Filtering device and method for improving backflushing and self-cleaning effect

Abstract

The application discloses a filter device and method for improving back flushing and self-cleaning effect, and belongs to the technical field of filter equipment. The filter device and method for improving back flushing and self-cleaning effect comprise a cylinder body, a cylinder top, a cylinder bottom, a medium inlet and outlet, a pipeline, a pump, a filter assembly and a plurality of valves; further comprise a transmission mechanism, a perforated disc, a film and a multipurpose guide rail; the transmission mechanism comprises a guide rail, a linear motor and a sliding block; the multipurpose guide rail comprises a fixed rail, a sliding plate and a ball plate; the perforated disc comprises a first perforated disc and a second perforated disc, the first perforated disc and the second perforated disc are symmetrically installed on the wall surface through two sliding plates, the sliding plate moves on the fixed rail through the ball plate, the fixed rail is provided with a groove for the sliding block to move on the fixed rail, and the two are in clearance fit. The application can effectively improve the cleaning efficiency and effect of the filter device and has high practical value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of filtering equipment, in particular to a filtering device and method for improving back flushing and self-cleaning effect. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy, industrial production and environmental protection requirements are increasing, and the application of filtration technology in various fields is becoming more and more widespread. As the infrastructure of many industries such as environmental protection, chemical industry, food, medicine, etc., the technical level and development trend of the filtration industry directly affect the transformation and sustainable development of related industries in China.

[0003] The existing precision filtration equipment uses an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene filter core prepared by particle sintering method as a filtering component for filtration. The filter tank is first filled with a suspension to be filtered, and a layer of filtered residue is formed on the surface of the filter core. After filtration is completed, negative pressure needs to be extracted to remove water from the residue. When the water content is low, the residue cracks to form cracks, resulting in poor air leakage and negative pressure drainage effect. Subsequently, compressed air is blown out from the inside of the filter core to break the residue and make it fall off. However, due to the poor drainage effect, the actual water content of the residue is high, resulting in poor falling-off effect. Manual cleaning is required for residual residue, which is complicated and incomplete.

[0004] At present, there is no effective solution to the problems of air leakage due to cracks in the residue during negative pressure drainage, poor filter cake falling-off effect, and inability to detect the state of the residue in real time in the related art. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a filtering device and method for improving back flushing and self-cleaning effect to solve the problems of air leakage due to cracks in the residue during negative pressure drainage, poor filter cake falling-off effect, and inability to detect the state of the residue in real time in the prior art.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present application is:

[0007] The application discloses a filter device with improved back flushing and self-cleaning effect, which comprises a cylinder, a cylinder top, a cylinder bottom, a medium inlet and outlet, a pipeline, a pump, a filter assembly and a plurality of valves; further comprising a transmission mechanism, a perforated disc, a film and a multipurpose guide rail; the transmission mechanism comprises a guide rail, a linear motor and a sliding block; the multipurpose guide rail comprises a fixed rail, a sliding plate and a ball plate; the perforated disc comprises a first perforated disc and a second perforated disc, and the first perforated disc and the second perforated disc are symmetrically installed on the wall surface through two sliding plates; the sliding plate moves on the fixed rail through the ball plate; the fixed rail is provided with a groove for the sliding block to move on the fixed rail, and the two are in clearance fit; the pipeline comprises a feeding pipeline, a filtrate pipeline, a gas pipeline, a siphon pipeline and a nozzle pipeline; the linear motor is used to drive the sliding block to drive the perforated disc to move along the guide rail in the cylinder; when replacement is needed, the first perforated disc and the second perforated disc can be replaced by extracting the sliding plate; a film clamping device is arranged below each hole of the first perforated disc and above each hole of the second perforated disc; the film clamping device is composed of a shell, a spring, a clamping jaw and a bayonet; the spring is connected to the clamping jaw and covered inside the shell; the film is detachably fixed on the film clamping device through the bayonet on the clamping jaw and covers the middle of the perforated disc to form a dynamic closed air cavity; a nozzle is arranged on the inner wall of each hole of the second perforated disc, and the nozzle pipeline in the second perforated disc is connected with the nozzle; the nozzle pipeline is connected with the gas pipeline; the second perforated disc is provided with two cameras and two annular guide rails; the cameras have waterproof and light supplement functions and can be used to identify whether there is residual filter residue; the two annular guide rails are arranged below the second perforated disc and are used for moving the cameras; the arrangement mode of the holes of the first perforated disc and the second perforated disc is consistent with the arrangement mode of filter cores in the filter assembly; the radius of the holes of the first perforated disc and the second perforated disc is R1, the radius of a single filter core in the filter assembly is R2, and R2 < R1; the difference between R2 and R1 depends on the optimal filter cake thickness; the pre-tightening force of the spring of the film clamping device is 5-8 N; the material of the film is polyester fiber, and six nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the hole at an interval of 60 degrees.

[0008] Further, the medium inlet and outlet are arranged on the wall surface of the cylinder; the medium inlet and outlet of the feeding pipeline, the filtrate pipeline, the gas pipeline and the siphon pipeline are provided with the plurality of valves; the working procedures of the filter process are switched through the opening and closing of the plurality of valves; the pump comprises a feeding pump, a gas pump, a vacuum pump and a discharge pump.

[0009] The filter assembly is composed of several filter cartridges, the filter cartridges are sintered from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, used for filtering the suspension to be filtered, a siphon hose is arranged in each filter cartridge, the siphon hoses in each filter cartridge are concentrated and finally lead to the siphon pipeline, and water in the filter cartridge during the negative pressure drainage process is discharged to the siphon water tank through the siphon hose;

[0010] The barrel bottom is provided with a slag discharge port, a discharge port and a butterfly valve, the slag discharge port is located directly below the filter assembly, the butterfly valve is located directly below the slag discharge port, and the discharge port is arranged on the side of the barrel bottom and used for discharging residual filtrate.

[0011] Further, a pressure sensor and a flow meter arranged at the valve are further included;

[0012] The flow meter is arranged at the valve of the feed pipeline and used for monitoring the flow of the suspension to be filtered;

[0013] The pressure sensor is arranged at the valve of the gas pipeline and used for monitoring the fluctuation of the gas pressure of the gas pipeline during the negative pressure drainage;

[0014] The flow meter is arranged at the valve of the filtrate pipeline and used for monitoring the flow of the filtrate.

[0015] Further, a control system is further included, and the control system is connected with the pump, the transmission mechanism, the valve, the pressure sensor, the flow meter, the nozzle and the camera;

[0016] The control system dynamically adjusts the moving speed of the transmission mechanism according to the pressure sensor data, so as to control the speed of the film expansion for plugging the cracks;

[0017] The control system controls and adjusts the rotating speed of the feed pump according to the feedback of the flow meter data, so as to control the feeding speed of the suspension to be filtered;

[0018] The control system controls the working pressure of the air pump and the start-stop timing of the nozzle according to the identification of the camera, and the camera adopts near-infrared spectrum identification of organic filter residue.

[0019] On the other hand, the application provides a filtering method for improving the back flushing and self-cleaning effect, including the following steps:

[0020] S1: the suspension to be filtered is pumped into the barrel through the feed pipeline and the medium inlet and outlet pump, when the suspension fills the barrel, the feeding is stopped, the outlet valve of the feed pipeline is closed, the negative pressure filtration process is started, the outlet valve of the filtrate pipeline is opened, and the filtrate flows into the filter water tank through the filtrate pipeline;

[0021] S2: When the flow meter at the outlet valve of the filtrate pipe counts 0, stop the negative pressure filtration process, close the outlet valve of the filtrate pipe, and open the discharge pump to discharge the residual filtrate in the bottom of the cylinder which is not filtered by the filtering assembly. Then, open the gas pipe and the inlet valve of the siphon pipe, and the vacuum pump starts to work to enter the negative pressure drainage process, and the water in the filter core pipe flows into the siphon water tank through the siphon pipe; the pressure sensor at the inlet valve of the gas pipe monitors the pressure fluctuation during the negative pressure drainage process, and when the pressure sensor detects a sudden change in pressure, the control system triggers the transmission mechanism to drive the second perforated disc to move downward to compact the crack area, and the moving distance of the second perforated disc is controlled by feedback of the pressure difference, and the second perforated disc finally moves to the lowermost end of the transmission mechanism.

[0022] S3: When the flow meter at the outlet valve of the filtrate pipe and the siphon pipe counts 0, stop the negative pressure drainage process, and the vacuum pump stops working, and the air pump starts to work to enter the back flushing process, and the transmission mechanism drives the second perforated disc to start moving upward, and the filter residue is blown away from the filtering assembly and falls into the bottom of the cylinder through the pores formed by the membrane and the perforated disc, and when the second perforated disc moves to the uppermost end of the transmission mechanism, the back flushing process ends.

[0023] S4: The second perforated disc is driven by the transmission mechanism to move downward from top to bottom, and the camera starts to work to reciprocate on the annular guide rail to detect whether there is residual filter residue on the filtering assembly, and when the filter residue is detected, the transmission mechanism and the camera stop working through feedback control, and after a set time t1, the working pressure of the air pump is increased, and the pressure of the air pump is increased to 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the high-pressure gas is sprayed from the nozzle through the gas pipe and the nozzle pipe to act on the residual filter residue to further clean the surface of the filtering assembly, and the air injection time is set to t2, and after a set time t3, the transmission mechanism and the camera continue to work to detect and clean the residual filter residue.

[0024] S5: Open the butterfly valve, and the filter residue is discharged through the residue discharge port.

[0025] Further, in step S2, t1 is set to 0.5 seconds, t2 is set to 10 seconds, and t3 is set to 2 seconds.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0027] (1) During the negative pressure drainage process, the pore size of the channel formed by the membrane and the perforated disc changes with the thickness of the filter residue due to the elastic clamping of the membrane clamping device, so that the membrane is always in close contact with the filter residue due to the pressure difference;

[0028] (2) In the process of negative pressure drainage, the film can block the cracks caused by the low moisture content of filter residue, thereby ensuring the process of negative pressure drainage, and the moisture content of the filter residue can be effectively reduced. After the subsequent filter residue is blown back and falls to the bottom of the cylinder, the filter residue adheres to the stirring device due to the high moisture content, which needs to be solved manually. At the same time, a real-time crack compensation mechanism based on pressure jump recognition is added;

[0029] (3) After back blowing, the nozzle installed on the second perforated disc can identify and clean the filter core according to the detection of the camera when the second perforated disc moves linearly upward along the guide rail, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and effect;

[0030] (4) When the perforated disc or the film is damaged, it can be replaced by pulling the multipurpose guide rail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a front view of the filter device for improving the back blowing and self-cleaning effect of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a left view of the filter device for improving the back blowing and self-cleaning function of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main internal structure of the filter device before the film is unfolded;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main internal structure of the filter device after the film is unfolded;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structure diagram of a single filter core of the filter assembly;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structure diagram of the first perforated disc and the components provided above it;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a structure diagram of the second perforated disc and the components provided above it;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a structure diagram of the film clamp jaw;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a cooperation relationship between the multipurpose guide rail and the perforated disc;

[0040] Figure 10 It is a flow chart of the filter method for improving the back blowing and self-cleaning effect of the present application.

[0041] In the figure: 1, cylinder; 2, cylinder top; 3, cylinder bottom; 31, slag outlet; 32, discharge port; 33, butterfly valve; 4, medium inlet and outlet; 5, pipeline; 51, feeding pipeline; 52, filtrate pipeline; 53, gas pipeline; 54, siphon pipeline; 55, nozzle pipeline; 6, pump; 61, feeding pump; 62, gas pump; 63, vacuum pump; 64, discharge pump; 7, filter assembly; 71, filter core; 72, siphon hose; 8, transmission mechanism; 81, guide rail; 82, linear motor; 83, sliding block; 9, perforated disc; 91, first perforated disc; 92, second perforated disc; 93, film clamping device; 94, nozzle; 95, camera; 96, annular guide rail; 10, film; 11, multipurpose guide rail; 111, fixed rail; 112, sliding plate; 113, ball plate; 12, valve; 13, pressure sensor; 14, flow meter; 41, shell; 42, spring; 43, clamping jaw; 44, bayonet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1-9The application provides a technical scheme: a filter device capable of improving back flushing and self-cleaning effect, comprising a cylinder body 1, a cylinder top 2, a cylinder bottom 3, a medium inlet and outlet 4, a pipeline 5, a pump 6, a filter assembly 7 and a plurality of valves 12; further comprising a transmission mechanism 8, a perforated disc 9, a film 10 and a multipurpose guide rail 11; the transmission mechanism 8 comprises a guide rail 81, a linear motor 82 and a sliding block 83; the multipurpose guide rail 11 comprises a fixed rail 111, a sliding plate 112 and a ball plate 113; the perforated disc 9 comprises a first perforated disc 91 and a second perforated disc 92, and the first perforated disc 91 and the second perforated disc 92 are both symmetrically installed on a wall surface through two sliding plates 112, the sliding plate 112 moves on the fixed rail 111 through the ball plate 113, the fixed rail 111 is provided with a groove for the sliding block 83 to move on the fixed rail 111, and the two are gap-fitted; the pipeline 5 comprises a feeding pipeline 51, a filtered liquid pipeline 52, a gas pipeline 53, a siphon pipeline 54 and a nozzle pipeline 55, and the linear motor 82 is used to drive the sliding block 83 to drive the perforated disc 9 to move in the cylinder body 1 along the guide rail 81; wherein, when replacement is needed, the first perforated disc 91 and the second perforated disc 92 can be replaced by being pulled out through the sliding plate 112, a film clamping device 93 is arranged below each hole of the first perforated disc 91 and above each hole of the second perforated disc 92; the film clamping device 93 is composed of a shell 41, a spring 42, a clamping jaw 43 and a bayonet 44; the spring 42 is connected to the clamping jaw 43 and covered inside the shell 41; wherein, the film 10 is detachably fixed on the film clamping device 93 through the bayonet 44 arranged on the clamping jaw 43 and covers the middle of the perforated disc 9 to form a dynamic sealed air cavity; through the elastic clamping of the film clamping device 93, the film 10 can always adhere to the filter residue while plugging the filter residue cracks due to the pressure difference, thereby improving the drainage efficiency; the inner wall of each hole of the second perforated disc 92 is provided with a nozzle 94, the second perforated disc 92 is internally provided with the nozzle pipeline 55 connected with the nozzle 94, the nozzle pipeline 55 is connected with the gas pipeline 53, the second perforated disc 92 is provided with two cameras 95 and two sections of annular guide rails 96; wherein, the camera 95 has waterproof and light supplement functions and can be used to identify whether there is residual filter residue in the filter element 71; the two sections of annular guide rails 96 are arranged below the second perforated disc 92 and are used for the movement of the camera 95; the arrangement mode of the holes of the first perforated disc 91 and the second perforated disc 92 is consistent with the arrangement mode of the filter elements 71 in the filter assembly 7, the radius of the holes of the first perforated disc 91 and the second perforated disc 92 is R1, the radius of a single filter element 71 in the filter assembly 7 is R2, and R2 < R1; the difference between R2 and R1 depends on the optimal filter cake thickness; the pre-tightening force of the spring 42 of the film clamping device 93 is 5-8 N, so as to ensure that the deformation rate of the film 10 is less than 3% under 0.5 MPa air pressure; the material of the film 10 is polyester fiber, there are six nozzles 94 arranged on the inner wall of the hole at an interval of 60°, high-speed rotational flow is generated during air injection, local vortex shear force is formed on the surface of the filter element 71, and the residue shedding rate is improved.

[0044] In the present scheme, two servo motors are fixedly installed at the end of each segment of the annular guide rail 96, an arc-shaped rack is fixedly arranged in the groove of each segment of the annular guide rail 96 along the length direction of the track, a gear is installed on the moving bracket of each camera 95, the gear is engaged with the arc-shaped rack, the output shaft of the servo motor drives the gear to rotate through a shaft coupling or a speed reducer, and the rotation of the gear drives the moving bracket and the camera 95 to reciprocate along the rack (i.e. the track).

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, further, the medium inlet and outlet 4 is arranged on the wall of the cylinder 1; a plurality of valves 12 are arranged at the medium inlet and outlet 4 of the feed pipe 51, the filtrate pipe 52, the gas pipe 53 and the siphon pipe 54; the working procedures of the filtration process are switched by opening and closing the valves 12; the pump 6 comprises a feed pump 61, a gas pump 62, a vacuum pump 63 and a discharge pump 64;

[0046] The filtration assembly 7 is composed of a plurality of filter cartridges 71, the filter cartridges 71 are sintered from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and used for filtering the suspension to be filtered, the siphon hose 72 is arranged in each filter cartridge 71, and the siphon hoses 72 in each filter cartridge 71 are finally connected to the siphon pipe 54 in a concentrated manner, and the water in the filter cartridge 71 during the negative pressure drainage process is discharged to the siphon water tank through the siphon hose 72;

[0047] The cylinder bottom 3 is provided with a slag discharge port 31, a discharge port 32 and a butterfly valve 33, the slag discharge port 31 is located directly below the filtration assembly 7, the butterfly valve 33 is located directly below the slag discharge port 31, and the discharge port 32 is arranged at the side of the cylinder bottom 3 and used for discharging the residual filtrate.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, further, the pressure sensor 13 and the flow meter 14 arranged at the valves 12 are further included;

[0049] The flow meter 14 is arranged at the valve 12 of the feed pipe 51 and used for monitoring the flow of the suspension to be filtered;

[0050] The pressure sensor 13 is arranged at the valve 12 of the gas pipe 53 and used for monitoring the fluctuation of the gas pressure of the gas pipe 53 during the negative pressure drainage;

[0051] The flow meter 14 is arranged at the valve 12 of the filtrate pipe 52 and used for monitoring the flow of the filtrate.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, further, the control system 15 is further included, and the control system 15 is connected with the pump 6, the transmission mechanism 8, the valves 12, the pressure sensor 13, the flow meter 14, the nozzle 94 and the camera 95;

[0053] The control system 15 dynamically adjusts the moving speed of the transmission mechanism 8 according to the data of the pressure sensor 13, so as to control the speed of the film 10 to expand and seal the cracks;

[0054] The control system 15 controls the rotation speed of the feeding pump 61 according to the data of the flow meter 14, so as to control the feeding speed of the suspension to be filtered;

[0055] The control system 15 controls the working pressure of the air pump 62 and the start-stop timing of the nozzle 94 according to the identification of the camera 95, and the camera 95 uses near-infrared spectrum to identify the residual organic filter residue.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 10 The application provides a technical solution: a filter method for improving the back flushing and self-cleaning effect, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1: The suspension to be filtered is pumped into the inside of the cylinder 1 through the feeding pipeline 51 and the medium inlet and outlet 4, when the inside of the cylinder 1 is filled with the suspension, the feeding stops, the outlet valve 12 of the feeding pipeline 51 is closed, the negative pressure filtration process is started, the outlet valve 12 of the filtrate pipeline 52 is opened, and the filtrate flows into the filter water warehouse through the filtrate pipeline 52;

[0058] S2: When the flow meter 14 at the outlet valve 12 of the filtrate pipeline 52 is 0, the negative pressure filtration process is stopped, and the outlet valve 12 of the filtrate pipeline 52 is closed, the discharge pump 64 is started to discharge the residual filtrate in the cylinder bottom 3 that is not filtered by the filter assembly 7. Then, the inlet valve 12 of the gas pipeline 53 and the siphon pipeline 54 is opened, the vacuum pump 63 starts to work, the water in the filter core 71 pipe flows into the siphon water warehouse through the siphon pipeline 54, and the pressure sensor 13 at the inlet valve 12 of the gas pipeline 53 monitors the fluctuation of the air pressure during the negative pressure drainage process. When the pressure sensor 13 detects that the air pressure suddenly changes, the control system 15 triggers the transmission mechanism 8 to drive the second perforated disc 92 to move downward, so as to compact the crack area, the moving distance of the second perforated disc 92 is controlled by the feedback control of the air pressure differential change, and the second perforated disc 92 finally moves to the lowermost end of the transmission mechanism 8.

[0059] S3: When the flow meter 14 at the outlet valve 12 of the filtrate pipeline 52 and the siphon pipeline 54 is 0, the negative pressure drainage process is stopped, the vacuum pump 63 stops working, the air pump 62 starts to work, the back flushing process is started, the transmission mechanism 8 drives the second perforated disc 92 to start moving upward, the filter residue is blown away from the filter assembly 7, and falls into the cylinder bottom 3 through the hole formed by the film 10 and the perforated disc 9. When the second perforated disc 92 moves to the uppermost end of the transmission mechanism 8, the back flushing process is ended.

[0060] S4: the second perforated disc 92 is driven by the transmission mechanism 8 to move from top to bottom, while the camera 95 starts to work on the annular guide rail 96 to reciprocate, to detect whether there is residual filter residue in the filter assembly 7, when the filter residue is detected, the transmission mechanism 8 and the camera 95 stop working through feedback control, after setting time t1, the working pressure of the air pump 62 is increased, the pressure of the air pump 62 is increased to 0.8-1.2 MPa, the high-pressure gas is sprayed by the nozzle 94 through the gas pipeline 53 and the nozzle pipeline 55 to act on the residual filter residue, and the surface of the filter assembly 7 is further cleaned, the gas spraying time is set to t2, after setting time t3, the transmission mechanism 8 and the camera 95 continue to work to detect and clean the residual filter residue.

[0061] S5: open the butterfly valve 33, and the filter residue is discharged through the residue discharge port 31.

[0062] According to one embodiment of the application, in step S2, t1 is set to 0.5 seconds, t2 is set to 10 seconds, and t3 is set to 2 seconds.

[0063] Based on the above method, the advantages of the application and the prior art are shown in Table 1:

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066] It should be noted that, in this text, relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. Without more limitations. The statement "including a limited element" does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or equipment including the element.

[0067] Although embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A filter device that enhances the backwash and self-cleaning effect, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a filter device, including cylinder (1), cylinder top (2), cylinder bottom (3), medium inlet and outlet (4), pipeline (5), pump (6), filter assembly (7) and a plurality of valves (12), its characterized in that: still include transmission mechanism (8), disc with hole (9), film (10), multipurpose guide rail (11), transmission mechanism (8) includes guide rail (81), linear motor (82), sliding block (83), multipurpose guide rail (11) includes fixed rail (111), sliding plate (112), ball plate (113), disc with hole (9) includes first disc with hole (91), second disc with hole (92), first disc with hole (91), second disc with hole (92) all have two sliding plate (112) symmetry installs on wall surface, sliding plate (112) moves on fixed rail (111) through ball plate (113), fixed rail (111) is equipped with recess, is used for sliding block (83) moves on fixed rail (111), and both are clearance fit, pipeline (5) includes feed pipeline (51), filtrate pipeline (52), gas pipeline (53), siphon pipeline (54) and nozzle pipeline (55), linear motor (82) is used to drive sliding block (83) to drive disc with hole (9) moves in cylinder (1) along guide rail (81), wherein when needing to replace, first disc with hole (91), second disc with hole (92) can be replaced by the extraction of sliding plate (112), every round hole below first disc with hole (91), every round hole top of second disc with hole (92) is provided with film clamping device (93), film clamping device (93) is by shell (41), spring (42), jaw (43), bayonet (44) is composed, spring (42) is connected on jaw (43), and is covered inside by shell (41), wherein film (10) is detachably fixed on film clamping device (93) through the bayonet (44) of setting on jaw (43), and covers in disc with hole (9) middle part to form dynamic sealed air cavity, every round hole inner wall of second disc with hole (92) is provided with nozzle (94), second disc with hole (92) inside is provided with nozzle pipeline (55) and nozzle (94) is connected, nozzle pipeline (55) is connected with gas pipeline (53), second disc with hole (92) is equipped with two camera (95) and two sections annular guide rail (96), wherein camera (95) has waterproof and light supplement function, can be used to identify whether filter core (71) has residual filter residue.The two sections of annular guide rails (96) are arranged below the second perforated disc (92) for the movement of the camera (95). The arrangement of the circular holes of the first perforated disc (91) and the second perforated disc (92) is consistent with the arrangement of the filter elements (71) in the filter assembly (7). The radius of the circular holes of the first perforated disc (91) and the second perforated disc (92) is R1, the radius of a single filter element (71) in the filter assembly (7) is R2, and R2 < R1. The difference between R2 and R1 depends on the optimal filter cake thickness. The pre-tightening force of the spring (42) of the film clamping device (93) is 5-8 N. The material of the film (10) is polyester fiber. There are six nozzles (94) arranged uniformly along the inner wall of the circular hole at an interval of 60°.

2. The filter device of claim 1, wherein, The medium inlet and outlet (4) is arranged on the wall surface of the cylinder (1); the valves (12) are arranged at the medium inlet and outlet (4) of the feed pipe (51), the filtrate pipe (52), the gas pipe (53) and the siphon pipe (54); the working procedures of the filtration process are switched by opening and closing the valves (12); the pump (6) comprises a feed pump (61), a gas pump (62), a vacuum pump (63) and a discharge pump (64); The filter assembly (7) is composed of a plurality of filter cartridges (71), the filter cartridges (71) are sintered from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and are used for filtering the suspension to be filtered, the filter cartridges (71) are provided with siphon hoses (72), the siphon hoses (72) in each filter cartridge (71) are finally connected to the siphon pipe (54), and the water in the filter cartridges (71) during the negative pressure drainage process is discharged to the siphon water tank through the siphon hoses (72); The cylinder bottom (3) is provided with a slag discharge port (31), a discharge port (32) and a butterfly valve (33), the slag discharge port (31) is located directly below the filter assembly (7), the butterfly valve (33) is located directly below the slag discharge port (31), and the discharge port (32) is arranged on the side of the cylinder bottom (3) and is used for discharging the residual filtrate.

3. The filter device for improving backflushing and self-cleaning effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (13) and the flow meter (14) arranged at the valve (12) are further included; The flow meter (14) is arranged at the valve (12) of the feed pipe (51) and is used for monitoring the flow of the suspension to be filtered; The pressure sensor (13) is arranged at the valve (12) of the gas pipe (53) and is used for monitoring the fluctuation of the gas pressure of the gas pipe (53) during the negative pressure drainage; The flow meter (14) is arranged at the valve (12) of the filtrate pipe (52) and is used for monitoring the flow of the filtrate.

4. The filter device for improving backflushing and self-cleaning effects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control system (15) is connected with the pump (6), the transmission mechanism (8), the valve (12), the pressure sensor (13), the flow meter (14), the nozzle (94) and the camera (95); The control system (15) dynamically adjusts the moving speed of the transmission mechanism (8) according to the data of the pressure sensor (13), so as to control the speed of the film (10) in sealing the cracks; The control system (15) controls the rotating speed of the feed pump (61) according to the data feedback of the flow meter (14), so as to control the feeding speed of the suspension to be filtered; The control system (15) controls the working pressure of the gas pump (62) and the start-stop timing of the nozzle (94) according to the identification of the camera (95), and the camera (95) adopts near-infrared spectrum identification of organic filter residue.

5. A filtration method that enhances backflushing and self-cleaning effect, characterized by, The filter device for improving the backwashing and self-cleaning effects is applied to any one of claims 1-4 and comprises the following steps: S1: the suspension to be filtered is pumped into the inside of the cylinder (1) through the feed pipe (51) and the medium inlet and outlet (4), when the suspension fills the inside of the cylinder (1), the feeding stops, the outlet valve (12) of the feed pipe (51) is closed, the negative pressure filtration process is started, the outlet valve (12) of the filtrate pipe (52) is opened, and the filtrate flows into the filter water tank through the filtrate pipe (52); S2: when the flow meter (14) at the outlet valve (12) of the filtrate pipe (52) is 0, the negative pressure filtration process is stopped, the outlet valve (12) of the filtrate pipe (52) is closed, the discharge pump (64) is started to discharge the residual filtrate in the cylinder bottom (3) that is not filtered by the filter assembly (7), then the inlet valve (12) of the gas pipe (53) and the siphon pipe (54) is opened, the vacuum pump (63) starts to work, and the negative pressure drainage process is started, the water in the pipe of the filter core (71) flows into the siphon water tank through the siphon pipe (54); the pressure sensor (13) at the inlet valve (12) of the gas pipe (53) monitors the fluctuation of the air pressure during the negative pressure drainage process, when the pressure sensor (13) detects a sudden change of the air pressure, the control system (15) triggers the transmission mechanism (8) to drive the second perforated disc (92) to move downward, compacting the crack area, the moving distance is feedback controlled by the change of the air pressure differential, and the second perforated disc (92) finally moves to the lowermost end of the transmission mechanism (8); S3: when the flow meter (14) at the outlet valve (12) of the filtrate pipe (52) and the siphon pipe (54) is 0, the negative pressure drainage process is stopped, the vacuum pump (63) stops working, the air pump (62) starts to work, the back flushing process is started, the transmission mechanism (8) drives the second perforated disc (92) to start moving upward, the filter residue is blown away from the filter assembly (7), falls on the cylinder bottom (3) through the pores formed by the film (10) and the perforated disc (9), and when the second perforated disc (92) moves to the uppermost end of the transmission mechanism (8), the back flushing process is ended; S4: the second perforated disc (92) is driven by the transmission mechanism (8) to move from top to bottom, and the camera (95) starts to work to reciprocate on the annular guide rail (96), to detect whether there is residual filter residue on the filter assembly (7), when the filter residue is detected, the transmission mechanism (8) and the camera (95) stop working through feedback control, after a set time t1, the working pressure of the air pump (62) is increased, the air pump pressure is increased to 0.8-1.2 MPa, the high-pressure gas is sprayed out by the nozzle (94) through the gas pipe (53) and the nozzle pipe (55) to act on the residual filter residue, to further clean the surface of the filter assembly (7), the air jet time is set to t2, after a set time t3, the transmission mechanism (8) and the camera (95) continue to work to detect and clean the residual filter residue; S5: the butterfly valve (33) is opened, and the filter residue is discharged through the residue discharge port (31).

6. The filtration method of claim 5, wherein, In step S2, t1 is set to 0.5 seconds, t2 is set to 10 seconds, and t3 is set to 2 seconds.

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