Laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing, which comprises a working table, a printing table is arranged above the working table, a control panel is fixedly mounted at the top of the working table, a laser head is movably connected to the bottom of the control panel, and a discharging bin is fixedly connected to one side of the control panel. The discharging bin is located on one side above the printing table, a pushing and rotating assembly is arranged on the side of the printing table and used for enlarging an opening between the material blocking plate and the discharging bin in a stepped mode, and through a dynamic powder supply-reverse compensation mechanism, the forming defect caused by uneven powder accumulation in a traditional powder laying process is eliminated; the powder accumulation gradient is formed by dynamically adjusting the gap of the opening of the discharging bin, accurate control over the powder output amount and uniform powder spreading are achieved, the powder spreading defect caused by uneven accumulation is reduced, meanwhile, powder agglomeration and blocking are restrained through cooperation with the scattering assembly, and the powder supply stability and the process precision are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing equipment uses the principles of discreteness and accumulation to form physical objects by layer-by-layer accumulation. This process is also called 3D printing, which can be applied to the processing of metal materials such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys and steel, and non-metallic materials such as plastics and ceramics.

[0003] For metal materials, powder bed laser sintering can be used for processing. The processing process is as follows: the three-dimensional model of the real object is imported into the computer, the computer divides the model into several layers, and the metal powder is spread flat in the forming cylinder of the forming unit through the powder spreading unit. Then, the laser unit is controlled to emit a laser beam to scan the cross-section of the model plane layer on the powder. The powder is irradiated by the laser beam, melts and solidifies quickly, and then the forming cylinder is controlled to move downward, and the powder spreading unit is controlled again to spread the powder, and so on. Each plane layer of the model is printed from bottom to top to produce a complete real object.

[0004] In the powder spreading process of metal powder additive manufacturing, traditional equipment adopts an upper-mounted discharge hopper design. The metal powder falls freely from the storage hopper above the printing table to the surface of the substrate by gravity, and then the scraper pushes the powder to the set layer thickness with a lateral translation motion. When the powder falls, due to the limited free diffusion range, the amount of powder accumulation in the area near the starting end of the scraper is significantly lower than that at the end. At this time, when the scraper moves first along a fixed trajectory, due to insufficient powder in this area, the automatic redistribution of powder cannot be achieved through the "more to make up for less" mechanism, which in turn causes a local "powder missing zone" on the surface of the substrate, resulting in the powder not being evenly covered on the surface of the printing table.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art: solve at least one technical problem raised in the background technology.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: the laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing described in the present invention includes a workbench, a printing table is arranged above the workbench, a control panel is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, the bottom of the control panel is movably connected to the laser head, one side of the control panel is fixedly connected to a feed bin, the feed bin is located on one side above the printing table, one side of the feed bin is fixedly connected to a telescopic rod, the bottom of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a powder scraper plate, the bottom of the feed bin is fitted with a blocking plate, a driving component for driving the printing table to move horizontally is arranged below the printing table, a pushing and turning component is arranged on the side of the printing table, the pushing and turning component is used to make the opening between the blocking plate and the feed bin step-by-step enlarged, and a breaking component is arranged inside the feed bin, the breaking component is used to break up the powder inside the feed bin.

[0008] Preferably, one side of the unloading hopper is fixedly connected to a hinged seat, the outer wall of the shaft of the hinged seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blocking plate, both ends of the hinged seat are fixedly connected to ratchets, the driving assembly includes two electric slide rails, the inner walls of the two electric slide rails are slidably connected to electric sliders, and the top of the electric slider is fixedly connected to one side of the printing table.

[0009] Preferably, the push-and-turn assembly includes two movable plates, which are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the printing table. The top of the movable plate is fixedly connected to multiple hinged platforms, the shafts of the multiple hinged platforms are fixedly connected to hinged rods, the tops of the hinged rods are fixedly connected to damping rods, the damping rods are movably connected to the inner wall of the movable plate, and the ends of the damping rods away from the hinged rods are fixedly connected to limit blocks, and the top of the limit blocks fits with the bottom of the movable plate.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the shaft of the articulated seat is symmetrically fixedly connected to a rotating part, the side of the rotating part is fixedly connected to two torsion springs, the end of the two torsion springs away from the rotating part is fixedly connected to a side connecting plate, the side connecting plates are fixedly connected to the side of the lower hopper, and a locking assembly is provided above the ratchet, which is used to limit the position of the ratchet after rotation.

[0011] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes two wedge-shaped blocks, with the two sides of the wedge-shaped blocks being an inclined surface and a straight surface respectively, the tops of the wedge-shaped blocks are fixedly connected with springs, a lifting plate is fixedly connected between the tops of the two springs, the top of the lifting plate is fixedly connected with a sliding rod, one side of the lower hopper is fixedly connected with a receiving plate, the sliding rod and the receiving plate are in sliding connection, the spring elasticity is lower than the friction between the sliding rod and the receiving plate, and an upward push assembly is provided on one side of the lifting plate, which causes the lifting plate to move upward.

[0012] Preferably, the pushing assembly includes an equilateral triangle block, which is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate, the bottom of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the push plate frame, the bottom of the push plate frame is fixedly connected to an inverted triangle block, both sides of the push plate frame are fixedly connected to external blocks, the bottoms of the external blocks are fixedly connected to elastic columns, the elastic columns are fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, and the elastic stiffness of the elastic columns is higher than the elastic stiffness of the spring.

[0013] Preferably, a torsion spring 1 is provided on the outside of each damping rod, one end of the torsion spring 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the hinged rod, and the other end of the torsion spring 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate, and the number of hinged platforms and hinged rods is one-fourth the number of ratchet teeth.

[0014] Preferably, the breaking up component includes two pressure rollers, the outer walls of which are fixedly connected with a plurality of crushing blocks, the two pressure rollers are located inside the lower material bin, the shafts of the two pressure rollers are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower material bin, one end of the two pressure rollers is fixedly connected with a driven gear, the teeth of the two driven gears are engaged with each other, and a transmission component is provided on one side of the driven gear for driving one of the driven gears to rotate.

[0015] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a rack plate, which is fixedly connected to one side of one of the movable plates, the teeth of the rack plate are engaged with a driving gear, the shaft of the driving gear and one of the driven gear shafts are fixedly connected to a transmission ring, a transmission belt is connected between the two transmission rings, the shaft of the driving gear is rotatably connected to a clamping seat, and the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the top of the workbench.

[0016] Preferably, a collection box is provided on the top of the workbench, and the collection box is located below the printing table. A powder absorber is provided on one side of the collection box, and one end of the powder absorber is fixedly connected to a recovery pipe, and the end of the recovery pipe away from the collection box is fixedly connected to the top of the lower hopper.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing described in the present invention eliminates forming defects caused by uneven powder accumulation in traditional powder spreading processes through a "dynamic powder supply-reverse compensation" mechanism. By dynamically adjusting the gap between the lower hopper openings to form a powder accumulation gradient, precise control of powder output and uniform powder spreading are achieved, reducing powder spreading defects caused by uneven accumulation. At the same time, the coordinated breaking up of components inhibits powder agglomeration and blockage, thereby improving powder supply stability and process accuracy.

[0019] 2. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing described in the present invention breaks up the powder added to the lower hopper through a breaking up component. The breaking up component continues to work during the lateral movement of the printing table to ensure that the powder in the lower hopper is always in a loose state, avoiding the powder inside the lower hopper from agglomerating and causing the powder to block the outlet of the lower hopper, and also facilitating the transfer of powder from high accumulation areas to low accumulation areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is an overall stereogram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the powder scraper in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the printing station in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the clamping seat in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the material blocking plate in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ratchet in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the hinge rod in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the lower silo in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting plate in the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Workbench; 2. Printing table; 3. Control panel; 4. Laser head; 5. Unloading bin; 6. Telescopic rod; 7. Powder scraper; 8. Electric slide block; 9. Electric slide rail; 10. Blocking plate; 11. Articulated seat; 12. Ratchet; 13. Movable plate; 14. Articulated table; 15. Articulated rod; 16. Torsion spring 1; 17. Damping rod; 18. Limit block; 19. Wedge block; 20. Spring; 21. Lifting plate; 22. Positive three-axis Corner block; 23. Inverted triangle block; 24. Push plate frame; 25. Elastic column; 26. External block; 27. Sliding rod; 28. Adapter plate; 29. ​​Rack plate; 30. Transmission ring; 31. Transmission belt; 32. Driving gear; 33. Driven gear; 34. Pressure roller; 35. Crushing block; 36. Clamping seat; 37. Collecting box; 38. Powder absorber; 39. Recovery pipe; 40. Rotating part; 41. Torsion spring 2; 42. Side connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing, comprising a workbench 1, a printing table 2 is arranged above the workbench 1, a control panel 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench 1, and a laser head 4 is movably connected to the bottom of the control panel 3, and a feed bin 5 is fixedly connected to one side of the control panel 3. The feed bin 5 is located on one side above the printing table 2, and a telescopic rod 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the feed bin 5. A powder scraper 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod 6, and a blocking plate 10 is attached to the bottom of the feed bin 5. A driving component for driving the printing table 2 to move horizontally is arranged below the printing table 2, and a pushing and turning component is arranged on the side of the printing table 2. The pushing and turning component is used to make the opening between the blocking plate 10 and the feed bin 5 step-by-step increase, and a scattering component is arranged inside the feed bin 5. The scattering component is used to scatter the powder inside the feed bin 5.

[0033] During operation: In the initial state, the control panel 3 and the laser head 4 are arranged directly above the printing table 2, and the control panel 3 can control the laser head 4 to move freely on its bottom surface. The laser head 4 emits a laser beam during printing and scans the cross-section of the model plane layer on the powder. After being irradiated by the laser beam, the powder quickly melts and solidifies, gradually forming a physical object, and the discharge bin 5 is arranged on one side above the printing table 2 and does not occupy the position of the control panel 3 and the laser head 4; when spreading powder, the distance between the scraper plate 7 and the printing table 2 is accurately adjusted by the telescopic rod 6, and the distance value is set according to the current printing layer thickness, and then the driving component drives the printing table 2 to move toward the powder supply area at a constant speed, and synchronously triggers the push-turn component to drive the blocking plate 10 to rotate. The opening gap between the blocking plate 10 and the discharge bin 5 increases linearly with the displacement of the printing table 2. The opening at the initial end is smaller (low powder output) and the opening at the end is the largest (high powder output), forming a powder accumulation gradient along the moving direction. The powder is then dispersed over the powder bin 5 and the powder is then dispersed over the powder bin 5. The powder is then dispersed over the powder bin 5 and the powder is then dispersed over the powder bin 5.

[0034] Compared with the powder spreading work of the existing technology, this solution eliminates the forming defects caused by uneven powder accumulation in the traditional powder spreading process through the "dynamic powder supply-reverse compensation" mechanism. By dynamically adjusting the gap of the lower hopper opening to form a powder accumulation gradient, precise control of powder output and uniform powder spreading can be achieved, reducing powder spreading defects caused by uneven accumulation. At the same time, the coordinated breaking up of components can inhibit powder agglomeration and blockage, thereby improving powder supply stability and process accuracy.

[0035] like Figures 2 to 3 As shown, one side of the lower hopper 5 is fixedly connected to a hinged seat 11, the outer wall of the shaft of the hinged seat 11 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blocking plate 10, and both ends of the hinged seat 11 are fixedly connected to a ratchet 12. The driving assembly includes two electric slide rails 9, and the inner walls of the two electric slide rails 9 are slidably connected to an electric slider 8, and the top of the electric slider 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the printing table 2.

[0036] During operation: When the powder spreading work is carried out, the electric slider 8 is driven to move along the inner wall of the electric slide rail 9, and the electric slider 8 will drive the printing table 2 to move horizontally. During the movement, the push-turn assembly will synchronously trigger the ratchet 12 to rotate in stages. When the ratchet 12 rotates in stages, it will drive the blocking plate 10 to rotate with the axis of the hinge seat 11 as the center point through the shaft of the hinge seat 11. When the blocking plate 10 rotates in stages, the opening gap between the lower hopper 5 and the blocking plate 10 increases linearly. During the continuous translation of the printing table 2, the powder layer forms a "thin-thick" stepped accumulation from the side near the lower hopper 5 to the far side, and finally realizes the gradient distribution of the lateral powder spreading thickness.

[0037] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the push-and-turn assembly includes two movable plates 13, which are fixedly connected to both sides of the printing table 2 respectively. The top of the movable plate 13 is fixedly connected with multiple hinged platforms 14, and the shafts of the multiple hinged platforms 14 are fixedly connected with hinged rods 15. The tops of the hinged rods 15 are fixedly connected with damping rods 17, and the damping rods 17 are movably connected to the inner wall of the movable plate 13. The end of the damping rod 17 away from the hinged rod 15 is fixedly connected to a limit block 18, and the top of the limit block 18 is in contact with the bottom of the movable plate 13.

[0038] During operation: when the printing table 2 translates, the movable plate 13 drives multiple groups of hinged tables 14 and hinged rods 15 to move synchronously. When the hinged rod 15 contacts the tooth groove of the ratchet 12, it is constrained by the damping rod 17 and the limit block 18 and cannot be hinged and swing, but is stuck in the tooth groove in a pushing posture and drives the ratchet 12 to rotate in one direction. Each step of one tooth position drives the blocking plate 10 to deflect, so that the opening gap between the lower hopper 5 and the blocking plate 10 expands linearly in a step-by-step manner with the displacement of the printing table 2, and finally forms a dynamic powder supply gradient of "small opening on the side near the lower hopper - large opening on the side far from the lower hopper", thereby realizing a stepped distribution of powder above the printing table 2.

[0039] like Figures 4 and 5 As shown, the outer wall of the shaft of the articulated seat 11 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the rotating part 40, and the side of the rotating part 40 is fixedly connected to the torsion spring 2 41, and the end of the torsion spring 2 41 away from the rotating part 40 is fixedly connected to the side plate 42, and the side plate 42 is fixedly connected to the side of the lower hopper 5. A locking assembly is provided above the ratchet 12, and the locking assembly is used to limit the position of the ratchet 12 after rotation.

[0040] During operation: During the lateral movement of the printing table 2 to perform the unloading action, each time the ratchet 12 rotates through a tooth position, its rotation will be immediately locked by the locking component. Although the torsion spring 2 41 is in a compressed energy storage state, the ratchet 12 is rigidly constrained and cannot drive the rotating part 40 to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby ensuring that the blocking plate 10 remains in the open state and completes the powder unloading. When the printing table 2 completes a single lateral movement and ends the unloading, the locking component releases the locking constraint on the ratchet 12, and the torsion spring 2 41 releases the elastic potential energy, driving the ratchet 12 to rotate in the opposite direction, driving the blocking plate 10 to reset and seal the bottom opening of the unloading bin 5. The resetting action is completed before the printing table 2 moves in the opposite direction to scrape the material, effectively preventing the powder in the unloading bin 5 from leaking during the scraping and spreading stage, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the powder layer thickness and the printing accuracy.

[0041] like Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, the positioning assembly includes two wedge-shaped blocks 19, and the two sides of the wedge-shaped blocks 19 are respectively an inclined surface and a straight surface. The tops of the wedge-shaped blocks 19 are fixedly connected with springs 20, and a lifting plate 21 is fixedly connected between the tops of the two springs 20. The top of the lifting plate 21 is fixedly connected with a sliding rod 27. One side of the lower hopper 5 is fixedly connected with a receiving plate 28. The sliding rod 27 and the receiving plate 28 are in sliding connection. The elasticity of the spring 20 is lower than the friction between the sliding rod 27 and the receiving plate 28. An upward push assembly is provided on one side of the lifting plate 21, and the upward push assembly causes the lifting plate 21 to move upward.

[0042] During operation: When the push-turn assembly pushes the ratchet 12 to rotate, the inclined surface of the ratchet teeth squeezes the inclined end of the wedge block 19, causing the wedge block 19 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 20 and move upward, making room for the ratchet teeth to rotate. After the ratchet 12 rotates one tooth position, the elastic force of the spring 20 pushes the wedge block 19 to immediately reset downward, and its straight end is stuck in the next tooth groove of the ratchet 12, forming a rigid limit. At this time, if the ratchet 12 is forced to rotate in the opposite direction by the force of the torsion spring 241, the straight surface of its tooth groove will directly conflict with the straight end of the wedge block 19, and it will not be able to squeeze the wedge block 19 to move upward, thereby preventing the ratchet 12 from rotating in the opposite direction, ensuring that the ratchet 12 The wheel 12 maintains a stable position during the staged rotation. After the printing table 2 completes the first lateral movement, the push-up assembly is started, pushing the lifting plate 21 to move upward. The lifting plate 21 drives the wedge block 19 to move upward synchronously, so that it disengages from the tooth groove of the ratchet 12, releasing the lock on the ratchet 12. The ratchet 12 rotates in the opposite direction and resets under the elastic force of the torsion spring 2 41, driving the blocking plate 10 to quickly seal the bottom opening of the discharge bin 5, stopping the discharge, and preventing the powder from still flowing onto the upper surface of the printing table 2 when the printing table 2 is reset to scrape the material, thereby causing the powder after spreading to be unable to be in a uniformly spread state.

[0043] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the push-up assembly includes an equilateral triangle block 22, which is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate 13, and the bottom of the lifting plate 21 is fixedly connected to the push plate frame 24, and the bottom of the push plate frame 24 is fixedly connected to the inverted triangle block 23, and the two sides of the push plate frame 24 are fixedly connected to the external blocks 26, and the bottoms of the external blocks 26 are fixedly connected to the elastic columns 25, and the elastic columns 25 are fixedly installed on the top of the workbench 1, and the elastic stiffness of the elastic columns 25 is higher than the elastic stiffness of the spring 20.

[0044] During operation: when the printing table 2 moves to the extreme position, the inclined surface of the equilateral triangle block 22 fixed on the side of the movable plate 13 contacts the inclined surface of the inverted triangle block 23, and the inverted triangle block 23 is forced to move vertically upward through the pushing action of the inclined surface. The inverted triangle block 23 drives the lifting plate 21 to move upward synchronously through the push plate frame 24, pushing the wedge block 19 out of the tooth groove of the ratchet 12, releasing the lock on the ratchet 12, and allowing the ratchet 12 to rotate and reset under the action of the torsion spring 41, thereby driving the blocking plate 10 to block the bottom of the lower material bin 5. When the printing table 2 moves in the opposite direction, the equilateral triangle block 22 The inverted triangle block 23 is disengaged, and the elastic columns 25 connected to the external blocks 26 on both sides of the push plate frame 24 release their elastic potential energy, pushing the inverted triangle block 23 and the lifting plate 21 to move down and reset quickly. After resetting, the wedge block 19 is re-engaged in the tooth groove of the ratchet 12 under the action of the spring 20, restoring the one-way locking of the ratchet 12, waiting for the next cycle to be triggered; and by setting the elastic stiffness of the elastic column 25 to be higher than the elastic stiffness of the spring 20, when the wedge block 19 is squeezed and moved upward by the ratchet 12, the spring 20 will deform but the elastic column 25 will not elastically deform.

[0045] like Figures 6 and 7 As shown, a torsion spring 16 is provided on the outside of each damping rod 17, one end of the torsion spring 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the hinge rod 15, and the other end of the torsion spring 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate 13. The number of hinged platforms 14 and hinged rods 15 is one-fourth the number of ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 12.

[0046] During operation: when the movable plate 13 moves in the opposite direction, the top surface of the hinged rod 15 contacts the tooth surface of the ratchet 12. Restricted by the one-way positioning of the ratchet 12, the hinged rod 15 swings downward along the hinged platform 14, compressing the torsion spring 16 to avoid the ratchet teeth. After passing the ratchet 12, the torsion spring 16 releases the stored energy and pushes the hinged rod 15 to return to the initial tilt angle; and the number of the hinged platforms 14 and the hinged rods 15 is set to one-fourth the number of the ratchet teeth of the ratchet 12. When the hinged platform 14 and the hinged rod 15 move for the first time, the ratchet 12 will eventually rotate 90 degrees to form the maximum opening gap.

[0047] like Figure 8As shown, the breaking up component includes two pressure rollers 34, and the outer walls of the pressure rollers 34 are fixedly connected with a plurality of crushing blocks 35. The two pressure rollers 34 are both located inside the lower hopper 5. The shafts of the two pressure rollers 34 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower hopper 5. One end of the two pressure rollers 34 is fixedly connected with a driven gear 33. The teeth of the two driven gears 33 are engaged with each other. A transmission component for driving one of the driven gears 33 to rotate is provided on one side of the driven gear 33.

[0048] During operation: When the movable plate 13 moves, one of the driven gears 33 will be driven to rotate through the transmission assembly, and the two driven gears 33 will rotate relative to each other under mutual meshing, so that the two pressure rollers 34 will rotate relative to each other, and the two pressure rollers 34 and the crushing block 35 will break up the powder inside the lower hopper 5 to prevent the powder from agglomerating inside the lower hopper 5, causing the discharge port to be blocked or the powder to be unable to be evenly spread in the subsequent process.

[0049] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the transmission assembly includes a rack plate 29, which is fixedly connected to one side of one of the movable plates 13. The teeth of the rack plate 29 are engaged with a driving gear 32. The shaft of the driving gear 32 and the shaft of one of the driven gears 33 are fixedly connected to a transmission ring 30. A transmission belt 31 is connected between the two transmission rings 30. The shaft of the driving gear 32 is rotatably connected to a clamping seat 36, and the clamping seat 36 is fixedly connected to the top of the workbench 1.

[0050] During operation: when the printing table 2 drives the movable plate 13 to move, it will drive the driving gear 32 to rotate through the rack plate 29. When the driving gear 32 rotates, it will drive the driven gear 33 to rotate through the transmission relationship between the transmission belt 31 and the two transmission rings 30, so that the two pressure rollers 34 rotate relative to each other to break up the powder.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a collecting box 37 is provided on the top of the workbench 1, and the collecting box 37 is located below the printing table 2. A powder absorber 38 is provided on one side of the collecting box 37. One end of the powder absorber 38 is fixedly connected to a recovery pipe 39, and the end of the recovery pipe 39 away from the collecting box 37 is fixedly connected to the top of the lower hopper 5.

[0052] During operation: When the printing table 2 moves in the reverse direction and resets, the scraper will eventually scrape the excess powder into the inside of the collection box 37. The excess powder will fall into the collection box 37, and the powder will be returned to the inside of the lower hopper 5 through the powder absorber 38 and the recovery pipe 39 for reuse, thereby realizing the recycling of resources.

[0053] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing, comprising a workbench, characterized in that: A printing table is provided above the workbench, and a control panel is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench. The bottom of the control panel is movably connected to a laser head, and one side of the control panel is fixedly connected to a feed bin, which is located on one side above the printing table. A telescopic rod is fixedly connected to one side of the feed bin, and a powder scraper plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod. A blocking plate is attached to the bottom of the feed bin, and a driving assembly for driving the printing table to move horizontally is provided below the printing table. A pushing and turning assembly is provided on the side of the printing table, and the pushing and turning assembly is used to increase the opening between the blocking plate and the feed bin in a step-by-step manner. A breaking assembly is provided inside the feed bin, and the breaking assembly is used to break up the powder inside the feed bin.

2. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the unloading hopper is fixedly connected to an articulated seat, the outer wall of the shaft of the articulated seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blocking plate, both ends of the articulated seat are fixedly connected to ratchets, the driving assembly includes two electric slide rails, the inner walls of the two electric slide rails are slidably connected to electric sliders, and the top of the electric slider is fixedly connected to one side of the printing table.

3. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The push-and-turn assembly includes two movable plates, which are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the printing table. The top of the movable plate is fixedly connected to multiple hinged platforms, the shafts of the multiple hinged platforms are fixedly connected to hinged rods, the tops of the hinged rods are fixedly connected to damping rods, the damping rods are movably connected to the inner wall of the movable plate, and the ends of the damping rods away from the hinged rods are fixedly connected to limit blocks, and the top of the limit blocks fits with the bottom of the movable plate.

4. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the shaft of the articulated seat is symmetrically fixedly connected with a rotating part, and the side surfaces of the rotating part are fixedly connected with two torsion springs. The ends of the two torsion springs away from the rotating part are fixedly connected with side connecting plates, and the side connecting plates are fixedly connected to the sides of the lower hopper. A locking assembly is provided above the ratchet, and the locking assembly is used to limit the position of the ratchet after rotation.

5. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning assembly includes two wedge-shaped blocks, with an inclined surface and a straight surface on both sides of the wedge-shaped blocks respectively. The tops of the wedge-shaped blocks are fixedly connected to springs, a lifting plate is fixedly connected between the tops of the two springs, a sliding rod is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate, and a receiving plate is fixedly connected to one side of the lower hopper. The sliding rod and the receiving plate are slidingly connected, and the spring elasticity is lower than the friction between the sliding rod and the receiving plate. An upward push assembly is provided on one side of the lifting plate, and the upward push assembly causes the lifting plate to move upward.

6. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The push-up assembly includes an equilateral triangle block, which is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate. The bottom of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to a push plate frame, and the bottom of the push plate frame is fixedly connected to an inverted triangle block. Both sides of the push plate frame are fixedly connected to external blocks, and the bottoms of the external blocks are fixedly connected to elastic columns. The elastic columns are fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, and the elastic stiffness of the elastic columns is higher than the elastic stiffness of the spring.

7. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 6, characterized in that: A torsion spring 1 is provided on the outside of each damping rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the hinged rod, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate. The number of hinged platforms and hinged rods is one-fourth the number of ratchet teeth.

8. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The breaking up assembly includes two pressure rollers, the outer walls of which are fixedly connected with a number of crushing blocks. The two pressure rollers are both located inside the lower hopper, and the shafts of the two pressure rollers are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower hopper. One end of the two pressure rollers is fixedly connected with a driven gear, and the teeth of the two driven gears are engaged with each other. A transmission assembly is provided on one side of the driven gear for driving one of the driven gears to rotate.

9. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a rack plate, which is fixedly connected to one side of one of the movable plates. The teeth of the rack plate are engaged with a driving gear. The shaft of the driving gear and one of the driven gear shafts are fixedly connected to a transmission ring. A transmission belt is connected between the two transmission rings. The shaft of the driving gear is rotatably connected to a clamping seat, and the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the top of the workbench.

10. The laser forming device based on metal powder additive manufacturing according to claim 9, characterized in that: A collection box is provided on the top of the workbench, and the collection box is located below the printing table. A powder absorber is provided on one side of the collection box. One end of the powder absorber is fixedly connected to a recovery pipe, and the end of the recovery pipe away from the collection box is fixedly connected to the top of the lower hopper.

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