Functional feed for improving meat quality and flavor of crucian carps and preparation method of functional feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional feed for improving meat quality and flavor of crucian carp and a preparation method thereof, and the functional feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-24 parts of brown fishmeal, 7-9 parts of dry hermetia illucens larvae, 18-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of beer yeast, 8-10 parts of flour, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 15-17 parts of dextrin, 5-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of fish oil and 0.5-0.6 part of vitamin premix. The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8 to 0.9 part of mineral premix, 0.3 to 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1 to 1.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 to 0.4 part of lysine, 1 to 1.2 parts of betaine and 0.5 to 0.6 part of folium cortex eucommiae. Compared with other commodity feed, the feed coefficient can be reduced, growth and development of crucian can be effectively promoted, the content of total flavor amino acid and free glutamic acid in muscles can be increased, volatile flavor substances in the muscles of the crucian can be improved, the earthy smell can be reduced, and the feed can be widely applied to culture and feeding of the crucian.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a functional feed with improved crucian carp meat quality and flavor and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) belongs to the Cypriniformes order, Cyprinidae family, genus Carassius. It is divided into two species: black carp and silver carp, and one subspecies: silver carp. Crucian carp aquaculture in my country continues to expand, with total production reaching approximately 2.84 million tons in 2023. This aquaculture production accounts for approximately 8.32% of freshwater fish production, making it a very important sector.

[0003] Currently, crucian carp farmed in earthen ponds has a strong earthy odor, poor muscle texture and flavor, and is therefore considered a low-end product. Research into functional feeds that improve both body weight and flavor is being conducted to improve the quality of crucian carp and promote the sustainable, green, and healthy development of the crucian carp industry. Improving crucian carp meat quality is urgent and necessary, and improving the flavor of farmed fish through nutritional regulation has become a hot topic and a challenge in nutrition research. Flavoring compounds influence the quality of crucian carp muscle, and improving and enhancing muscle flavor compounds has a significant impact on the development of the industry. While there are limited reports on improving the flavor of crucian carp meat in China and abroad, there are related studies on other freshwater fish species. For example, in Guangdong and Zhejiang, where the freshwater fish industry has a large market, grass carp undergoes a period of weight loss treatment before being marketed to improve the flavor of their meat.

[0004] Betaine is a natural trimethyl alkaloid whose unique biochemical properties have been proven to have a positive effect on fat metabolism. In addition, it has the effect of improving the body's immunity and reducing oxidative stress. Eucommia ulmoides belongs to the Eucommia family and the genus Eucommia, and has strong drought and cold resistance. Modern pharmaceutical research shows that Eucommia ulmoides contains a variety of active ingredients such as flavonoids and lignans, which have a positive effect on improving the body's antioxidant capacity. In addition, it can also be used to treat diseases such as hypertension and low back pain.

[0005] At present, there is no functional feed specifically designed to improve the meat flavor of crucian carp. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp and a preparation method thereof, which can enhance the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp, promote the development of high-quality crucian carp, improve the breeding efficiency of crucian carp, and provide a reference for the high-quality development of the crucian carp industry.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-24 parts of red fish meal, 7-9 parts of dried black soldier fly larvae, 18-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of brewer's yeast, 8-10 parts of flour, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 15-17 parts of dextrin, 5-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of fish oil, 0.5-0.6 parts of vitamin premix, 0.8-0.9 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-0.4 parts of choline chloride, 1-1.2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.4 parts of lysine, 1-1.2 parts of betaine, and 0.5-0.6 parts of eucommia ulmoides leaves. Among them, each kilogram of vitamin premix contains: Vitamin A 60000IU, Vitamin D340000IU, Vitamin K3800 mg, Vitamin B11000 mg, Vitamin B21500 mg, Vitamin B61200 mg, Vitamin B 12 50 mg, vitamin C 1000 mg, pantothenic acid 3200 mg, folic acid 500 mg, inositol 100 mg; each kilogram of mineral premix contains: potassium chloride 60 g, sodium chloride 40 g, ferric chloride 40 g, zinc sulfate 30 g, magnesium sulfate 30 g, cobalt sulfate 2 g.

[0009] The protein content of the red fish meal used in the present invention is 60-66wt%.

[0010] The present invention prepares sinking extruded feed for crucian carp, which is a bottom-dwelling fish. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) Grind betaine, Eucommia ulmoides leaves, and dried black soldier fly larvae into powder, pass through a 200-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0012] (2) Weigh vitamin premix, mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, lysine, betaine powder, eucommia leaf powder and black soldier fly larvae powder according to the feed ratio and mix them thoroughly;

[0013] (3) Grind red fish meal, flour, soybean meal, brewer's yeast and rice bran, pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve and place in a rotating speed of 85-90 r / min. -1 Mix the mixture in a mixer and stir thoroughly, then add the mixture obtained in (2) in proportion and stir again to mix thoroughly; spray the fish oil into the mixer 3-5 times using a spray bottle and stir;

[0014] (4) Crucian carp is a bottom freshwater fish. According to its habit, the feed is prepared by extruding the mixture obtained in (3) with water in a mass ratio of 4:1 into granules, drying them in a cool place to a moisture content of 8wt%-9wt% before feeding.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. The raw materials used in the present invention are widely available and easy to obtain. Compared with puffed feed, the preparation method of sinking extruded feed is simple and the cost is low;

[0017] 2. Experiments have shown that compared with other commercial feeds, the present invention can reduce the feed coefficient, effectively promote the growth and development of crucian carp, increase the content of total umami amino acids and free glutamate in the muscle, improve the volatile flavor substances in the crucian carp muscle, and reduce the earthy smell. It can be widely used in the breeding and feeding of crucian carp.

[0018] 3. The raw material components of the present invention are scientifically formulated to provide the necessary nutrients for crucian carp, and the feed has an appropriate ratio of animal and plant proteins; adding black soldier flies to replace part of the fish meal can reduce feed costs, and adding betaine and eucommia leaves can improve the flavor of crucian carp and increase its economic value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] Weigh 20 kg of red fish meal, 7 kg of dried black soldier fly larvae, 20 kg of soybean meal, 4 kg of brewer's yeast, 10 kg of flour, 10 kg of rice bran, 17 kg of dextrin, 5 kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 kg of fish oil, 0.5 kg of vitamin premix, 0.8 kg of mineral premix, 0.3 kg of choline chloride, 1.2 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 kg of lysine, 1.2 kg of betaine, and 0.6 kg of eucommia ulmoides leaves.

[0022] Red fish meal, flour, soybean meal, brewer's yeast and rice bran were crushed and passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve. -1 Mix the mixture in a mixer and stir thoroughly; then weigh vitamin premix, mineral premix, black soldier fly larvae powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, lysine, as well as betaine powder and eucommia leaf powder according to the feed ratio, and stir again to mix evenly; use a spray bottle to spray fish oil into the mixer 3-5 times and stir evenly; the mixture and water are squeezed into granules in a mass ratio of 4:1 and dried in a cool place to a moisture content of 8wt%-9wt%.

[0023] From May to August 2023, a crucian carp breeding test was carried out at a breeding base in Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province. The test was carried out in a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel with an inner diameter of 1.5m, a height of 1.2m, and a water depth of 1m. Each glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel was equipped with a separate drainage system and a microporous oxygenation facility. At the beginning of the test, the fish weighed 1.75g. There were three parallel groups in the control group and the test group. The control group used ordinary crucian carp compound feed (the rest of the raw materials without betaine and eucommia leaves were mixed and extruded to form ordinary feed), and the test group used the functional feed for improving the meat flavor of crucian carp in Example 1 of the present invention for feeding. The breeding cycle was 120 days. After the test, the growth performance, total umami amino acids and free glutamate content of crucian carp were measured.

[0024] The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The weight gain rate, specific growth rate, total umami amino acids and free glutamate content of the crucian carp in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). This shows that the functional feed for improving the meat flavor of crucian carp of the present invention can promote the growth and development of crucian carp and improve muscle quality to a certain extent.

[0025] Table 1 Growth of crucian carp in different groups

[0026]

[0027] Table 2 Total umami amino acids and free glutamic acid contents in different groups of crucian carp

[0028]

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Weigh 24 kg of red fish meal, 8 kg of dried black soldier fly larvae, 18 kg of soybean meal, 6 kg of brewer's yeast, 8 kg of flour, 8 kg of rice bran, 15 kg of dextrin, 6 kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 kg of fish oil, 0.6 kg of vitamin premix, 0.9 kg of mineral premix, 0.4 kg of choline chloride, 1.1 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 kg of lysine, 1.1 kg of betaine, and 0.6 kg of eucommia ulmoides leaf.

[0031] Red fish meal, flour, soybean meal, brewer's yeast and rice bran were crushed and passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve. -1 Mixer, stir thoroughly; then weigh vitamin premix, mineral premix, black soldier fly larvae powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, lysine, as well as betaine powder and eucommia leaf powder according to the feed ratio, and stir again to mix evenly; use a spray bottle to spray fish oil into the mixer 3-5 times and stir evenly, squeeze the mixture into granules with water in a mass ratio of 4:1, and dry in a cool place to a moisture content of 8wt%-9wt%.

[0032] From May to August 2024, a crucian carp breeding experiment was carried out at a cooperative breeding base in Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province. The experiment was carried out in a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel with an inner diameter of 1.2m, a height of 1m, and a water depth of 0.7m. Each glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel was equipped with a separate drainage system and a microporous oxygenation facility. At the beginning of the experiment, the average weight of the fish was 105.3g. There were three parallel groups in each of the control group and the experimental group. The control group used ordinary crucian carp compound feed, and the experimental group used the functional feed with improved crucian carp meat flavor in Example 2 of the present invention for feeding. The breeding cycle was 120 days. After the experiment, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to determine the volatile substances in crucian carp muscle.

[0033] The test results are shown in Table 3. In the test group, benzyl acetate, 1-octanol, benzaldehyde, 2-acetylfuran, 1-heptanol, 1-octen-3-ol, trans-2-octenal, cis-3-hexenol, dipropyl disulfide, 1-hexanol, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, cis-2-penten-1-ol, trans-2-heptenal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-pentanol, 4-heptenal, γ-terpinene, ethyl hexanoate, 2-pentylfuran, 1-oc ...2-octenal, cis-3-hexenol, dipropyl disulfide, 1-hexanol, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, cis-2-penten-1-ol, trans-2-heptenal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-pentanol, 4-heptenal, γ-terpinene, ethyl hexanoate, 2-pentylfuran, 1-octanol, 2-octenal, cis-3-hexenol, dipropyl disulfide, 1-hexanol, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, cis-2-penten-1-ol, trans-2-heptenal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-pentan The contents of volatile substances such as benzophenone, trans-2-hexenal, limonene, 2-heptanone, 1-penten-3-ol, trans-2-pentenal, hexanal, 1-propanol, 1-penten-3-one, valeraldehyde, 2-pentanone, 3-methylbutanal, butyraldehyde-M, and propionaldehyde in the feed were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). This shows that the functional feed for improving the meat flavor of crucian carp of the present invention can enrich the volatile substances in crucian carp muscle to a certain extent.

[0034] Table 3 Volatile substances in crucian carp muscles of different groups

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp, characterized by: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-24 parts of red fish meal, 7-9 parts of dried black soldier fly larvae, 18-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of brewer's yeast, 8-10 parts of flour, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 15-17 parts of dextrin, 5-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of fish oil, 0.5-0.6 parts of vitamin premix, 0.8-0.9 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-0.4 parts of choline chloride, 1-1.2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.4 parts of lysine, 1-1.2 parts of betaine, and 0.5-0.6 parts of eucommia ulmoides leaves.

2. The functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp according to claim 1, wherein: The protein content of the red fish meal is 60-66wt%.

3. The functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp according to claim 1, wherein: Each kilogram of vitamin premix contains: Vitamin A 60000 IU, Vitamin D3 40000 IU, Vitamin K3 800 mg, Vitamin B1 1000 mg, Vitamin B2 1500 mg, Vitamin B6 1200 mg, Vitamin B 12 50 mg, Vitamin C 1000 mg, Pantothenic acid 3200 mg, Folic acid 500 mg, Inositol 100 mg.

4. The functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp according to claim 1, wherein: Each kilogram of mineral premix contains: 60 g potassium chloride, 40 g sodium chloride, 40 g ferric chloride, 30 g zinc sulfate, 30 g magnesium sulfate, and 2 g cobalt sulfate.

5. The method for preparing a functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Grind betaine, Eucommia ulmoides leaves and dried black soldier fly larvae into powder, pass through a 200-mesh sieve and set aside; (2) Weigh vitamin premix, mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, lysine, betaine powder, eucommia leaf powder and black soldier fly larvae powder according to the feed ratio and mix thoroughly; (3) Grind the red fish meal, flour, soybean meal, brewer's yeast and rice bran, pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve and place them in a sieve with a rotation speed of 85-90 r·min -1 Mix the mixture in a mixer and stir thoroughly, then add the mixture obtained in (2) in proportion and stir again to mix thoroughly; use a spray bottle to spray the fish oil into the mixer 3-5 times and stir; (4) The mixture obtained in (3) is extruded into granules with water in a mass ratio of 4:1 by an extruder and dried in a cool place to a moisture content of 8wt%-9wt%, thereby obtaining the functional feed for improving the meat quality and flavor of crucian carp.

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