is 1.1~1.2, wherein the inner spring sheet includes a first copper alloy material, the outer spring sheet includes a second copper alloy material, and the elastic modulus ratio of the second copper alloy material to the first copper alloy material is 1.02~1.12; and the width ratio of the first contact part to the width ratio of the second contact part is 1.1~1.3; the bending angle of the first spring claw near the socket sleeve end is 0.85~0.95 compared to the bending angle of the second spring claw near the socket sleeve end.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the width of the first contact portion is 28~36mm, and the width of the second contact portion is 22~30mm; the bending angle of the first spring claw near the end of the socket is 118~128°, and the bending angle of the second spring claw near the end of the socket is 130~145°.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the surface of the inner spring is provided with a first composite coating, which covers the surface of the first copper alloy material; the first composite coating is based on silver, with added gold and nickel particles or thin layers, and added carbon nanotubes or graphene sheets.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the first composite coating contains 88% to 95% silver, 1% to 3% gold, 3% to 6% nickel, and 0.5% to 2% carbon nanotubes or graphene sheets.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the surface of the outer spring is provided with a second composite coating, which covers the surface of the second copper alloy material; the second composite coating is based on silver and the reinforcing phase is a mixture of tin dioxide and indium oxide particles.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the second composite coating contains 85% to 92% silver, 5% to 10% tin dioxide, and 3% to 8% indium oxide, with the total content of tin dioxide and indium oxide being 8% to 15%.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the conductivity of the first copper alloy material is greater than that of the second copper alloy material.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the conductivity of the first copper alloy material is ≥80% IACS, and the conductivity of the second copper alloy material is ≥25% IACS.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the inner spring sheet includes a first connecting portion for connecting to the rear sleeve of the socket, and a plurality of first spring claws are arranged side by side at the end of the first connecting portion away from the rear sleeve of the socket; the outer spring sheet includes a second connecting portion for connecting to the rear sleeve of the socket, and a plurality of second spring claws are arranged side by side at the end of the second connecting portion away from the rear sleeve of the socket; the second connecting portion located on the same side of the rear sleeve of the socket is stacked with the first connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is located on the outer layer of the first connecting portion.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the area of ​​the first spring claw used to engage the first contact portion is inclined, so that an inverted triangular slot area is formed between adjacent first spring claws, and the second contact portion is located in the inverted triangular slot area.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the portion of the second pawl between the second contact portion and the second connecting portion overlaps with the adjacent portion of the first pawl.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the first copper alloy material is C18160, and the second copper alloy material is C17200.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a connector including a surface-mount pin and a socket that mates with the surface-mount pin, the socket employing a laminated spring socket structure as described in the first aspect.

[0018] This invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0019] The laminated spring socket structure provided by this invention, through special design of the material properties and structural parameters of the inner and outer springs, enables the inner and outer springs to have different elastic and conductive properties. This satisfies the differentiated performance requirements of the outer spring requiring larger elastic deformation and the inner spring requiring higher conductivity. Specifically, the high elasticity and fatigue resistance of the outer spring ensure stable contact pressure even after long-term insertion and removal, while the high conductivity and strength of the inner spring ensure low and stable contact resistance. Furthermore, the high-conductivity material is directly located in the main current path, which minimizes resistance and heat generation, thus improving the high current carrying capacity. At the same time, the fatigue resistance of the outer material and the wear and corrosion resistance of the inner material together extend the service life of the connector. Moreover, using expensive high-conductivity materials only in the inner layer and using more cost-effective high-elasticity materials in the outer layer helps control costs. Both materials have good anti-relaxation properties, preventing the problem of contact pressure drop after long-term pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laminated spring insert structure for a rail transit converter system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of a laminated spring insert structure for a rail transit converter system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a front view of a laminated spring socket structure for a rail transit converter system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] icon:

[0025] 100 - Rear sleeve of the insertion hole; 100a - Protrusion; 200 - Spring piece assembly; 210 - Inner spring piece; 211 - First spring claw; 211a - First contact part; 212 - First connecting part; 220 - Outer spring piece; 221 - Second spring claw; 221a - Second contact part; 222 - Second connecting part; 300 - Fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention and how the technical solution of the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments.

[0030] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a laminated spring clip socket structure for a rail transit converter system, including: a socket back sleeve 100 and spring clip assemblies 200 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the socket back sleeve 100. The spring clip assemblies 200 on both sides form sockets for insertion with plate-type pins. The socket back sleeve 100 can be understood as the mounting carrier for the spring clip assemblies 200. The main structure of the socket back sleeve 100 is generally cylindrical. A protrusion 100a is provided at one end of the socket back sleeve 100. The protrusion 100a has two relatively parallel surfaces, which are used to fix and install the corresponding spring clip assemblies 200.

[0031] Optionally, the two sets of spring clip assemblies 200 are fixed to the corresponding protrusion 100a surfaces by bolt fasteners 300, thereby forming opposing spring clip assemblies 200 on the socket back sleeve 100. The gap between the two sets of spring clip assemblies 200 forms a socket structure for insertion with the plate pin. The plate pin is inserted between the spring clip assemblies 200 and clamped and contacted by the spring clip assemblies 200, thereby achieving a stable electrical connection.

[0032] Specifically, the spring assembly 200 includes an inner spring 210 and an outer spring 220, meaning each spring assembly 200 includes two laminated spring structures. The inner spring 210 has multiple first spring claws 211 arranged side-by-side at its end. The first spring claws 211 are located at the end of the inner spring 210 away from the insertion hole rear sleeve 100. The first spring claws 211 are bent with their ends curving outwards, forming a protrusion facing the plate-type pin in the bent area; this protrusion is the first contact portion 211a. The outer spring 220 has multiple second spring claws 221 arranged side-by-side at its end. The second spring claws 221 are located at the end of the inner spring 210 away from the insertion hole rear sleeve 100. The second spring claws 221 are bent with their ends curving outwards, forming a protrusion facing the plate-type pin in the bent area; this protrusion is the second contact portion 221a. The second contact portion 221a is located in the area between two adjacent first contact portions 211a. The distance between the two corresponding second contact portions 221a on both sides of the socket back sleeve 100 is less than the distance between the two corresponding first contact portions 211a. That is to say, the second contact portion 221a of the outer spring 220 is closer to the center area of ​​the plate pin or the socket than the first contact portion 211a of the inner spring 210, and the second contact portion 221a is farther away from the socket back sleeve 100 than the first contact portion 211a. In this way, the second contact portion 221a is the part that first contacts the plate pin when the plate pin is inserted.

[0033] Understandably, the outer spring 220 mainly receives the insertion and extraction forces and undergoes initial deformation. During the insertion process, it bears the greatest bending stress and strain and needs repeated elastic deformation. Therefore, the outer spring 220 needs to have a high elastic limit, high yield strength, excellent stress relaxation resistance, and good fatigue life (resistance to cyclic deformation). The inner spring 210 mainly undertakes the core tasks of stable contact and current transmission. The first contact part 211a directly forms the final and stable electrical contact interface with the plate pin plate (the outer spring 220 also forms an electrical contact surface, but its focus is different from that of the inner spring 210). The inner spring 210 bears the pressure transmitted from the outer spring 220, but its own bending deformation is relatively small. It mainly bears static or quasi-static contact pressure. Therefore, the material of the inner spring 210 needs to have extremely high conductivity (low resistance), excellent thermal conductivity (heat dissipation), good resistance to fretting wear, and stable contact resistance (low resistance and small fluctuation).

[0034] To meet the above performance requirements, this application designs the stiffness ratio of the inner spring sheet to the outer spring sheet to be 1.1 to 1.2. The reason is that the deformation of the outer spring sheet is greater than that of the inner spring sheet. In order to ensure that the spring sheet can recover after large deformation, the stiffness of the outer spring sheet needs to be greater than that of the inner spring sheet.

[0035] To meet the aforementioned stiffness ratio requirements, this embodiment of the invention requires corresponding settings for the material, elastic modulus, and corresponding dimensional parameter ratios of the inner layer spring. The inner layer spring 210 comprises a first copper alloy material, which is a copper alloy material with high electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, and moderate strength. This material has high electrical and thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of approximately 302 W / (mK). Through precipitation strengthening, it possesses strength, hardness, and softening temperature far exceeding that of pure copper. It can withstand necessary contact pressure and resist a certain degree of fretting wear, and exhibits good high-temperature stability and stress relaxation resistance (superior to pure copper). The outer layer spring 220 comprises a second copper alloy material, which is a copper alloy material with high strength and high elasticity. This material has high strength, hardness, elastic limit, and fatigue strength, as well as good stress relaxation resistance, good electrical conductivity, good formability, and heat treatment stability. Its thermal conductivity is approximately 105 W / (mK). Furthermore, the ratio of the elastic modulus of the second copper alloy material to that of the first copper alloy material is 1 to 1.2, meaning that the elastic performance of the outer spring 220 is higher than that of the inner spring 210, and the conductivity of the inner spring 210 is higher than that of the outer spring 220. Also, the ratio of the width of the first contact portion 211a to the width of the second contact portion 221a is 1.1 to 1.3, and the ratio of the bending angle of the first spring claw near the insertion hole to the bending angle of the second spring claw near the insertion hole is 0.85 to 0.95.

[0036] Optionally, the width of the first contact portion 211a is 28~36mm, and the width of the second contact portion 221a is 22~30mm, that is, the width of the first contact portion 211a is greater than the width of the second contact portion 221a; the bending angle α of the first spring claw 211 near the insertion hole rear sleeve 100 is 118~128°, and the bending angle β of the second spring claw 221 near the insertion hole rear sleeve 100 is 130~145°. Through the parameter settings of the inner spring sheet 210 and the outer spring sheet 220, and combined with the elastic modulus ratio of the first alloy material and the second alloy material, the inner spring sheet 210... The stiffness ratio of the inner and outer spring sheets 220 is within the range of 1.1 to 1.2. This allows the socket to meet the mechanical and other performance requirements of the inner and outer spring sheets. Specifically, the stiffness ratio of a part is related to the properties of the materials and the structure of the part. The material properties mainly refer to the elastic modulus, while the structural properties mainly refer to the cross-sectional area and length of the part. The outer spring sheet is narrower than the inner spring sheet, but longer. The two parts have the same thickness, and the difference in the elastic modulus of the materials is small. Therefore, the stiffness ratio is mainly affected by the structure of the part. By combining the cross-sectional area and length dimensions, the stiffness ratio of the inner and outer spring sheets can be controlled within the range of 1.1 to 1.2.

[0037] Optionally, the first copper alloy material is C18160 and the second copper alloy material is C17200, thereby meeting the above parameter design requirements.

[0038] Optionally, the conductivity of the first copper alloy material is greater than that of the second copper alloy material, wherein the conductivity of the first copper alloy is ≥80% IACS and the conductivity of the second copper alloy material is ≥25% IACS.

[0039] The laminated spring socket structure provided in this invention, through special design of the material properties and structural parameters of the inner spring 210 and the outer spring 220, enables the inner spring 210 and the outer spring 220 to have different elastic and conductive properties. This satisfies the differentiated performance requirements of the outer spring 220 needing larger elastic deformation and the inner spring 210 needing higher conductivity. Specifically, the high elasticity and fatigue resistance of the outer spring 220 ensure stable contact pressure after long-term insertion and removal, while the high conductivity and strength of the inner spring 210 ensure low and stable contact resistance. Furthermore, the high-conductivity material is directly located in the main current path, which minimizes resistance and heat generation, thus improving the high current carrying capacity. At the same time, the fatigue resistance of the outer material and the wear and corrosion resistance of the inner material together extend the service life of the connector. Moreover, using expensive high-conductivity materials only in the inner layer and using more cost-effective high-elasticity materials in the outer layer helps control costs. Both materials have good anti-relaxation properties, preventing the problem of contact pressure drop after long-term pressure.

[0040] In some embodiments, based on the material properties and functional requirements of the inner spring sheet 210, a first composite coating is provided on the surface of the inner spring sheet 210. The first composite coating covers the surface of the second copper alloy material. The first composite coating is an ultra-low contact resistance anti-sulfide silver-precious metal-carbon composite coating. This coating can make the inner spring sheet have a low stable contact resistance and provide strong resistance to environmental corrosion, while also having good wear resistance and excellent thermal conductivity.

[0041] Specifically, the first composite coating uses silver (Ag) as the matrix, adding gold (Au) and nickel (Ni) particles or thin layers, as well as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene flakes. The Au-containing particles are at the nanoscale, forming a protective layer or solid solution on the Ag surface to prevent corrosion from sulfur, oxygen, and other corrosive media from reacting with Ag. Adding Ni particles or thin layers further improves the coating's hardness and wear resistance (resisting fretting wear), acting as a diffusion barrier layer for the noble metals and enhancing coating adhesion. Adding CNTs or graphene flakes provides solid lubrication, reducing the coefficient of friction and fretting wear, while simultaneously enhancing the electrical and thermal conductivity networks, maximizing mechanical strength. Due to the inherent chemical inertness of carbon materials, it assists in corrosion resistance of the spring sheet, improving conductivity and durability.

[0042] The specific spraying process can be as follows: use a high-temperature plasma arc to melt silver-based powder and spray it onto the substrate surface at high speed to form a coating.

[0043] Optionally, in the first composite coating, the silver content is 88%~95%, the gold content is 1%~3%, the nickel content is 3%~6%, and the carbon nanotube or graphene sheet content is 0.5%~2% (uniformly dispersed). This ratio setting ensures both electrical conductivity and good wear resistance as well as excellent thermal conductivity.

[0044] In some embodiments, based on the material properties and functional requirements of the outer spring 220, a second composite coating is provided on the surface of the outer spring 220. The second composite coating covers the surface of the first copper alloy material. The second composite coating is a high wear-resistant and arc-resistant silver-oxide coating. This coating is intended to improve wear resistance during insertion and removal to resist friction and wear, while also improving resistance to arc erosion.

[0045] Specifically, the second composite coating uses silver (Ag) as the substrate and tin dioxide as the reinforcing phase. ) and indium oxide ( ) mixed particles, It possesses excellent wear resistance, resistance to arc erosion (high melting point, good thermal stability), and good oxidation resistance. Among these, It can improve the conductivity of the coating (it is a transparent conductive oxide), and improve... Its dispersion provides synergistic wear resistance and arc resistance.

[0046] The specific spraying process can be as follows: a silver-based solution can be atomized by rotation and uniformly deposited on the substrate surface to form a coating.

[0047] Optionally, in the second composite coating, the silver content is 85%~92%, the tin dioxide content is 5%~10%, and the indium oxide content is 3%~8%, and the total content of tin dioxide and indium oxide is ensured to be 8%~15%. The content ratio of tin dioxide and indium oxide is dynamically adjusted within this total ratio range to balance wear resistance and conductivity.

[0048] The combination of outer spring material and composite plating provided in this embodiment solves the problems of outer spring insertion and removal wear and arc erosion, protects the highly elastic substrate, and ensures long-term pressure stability. Meanwhile, the combination of inner spring material and plating solves the core problems of minimizing inner spring contact resistance, long-term stability, and resistance to environmental corrosion, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of high-current paths. Moreover, the combination of spring material and plating is not a simple superposition, but produces a 1+1>2 effect. This comprehensive differentiated design from substrate to coating is the key to achieving a breakthrough in overall connector performance (high current, high reliability, and long life).

[0049] In some embodiments, continue reading Figure 3 This embodiment further explains the specific structure of the inner spring and the outer spring 220.

[0050] Specifically, the inner spring piece 210 includes a first connecting portion 212, which is used to connect to the surface of the protrusion 100a of the socket rear sleeve 100 via a fastener 300. Multiple first spring claws 211 are arranged side-by-side at the end of the first connecting portion 212 away from the socket rear sleeve 100; that is, one end of the first connecting portion 212 is connected to the protrusion 100a on the socket rear sleeve 100, and the other end of the first connecting portion 212 is connected to multiple first spring claws 211. There is a certain gap between adjacent first spring claws 211 to ensure that the second contact portion 221a of the second spring claw 221 is exposed. Optionally, the multiple first spring claws 211 and the first connecting portion 212 are integrally formed.

[0051] Similarly, the outer spring 220 includes a second connecting portion 222, which is used to connect to the protrusion 100a of the socket rear sleeve 100 via a fastener 300. Specifically, the second connecting portion 222 located on the same side of the protrusion 100a is stacked on the outside of the corresponding first connecting portion 212, and the two are fixed to the same side of the socket rear sleeve 100 by the same fastener 300. A plurality of second spring claws 221 are arranged side by side at the end of the second connecting portion 222 away from the socket rear sleeve 100, that is, one end of the second connecting portion 222 is connected to the protrusion 100a of the socket rear sleeve 100, and the other end of the second connecting portion 222 is connected to a plurality of second spring claws 221. The second contact portion 221a of the second spring claw 221 is located in the area between the first contact portions 211a of adjacent first spring claws 211.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the aforementioned embodiment, the bending angle of the first spring claw 211 near the end of the sleeve 100 is the bending angle of the proximal end of the first spring claw 211 relative to the first connecting part 212, and the bending angle of the second spring claw 221 near the end of the sleeve 100 is the bending angle of the proximal end of the second spring claw 221 relative to the second connecting part 222. The size of the bending angle will affect the bending performance of the spring claw.

[0053] Optionally, continue reading Figure 2 The area of ​​the first spring claw 211 used to connect the first contact portion 211a is inclined so that an inverted triangular slot area is formed between adjacent first spring claws 211. The second contact portion 221a is located in the inverted triangular slot area, thereby realizing the staggered arrangement of the first contact portion 211a and the second contact portion 221a to avoid interference between the first contact portion 211a and the second contact portion 221a.

[0054] Optionally, straight grooves can also be opened between the first claws 211 of the inner layer spring sheet 210. This can not only increase the current-carrying cross-sectional area of ​​the spring sheet and improve its current-carrying capacity, but also allow the spring sheet to obtain a larger surface area and improve the heat dissipation performance of the product through the silver-based composite structure coating.

[0055] Furthermore, the portion of the second spring claw 221 between the second contact portion 221a and the second connecting portion 222 overlaps with the portion of the adjacent first spring claw 211. In this way, the first spring claw 211 and the outer second spring claw 221 can provide mutual support, which not only improves the reliability of the second spring claw 221, but also effectively enhances the contact force of the contact portion, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the socket.

[0056] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a connector, including a surface-mount pin and a socket that mates with the surface-mount pin, wherein the socket adopts a laminated spring socket structure as described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0057] The connector provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a socket structure in which the material properties and structural parameters of the inner spring 210 and the outer spring 220 are specially designed based on their structural characteristics. This allows the inner spring 210 and the outer spring 220 to have different elastic and conductive properties, thereby meeting the differentiated performance requirements of the outer spring 220 needing larger elastic deformation and the inner spring 210 needing higher conductivity. Specifically, the high elasticity and fatigue resistance of the outer spring 220 ensures stable contact pressure even after long-term insertion and removal, while the high conductivity and strength of the inner spring 210 ensure low and stable contact resistance. Furthermore, the high-conductivity material is located directly in the main current path, which minimizes resistance and heat generation, thus improving the high current carrying capacity. At the same time, the fatigue resistance of the outer material and the wear and corrosion resistance of the inner material together extend the service life of the connector. Moreover, using expensive high-conductivity materials only in the inner layer and using more cost-effective high-elasticity materials in the outer layer helps control costs. Both materials have good anti-relaxation properties, preventing the problem of contact pressure drop after long-term pressure, thereby improving the conductivity and durability of the connector.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a laminated spring insert structure, including a insert back sleeve 100 and spring insert assemblies 200 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the insert back sleeve 100. The spring insert assembly 200 includes an inner spring insert 210 and an outer spring insert 220. The end of the inner spring insert 210 includes a plurality of first spring claws 211 arranged side by side, and the first spring claws 211 have a first contact portion 211a on the side facing the plate-type insert. The end of the outer spring insert 220 includes a plurality of second spring claws 221 arranged side by side, and the second spring claws 221 have a second contact portion 221a on the side facing the plate-type insert. The second contact portion 221a is located in the area between adjacent first contact portions 211a.

[0061] The stiffness ratio of the inner spring 210 to the outer spring 220 is 1.15. The inner spring 210 comprises a first copper alloy material, specifically C18160. The surface of the inner spring 210 is provided with a first composite coating, which uses Ag as a matrix and adds Au and Ni particles, as well as carbon nanotubes. Specifically, the silver content is 92%, the gold content is 2%, the nickel content is 5%, and the carbon nanotube content is 1%.

[0062] The outer spring 220 comprises a second copper alloy material, C17200. The second composite plating layer uses silver as the matrix, and the reinforcing phase is a mixture of tin dioxide and indium oxide particles. The silver content is 88%, the tin dioxide content is 8%, and the indium oxide content is 4%. The elastic modulus ratio of the outer spring 220 to the inner spring 210 is 1.08. The width of the first contact portion 211a is 32 mm, and the width of the second contact portion 221a is 26 mm. The bending angle of the first spring claw 211 near the end of the socket sleeve 100 is 123°, and the bending angle of the second spring claw 221 near the end of the socket sleeve 100 is 138°.

[0063] Through the comprehensive design of the spring material, coating parameters, and its own structure in Example 1, and by conducting tests according to Method A of Test 16e in GB / T 5095.8-1997, the separation force of the spring socket was found to be 40N, with a smooth feel. According to Test 2b in GB / T 5095.2-1997, the contact resistance was measured to be ≤0.2mΩ in the initial state, and ≤0.3mΩ after the mechanical life test, meeting the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test should not be greater than twice that before the test. According to Test 9b in GB / T 5095.5-1997, and verified by a temperature rise test, the plate socket of this embodiment has a 7°C lower temperature rise value than a circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The laminated spring insert structure of Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, except that neither the inner spring nor the outer spring contains a plating layer.

[0066] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 41N; the contact resistance is ≤2.5mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤5.2mΩ, which does not meet the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the temperature rise value of the plate socket in this example is similar to that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0067] The test results of Example 2 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness, the contact resistance of the part substrate is large, and the temperature rise is similar.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The laminated spring socket structure of Example 3 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the silver content in the first composite coating is 98% and the nickel content is 2%.

[0070] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 40.5N; the contact resistance is ≤0.4mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤0.8mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this example has a temperature rise value of about 4℃ lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0071] The test results of Example 3 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness. After adding a coating to the part, the contact resistance is significantly improved and the temperature rise is reduced.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The laminated spring socket structure of Example 4 is the same as that of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the silver content in the first composite coating is 88%, the gold content is 2%, and the nickel content is 10%.

[0074] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 40.2 N; the contact resistance is ≤0.4 mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤0.8 mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this example has a temperature rise value of about 4°C lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0075] The test results in Example 4 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the component structure and surface roughness. After adding a coating to the component, the contact resistance is significantly improved and the temperature rise is reduced.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] The laminated spring socket structure of Example 5 is the same as that of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the silver content in the second composite coating is 95% and the tin dioxide content is 5% (excluding indium oxide).

[0078] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 40.5 N; the contact resistance is ≤0.6 mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤1.2 mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this embodiment has a temperature rise value that is about 2°C lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0079] The test results of Example 5 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness. After adding a coating to the part, the contact resistance is significantly improved and the temperature rise is reduced.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] The laminated spring socket structure of Example 6 is the same as that of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the silver content in the second composite coating is 85%, the tin dioxide content is 10%, and the indium oxide content is 5%.

[0082] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 40.3 N; the contact resistance is ≤0.5 mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤1 mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this embodiment has a temperature rise value that is about 2°C lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0083] The test results of Example 6 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness. After adding a coating to the part, the contact resistance is significantly improved and the temperature rise is reduced.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The laminated spring insert structure of Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1. The difference is that both the inner and outer springs in Comparative Example 1 are made of T2 (industrial pure copper).

[0086] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 4.7N; the contact resistance is ≤2.7mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤5.4mΩ, which does not meet the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the temperature rise value of the plate socket in this example is similar to that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0087] The test results of Comparative Example 1 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness, the contact resistance of the part substrate is relatively large, and the temperature rise values ​​are similar.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] The laminated spring insert structure of Comparative Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the stiffness ratio of the inner spring to the outer spring is 0.8.

[0090] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is approximately 36N; the contact resistance is ≤0.5mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤1mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this example has a temperature rise value that is about 2℃ lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0091] The test results of Comparative Example 2 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness. However, when the stiffness ratio is less than 1.1, the corresponding normal pressure decreases, which will affect the contact resistance. After adding a coating to the part, the contact resistance is improved and the temperature rise value is reduced.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] The laminated spring insert structure of Comparative Example 3 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the stiffness ratio of the inner spring to the outer spring is 1.5.

[0094] According to the test method of Example 1, the separation force of the spring-loaded socket is about 50N; the contact resistance is ≤0.4mΩ in the initial state, and after the mechanical life test, the contact resistance is ≤0.8mΩ, which meets the requirement that the contact resistance value after the test is not greater than twice that before the test; and after the temperature rise test, it is verified that the plate socket of this example has a temperature rise value of about 4℃ lower than that of the circular socket with the same current carrying capacity under the same test conditions.

[0095] The test results of Comparative Example 3 show that the spring separation force is mainly affected by the part structure and surface roughness. When the stiffness ratio is greater than 1.2, the normal pressure increases accordingly, and the spring separation force increases. After adding a coating to the part, the contact resistance is significantly improved and the temperature rise value decreases.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will understand that the steps, measures, and schemes in the various operations, methods, and processes discussed in this invention can be alternated, modified, combined, or deleted. Furthermore, other steps, measures, and schemes in the various operations, methods, and processes discussed in this invention can also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted. Furthermore, steps, measures, and schemes in the prior art that are similar to those disclosed in this invention can also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

[0097] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0098] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0099] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0100] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings are shown sequentially as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless expressly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they may be performed in other orders. Furthermore, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily completed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated spring clip socket structure for a rail transit converter system, characterized in that, include: A socket back sleeve and spring contact assemblies symmetrically arranged on both sides of the socket back sleeve to form a socket for insertion with a plate-type pin; The spring assembly includes an inner spring and an outer spring. The end of the inner spring includes a plurality of first spring claws arranged side by side, and the first spring claws have a first contact portion on the side facing the plate-type pin. The end of the outer spring includes a plurality of second spring claws arranged side by side, and the second spring claws have a second contact portion on the side facing the plate-type pin. The second contact portion is located in the area between adjacent first contact portions. The distance between two corresponding second contact portions on both sides of the socket back sleeve is less than the distance between two corresponding first contact portions, and the second contact portion is further away from the socket back sleeve than the first contact portion. The stiffness ratio of the inner spring sheet to the outer spring sheet is 1.1 to 1.2; wherein the inner spring sheet comprises a first copper alloy material, the outer spring sheet comprises a second copper alloy material, the elastic modulus ratio of the second copper alloy material to the first copper alloy material is 1.02 to 1.12; and the width ratio of the first contact portion to the second contact portion is 1.1 to 1.3; the bending angle of the first spring claw near the insertion hole at one end is 0.85 to 0.95 compared to the bending angle of the second spring claw near the insertion hole at one end.

2. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first contact portion is 28~36mm, and the width of the second contact portion is 22~30mm; the bending angle of the first spring claw at one end near the insertion hole is 118~128°, and the bending angle of the second spring claw at one end near the insertion hole is 130~145°.

3. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner layer spring sheet has a first composite coating on its surface, which covers the surface of the first copper alloy material. The first composite coating is based on silver, with added gold and nickel particles or thin layers, as well as added carbon nanotubes or graphene sheets.

4. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the first composite coating, the silver content is 88%~95%, the gold content is 1%~3%, the nickel content is 3%~6%, and the carbon nanotube or graphene sheet content is 0.5%~2%.

5. The laminated spring insert structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The outer layer of the spring sheet has a second composite coating on its surface, which covers the surface of the second copper alloy material. The second composite coating has silver as the base and a mixture of tin dioxide and indium oxide particles as the reinforcing phase.

6. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the second composite coating, the silver content is 85%~92%, the tin dioxide content is 5%~10%, and the indium oxide content is 3%~8%, and the total content of tin dioxide and indium oxide is guaranteed to be 8%~15%.

7. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conductivity of the first copper alloy material is greater than that of the second copper alloy material.

8. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electrical conductivity of the first copper alloy is ≥80% IACS, and the electrical conductivity of the second copper alloy material is ≥25% IACS.

9. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner spring sheet includes a first connecting portion for connecting the rear sleeve of the socket, and a plurality of first spring claws are arranged side by side at the end of the first connecting portion away from the rear sleeve of the socket; The outer spring sheet includes a second connecting portion for connecting the rear sleeve of the socket, and a plurality of second spring claws are arranged side by side at the end of the second connecting portion away from the rear sleeve of the socket; The second connecting portion, located on the same side as the back of the socket, is stacked with the first connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is located on the outer layer of the first connecting portion.

10. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The area of ​​the first spring claw used to connect with the first contact portion is inclined so that an inverted triangular groove area is formed between adjacent first spring claws, and the second contact portion is located in the inverted triangular groove area.

11. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The portion of the second spring claw between the second contact portion and the second connecting portion overlaps with the adjacent portion of the first spring claw.

12. The laminated spring insert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first copper alloy material is C18160, and the second copper alloy material is C17200.

13. A connector, characterized in that, It includes a plate-type pin and a socket that mates with the plate-type pin, wherein the socket adopts a laminated spring socket structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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