Temperature monitoring based battery pack temperature difference control method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a temperature difference control method and system for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring, and relates to the technical field of battery packs. A plurality of temperature difference data are determined according to a plurality of temperature data, heat generation positions and corresponding heat generation areas, a temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined according to a synthesis of the plurality of temperature difference data and a temperature distribution map, and an abnormal temperature difference area is marked, thereby improving the accuracy of the temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack. Therefore, a temperature difference control path is determined according to the position of the abnormal temperature difference area, the temperature difference data and the working state of the battery pack, a cooling flow path of a liquid cooling plate is determined based on the temperature difference control path and a cooling flow path distribution map of the liquid cooling plate, the heat generation amount is pre-increased according to the adjusted working state and the model of the battery pack, and the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate is triggered for autonomous regulation and control according to the pre-increased heat generation amount and the temperature difference control path, so that the adjustment of the working state of the battery pack is fully considered, and the temperature difference control effect of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of battery packs, and more particularly to a method and system for temperature difference control of battery packs based on temperature monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, battery packs are gradually being used in people's lives as power supply components for electronic devices. Battery packs output corresponding heat under different operating conditions, and different parts of the battery pack have different amounts of heat. Therefore, different parts of the battery pack have corresponding temperature data. In the existing technology, the battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and the corresponding temperature data is determined based on the temperature detection of the battery pack. The corresponding temperature difference data is determined based on the comparison of multiple temperature data. However, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is arranged in a single pattern, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate cannot be autonomously controlled, which affects the temperature difference control effect of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. This invention provides a method and system for temperature difference control of a battery pack based on temperature monitoring.

[0004] This invention provides a method for temperature difference control of a battery pack based on temperature monitoring, comprising:

[0005] The battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and its operating status is determined based on multiple operating data of the battery pack.

[0006] Multiple temperature data are determined based on the detection of various heat-generating areas of the battery pack, and a temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on the multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack.

[0007] Multiple temperature difference data are determined based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations, and corresponding heat generation areas. The temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by combining multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution maps, and abnormal temperature difference areas are marked.

[0008] The temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data, and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined, and the corresponding cooling medium is matched.

[0009] If the operating status of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted operating status is determined, the pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the adjusted operating status and the battery pack model, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is autonomously adjusted based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

[0010] This invention provides a temperature difference control system for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring. The temperature difference control system is applied to the aforementioned temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring. The temperature difference control system includes:

[0011] The working status module is used to determine the working status of the battery pack based on multiple working data of the battery pack when the liquid cooling plate is connected.

[0012] The temperature distribution map module is used to determine multiple temperature data based on the detection of various heat-generating areas of the battery pack, and to determine the temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack.

[0013] The temperature gradient map module is used to determine multiple temperature difference data based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations and corresponding heat generation areas, and to determine the temperature gradient map of the battery pack by combining multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution maps, and to mark abnormal temperature difference areas.

[0014] The cooling channel path module is used to determine the temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined and the corresponding cooling medium is matched.

[0015] The temperature difference control module is used to determine the adjusted operating state if the battery pack's operating state is adjusted, determine the pre-increased heat generation based on the adjusted operating state and the battery pack model, and trigger the autonomous adjustment of the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and its operating state is determined based on multiple operating data of the battery pack. Multiple temperature data points are determined based on the detection of various heat-generating areas of the battery pack. A temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on these multiple temperature data points, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack. Multiple temperature difference data points are determined based on these multiple temperature data points, heat-generating locations, and corresponding heat-generating areas. A temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by synthesizing these multiple temperature difference data points and the temperature distribution map, and abnormal temperature difference areas are marked. The introduction of the temperature distribution map enables the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data points and the temperature distribution map, improving the accuracy of the temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack and facilitating further control over the temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack.

[0018] Therefore, a temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data, and the battery pack's operating state. Based on this temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined, and the corresponding cooling medium is matched. If the battery pack's operating state is adjusted, the adjusted operating state is determined. The pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the adjusted operating state and the battery pack model. The pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path trigger the autonomous adjustment of the liquid cooling plate's cooling channel path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack. The introduction of the cooling channel path further controls the cooling channel path, fully considering the adjustment of the battery pack's operating state, and achieving autonomous adjustment of the liquid cooling plate's cooling channel path, thus improving the effectiveness of the battery pack's temperature difference control. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step S11 of the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating step S12 in the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating step S13 in the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating step S14 of the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating step S15 of the temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the temperature difference control system for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 7 A temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring is proposed, applied to scenarios involving temperature difference control of battery packs. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring includes:

[0028] Step S11: The battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and the working status is determined based on multiple working data of the battery pack;

[0029] Step S12: Determine multiple temperature data based on the detection of each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, and determine the temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on the multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack.

[0030] Step S13: Determine multiple temperature difference data based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations, and corresponding heat generation areas; determine the temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack based on the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution map; and mark abnormal temperature difference areas.

[0031] Step S14: Determine the temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, determine the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate and match the corresponding cooling medium.

[0032] Step S15: If the working state of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted working state is determined, the pre-increased heat generation is determined according to the adjusted working state and the model of the battery pack, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is autonomously adjusted according to the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

[0033] refer to Figure 2 In step S11, the battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and the working status is determined based on multiple working data of the battery pack.

[0034] In the specific implementation of this invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0035] S111: Collect the position of the battery pack, determine the liquid cooling plate based on the surrounding detection of the battery pack position, determine the connection method between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate based on the position of the battery pack and the position of the liquid cooling plate, mark the contact area between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate, and determine the thermal conductivity coefficient based on the material of the liquid cooling plate, the contact area and the model of the battery pack.

[0036] S112: Monitor the power supply process of the battery pack in real time, collect multiple working data and power loss of the battery pack, determine the first state coefficient based on the multiple working data and power loss, determine the second state coefficient based on the multiple working data and thermal conductivity coefficient, and determine the working state of the battery pack based on the mapping relationship between the first state coefficient, the second state coefficient and the working state.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, the position of the battery pack is collected, the liquid cooling plate is determined based on the surrounding detection of the battery pack position, the connection method between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate is determined based on the position of the battery pack and the position of the liquid cooling plate, and the contact area between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate is marked. The thermal conductivity coefficient is determined based on the material of the liquid cooling plate, the contact area and the model of the battery pack. This approach takes into account the overall consideration of the material of the liquid cooling plate, the contact area and the model of the battery pack, ensuring the accuracy of the thermal conductivity coefficient.

[0038] At this point, the specific installation location of the battery pack in the vehicle or equipment is determined to select a suitable liquid cooling plate and connection method. Sensors (such as position sensors, laser scanners, or vision recognition systems) are used to detect the installation location of the battery pack. The available space and installation environment around the battery pack are also assessed. Based on the shape and size of the battery pack, a suitable liquid cooling plate is selected. The liquid cooling plate needs to be in close contact with the battery pack to ensure good heat conduction. A suitable connection method is selected based on the shape, size, and installation environment of the battery pack and liquid cooling plate. Common connection methods include direct bonding, using thermal pads, bolting, or welding.

[0039] Optionally, assuming the battery pack is installed in the center of the electric vehicle's chassis, the center point coordinates of the battery pack can be accurately measured as (1500mm, 0mm, 100mm) using a position sensor on the vehicle chassis. This indicates that the battery pack is 1500mm from the front axle, located on the vehicle's centerline, and 100mm from the ground. The battery pack is rectangular, with dimensions of 1000mm × 500mm × 200mm. Inspection revealed sufficient space around the battery pack for installing a liquid cooling plate. A liquid cooling plate matching the battery pack's dimensions (1000mm × 500mm × 50mm) was selected, completely covering the bottom and sides of the battery pack. Due to the good size match between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate, a direct attachment method was chosen. A layer of thermally conductive silicone grease was applied between the bottom of the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate to improve heat transfer efficiency. Simultaneously, bolts were used to secure the liquid cooling plate to the battery pack to ensure mechanical stability.

[0040] Calculate the effective area for heat conduction to facilitate subsequent calculations of thermal conductivity. Measure the actual contact area between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate. Considering potential gaps or incomplete contact, the actual contact area may be smaller than the theoretical area. Evaluate the heat conduction efficiency between the liquid cooling plate and the battery pack. The material of the liquid cooling plate (e.g., aluminum, copper) affects heat conduction performance; a larger contact area results in higher heat conduction efficiency. The battery pack model determines its heat generation characteristics (e.g., power density, heat generation). Calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient (K) using the formula:

[0041]

[0042] Where: A is the bonding area (unit: mm) 2 k is the thermal conductivity of the liquid cooling plate material (unit: W / (m·K)); d is the thickness of the liquid cooling plate (unit: mm);

[0043] Specifically, the liquid cooling plate is made of aluminum with a thermal conductivity of k = 237 W / (m·K) and a bonding area of ​​A = 480000 mm². 2 =0.48m 2 The thickness of the liquid cooling plate is d = 50mm = 0.05m, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is K:

[0044]

[0045] This coefficient indicates that the liquid cooling plate can conduct 2289.6 W / K of heat per unit temperature difference.

[0046] Furthermore, the power supply process of the battery pack is monitored in real time, and multiple operating data and energy loss of the battery pack are collected. A first state coefficient is determined based on multiple operating data and energy loss. A second state coefficient is determined based on multiple operating data and thermal conductivity coefficient. The operating state of the battery pack is determined based on the mapping relationship between the first state coefficient, the second state coefficient and the operating state. This comprehensive consideration of the first state coefficient, the second state coefficient and the operating state mapping relationship ensures the accuracy of the operating state of the battery pack.

[0047] At this point, detailed operating data of the battery pack during actual operation is acquired to analyze its working status. Sensors and data acquisition systems are used to monitor the power supply process of the battery pack in real time. Key data collected include: Voltage (V): the output voltage of the battery pack; Current (I): the charging and discharging current of the battery pack; Temperature (T): the internal and surface temperature of the battery pack; SOC (State of Charge): the remaining capacity of the battery pack; SOH (State of Health): the health status of the battery pack. Based on the collected voltage and current data, the power output of the battery pack (P = V × I) is calculated, and the energy loss is calculated. This is usually determined by monitoring the difference between the input and output power of the battery pack. Energy loss can be expressed as heat loss and is usually calculated using the following formula:

[0048] P loss =I 2 ×R

[0049] Specifically, the internal resistance of the battery pack is R = 0.02Ω; the current is I = 50A; the calculated energy loss is Ploss = 502 × 0.02 = 50W, which means that the battery pack loses 50 joules of heat per second under the current operating conditions.

[0050] The first state coefficient (C1) is determined based on multiple operating data and energy loss to assess the current workload and energy conversion efficiency of the battery pack. The first state coefficient can be expressed as the ratio of the battery pack's power output to its energy loss.

[0051]

[0052] Where Poutput = V × I;

[0053] Optionally, the current voltage V = 12.5V, current I = 50A; power output: Poutput = 12.5 × 50 = 625W; energy loss Ploss = 50W; calculate the first state coefficient: C1 = 625 / 50 = 12.5. This coefficient indicates that the power output of the battery pack is 12.5 times the energy loss, reflecting the high efficiency of the battery pack.

[0054] The second state coefficient (C2) is determined based on multiple operating data and thermal conductivity coefficient to evaluate the thermal management status of the battery pack, i.e., whether heat is effectively controlled. The second state coefficient (C2) can be expressed as the ratio of the battery pack's power output to its thermal conductivity coefficient.

[0055]

[0056] Where K is the thermal conductivity coefficient (unit: W / K)

[0057] Optionally, assume that the thermal conductivity coefficient K = 2289.6 W / K calculated in step S111; the power output P output =625W; Calculate the second state coefficient: C2 = 625 / 2289.6 ≈ 0.273. This coefficient represents the relative relationship between the power output of the battery pack and the heat conduction effect. The smaller the value, the better the thermal management effect.

[0058] The operating state of the battery pack is determined based on the first state coefficient, the second state coefficient, and the operating state mapping relationship. The current operating state of the battery pack is comprehensively evaluated, including energy conversion efficiency and thermal management status. An operating state mapping relationship is established, associating the state coefficient with specific operating states (such as normal, overheating, overcooling, overload, etc.). For example, the following mapping relationship can be set: C1>10 and C2<0.3: normal operating state; C1<10: low energy conversion efficiency (possibly overloaded); C2>0.3: poor thermal management effect (possibly overheated).

[0059] Under the current conditions: the first state coefficient C1 = 12.5, indicating high energy conversion efficiency; the second state coefficient C2 ≈ 0.273, indicating good thermal management; according to the mapping relationship, the battery pack is in normal working condition.

[0060] refer to Figure 3 In step S12, multiple temperature data are determined based on the detection of each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, and a temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on the multiple temperature data, the heat-generating location, and the three-dimensional model of the battery pack.

[0061] In the specific implementation of this invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0062] S121: Based on the heat detection of the battery pack, mark each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack. In each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, determine multiple heat-generating location points based on the detection of each heat-generating area. Determine the corresponding temperature data based on the temperature detection of multiple heat-generating location points, so as to collect multiple temperature data.

[0063] S122: Match the positions of multiple heating points with the corresponding temperature data, and use the position of the heating point as the heating position of the temperature data. Determine the first sub-temperature distribution map based on multiple temperature data and the corresponding heating position.

[0064] S123: Collect a 3D model of the battery pack, and determine the distribution map of the heating surface of the battery pack based on the detection of the 3D model of the battery pack; determine a second sub-temperature distribution map based on the distribution map of the heating surface and multiple temperature data, and determine the temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on the synthesis of the first sub-temperature distribution map and the second sub-temperature distribution map.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack is marked based on the heat detection of the battery pack. In each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, multiple heat-generating location points are determined based on the detection of each heat-generating area. The corresponding temperature data is determined based on the temperature detection of multiple heat-generating location points, so as to collect multiple temperature data. This approach takes into account the overall consideration of temperature detection of multiple heat-generating location points and ensures the accuracy of the corresponding temperature data.

[0066] At this point, a thermal imager or temperature sensor array is used to scan the battery pack. Based on the temperature change gradient or temperature threshold, each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack is marked. Within each heat-generating area, the heat-generating locations are further refined to collect temperature data more accurately. Multiple temperature sensors are evenly distributed within each heat-generating area to detect the temperature at each location and collect temperature data for each heat-generating location. This provides the basic data for subsequent temperature distribution mapping. The temperature data detected by each sensor is recorded to ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the data.

[0067] Specifically, a high-resolution thermal imager is selected to ensure accurate detection of the temperature distribution on the battery pack surface. The scanning range of the thermal imager is set to cover the entire battery pack surface, and a temperature threshold (e.g., 35°C) is set. Areas exceeding this temperature are marked as heat-generating areas. The thermal image is saved as a digital file for subsequent analysis. Image processing software (such as MATLAB or Python's OpenCV library) is used to analyze the thermal image. Based on the temperature threshold, areas with higher temperatures are marked, and each heat-generating area is assigned an identifier (e.g., area A, area B, area C). Multiple temperature sensors are evenly distributed according to the size and shape of the heat-generating areas, and the coordinate position of each sensor is recorded to ensure the accuracy of subsequent data. At the same time, high-precision temperature sensors (such as thermistors or thermocouples) are selected, and a data acquisition system (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi) is used to acquire temperature data in real time. The acquired temperature data is recorded in a database or file for subsequent analysis. The temperature data of each sensor is matched with its corresponding coordinates using a real-time data acquisition system to ensure the real-time nature of the data. The acquired data is stored in a database or file for subsequent analysis.

[0068] Optionally, assume there are three main heat-generating areas inside the battery pack: Area A: near the center of the battery pack; Area B: near the upper left corner of the battery pack; Area C: near the lower right corner of the battery pack. Using a thermal imager to scan the battery pack, the following areas with high temperatures are found: Area A: temperature range of 38℃ to 42℃; Area B: temperature range of 35℃ to 37℃; Area C: temperature range of 34℃ to 36℃. Mark these areas on the thermal image for further testing.

[0069] In area A, five temperature sensors are arranged, labeled A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5; in area B, four temperature sensors are arranged, labeled B1, B2, B3, and B4; and in area C, three temperature sensors are arranged, labeled C1, C2, and C3. The specific locations of the sensors are as follows:

[0070] Region A: A1: coordinates (100,100,0); A2: coordinates (150,100,0); A3: coordinates (200,100,0); A4: coordinates (250,100,0); A5: coordinates (300,100,0); Region B: B1: coordinates (50,200,0); B2: coordinates (100,200,0); B3: coordinates (150,200,0); B4: coordinates (200,200,0); Region C: C1: coordinates (350,300,0); C2: coordinates (400,300,0); C3: coordinates (450,300,0);

[0071] The temperature data detected by the sensor are as follows: Area A: A1: 38℃; A2: 39℃; A3: 40℃; A4: 39℃; A5: 38℃; Area B: B1: 35℃; B2: 36℃; B3: 37℃; B4: 36℃; Area C: C1: 34℃; C2: 35℃; C3: 36℃.

[0072] Furthermore, the locations of multiple heating points are matched with the corresponding temperature data, and the location of the heating point is taken as the heating location of the temperature data. The first sub-temperature distribution map is determined based on multiple temperature data and corresponding heating locations, which takes into account the overall consideration of multiple temperature data and corresponding heating locations, and ensures the accuracy of the first sub-temperature distribution map.

[0073] At this point, the coordinates of each heating location are associated with its temperature data, providing a data foundation for subsequent temperature distribution map drawing. For each heating location, its three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) are recorded, and the coordinates of each location are matched with the corresponding temperature data to clarify the specific location of each temperature data point, providing accurate geographic information for subsequent temperature distribution map drawing. The coordinates of each heating location are used as "labels" for the temperature data, ensuring that each temperature value is associated with a specific location. Based on the matched temperature data and location information, the first sub-temperature distribution map is generated. In the first sub-temperature distribution map, the temperature distribution of the battery pack on the XY plane is displayed. Each measurement point (black dot) represents a heating location, and its color represents the temperature at that point. The temperature distribution map is generated by interpolation, showing the continuous change of temperature at different locations.

[0074] Optionally, discrete temperature data can be extended into a continuous temperature distribution map using interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.). Software tools (such as MATLAB, Python's matplotlib library, etc.) can be used for interpolation and plotting.

[0075] At this point, common interpolation algorithms include linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and Kriging interpolation. The appropriate algorithm should be selected based on the characteristics and requirements of the data. Linear interpolation is suitable for situations with few data points and a relatively uniform distribution; spline interpolation is suitable for situations requiring smooth curves; Kriging interpolation is suitable for geographic data and can consider spatial correlation. The coordinates and temperature data of each sensor are stored using a dictionary or list, and grid points are generated for further interpolation. A suitable interpolation method (such as linear, cubic, etc.) is selected, and matplotlib is used for plotting. Contourf is used to draw isotherm plots. In the first sub-temperature distribution plot, the temperature distribution of the battery pack on the XY plane is shown. Each measurement point (black dot) represents a heating location, and its color indicates the temperature at that point. The temperature distribution plot is generated through interpolation, showing the continuous change of temperature at different locations.

[0076] Therefore, a three-dimensional model of the battery pack is acquired, and the distribution map of the heating surface of the battery pack is determined based on the detection of the three-dimensional model of the battery pack. A second sub-temperature distribution map is determined based on the distribution map of the heating surface and multiple temperature data. The temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on the synthesis of the first sub-temperature distribution map and the second sub-temperature distribution map. This overall consideration of the synthesis of the first sub-temperature distribution map and the second sub-temperature distribution map is taken into account, ensuring the accuracy of the temperature distribution map of the battery pack.

[0077] At this point, the three-dimensional structural information of the battery pack is acquired to more accurately describe the temperature distribution. A 3D scanner or CAD model is used to obtain a three-dimensional model of the battery pack, ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the model, including the external dimensions and internal structure of the battery pack. The distribution of the heating surfaces of the battery pack is determined, providing a basis for subsequent temperature distribution map drawing. The surface of the three-dimensional model is analyzed, and possible heating surfaces are marked. Typically, the bottom and sides of the battery pack are the main heating surfaces. Combining the heating surface distribution map and temperature data, a second sub-temperature distribution map is generated. The temperature data of each heating location point is mapped to the corresponding heating surface. Interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.) are used to expand the discrete temperature data into a continuous temperature distribution map.

[0078] Specifically, each step requires detailed design and adherence to corresponding logic to output a concrete solution. This involves a comprehensive scan of the battery pack to ensure model accuracy and integrity, converting the scanned or modeled data into a 3D model file (e.g., STL format), analyzing the model's surface using 3D modeling software (e.g., SolidWorks, Blender), marking key heating surfaces such as the bottom and sides, recording the location and extent of each heating surface, matching temperature data with the coordinates of the heating surfaces, generating a continuous temperature distribution map using interpolation algorithms, plotting the map using tools like matplotlib or Mayavi, generating a second sub-temperature distribution map, mapping the temperature data of each heating point onto the corresponding heating surface, and using interpolation methods (e.g., linear interpolation, spline interpolation) to expand the discrete temperature data into a continuous temperature distribution map.

[0079] Optionally, assuming the battery pack's 3D model is a cuboid with dimensions of 1000mm × 500mm × 200mm, a 3D scanner is used to scan the battery pack, generating a detailed 3D model file (such as STL format). The 3D model of the battery pack is assumed to be as follows: Heating surface 1: Bottom, 1000mm × 500mm; Heating surface 2: Left side, 1000mm × 200mm; Heating surface 3: Right side, 1000mm × 200mm; Heating surface 4... Front side, dimensions 500mm × 200mm; Heating surface 5: Rear side, dimensions 500mm × 200mm. Mark these heating surfaces in the 3D model to generate a heating surface distribution map. Assume we have already marked the following heating locations and their temperature data (consistent with the data in steps S121 and S122): Region A: A1 (coordinates: 100, 100, 0): 38℃; A2 (coordinates: 150, 100, 0): 39℃; A3 (coordinates: 200, 100, 0): 39℃; A4 (coordinates: 250, 100, 0): 40℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, 100, 0): 39℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, 100, 0): 38℃; Region B: B1 (coordinates: 50, 200, 0): 35℃; B2 (coordinates: 100, 200, 0): 36℃; B3 (coordinates: 150, 200, 0): 37℃; B4 (coordinates: 200, 200, 0): 36℃; Region C: C1 (coordinates: 350, 300, 0): 34℃; C2 (Coordinates: 400, 300, 0): 35℃; C3 (Coordinates: 450, 300, 0): 36℃; Map these data onto the heating surfaces: Heating surface 1 (bottom): Contains all points in region A; Heating surface 2 (left): Contains some points in region B; Heating surface 3 (right): Contains some points in region C; Heating surface 4 (front): Assuming no obvious heating points; Heating surface 5 (back): Assuming no obvious heating points, use interpolation to generate the second sub-temperature distribution map:

[0080] The first and second sub-temperature distribution maps are combined to obtain a complete battery pack temperature distribution map. The two sub-temperature distribution maps are superimposed to ensure the consistency and continuity of the temperature data. Image processing tools or numerical calculation methods can be used for synthesis. The generated temperature distribution map is as follows: The figure shows the temperature distribution of the battery pack on the XY plane. Each measurement point (black dot) represents a heat source point, and its color represents the temperature at that point. The temperature distribution map is generated by interpolation and shows the continuous change of temperature at different locations.

[0081] Specifically, assuming the first and second sub-temperature distribution maps both have a grid range and resolution of 500x350 units and a grid point count of 100x100, the temperature data of the two sub-maps are extracted. The temperature difference between the two sub-maps in the overlapping area is calculated. Points with differences exceeding a certain threshold are adjusted, for example, by taking the average temperature of the two sub-maps. Image processing tools (such as OpenCV) or numerical calculation methods (such as NumPy) are used to synthesize the data. NumPy array operations are used to synthesize the temperature data of the two sub-maps. Matplotlib is used to generate a temperature distribution map, displaying the location and temperature of each measurement point. The generated temperature distribution map is as follows: The figure shows the temperature distribution of the battery pack on the XY plane. Each measurement point (black dot) represents a heat source point, and its color represents the temperature of that point. The temperature distribution map is generated by interpolation, showing the continuous change of temperature at different locations.

[0082] Optionally, the first and second sub-temperature distribution maps can be combined using a predefined temperature distribution map matching table, as shown in Table 1:

[0083] Table 1: Temperature Distribution Map Matching Table

[0084] area First sub-temperature distribution map Second sub-temperature distribution map Final temperature distribution map Area A 38℃-40℃ 38℃-40℃ 38℃-40℃ Area B 35℃-37℃ 35℃-37℃ 35℃-37℃ Area C 34℃-36℃ 34℃-36℃ 34℃-36℃

[0085] Assuming that the temperature ranges of the first and second sub-temperature distribution maps are the same, the average value of the two is directly taken as the final temperature distribution map, which is as follows: Region A: 38℃-40℃; Region B: 35℃-37℃; Region C: 34℃-36℃.

[0086] refer to Figure 4 In step S13, multiple temperature difference data are determined based on multiple temperature data, heat generation location and corresponding heat generation area, and a temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined based on the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution map, and abnormal temperature difference areas are marked.

[0087] In the specific implementation of this invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0088] S131: Real-time monitoring of each heating area, marking multiple temperature data and corresponding heating locations within each heating area; determining the relative distance based on the comparison of two adjacent heating locations, and determining the corresponding temperature difference data based on the relative distance and the corresponding temperature data. At this time, multiple temperature difference data are available in each heating area.

[0089] S132: In each heat-generating area, a sub-temperature difference gradient map corresponding to the heat-generating area is determined based on multiple temperature difference data and the regional distribution map of the heat-generating area. The temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by combining multiple sub-temperature difference gradient maps and the temperature distribution map of the battery pack.

[0090] S133: In the temperature gradient map, multiple abnormal temperature difference data are determined by matching multiple temperature difference data with the preset abnormal temperature difference range, and the abnormal temperature difference area is determined by the multiple abnormal temperature difference data and the corresponding heat generation location.

[0091] In the embodiments of this application, each heating area is monitored in real time. In each heating area, multiple temperature data and corresponding heating positions are marked. The relative distance between two adjacent heating positions is determined by comparing them, and the corresponding temperature difference data is determined based on the relative distance and the corresponding temperature data. At this time, there are multiple temperature difference data in each heating area, which takes into account the overall consideration of relative distance and corresponding temperature data, and ensures the accuracy of the corresponding temperature difference data.

[0092] At this point, the heat-generating areas of the battery pack are continuously monitored to ensure timely acquisition of temperature change information. Temperature data of each heat-generating area is collected in real time using a temperature sensor array. The coordinates and corresponding temperature values ​​of each heat-generating point are recorded to clarify the specific location of each temperature data point, providing a basis for subsequent temperature difference calculation. Each temperature data point is matched with the coordinates of the corresponding heat-generating point to calculate the temperature difference between adjacent heat-generating points, providing data for subsequent temperature difference gradient plotting. The Euclidean distance between adjacent heat-generating points is calculated, and the temperature difference between adjacent points is also calculated.

[0093] Specifically, select a high-precision temperature sensor array and use a data acquisition system (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi) to collect temperature data in real time. Record the collected temperature data and corresponding coordinates into a database or file. Use a dictionary or list to store the coordinates and temperature data of each sensor. Match the temperature data of each sensor with its corresponding coordinates and calculate the temperature difference between adjacent heating points. Temperature difference calculation: Use the formula ΔT = T2 - T1 to calculate the temperature difference between adjacent points; calculate the Euclidean distance between adjacent heating points. Distance calculation: Calculate the Euclidean distance between adjacent points.

[0094] Optionally, assume we have the following heating areas and temperature data: Area A: A1 (coordinates: 100, 100, 0): 38℃; A2 (coordinates: 150, 100, 0): 39℃; A3 (coordinates: 200, 100, 0): 40℃; A4 (coordinates: 250, 100, 0): 39℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, 100, 0): 38℃; Area B: B1 (coordinates: 50, 200, 0): 35℃; B2 (coordinates: 100, 100, 0): 39℃; A3 (coordinates: 200, 100, 0): 39℃; A4 (coordinates: 250, 100, 0): 39℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, 100, 0): 38℃; Area B: B1 (coordinates: 50, 200, 0): 35℃; B2 (coordinates: 100, 100, 0): 39℃; A2 (coordinates: 150, 100, 0): 39℃; A3 (coordinates: 200, 100, 0): 39℃; A4 (coordinates: 250, 100, 0): 39℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, 100, 0): 38℃; Area B: B1 (coordinates: 50, 200, 0): 39℃; A3 (coordinates: 200, 100, 0): 39℃; A4 (coordinates: 250, 100, 0): 39℃; A5 (coordinates: 300, B3 (coordinates: 150, 200, 0): 36℃; B4 (coordinates: 200, 200, 0): 37℃; C1 (coordinates: 350, 300, 0): 34℃; C2 (coordinates: 400, 300, 0): 35℃; C3 (coordinates: 450, 300, 0): 36℃. Each temperature data point is matched with its corresponding heating location coordinates, and a data matching table is output, as shown in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2 Data Matching Table

[0096] Heating location Coordinates (X, Y, Z) Temperature (°C) A1 (100,100,0) 38 A2 (150,100,0) 39 A3 (200,100,0) 40 A4 (250,100,0) 39 A5 (300,100,0) 38 B1 (50,200,0) 35 B2 (100,200,0) 36 B3 (150,200,0) 37 B4 (200,200,0) 36 C1 (350,300,0) 34 C2 (400,300,0) 35 C3 (450,300,0) 36

[0097] For region A: the distance between A1 and A2:

[0098]

[0099] Temperature difference: 39-38 = 1℃;

[0100] The distance between A2 and A3:

[0101]

[0102] Temperature difference: 40-39 = 1℃;

[0103] The distance between A3 and A4:

[0104]

[0105] Temperature difference: 39-40 = -1℃

[0106] The distance between A4 and A5:

[0107]

[0108] Temperature difference: 38-39 = -1℃; similarly, the same applies to regions B and C.

[0109] Furthermore, in each heat-generating area, a sub-temperature difference gradient map corresponding to that heat-generating area is determined based on multiple temperature difference data and the regional distribution map of the heat-generating area. The temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by combining multiple sub-temperature difference gradient maps and the temperature distribution map of the battery pack. This approach takes into account the overall consideration of combining multiple sub-temperature difference gradient maps and the temperature distribution map of the battery pack, ensuring the accuracy of the temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack.

[0110] At this point, a sub-temperature gradient map is generated for each heat-generating region. This sub-temperature gradient map serves as a local temperature gradient map, reflecting the gradient of temperature changes within the region. Interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.) are used to extend the discrete temperature difference data into a continuous temperature gradient map. Based on the distribution map of the heat-generating regions, it is ensured that the interpolation is performed within the region.

[0111] Optionally, assume that we have already calculated the following temperature difference data (from step S131);

[0112] Region A: Temperature difference between A1 and A2: 1℃; Temperature difference between A2 and A3: 1℃; Temperature difference between A3 and A4: -1℃; Temperature difference between A4 and A5: -1℃; Region B: Temperature difference between B1 and B2: 1℃; Temperature difference between B2 and B3: 1℃; Temperature difference between B3 and B4: -1℃; Region C: Temperature difference between C1 and C2: 1℃; Temperature difference between C2 and C3: 1℃, to generate sub-temperature gradient maps for Regions A, B, and C.

[0113] The sub-temperature gradient maps of all heating areas are synthesized to obtain a complete battery pack temperature gradient map. All sub-temperature gradient maps are superimposed to ensure data consistency and continuity. The temperature distribution map of the battery pack is used as a reference to ensure that the synthesized temperature gradient map is consistent with the actual temperature distribution. The generated temperature gradient map shows the temperature distribution of the battery pack in the XY plane. Each measurement point (black dot) represents a heating location, and its color represents the temperature difference at that point. The temperature gradient map is generated by interpolation, showing the continuous change of temperature difference at different locations.

[0114] Therefore, in the temperature gradient map, multiple abnormal temperature difference data are determined by matching multiple temperature difference data with a preset abnormal temperature difference range. The abnormal temperature difference region is determined based on the multiple abnormal temperature difference data and the corresponding heat generation location. This overall consideration of multiple abnormal temperature difference data and the corresponding heat generation location ensures the accuracy of the abnormal temperature difference region. At the same time, a temperature distribution map is introduced to realize the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution map, which improves the accuracy of the temperature gradient map of the battery pack, so as to further control the temperature gradient map of the battery pack.

[0115] At this point, areas where the temperature difference exceeds the normal range are identified for further analysis or to take measures. An abnormal temperature difference range is preset (e.g., a temperature difference greater than 2℃ or less than -2℃). The temperature difference gradient map is traversed, and points where the temperature difference exceeds the range are marked. The areas where the abnormal temperature difference data is located are determined for targeted processing. The location of the abnormal temperature difference data is matched with the distribution map of the heat generation area, and the heat generation area containing the abnormal temperature difference data is marked.

[0116] refer to Figure 5 In step S14, the temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, the temperature difference data and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined and the corresponding cooling medium is matched.

[0117] In the specific implementation of this invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0118] S141: Real-time monitoring of abnormal temperature difference areas, marking the corresponding temperature difference data in the abnormal temperature difference areas, and determining the first sub-temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference areas and the temperature difference data.

[0119] S142: Determine the second sub-temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area and the working state of the battery pack, and determine the temperature difference control path based on the matching of the first sub-temperature difference control path and the second sub-temperature difference control path;

[0120] S143: Based on the detection of the temperature difference control path, multiple temperature control nodes are determined. The cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate is determined according to the cooling flow distribution diagram of the multiple temperature control nodes and the liquid cooling plate. The corresponding cooling coefficient is determined according to the temperature difference data and temperature data corresponding to the multiple temperature control nodes. The corresponding cooling medium is determined according to the matching of the multiple cooling coefficients.

[0121] In the embodiments of this application, abnormal temperature difference areas are monitored in real time, and the corresponding temperature difference data is marked in the abnormal temperature difference areas. The first sub-temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference areas and the temperature difference data. This takes into account the overall consideration of the location of the abnormal temperature difference areas and the temperature difference data, and ensures the accuracy of the first sub-temperature difference control path.

[0122] At this point, continuous monitoring of abnormal temperature difference areas is conducted to ensure timely acquisition of temperature change information. A temperature sensor array is used to collect temperature data in abnormal temperature difference areas in real time, marking the location and corresponding temperature difference data of each abnormal temperature difference area. This clarifies the specific temperature difference data of each abnormal temperature difference area, providing a basis for subsequent temperature difference control. Each abnormal temperature difference data is matched with the coordinates of the corresponding heating point. Based on the location and temperature difference data of the abnormal temperature difference area, the first sub-temperature difference control path is generated. At this point, based on the distribution of abnormal temperature difference data, the path that needs to be focused on is determined. Typically, areas with larger temperature differences are selected as the focus of the control path.

[0123] Optionally, assuming we have identified the following abnormal temperature difference regions (from step S133): (2,3,3.0); (2,4,3.5); (3,2,3.0); (3,3,3.5); (3,4,4.0); (4,1,3.0); (4,2,3.5); (4,3,4.0); (4,4,4.5); match each abnormal temperature difference data with the corresponding heat source coordinates to collect an abnormal temperature difference region matching table, as shown in Table 3.

[0124] Table 3. Matching Table for Abnormal Temperature Difference Zones

[0125] Abnormal temperature difference area Coordinates (X, Y) Temperature difference (°C) Area B (2,3) 3.0 Area B (2,4) 3.5 Area B (3,2) 3.0 Area B (3,3) 3.5 Area B (3,4) 4.0 Area B (4,1) 3.0 Area B (4,2) 3.5 Area B (4,3) 4.0 Area B (4,4) 4.5

[0126] Suppose we select points with a temperature difference greater than 3.5℃ as the key points of the control path: (2,4,3.5); (3,3,3.5); (3,4,4.0); (4,2,3.5); (4,3,4.0); (4,4,4.5); The first sub-temperature difference control path can be represented as: First sub-temperature difference control path = [(2,4),(3,3),(3,4),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4)].

[0127] Furthermore, a second sub-temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area and the working state of the battery pack. The temperature difference control path is then determined based on the matching of the first and second sub-temperature difference control paths, taking into account the overall consideration of matching the first and second sub-temperature difference control paths, thus ensuring the accuracy of the temperature difference control path.

[0128] At this point, based on the operating status of the battery pack, a second sub-temperature difference control path is generated to ensure the comprehensiveness of the control path. The operating status of the battery pack (such as charging and discharging current, voltage, SOC, etc.) is analyzed, and the temperature difference control path is adjusted according to the operating status to ensure that the path covers the critical areas.

[0129] Optionally, assume the battery pack is operating as follows: charging / discharging current: 50A; voltage: 12.5V; SOC: 70%; adjust the temperature difference control path according to the operating state to ensure coverage of the high load area: (2,3,3.0); (2,4,3.5); (3,2,3.0); (3,3,3.5); (3,4,4.0); (4,1,3.0); (4,2,3.5); (4,3,4.0); (4,4,4.5); the second sub-temperature difference control path can be expressed as: second sub-temperature difference control path = [(2,3),(2,4),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4)].

[0130] The two sub-temperature difference control paths are combined to generate the final temperature difference control path. The first and second sub-temperature difference control paths are matched to ensure path continuity and coverage. The combined temperature difference control path can be represented as: Temperature Difference Control Path

[0131] =[(2,3),(2,4),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4)].

[0132] Therefore, multiple temperature control nodes are determined based on the detection of the temperature difference control path. The cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined according to the cooling channel distribution diagram of the multiple temperature control nodes and the liquid cooling plate. The corresponding cooling coefficient is determined according to the temperature difference data and temperature data corresponding to the multiple temperature control nodes. The corresponding cooling medium is determined according to the matching of multiple cooling coefficients. This overall consideration of matching multiple cooling coefficients ensures the accuracy of the corresponding cooling medium.

[0133] At this point, by using the temperature difference control path, areas requiring key control are identified. Temperature difference data and location information along the control path are analyzed, and points with large temperature differences or critical locations are selected as temperature control nodes. The key locations requiring temperature control are clearly defined, and the location and corresponding temperature difference data of each temperature control node are marked. The cooling channel layout of the liquid cooling plate is understood to facilitate cooling path design. Using the design drawings or CAD models of the liquid cooling plate, a distribution diagram of the cooling channels is obtained. Based on the temperature control nodes, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is designed to ensure that the cooling channels cover all temperature control nodes. The path is optimized to improve cooling efficiency. Based on the temperature difference and temperature data, the cooling coefficient of each temperature control node is calculated. Different cooling media are selected based on the range of the cooling coefficient: for example, cooling coefficient < 0.09: use a coolant with low thermal conductivity (such as a water-glycol mixture); 0.09 ≤ cooling coefficient < 0.1: use a coolant with medium thermal conductivity (such as synthetic oil); cooling coefficient ≥ 0.1: use a coolant with high thermal conductivity (such as liquid metal).

[0134] Specifically, assuming the temperature difference control path is as follows (from step S142): Temperature difference control path = [(2,3),(2,4),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4)]; corresponding temperature difference data: (2,3): 3.0℃; (2,4): 3.5℃; (3,2): 3.0℃; (3,3): 3.5℃; (3,4): 4.0℃; (4,1): 3.0℃; (4,2): 3.5℃; (4,3): 4.0℃; (4,4): 4.5℃; select points with a temperature difference greater than 3.5℃ as temperature control nodes: (2,4); (3,3); (3,4); (4,2); (4,3); (4,4); collect the temperature control node matching table, which is shown in Table 4:

[0135] Table 4 Temperature Control Node Matching Table

[0136] Coordinates (X, Y) Temperature difference (°C) (2,4) 3.5 (3,3) 3.5 (3,4) 4.0 (4,2) 3.5 (4,3) 4.0 (4,4) 4.5

[0137] Assume the cooling channel distribution of the liquid cooling plate is as follows: Channel 1: covers (2,4) and (3,3); Channel 2: covers (3,4) and (4,2); Channel 3: covers (4,3) and (4,4); Based on the temperature control nodes, determine the cooling channel path: Nodes (2,4) and (3,3) use channel 1; Nodes (3,4) and (4,2) use channel 2; Nodes (4,3) and (4,4) use channel 3; Cooling channel path = [channel 1, channel 2, channel 3].

[0138] Based on the temperature difference and temperature data, calculate the cooling coefficient for each temperature control node using the formula: Cooling coefficient = Temperature difference / Temperature. Assume the temperature data for the temperature control nodes are as follows: (2,4): 40℃; (3,3): 40℃; (3,4): 42℃; (4,2): 40℃; (4,3): 42℃; (4,4): 45℃. Calculate the cooling coefficients: (2,4): = 0.0875; (3,3): = 0.0875; (3,4) ≈ 0.0952; (4,2) = 0.0875; (4,3) ≈ 0.0952; (4,4) = 0.1; Select the cooling medium according to the cooling coefficient: (2,4): Cooling coefficient 0.0875 → Use a coolant with low thermal conductivity; (3,3): Cooling coefficient 0.0875 → Use a coolant with low thermal conductivity; (3,4): Cooling coefficient 0.0952 → Use a coolant with medium thermal conductivity; (4,2): Cooling coefficient 0.0875 → Use a coolant with low thermal conductivity; (4,3): Cooling coefficient 0.0952 → Use a coolant with medium thermal conductivity; (4,4): Cooling coefficient 0.1 → Use a coolant with high thermal conductivity.

[0139] refer to Figure 6 In step S15, if the working state of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted working state is determined, the pre-increased heat generation is determined according to the adjusted working state and the model of the battery pack, and the autonomous adjustment of the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is triggered according to the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

[0140] In the specific implementation of this invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0141] S151: Monitor the working status of the battery pack in real time, collect the changes in the working data of the battery pack, and determine the adjusted working status based on the changes in the working data of the battery pack and the current working mode of the battery pack.

[0142] S152: Collect the current heat generation of the battery pack, determine the first sub-heat generation based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the adjusted working state, determine the second sub-heat generation based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the battery pack model, and determine the pre-increased heat generation based on the first and second sub-heat generation.

[0143] S153: Collects temperature difference control path, determines the temperature cooling amount of each temperature control node based on multiple temperature control nodes and pre-increased heat generation, determines the corresponding path control mode based on the temperature cooling amount of each temperature control node, the position of each temperature control node and the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate, and triggers the autonomous control of the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate to regulate the temperature difference data of the battery pack at different locations, thus ensuring the temperature balance of the battery pack.

[0144] In the embodiments of this application, the working status of the battery pack is monitored in real time, and the changes in the working data of the battery pack are collected. The adjusted working status is determined based on the changes in the working data of the battery pack and the current working mode of the battery pack. This takes into account both the changes in the working data of the battery pack and the current working mode of the battery pack, ensuring the accuracy of the adjusted working status.

[0145] At this time, the working status of the battery pack is continuously monitored to ensure timely acquisition of status change information. The sensor array is used to collect the working data of the battery pack in real time, such as voltage, current, SOC (state of charge), temperature, etc. The changes in the working data are recorded to provide a basis for subsequent status adjustments. The change in each working data is calculated. For example, the voltage change ΔV = Vnew - Volt. Based on the changes in the working data and the current working mode, the adjusted working status is determined. The current working status is updated according to the changes. The impact of the battery pack's working mode (such as charging, discharging, standby, etc.) on the status is considered, and the working status is adjusted using preset rules or models.

[0146] Optionally, assume the initial operating conditions of the battery pack are as follows: Voltage: 12.5V; Current: 50A; SOC: 70%; Temperature: 35℃; Using a sensor array to monitor data changes in real time, the following changes are observed: Voltage change: ΔV = 0.2V; Current change: ΔI = 10A; SOC change: ΔSOC = -5%; Temperature change: ΔT = 2℃; Assume the latest data monitored in real time is as follows: New voltage: 12.7V; New current: 60A; New SOC: 65%; New temperature: 37℃; Calculate the changes: Voltage change: ΔV = 12.7V - 12.5V = 0.2V; Current change: ΔI = 60A - 50A = 10A; SOC change: ΔSOC = 65% - 70% = -5%; Temperature change: ΔT = 37℃ - 35℃ = 2℃.

[0147] Assuming the battery pack is currently in discharge mode, the operating status is updated based on the changes: New voltage: 12.5V + 0.2V = 12.7V; New current: 50A + 10A = 60A; New SOC: 70% - 5% = 65%; New temperature: 35℃ + 2℃ = 37℃; The adjusted operating status is: Voltage: 12.7V; Current: 60A; SOC: 65%; Temperature: 37℃. This adjusted operating status provides an important foundation for subsequent thermal management and temperature difference control.

[0148] Furthermore, the current heat generation of the battery pack is collected, and the first sub-heat generation is determined based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the adjusted working state. The second sub-heat generation is determined based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the battery pack model. The pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the first and second sub-heat generation, which takes into account the overall consideration of the first and second sub-heat generation and ensures the accuracy of the pre-increased heat generation.

[0149] At this point, the current heat generation of the battery pack is obtained to provide basic data for subsequent heat management. The heat generation is estimated using a heat flow sensor or by calculating the power loss. The heat generation can be calculated using the following formula: Pheat = I² × R; where I is the current and R is the internal resistance of the battery pack. Based on the adjusted operating state, the heat generation change related to the operating state is determined. The heat generation is recalculated using the adjusted operating state (such as current, voltage, etc.) to determine the first sub-heat generation.

[0150] Optionally, assume the battery pack's internal resistance R = 0.02Ω, current I = 60A; current heat generation: Pheat = 602 × 0.02 = 72W; adjusted operating state (from step S151): current: 60A; voltage: 12.7V; first sub-heat generation: Pheat1 = 602 × 0.02 = 72W.

[0151] Based on the battery pack model, determine the heat generation variation related to the model. Calculate the heat generation using the battery pack model parameters (such as rated power, internal resistance, etc.) to determine the second sub-heat generation. Optionally, assume the battery pack model has a rated power of 1000W and an internal resistance of 0.02Ω. Second sub-heat generation:

[0152]

[0153] Combining the first and second sub-calorific values, determine the pre-increased calorific value by taking the average or weighted average of the first and second sub-calorific values. Optionally, the pre-increased calorific value is:

[0154]

[0155] Therefore, the temperature difference control path is collected, and the cooling amount of each temperature control node is determined based on the multiple temperature control nodes and the pre-increased heat generation. The corresponding path control mode is determined based on the cooling amount of each temperature control node, the location of each temperature control node, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate. This triggers the autonomous control of the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate to regulate the temperature difference data of the battery pack at different locations, ensuring the temperature balance of the battery pack. This approach considers the overall cooling amount, location, and cooling channel path of each temperature control node, ensuring the accuracy of the corresponding path control mode. Furthermore, the introduction of the cooling channel path further controls the cooling channel path, fully considering the adjustment of the battery pack's operating state, achieving autonomous control of the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate, and improving the temperature difference control effect of the battery pack.

[0156] At this point, the temperature control node information on the temperature difference control path is acquired, and temperature data on the temperature difference control path is collected using a temperature sensor array. The position of each temperature control node and the corresponding temperature difference data are marked. Based on the pre-increased heat generation, the required cooling amount for each temperature control node is determined, and the cooling amount for each node is calculated using the formula: Qcool=Ppre-increase×Δt, where Δt is the time interval. Based on the temperature cooling amount and the cooling channel path, the control mode of the liquid cooling plate is determined. Based on the temperature cooling amount and the cooling channel path, the flow rate and direction of the coolant are adjusted, and an appropriate control mode is selected (such as increasing the flow rate, changing the flow direction, etc.). Based on the control mode, the autonomous control of the liquid cooling plate is triggered to ensure the temperature balance of the battery pack. Using the control system of the liquid cooling plate, the flow rate and direction of the coolant are adjusted according to the control mode, and temperature changes are monitored in real time to ensure the control effect.

[0157] Specifically, assume the temperature control nodes and their temperature difference data on the temperature difference control path are as follows: (2,4): temperature difference 3.5℃; (3,3): temperature difference 3.5℃; (3,4): temperature difference 4.0℃; (4,2): temperature difference 3.5℃; (4,3): temperature difference 4.0℃; (4,4): temperature difference 4.5℃; assume the time interval Δt = 1s; the pre-increase heat output Ppre-increase = 83.25W; the cooling amount of each node: (2,4): Qcool = 83.25W × 1s = 83.25J; (3,3): Qcool = 83.25J; (3,4): Qcool = 83.25J; (4,2): Qcool = 83.25J; (4,3): Qcool = 83.25J; (4,4 ... (2,3):Qcool=83.25J;(4,4):Qcool=83.25J;Assume the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is as follows: Channel 1: Covers (2,4) and (3,3); Channel 2: Covers (3,4) and (4,2); Channel 3: Covers (4,3) and (4,4);Determine the control mode according to the cooling amount of each node: For (2,4) and (3,3) (Channel 1): Cooling amount: 83.25J; Control mode: Increase flow rate; For (3,4) and (4,2) (Channel 2): ​​Cooling amount: 83.25J; Control mode: Increase flow rate; For (4,3) and (4,4) (Channel 3): Cooling amount: 83.25J; Control mode: Increase flow rate.

[0158] Assume the control system of the liquid cooling plate supports the following operations: increasing flow rate, changing flow direction; triggering autonomous regulation: for channel 1 (covering (2,4) and (3,3)): increase flow rate; for channel 2 (covering (3,4) and (4,2)): increase flow rate; for channel 3 (covering (4,3) and (4,4)): increase flow rate.

[0159] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a temperature difference control system for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring, according to an embodiment of the present invention; the temperature difference control system for the battery pack based on temperature monitoring includes:

[0160] The working status module 21 is used to determine the working status of the battery pack based on multiple working data of the battery pack when the liquid cooling plate is connected.

[0161] Temperature distribution map module 22 is used to determine multiple temperature data based on the detection of each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, and to determine the temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on the multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack.

[0162] The temperature gradient map module 23 is used to determine multiple temperature difference data based on multiple temperature data, heat generation location and corresponding heat generation area, determine the temperature gradient map of the battery pack based on the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution map, and mark abnormal temperature difference areas.

[0163] The cooling channel path module 24 is used to determine the temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, the temperature difference data and the working status of the battery pack, determine the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, and match the corresponding cooling medium.

[0164] The temperature difference control module 25 is used to determine the adjusted working state if the working state of the battery pack is adjusted, determine the pre-increased heat generation based on the adjusted working state and the battery pack model, and trigger the autonomous adjustment of the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

[0165] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for temperature difference control of a battery pack based on temperature monitoring, characterized in that, include: The battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and its operating status is determined based on multiple operating data of the battery pack. Multiple temperature data are determined based on the detection of various heat-generating areas of the battery pack, and a temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on the multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack. Multiple temperature difference data are determined based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations, and corresponding heat generation areas. The temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by combining multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution maps, and abnormal temperature difference areas are marked. The temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data, and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined, and the corresponding cooling medium is matched. If the operating status of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted operating status is determined, the pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the adjusted operating status and the battery pack model, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is autonomously adjusted based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

2. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack is connected to a liquid cooling plate, and its operating status is determined based on multiple operating data points of the battery pack, including: The location of the battery pack is collected, the liquid cooling plate is determined based on the surrounding detection of the battery pack location, the connection method between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate is determined based on the location of the battery pack and the location of the liquid cooling plate, the contact area between the battery pack and the liquid cooling plate is marked, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is determined based on the material of the liquid cooling plate, the contact area and the model of the battery pack. The power supply process of the battery pack is monitored in real time, and multiple operating data and energy loss of the battery pack are collected. A first state coefficient is determined based on multiple operating data and energy loss. A second state coefficient is determined based on multiple operating data and thermal conductivity coefficient. The operating state of the battery pack is determined based on the mapping relationship between the first state coefficient, the second state coefficient and the operating state.

3. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves determining multiple temperature data points based on the detection of various heat-generating areas within the battery pack, and then determining a temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on these multiple temperature data points, the heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack. This includes: Based on the heat detection of the battery pack, each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack is marked. In each heat-generating area of ​​the battery pack, multiple heat-generating locations are determined according to the detection of each heat-generating area. Based on the temperature detection of multiple heat-generating locations, the corresponding temperature data is determined to collect multiple temperature data. The locations of multiple heating points are matched with the corresponding temperature data, and the location of the heating point is taken as the heating location of the temperature data. The first sub-temperature distribution map is determined based on multiple temperature data and the corresponding heating locations. A 3D model of the battery pack is acquired, and the distribution map of the heating surface of the battery pack is determined based on the detection of the 3D model of the battery pack. A second sub-temperature distribution map is determined based on the distribution map of the heating surface and multiple temperature data. The temperature distribution map of the battery pack is determined based on the synthesis of the first sub-temperature distribution map and the second sub-temperature distribution map.

4. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves determining multiple temperature difference data points based on multiple temperature data points, heat generation locations, and corresponding heat generation areas; synthesizing these multiple temperature difference data points and a temperature distribution map to determine a temperature difference gradient map for the battery pack; and marking abnormal temperature difference areas. This includes: Real-time monitoring of each heating area, marking multiple temperature data and corresponding heating locations within each heating area; determining the relative distance based on the comparison of two adjacent heating locations, and determining the corresponding temperature difference data based on the relative distance and the corresponding temperature data. At this point, multiple temperature difference data are available for each heating area.

5. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of determining multiple temperature difference data based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations, and corresponding heat generation areas, determining a temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack based on the synthesis of multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution maps, and marking abnormal temperature difference areas, further includes: In each heat-generating area, a sub-temperature difference gradient map corresponding to that heat-generating area is determined based on multiple temperature difference data and the regional distribution map of the heat-generating area. The temperature difference gradient map of the battery pack is determined by combining multiple sub-temperature difference gradient maps and the temperature distribution map of the battery pack. In the temperature gradient map, multiple abnormal temperature difference data are determined by matching multiple temperature difference data with a preset abnormal temperature difference range, and the abnormal temperature difference region is determined by the multiple abnormal temperature difference data and the corresponding heat generation location.

6. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves determining a temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference region, temperature difference data, and the operating status of the battery pack; determining the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate based on this temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate; and matching the corresponding cooling medium, including: Real-time monitoring of abnormal temperature difference areas; marking the corresponding temperature difference data in abnormal temperature difference areas; determining the first sub-temperature difference control path based on the location of abnormal temperature difference areas and temperature difference data. The second sub-temperature difference control path is determined based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area and the operating status of the battery pack. The temperature difference control path is then determined based on the matching of the first and second sub-temperature difference control paths.

7. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of determining the temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference region, temperature difference data, and the operating status of the battery pack, determining the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, and matching the corresponding cooling medium, further includes: Based on the detection of the temperature difference control path, multiple temperature control nodes are determined. The cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined according to the distribution diagram of the cooling channel of the multiple temperature control nodes and the liquid cooling plate. The corresponding cooling coefficient is determined according to the temperature difference data and temperature data corresponding to the multiple temperature control nodes. The corresponding cooling medium is determined according to the matching of multiple cooling coefficients.

8. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the operating state of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted operating state is determined, and the pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the adjusted operating state and the battery pack model. Based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is autonomously adjusted to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack, including: The system monitors the working status of the battery pack in real time and collects changes in the battery pack's working data. Based on the changes in the battery pack's working data and the current working mode of the battery pack, the system determines the adjusted working status. The current heat generation of the battery pack is collected. Based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the adjusted operating status, the first sub-heat generation is determined. Based on the current heat generation of the battery pack and the battery pack model, the second sub-heat generation is determined. Based on the first and second sub-heat generation, the pre-increased heat generation is determined.

9. The temperature difference control method for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that, If the operating state of the battery pack is adjusted, the adjusted operating state is determined, the pre-increased heat generation is determined based on the adjusted operating state and the battery pack model, and the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is autonomously adjusted based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack. The method also includes: The temperature difference control path is collected, and the temperature cooling amount of each temperature control node is determined based on the multiple temperature control nodes and the pre-increased heat generation. The corresponding path control mode is determined based on the temperature cooling amount of each temperature control node, the location of each temperature control node and the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate, and the autonomous control of the cooling flow path of the liquid cooling plate is triggered to regulate the temperature difference data of the battery pack at different locations, thereby ensuring the temperature balance of the battery pack.

10. A temperature difference control system for a battery pack based on temperature monitoring, characterized in that, The temperature difference control system for the battery pack based on temperature monitoring is applied to the temperature difference control method for the battery pack based on temperature monitoring as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the temperature difference control system for the battery pack based on temperature monitoring includes: The working status module is used to determine the working status of the battery pack based on multiple working data of the battery pack when the liquid cooling plate is connected. The temperature distribution map module is used to determine multiple temperature data based on the detection of various heat-generating areas of the battery pack, and to determine the temperature distribution map of the battery pack based on multiple temperature data, heat-generating locations, and a three-dimensional model of the battery pack. The temperature gradient map module is used to determine multiple temperature difference data based on multiple temperature data, heat generation locations and corresponding heat generation areas, and to determine the temperature gradient map of the battery pack by combining multiple temperature difference data and temperature distribution maps, and to mark abnormal temperature difference areas. The cooling channel path module is used to determine the temperature difference control path based on the location of the abnormal temperature difference area, temperature difference data and the working status of the battery pack. Based on the temperature difference control path and the cooling channel distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate, the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate is determined and the corresponding cooling medium is matched. The temperature difference control module is used to determine the adjusted operating state if the battery pack's operating state is adjusted, determine the pre-increased heat generation based on the adjusted operating state and the battery pack model, and trigger the autonomous adjustment of the cooling channel path of the liquid cooling plate based on the pre-increased heat generation and the temperature difference control path to achieve temperature difference control of the battery pack.

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