A track end face processing device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a track end-face processing device and method, relating to the field of railway equipment. One track end-face processing device includes: a track vehicle capable of moving forward or backward on the track; a second drive device and a moving mechanism, both mounted on the track vehicle; a milling head connected to the moving mechanism, which drives the milling head to move and mill the track end face on the plane containing the track end face; and a transmission flexible shaft, with its two ends connected to the second drive device and the milling head respectively. The second drive device drives the milling head to rotate via the transmission flexible shaft. Beneficial effects: The track end-face processing device of this application can process the end face where the track joint is located, removing debris, rust, and oxide layers, making the end face clean, smooth, and highly flat, ensuring the quality of subsequent welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway equipment, and in particular to a track end face processing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Flash welding, aluminothermic welding, and gas pressure welding are commonly used methods for rail welding. Among them, aluminothermic welding is widely used for on-site welding in special sections such as turnouts, tunnels, and bridges, as well as for emergency repairs or lines with tight schedules. It is especially suitable for rail break repair, upgrading jointed tracks to seamless tracks, welding of turnouts across sections of seamless tracks, and welding on lines with heavy transport tasks.

[0003] Regardless of the welding method used, in order to ensure welding quality, the rail end needs to be treated before welding to remove debris, rust, and oxide layers, so that the rail end surface is clean, smooth, and has high flatness. Especially for aluminothermic welding, grinding to make the rail end surface clean and smooth can enhance the fluidity and fusion effect of the aluminothermic welding flux, ensuring the metallurgical bonding strength between the weld metal and the base material.

[0004] Currently, the pre-welding treatment of railway rails typically involves grinding to remove debris, rust, and oxide layers from the rail ends. For example, patents such as CN112609518A, CN218518348U, CN108330754A, and CN210968254U demonstrate automatic rail grinding equipment capable of automatically grinding the rail end surfaces. However, existing automatic rail grinding equipment generally only grinds the two sides of the rail, failing to automatically grind the end face where the rail joint is located. When grinding the rail ends in a fixed state, the rail joint is narrow (6-18 mm), making it difficult for the grinding equipment to enter. This makes grinding the rail end face where the rail joint is located challenging, requiring manual grinding with handheld angle grinders or similar tools. This is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and generates a large amount of grinding dust, polluting the air. Inhaling this dust can cause serious health problems for nearby workers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a track end face processing device and method, which aims to solve the problem that existing automatic track grinding equipment cannot process the end face where the track gap is located.

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention proposes a track end face processing device, comprising:

[0007] A railcar is capable of moving forward or backward on a track.

[0008] Both the drive unit and the moving mechanism are mounted on the railcar;

[0009] The milling head is connected to the moving mechanism, which drives the milling head to move on the plane where the rail end face is located to mill the rail end face.

[0010] A flexible drive shaft has two ends connected to a second drive device and a milling head, respectively. The second drive device drives the milling head to rotate via the flexible drive shaft.

[0011] In one embodiment, the moving mechanism includes:

[0012] Y-axis transverse movement device, installed on the railcar;

[0013] The lifting device is connected to the Y-axis transverse movement device, which drives the lifting device to move along the width of the track on the plane where the track end face is located.

[0014] The third drive device is connected to the lifting device, which drives the third drive device to move up and down on the plane where the rail end face is located. The milling head is connected to the third drive device, which drives the milling head to rotate on the plane where the rail end face is located.

[0015] In one embodiment, the drive shaft includes:

[0016] The steel wire braided layer has multiple layers along the radial direction of the transmission flexible shaft, with adjacent layers spaced apart.

[0017] An elastic damping layer is provided at least between two adjacent steel wire braided layers;

[0018] The protective layer is located outside the outermost steel wire braided layer or elastic damping layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the flexible drive shaft has a channel passing through both ends of the flexible drive shaft axially.

[0020] One axial end of the transmission flexible shaft is connected to the second drive device via a shaft joint.

[0021] The shaft connector includes:

[0022] A bushing 1, one end of which is sealed and fixedly sleeved on the axial end of the transmission flexible shaft, and the other end of which is connected to the drive device 2. The drive device 2 drives the transmission flexible shaft to rotate through the bushing 1. A liquid inlet channel is provided inside the bushing 1, one end of which extends to the outer wall of the bushing 1, and the other end of which is connected to the channel 2.

[0023] A retaining ring is sleeved on the outside of a bushing. The retaining ring has an inlet hole inside. One end of the inlet hole extends to the outer wall of the retaining ring, and the other end extends to the inner wall of the retaining ring.

[0024] At least two sealing rings 2 are located between the fixed ring and the bushing 1, and are sealed to the fixed ring and the bushing 1. The bushing 1 and the fixed ring are sealed to rotate without contact through the sealing rings 2. Multiple sealing rings 2 are arranged at intervals, thereby defining an annular shaft gap between the bushing 1 and the fixed ring that is isolated from the outside. The annular shaft gap is connected to the liquid inlet channel and the liquid inlet hole.

[0025] The milling head includes:

[0026] The second bushing is sealed and fixedly fitted on the other axial end of the transmission flexible shaft. The second bushing has a channel, one end of which is connected to the second channel.

[0027] The tool holder has a gap with the bushing two and is fixedly connected to the bushing two by a connecting pin. The other end of the channel one is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the bushing two.

[0028] A milling cutter is fixedly mounted on a tool holder. The back end of the milling cutter is provided with a cooling hole. The cooling hole is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the bushing. The coolant ejected from the channel passes through the gap between the tool holder and the bushing and enters the cooling hole. A guide is provided in the cooling hole. The guide guides the coolant entering the cooling hole to flow to the bottom of the cooling hole first, and then flows out of the cooling hole and into the gap between the tool holder and the bushing.

[0029] A sleeve is fitted around the second bushing and the tool holder, and is rotatably connected to the second bushing and the tool holder. The sleeve has a liquid storage chamber inside, and the liquid storage chamber has an opening. The opening is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the second bushing. When the milling head rotates, the coolant in the gap diffuses outward under the action of centrifugal force and enters the liquid storage chamber through the opening. The outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a drain hole that communicates with the liquid storage chamber. The sleeve is connected to the third drive device.

[0030] At least two sealing rings are provided on both sides of the cavity opening and the gap. One sealing ring is connected to the sleeve and the bushing, and the other sealing ring is connected to the sleeve and the tool holder. The sealing rings prevent coolant from flowing out of the milling head.

[0031] A check ring, located at the cavity opening, is used to prevent coolant in the reservoir from flowing out of the cavity opening.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second channel, the first channel, the transmission flexible shaft, the second bushing, and the milling cutter are coaxial.

[0033] In one embodiment, the liquid inlet is connected to a liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe is connected to a liquid storage tank, through which coolant in the liquid storage tank can enter the liquid inlet via the liquid inlet pipe.

[0034] In one embodiment, the drain hole is connected to a return pipe, and a pump is installed on the return pipe to extract coolant from the storage chamber.

[0035] The return pipe is connected to a cooling device, which is connected to a storage tank. The coolant drawn by the pump enters the cooling device for cooling and then flows into the storage tank.

[0036] In one embodiment, the railcar is equipped with a lifting device, and a nut is provided at the lower end of the lifting device. The railcar moves on the track so that the nut is coaxial with the track spike.

[0037] When the nut and the rail spike are coaxial, the lifting device pushes the nut down to fit onto the rail spike, and pushes the railcar up to separate from the rail. The nut is only axially slidably fitted onto the rail spike.

[0038] In one embodiment, the moving mechanism can also drive the milling head to move along the length of the track.

[0039] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method for processing the track end face, wherein the following steps are performed using any of the track end face processing devices described above:

[0040] Move the railcar on the track to the processing position near the end face of the rail;

[0041] Adjust the position of the milling head so that it is located on the plane of the rail end face;

[0042] The second drive unit is activated to rotate the milling head, and the moving mechanism is controlled to move the milling head on the plane where the rail end face is located to mill the rail end face.

[0043] Beneficial effects: 1. The rail end face treatment device of this application can treat the end face where the rail joint is located, remove debris, rust and oxide layer on the end face where the rail joint is located, so that the end face where the rail joint is located is clean, smooth and has high flatness, ensuring the quality of subsequent welding.

[0044] 2. The track end face treatment device of this application uses milling to treat the end face where the rail gap is located. Compared with grinding, it can avoid generating a large amount of grinding powder, does not pollute the air environment, and does not affect the health of workers.

[0045] 3. Since rails are usually made of special steels such as high manganese steel, which have high strength, high hardness, and strong wear resistance, the milling resistance is high. Therefore, the milling cutter is prone to overheating during operation. Accordingly, the rail end face treatment device of this application adds a liquid cooling structure to force liquid cooling of the milling cutter to ensure that the milling cutter can smoothly mill the rail. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a track end face processing device according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0048] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the image;

[0049] Figure 3 This is an internal structural diagram of the shaft connector of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission flexible shaft of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in the image;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the milling head of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 CC section view in the middle;

[0054] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of part D in the image;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the inner sleeve and check ring of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a track end face processing device according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a track end face processing device according to the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a track end face processing device according to the present invention. Figure 4 ;

[0059] Figure 13 This is a bottom view of a track end face processing device according to the present invention.

[0060] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0061] 1. Sleeper; 2. Rail; 3. Rail spike; 4. Flexible fastener; 5. Bolt head; 6. Chassis;

[0062] 7. Flexible drive shaft; 71. Steel wire braided layer; 72. Elastic damping layer; 73. Second channel; 74. Protective layer;

[0063] 8. Milling head; 81. Mounting ring; 82. Outer sleeve; 83. Bushing II; 84. Bearing I; 85. Retaining ring I; 86. Wedge; 87. Inner sleeve; 88. Liquid storage chamber; 89. Drainage ring; 810. Check ring; 811. Sealing ring I; 812. Cavity opening; 813. Tool holder; 814. Connecting pin; 815. Clearance; 816. Bearing II; 817. Retaining ring II; 818. Drain hole; 819. Drain pipe; 820. Milling cutter; 821. Cooling hole; 822. Guide pipe; 823. Channel I;

[0064] 9. Shaft joint; 91. Shaft sleeve one; 92. Retaining ring; 93. Liquid collecting cylinder; 94. Sealing ring two; 95. Liquid inlet channel; 96. Liquid inlet hole; 97. Liquid inlet pipe; 98. Annular shaft clearance;

[0065] 10. Rail wheel; 11. Drive unit one; 12. Lifting device; 13. Nut; 14. Power supply; 15. Air compressor; 16. Drive unit two; 17. Suspension; 18. Brake; 19. Wheel axle; 20. Return pipe; 21. Liquid pump; 22. Cooling device; 23. Discharge pipe; 24. Liquid storage tank; 25. Drive unit three; 26. Mounting bracket one; 27. Lifting device; 28. Y-axis lateral movement device; 29. ​​X-axis lateral movement device; 30. Guide column; 31. Column; 32. Roof truss; 33. Roof panel; 34. Solar panel; 35. Rail end face. Detailed Implementation

[0066] This invention proposes a track end face treatment device, which can treat the end face where the track joint is located, remove debris, rust and oxide layer from the end face where the track joint is located, so that the end face where the track joint is located is clean, smooth and has high flatness, ensuring the quality of subsequent welding.

[0067] Specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 1 , Figures 10-13As shown, the track end face processing device includes: a track vehicle, a drive device 16, a moving mechanism, a milling head 8, and a transmission flexible shaft 7. The track vehicle can move forward or backward on the track. The track includes a sleeper 1 and a pair of rails 2. The pair of rails 2 are arranged parallel to each other on the sleeper 1 and are fixedly connected to the sleeper 1 by elastic fasteners 4 and track spikes 3. The railcar includes a frame 6, rail wheels 10, a drive unit 11, a suspension 17, a brake 18, and wheel axles 19. The suspension 17 is located at the lower end of the frame 6, and the wheel axles 19 are mounted on the suspension 17. The rail wheels 10 are located at both ends of the wheel axles 19, and the rail wheels 10 can roll on the rails 2, enabling the railcar to move forward or backward on the track. The drive unit 11 is connected to the wheel axles 19 and is used to drive the wheel axles 19 to rotate, thereby driving the rail wheels 10 to roll on the rails 2. The brake 18 is installed on the wheel axles 19 and is used to brake the wheel axles 19 when needed, so that the railcar stops on the track.

[0068] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the second drive device 16 and the moving mechanism are both mounted on the railcar; the milling head 8 is connected to the moving mechanism, and the moving mechanism drives the milling head 8 to move on the vertical plane where the rail end face 35 is located to mill the rail end face 35; the two ends of the transmission flexible shaft 7 are respectively connected to the second drive device 16 and the milling head 8. The second drive device 16 drives the milling head 8 to rotate through the transmission flexible shaft 7, and at the same time the moving mechanism drives the milling head 8 to move on the vertical plane where the rail end face 35 is located, thereby milling the rail end face 35.

[0069] Specifically, one of the paths by which the moving mechanism drives the milling head 8 to move in the vertical plane where the rail end face 35 is located is as follows: Figure 1 As indicated by the arrow, the moving mechanism drives the milling head 8 to rotate around the rail 2 in the vertical plane where the rail end face 35 is located. The milling cutter 820 of the milling head 8 mills all areas of the entire rail end face 35. More specifically, the milling cutter 820 of the milling head 8 first extends into the rail gap to mill a section of the rail end face 35. Then, the milling head 8 rotates around the rail 2, keeping the milling cutter 820 within the rail gap during rotation, thus milling all areas of the entire rail end face 35. Of course, in other embodiments, the path by which the moving mechanism drives the milling head 8 to move in the vertical plane where the rail end face 35 is located can also be as follows... Figure 10 As shown by the arrow in the image.

[0070] Preferred, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the moving mechanism includes: a Y-axis transverse movement device 28, a lifting device 27, and a drive device 25. The Y-axis transverse movement device 28 is mounted on the railcar. The lifting device 27 is connected to the Y-axis transverse movement device 28, and the Y-axis transverse movement device 28 drives the lifting device 27 to move along the width direction of the rail on the plane where the rail end face 35 is located. The drive device 25 is directly connected to the lifting device 27 or indirectly fixedly connected through a mounting bracket 26, and the lifting device 27 drives the drive device 25 to rise and fall on the plane where the rail end face 35 is located. The milling head 8 is connected to the drive device 25, and the drive device 25 drives the milling head 8 to rotate on the plane where the rail end face 35 is located.

[0071] In this embodiment, the drive device 11, drive device 26, and drive device 35 can be driven by motors, pneumatic motors, hydraulic motors, or other drive components. The Y-axis transverse movement device 28 and the lifting device 27 can be linear actuators such as linear motors, hydraulic cylinders, and pneumatic cylinders.

[0072] In this embodiment, further, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the flexible transmission shaft 7 includes: a wire braided layer 71, an elastic damping layer 72, and a protective layer 74. Along the radial direction of the flexible transmission shaft 7, the wire braided layer 71 has multiple layers, with adjacent layers spaced apart. The elastic damping layer 72 is disposed between adjacent wire braided layers 71 and is fixedly connected to them. This design allows the elastic damping layer 72 to absorb the torsional vibration energy of the flexible transmission shaft 7, reduce the resonance amplitude of the flexible transmission shaft 7, reduce torque loss caused by relative sliding between the wire braided layers 71, suppress micro-vibrations generated by friction between the wire braided layers 71, and ensure smooth and reliable transmission of the flexible transmission shaft 7. The protective layer 74 is located outside the outermost wire braided layer 71 or the elastic damping layer 72, and is used to protect the wire braided layer 71 or the elastic damping layer 72. Furthermore, the elastic damping layer 72 can also be disposed inside the innermost wire braided layer 71 or / and outside the outermost wire braided layer 71.

[0073] Preferably, the steel wire braided layer 71 is made of 65Mn steel wire, and the protective layer 74 is made of PVC / nylon. This design provides good dust and water resistance. The elastic damping layer 72 is made of silicone. The silicone fills the space between two adjacent steel wire braided layers 71. After the liquid silicone cures, it bonds the steel wire to form a viscoelastic sandwich structure. This design can effectively suppress torsional vibration and balance flexible transmission and dynamic stability.

[0074] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the transmission flexible shaft 7 is provided with a second channel 73 that passes through both ends of the transmission flexible shaft 7 axially. Preferably, the second channel 73 and the transmission flexible shaft 7 are coaxial. This design minimizes the centrifugal force on the coolant in the second channel 73 and avoids affecting the dynamic stability of the transmission flexible shaft 7 when the coolant is transmitted through the second channel 73.

[0075] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one axial end of the transmission flexible shaft 7 is connected to the second drive device 16 via a shaft joint 9. The shaft joint 9 includes: a first bushing 91, a retaining ring 92, and at least two second sealing rings 94. One end of the first bushing 91 is sealed and fixedly fitted onto one axial end of the transmission flexible shaft 7. The sealing includes detachable sealing and non-detachable sealing (the same below), and the purpose of the seal is to prevent coolant leakage. The other end of the first bushing 91 is connected to the second drive device 16. With this design, the second drive device 16 drives the transmission flexible shaft 7 to rotate through the first bushing 91, realizing power transmission. Figure 3 As shown, the bushing 91 has an internal liquid inlet channel 95. One end of the liquid inlet channel 95 extends to the outer wall of the bushing 91. This design allows the liquid inlet channel 95 to communicate with the annular shaft clearance 98, and the other end of the liquid inlet channel 95 communicates with the second channel 73. Figure 3 As shown, the fixing ring 92 is sleeved outside the bushing 91. The fixing ring 92 has an inlet hole 96 inside. One end of the inlet hole 96 extends to the outer wall of the fixing ring 92, facilitating communication between the external inlet pipe 97 and the inlet hole 96. The other end of the inlet hole 96 extends to the inner wall of the fixing ring 92, allowing communication between the inlet hole 96 and the annular shaft clearance 98. Figure 3 As shown, at least two sealing rings 94 are located between the fixed ring 92 and the bushing 91, and are sealed to the fixed ring 92 and the bushing 91. This design allows the bushing 91 and the fixed ring 92 to be rotated and sealed without contact through the sealing rings 94. Multiple sealing rings 94 are spaced apart, thereby defining an annular gap 98 between the bushing 91 and the fixed ring 92, which is isolated from the outside. The annular gap 98 is connected to the liquid inlet channel 95 and the liquid inlet hole 96. The coolant enters the annular gap 98 through the liquid inlet hole 96, then enters the liquid inlet channel 95, and finally enters the channel 73 through the liquid inlet channel 95. The sealing rings 94 prevent the coolant from leaking in the annular gap 98, and realize the rotational sealing connection between the bushing 91 and the fixed ring 92 without contact. Correspondingly, the fixed ring 92 can be designed not to rotate with the bushing 91.

[0076] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the liquid inlet 96 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 97, as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the inlet pipe 97 is connected to the storage tank 24. The coolant in the storage tank 24 can enter the inlet hole 96 through the inlet pipe 97. For example, a pump can be installed in the storage tank 24 to draw the coolant in the storage tank 24 and pump it into the inlet hole 96 through the inlet pipe 97. Of course, in other embodiments, the storage tank 24 can also be set at a high position so that the coolant in the storage tank 24 can flow into the inlet pipe 97 and enter the inlet hole 96 by gravity.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a liquid collecting cylinder 93 is provided at both ends of the fixed ring 92 along its axial direction. The diameters of the two ends of the liquid collecting cylinder 93 are different, with the end with the larger diameter being sealed and fixedly connected to the fixed ring 92. This design allows the coolant leaking from the annular shaft gap 98 to be collected in the liquid collecting cylinder 93, preventing it from flowing freely and splashing around due to the bushing 91. The fixed ring 92 and the bushing 91 achieve a dynamic seal through the sealing ring 94. Compared to a static seal, a dynamic seal is less reliable, and there is a possibility of coolant leakage after prolonged use. The leaked coolant falls onto the high-speed rotating bushing 91 and splashes around. The liquid collecting cylinder 93 prevents the coolant from splashing around. At the same time, the design of the two ends of the liquid collecting cylinder 93 with different diameters allows it to collect and store some coolant without causing coolant to flow out of the liquid collecting cylinder 93. After the track end face treatment is completed, the coolant collected and stored in the liquid collecting cylinder 93 is cleaned out.

[0078] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the milling head 8 includes: a bushing 83, a tool holder 813, a milling cutter 820, a sleeve, at least two sealing rings 811, and a check ring 810, as shown. Figure 6 As shown, the second bushing 83 is sealed and fixedly fitted onto the other axial end of the transmission flexible shaft 7. Preferably, a wedge 86 is detachably inserted and fixed onto the second bushing 83, thereby fixing the other axial end of the transmission flexible shaft 7 inside the second bushing 83. Figure 6 As shown, the bushing 83 has a channel 823 inside, one end of which communicates with channel 73; this design allows the coolant in channel 73 to flow smoothly into channel 823. Figure 6 As shown, a gap 815 is provided between the tool holder 813 and the bushing 83. The tool holder 813 is fixedly connected to the bushing by multiple connecting pins 814. This design not only does not affect the synchronous rotation of the tool holder 813 driven by the bushing 83, but also allows the coolant to flow smoothly to liquid cool the milling cutter 820. Figure 6As shown, the milling cutter 820 is fixedly mounted on the tool holder 813. A cooling hole 821 is provided at the back end of the milling cutter 820. The cooling hole 821, the first channel 823, and the gap 815 are connected, and the central axis of the first channel 823 passes through the cooling hole 821. This design allows the coolant jet from the first channel 823 to pass through the gap 815 between the tool holder 813 and the second bushing 83 and smoothly enter the cooling hole 821. A guide is provided inside the cooling hole 821. The guide guides the coolant entering the cooling hole 821 to first flow to the bottom of the cooling hole 821, and then flow out of the cooling hole 821 into the gap 815 between the tool holder 813 and the second bushing 83. This coolant flow path design can fully utilize the coolant to cool the milling cutter 820, resulting in good cooling effect. Preferably, as... Figure 6 As shown, the bottom of the cooling hole 821 is located inside the cutter head at the lower end of the end mill 820. This design can fully cool the cutter head, resulting in fast cooling speed and excellent cooling effect, ensuring the life of the end mill 820 and its long-term stable operation.

[0079] Specifically, the flow guide is Figure 6 and Figure 7 The guide pipe 822 shown is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cooling hole 821. The coolant column ejected from the first channel 823 enters the guide pipe 822, and the coolant flows through the guide pipe 822 to the bottom of the cooling hole 821. Then, the coolant flows out of the cooling hole 821 from the area outside the guide pipe 822 inside the cooling hole 821. The coolant column ejected from the first channel 823 and the flow direction of the coolant within the cooling hole 821 are as follows: Figure 6 As indicated by the middle arrow. Of course, in other embodiments, the guide can also be a long strip-shaped partition that divides the cooling hole 821 into two areas. These two areas are connected at the bottom of the cooling hole 821. The coolant jet from the channel 823 enters one of the areas, and the coolant in the cooling hole 821 flows out of the cooling hole 821 from the other area.

[0080] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the cooling hole 821 is not coaxial with the milling cutter 820. This design can avoid weakening the cutting edge strength of the milling cutter 820.

[0081] In this embodiment, the sleeve is fitted around the second bushing 83 and the tool holder 813, and is rotatably connected to the second bushing 83 and the tool holder 813. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6As shown, bearing 84 and bearing 816 are respectively provided at both axial ends of the sleeve. Bearing 84 is sleeved on sleeve 83 and fixed by retaining ring 85. Bearing 816 is sleeved on tool holder 813 and stopped by retaining ring 817. The sleeve is connected to drive device 25. This design does not affect the rotation of sleeve 83 and tool holder 813. Furthermore, considering that the sleeve wall is thinner after the liquid storage chamber 88 is set inside the sleeve, making it more difficult to securely connect it to drive device 25, therefore... Figure 6 As shown, an installation ring 81 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the sleeve. The installation ring 81 is connected to the drive device 25. This design facilitates the connection between the sleeve and the drive device 25.

[0082] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 As shown, the sleeve has a liquid storage chamber 88 inside, and the liquid storage chamber 88 has an opening 812. The opening 812 communicates with the gap 815 between the tool holder 813 and the bushing 83. When the milling head 8 rotates, the coolant in the gap 815 diffuses outward under the action of centrifugal force and enters the liquid storage chamber 88 through the opening 812; preferably, as Figure 6 As shown, the gap 815 and the cavity 812 are located on the same radial direction of the milling head 8. With this design, the coolant in the gap 815 diffuses radially outward under centrifugal force and directly enters the cavity 812, quickly entering the reservoir 88. The coolant flow is smooth and fast. Figure 6 As shown, the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a drain hole 818 that communicates with the liquid storage chamber 88, and the coolant entering the liquid storage chamber 88 is discharged from the drain hole 818.

[0083] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the sleeve includes an outer sleeve 82 and an inner sleeve 87. The inner sleeve 87 is located inside the outer sleeve 82. One axial end of the inner sleeve 87 is sealed and fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 82 or directly integrally formed. The other axial end of the inner sleeve 87 and the outer sleeve 82 together define the outlet 812. Figure 6 As shown, the inner wall of the outer sleeve 82 is concave inward, thus defining the liquid storage cavity 88 together with the inner sleeve 87. Furthermore, as... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a flow guide ring 89 is provided at the other axial end of the inner sleeve 87. The flow guide ring 89 and the outer sleeve 82 together define an outlet 812 that facilitates the smooth flow of coolant into the reservoir 88.

[0084] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the check ring 810 is located at the cavity opening 812 to prevent the coolant in the reservoir 88 from flowing out of the cavity opening 812. The check ring 810 has the function of unidirectionally guiding the flow of the cavity opening 812. The check ring 810 is made of a flexible material with a certain hardness, such as rubber. One side of the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side of the check ring 810 is sealed and fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 82 or the inner sleeve 87. The other side is tightly attached to the inner sleeve 87 or the outer sleeve 82 under the elastic force of the check ring 810 itself. The check ring 810 is normally closed, thereby blocking the cavity opening 812 and preventing the coolant in the reservoir 88 from flowing out of the cavity opening 812. When the coolant in the gap 815 diffuses outward and flows into the cavity opening 812 under the action of centrifugal force, the high-speed flowing coolant impacts the side of the check ring 810 that is tightly attached to the inner sleeve 87 or the outer sleeve 82, opening the check ring 810 and allowing the coolant to enter the reservoir 88. Preferably, the inner diameter side of the check ring 810 is sealed and fixedly connected to the drainage ring 89, and the outer diameter side is tightly attached to the inner wall of the liquid storage cavity 88.

[0085] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the gap 815 is cylindrical, the cavity 812 is annular, and the liquid storage cavity 88 is cylindrical.

[0086] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, at least two sealing rings 811 are respectively located on both sides of the cavity 812 and the gap 815. One sealing ring 811 is sealed and connected to the sleeve and bushing 83, and the other sealing ring 811 is sealed and connected to the sleeve and tool holder 813. The sealing rings 811 seal the cavity 812 and the gap 815 to prevent the coolant from leaking from the cavity 812 and the gap 815.

[0087] Preferably, the second channel 73, the first channel 823, the transmission flexible shaft 7, the second bushing 83, and the milling cutter 820 are coaxial. With this design, the coolant in the second channel 73 and the first channel 823 is subjected to less centrifugal force, and the milling head 8 and the transmission flexible shaft 7 are not affected by the centrifugal force of the coolant when they rotate at high speed, thus ensuring the dynamic stability of the milling head 8 and the transmission flexible shaft 7 and ensuring the milling quality.

[0088] Since the rail 2 is usually made of special steel such as high manganese steel, it has high strength, high hardness, strong wear resistance, and high milling resistance. Therefore, the milling cutter 820 is prone to overheating during operation. Accordingly, the rail end face treatment device of this embodiment adds a liquid cooling structure to force liquid cooling of the milling cutter 820, ensuring that the milling cutter 820 can smoothly mill the rail 2 and prevent the milling cutter 820 from overheating. The liquid cooling structure is distributed in the milling head 8, the transmission flexible shaft 7, and the shaft joint 9. The external coolant enters the inlet channel 95 through the inlet hole 96 and the annular shaft gap 98. Then, the coolant enters the channel 823 through the inlet channel 95 and the second channel 73. The coolant in the first channel 823 passes through the gap 815 and enters the cooling hole 821 in the milling cutter 820 to cool the milling cutter 820. The cooled coolant returns to the gap 815 and diffuses outward under the action of centrifugal force, passing through the cavity 812 and entering the storage cavity 88. Finally, the coolant flows out from the drain hole 818. The above is the cooling principle of the entire liquid cooling structure. Compared to air cooling, liquid cooling can effectively cool the cutting head, with a fast cooling speed and excellent cooling effect, ensuring the life of the 820 milling cutter and its long-term stable operation.

[0089] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drain hole 818 is connected to the return pipe 20, and a pump 21 is installed on the return pipe 20. The pump 21 draws coolant from the storage chamber 88, accelerating the flow of coolant in the milling head 8 and improving the cooling efficiency of the milling cutter 820. Furthermore, there are multiple drain holes 818. This design allows for smooth extraction of coolant from the storage chamber 88 without being affected by the rotation of the milling head 8 driven by the drive device 25. In this case, the multiple drain holes 818 are first interconnected through a drain pipe 819, and then the return pipe 20 is connected to the drain pipe 819, as shown. Figure 5 As shown.

[0090] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the return pipe 20 is connected to a cooling device 22, and the outlet pipe 23 of the cooling device 22 is connected to a storage tank 24. This design ensures that the coolant pumped by the pump 21 enters the cooling device 22 for cooling before flowing into the storage tank 24, achieving coolant recycling, saving energy and protecting the environment. It also prevents coolant from spilling onto the rail end face 35 and affecting subsequent welding operations. The cooling device 22 can be any existing device capable of cooling coolant.

[0091] In this embodiment, further, such as Figure 11As shown, the railcar is equipped with a lifting device 12, and a nut 13 is provided at the lower end of the lifting device 12. The railcar moves on the track so that the nut 13 is vertically coaxial with the rail spike 3. When the nut 13 is coaxial with the rail spike 3, the lifting device 12 pushes the nut 13 down to fit onto the rail spike 3, and then pushes the railcar up to separate it from the rail 2. The nut 13 is only axially sliding up and down on the screw head 5 of the rail spike 3. This design avoids torsional vibration of the transmission flexible shaft 7 and improves milling quality. Because the rail 2 vibrates during milling, the vibration is transmitted to the railcar, causing the drive device 16 to vibrate, which in turn causes torsional vibration of the transmission flexible shaft 7. Torsional vibration of the transmission flexible shaft 7 severely affects the milling accuracy and quality of the milling cutter 820. Therefore, using the lifting device 12 to lift the railcar and separate it from the rail 2 avoids the rail 2 transmitting vibration to the drive device 16, thereby avoiding torsional vibration of the transmission flexible shaft 7 and ensuring milling accuracy and quality. At this time, the moving mechanism can also drive the milling head 8 to move along the length of the track, adjusting the position of the milling head 8 so that it is located on the vertical plane where the track end face 35 is located, which facilitates subsequent milling operations. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the moving mechanism further includes an X-axis lateral movement device 29, which is mounted on the railcar. The Y-axis lateral movement device 28 is connected to the X-axis lateral movement device 29, and the X-axis lateral movement device 29 drives the Y-axis lateral movement device 28 to move along the length of the track. Further, as... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the Y-axis transverse movement device 28 is also provided with a guide post 30, which is connected to the railcar. The guide post 30 guides the transverse movement of the Y-axis transverse movement device 28, so that the X-axis transverse movement device 29 drives the Y-axis transverse movement device 28 to move smoothly along the length of the track, thereby improving the movement stability of the Y-axis transverse movement device 28.

[0092] Specifically, the lifting device 12 can be a linear actuator such as a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a linear motor. When the lifting device 12 uses a pneumatic cylinder, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the railcar is equipped with an air compressor 15, which provides a high-pressure air source for the cylinder.

[0093] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figures 10-13As shown, the railcar is equipped with a column 31 and a power supply 14. The power supply 14 provides power for the rail end face processing device. A roof truss 32 is installed at the upper end of the column 31, and a roof panel 33 is installed on the roof truss 32. A solar panel 34 is installed on the roof panel 33. This design can fully utilize solar energy to supplement the power supply 14, while cleverly using the roof panel 33 to provide rain protection. Moreover, lighting can be hung below the roof panel 33 to provide illumination for nighttime field operations. It can be seen that the rail end face processing device in this embodiment uses milling to process the end face where the rail joint is located. Compared with grinding, it can avoid generating a large amount of grinding powder, does not pollute the air environment, does not affect the health of workers, and can utilize solar energy to generate electricity, making it energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0094] In this embodiment, a flexible transmission shaft 7 is used to drive the milling head 8 to rotate. Compared to the method where the drive device 2 16 uses a rigid shaft directly connected to the milling head 8, this method offers two advantages: First, it allows for a wider rotation angle of the milling head 8 around the rail 2, eliminating concerns about the drive device 2 16 touching the sleeper 1 or ballast during the rotation of the milling head 8 around the rail 2, ensuring that the entire area of ​​the rail end face 35 is milled completely. Second, rotating the drive device 2 16 around the rail 2 during high-speed rotation can easily cause vibration in the drive device 2 16, affecting milling accuracy and quality.

[0095] In one specific embodiment, the milling cutter 820 has a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 50-60 mm. The rail gap width is generally 6-18 mm, so the 4 mm milling cutter 820 can extend into the rail gap. Furthermore, the length of the milling cutter 820 extending into the tool holder 813 is ≥15 mm, ensuring both rigidity and clamping strength. Simultaneously, the 50-60 mm long milling cutter 820 can meet the milling requirements of the rail end face 35 of most rail types 2. The cooling hole 821 has a diameter not exceeding 1.5 mm. The milling cutter 820 is made of cemented carbide or cubic boron nitride (CBN) material, coated with a TiAlN coating or a diamond coating (thermal conductivity ≥1000 W / m·K), and incorporates a 4-flute helical design to enhance heat dissipation and chip removal capabilities. During milling, the feed rate of the milling cutter 820 is ≤0.05 mm / tooth, and the rotational speed is ≤3000 rpm to avoid vibration.

[0096] Preferred, such as Figure 1 As shown, the railcar is equipped with a pair of milling heads 8. This design allows for the simultaneous milling of the rail end faces 35 of two rails 2, improving the efficiency of rail end face processing and making it very suitable for emergency track repair on railway lines with busy transport tasks.

[0097] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method for processing the track end face, wherein the following steps are performed using any of the track end face processing devices described above:

[0098] S1. Move the railcar on the track to the processing position close to the rail end face 35.

[0099] S2. Adjust the position of the milling head 8 by moving the mechanism so that the milling cutter 820 is located on the plane of the rail end face 35 inside the rail gap and is in contact with the rail end face 35.

[0100] S3. Start the drive device 2 16 to drive the milling head 8 to rotate, and control the moving mechanism to drive the milling head 8 to move on the plane where the rail end face 35 is located to mill the entire rail end face 35. During the milling process, the milling cutter 820 is simultaneously liquid cooled.

[0101] Furthermore, after the railcar in S1 moves to the processing position near the rail end face 35, the lifting device 12 is controlled to push the nut 13 down and insert it onto the nut head 5, thereby lifting the railcar and separating it from the rail 2. This design avoids torsional vibration of the transmission flexible shaft 7 and improves the milling quality.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Equivalent structural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are all included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A track end face processing device, characterized in that, include: A railcar is capable of moving forward or backward on a track. Both the drive unit and the moving mechanism are mounted on the railcar; The milling head is connected to the moving mechanism, which drives the milling head to move on the plane where the rail end face is located to mill the rail end face. A flexible transmission shaft has two ends connected to a second drive device and a milling head, respectively. The second drive device drives the milling head to rotate via the flexible transmission shaft. The moving mechanism includes: Y-axis transverse movement device, installed on the railcar; The lifting device is connected to the Y-axis transverse movement device, which drives the lifting device to move along the width of the track on the plane where the track end face is located. The third drive device is connected to the lifting device, which drives the third drive device to move up and down on the plane where the rail end face is located. The milling head is connected to the third drive device, which drives the milling head to rotate on the plane where the rail end face is located.

2. The track end face processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive shaft includes: The steel wire braided layer has multiple layers along the radial direction of the transmission flexible shaft, with adjacent layers spaced apart. An elastic damping layer is provided at least between two adjacent steel wire braided layers; The protective layer is located outside the outermost steel wire braided layer or elastic damping layer.

3. The track end face processing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission flexible shaft has a channel that runs through both ends of the transmission flexible shaft axially. One axial end of the transmission flexible shaft is connected to the second drive device via a shaft joint. The shaft connector includes: A bushing 1, one end of which is sealed and fixedly sleeved on the axial end of the transmission flexible shaft, and the other end of which is connected to the drive device 2. The drive device 2 drives the transmission flexible shaft to rotate through the bushing 1. A liquid inlet channel is provided inside the bushing 1, one end of which extends to the outer wall of the bushing 1, and the other end of which is connected to the channel 2. A retaining ring is sleeved on the outside of a bushing. The retaining ring has an inlet hole inside. One end of the inlet hole extends to the outer wall of the retaining ring, and the other end extends to the inner wall of the retaining ring. At least two sealing rings 2 are located between the fixed ring and the bushing 1, and are sealed to the fixed ring and the bushing 1. The bushing 1 and the fixed ring are sealed to rotate without contact through the sealing rings 2. Multiple sealing rings 2 are arranged at intervals, thereby defining an annular shaft gap between the bushing 1 and the fixed ring that is isolated from the outside. The annular shaft gap is connected to the liquid inlet channel and the liquid inlet hole. The milling head includes: The second bushing is sealed and fixedly fitted on the other axial end of the transmission flexible shaft. The second bushing has a channel, one end of which is connected to the second channel. The tool holder has a gap with the bushing two and is fixedly connected to the bushing two by a connecting pin. The other end of the channel one is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the bushing two. A milling cutter is fixedly mounted on a tool holder. The back end of the milling cutter is provided with a cooling hole. The cooling hole is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the bushing. The coolant ejected from the channel passes through the gap between the tool holder and the bushing and enters the cooling hole. A guide is provided in the cooling hole. The guide guides the coolant entering the cooling hole to flow to the bottom of the cooling hole first, and then flows out of the cooling hole and into the gap between the tool holder and the bushing. A sleeve is fitted around the second bushing and the tool holder, and is rotatably connected to the second bushing and the tool holder. The sleeve has a liquid storage chamber inside, and the liquid storage chamber has an opening. The opening is connected to the gap between the tool holder and the second bushing. When the milling head rotates, the coolant in the gap diffuses outward under the action of centrifugal force and enters the liquid storage chamber through the opening. The outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a drain hole that communicates with the liquid storage chamber. The sleeve is connected to the third drive device. At least two sealing rings are provided on both sides of the cavity opening and the gap. One sealing ring is connected to the sleeve and the bushing, and the other sealing ring is connected to the sleeve and the tool holder. The sealing rings prevent coolant from flowing out of the milling head. A check ring, located at the cavity opening, is used to prevent coolant in the reservoir from flowing out of the cavity opening.

4. The track end face processing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second channel, the first channel, the transmission flexible shaft, the second bushing, and the milling cutter are coaxial.

5. The track end face processing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet hole is connected to an inlet pipe, and the inlet pipe is connected to a storage tank. Coolant in the storage tank can enter the inlet hole through the inlet pipe.

6. The track end face processing device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The drain hole is connected to a return pipe, and a pump is installed on the return pipe to extract coolant from the storage chamber. The return pipe is connected to a cooling device, which is connected to a storage tank. The coolant drawn by the pump enters the cooling device for cooling and then flows into the storage tank.

7. The track end face processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The railcar is equipped with a lifting device, and the lower end of the lifting device is equipped with a nut. When the railcar moves on the track, the nut can be made coaxial with the rail spike. When the nut and the rail spike are coaxial, the lifting device pushes the nut down to fit onto the rail spike, and then pushes the railcar up to separate from the rail. The nut is only axially slidably fitted onto the rail spike.

8. The track end face processing device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The moving mechanism can also drive the milling head to move along the length of the track.

9. A method for treating the end face of a track, characterized in that, The following steps are performed using a track end face processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8: Move the railcar on the track to the processing position near the end face of the rail; Adjust the position of the milling head so that it is located on the plane of the rail end face; The second drive unit is activated to rotate the milling head, and the moving mechanism is controlled to move the milling head on the plane where the rail end face is located to mill the rail end face.

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