PU (Polyurethane) bright-printing-resistant extremely-matte varnish and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and relates to a PU bright-printing-resistant extremely-matte varnish and a preparation method thereof. The component A is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 35 parts of polyester glycol resin, 0.3 to 1 part of polyamide wax anti-settling agent, 0.5 to 2 parts of dispersing agent, 0.2 to 0.5 part of defoaming agent, 6 to 10 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, 20 to 35 parts of 40 percent nitrocotton liquid, 5 to 7 parts of PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) microspheres, 0.2 to 0.4 part of organic silicon surface additive, 0.2 to 0.5 part of acrylate flatting agent, 0.4 to 0.8 part of drier and 15 to 30 parts of ethyl acetate; and the component B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of n-butyl acetate, 0.3-0.6 part of a dehydrating agent and 40-50 parts of an HDI curing agent. According to the PU bright-printing-resistant extremely-matte varnish prepared by adopting the two components and the preparation method disclosed by the invention, a varnish film is free from any bright printing and damage conditions when the varnish is forcibly scratched by nails, and the gloss is 1 degree when the varnish is tested by a gloss meter at an angle of 60 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and particularly relates to a PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with shifting consumer aesthetic trends, minimalist styles have become increasingly popular. However, glossy finishes, essential for decorative surfaces, can be garish due to their intense reflectiveness, clashing with the understated elegance sought in modern homes. In contrast, the softer sheen of full-matte finishes better aligns with minimalist design philosophies, creating a low-key, restrained ambiance and meeting the demands of high-end customization. Consequently, full-matte finishes (gloss 5 degrees < gloss < 8 degrees) are increasingly used in furniture finishes, and the use of super-matte finishes (gloss ≤ 2 degrees) is also increasing year by year.

[0003] However, under current technological conditions, matte finishes still have certain drawbacks and issues. For example, the matter the gloss, the more matting powder is added, resulting in a noticeable gloss mark on the paint film evenly scratched with a fingernail or other hard object. This gloss mark is not caused by damage to the paint film, but rather by the evenly distributed matting powder exposed on the paint surface. When subjected to external forces, it is squeezed to the sides, losing its matting effect and leaving a noticeable gloss mark where it was scratched. The matter the gloss, the more obvious the gloss mark, which significantly detracts from the aesthetics of furniture. Therefore, addressing the gloss mark resistance issue in extreme matte finishes is imperative. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provides a PU anti-gloss mark ultra-matte clear topcoat and a preparation method thereof. The PU anti-gloss mark ultra-matte clear topcoat provided by the present invention is prepared by mixing components A and B in a certain proportion. It does not leave any gloss marks even when scratched with a fingernail and has a glossiness of ≤2 degrees.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat, comprising a component A and a component B, wherein the ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:0.3-0.5;

[0007] In parts by weight, the A component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008]

[0009]

[0010] The 40% nitrocellulose solution is a nitrocellulose solution dissolved in n-butyl acetate, and the nitrocellulose accounts for 40%; the PMMA microspheres are PMMA microspheres which are polymethyl methacrylate cross-linked microspheres;

[0011] In parts by weight, the B component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012] 50-60 parts of n-butyl acetate

[0013] 0.3-0.6 parts of dehydrating agent

[0014] 40-50 parts of HDI curing agent.

[0015] The design principle of the present invention is:

[0016] The film-forming substances in the paint film are mainly resin and curing agent, in addition there are some additives and solid powder. The reason why general PU super matte clear topcoat has bright marks when scratched lightly is because the matte powder and film-forming substances on the surface of the paint film are deformed under force, and the matte powder loses its matte effect; if the main film-forming substances and powders of the paint film have a certain elasticity, then even if they are deformed after being subjected to external force, they can still return to their original state when the external force is removed, thus having the effect of no bright marks when scratched by nails.

[0017] Matt paints typically incorporate silica matting powder or organic matting powder for matte removal. These matting powders are rigid substances and, when added in relatively large quantities in ultra-matt paints, can easily produce gloss marks when subjected to external forces. The present invention eliminates matting powder components and instead employs PMMA microspheres, which, due to their porous spherical structure and elasticity, provide a strong matting effect in the paint film without compromising the anti-gloss mark effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35.

[0019] Furthermore, the 40% nitrocellulose solution is Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose, which is a solution of 40% Chuangyue 1 / 4 second cotton and 60% n-butyl acetate.

[0020] Elastic paints typically use a polyester diol resin reacted with an HDI curing agent. However, elastic paints dry slowly overall and typically require high-temperature baking to cure. Furniture factories generally lack baking equipment, making on-site application impossible. Furthermore, the final hardness of the paint film is low, failing to meet the HB hardness requirement of GB23997-2009. To address this issue, the present invention incorporates 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose solution and a drying agent into the clear topcoat to enhance solvent release and drying properties, allowing for natural drying at room temperature while also increasing the final hardness.

[0021] Furthermore, the PMMA microspheres are Zhejiang Jingtong Technology NMT-10.

[0022] Furthermore, the drying agent is Air Chemical T-12.

[0023] Furthermore, the polyester diol resin is Zuo Ronggong 18#; the polyamide wax anti-settling agent is HX8800; the dispersant is EFKA4010; the defoaming agent is BYK141; the silicone surface additive can reduce surface tension while improving surface anti-fouling ability, preferably BYK3700; the acrylic ester leveling agent is BYK358N.

[0024] Furthermore, the HDI curing agent is Wanhua HI-100; and the dehydrating agent is BF-5.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat as described in any one of the above items, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Adding polyester diol resin, polyamide wax anti-settling agent, dispersant, defoamer, and methyl isobutyl ketone into a dispersion tank in sequence, dispersing at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm, then adding 40% nitrocellulose solution, stirring at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, then adding PMMA microspheres and dispersing at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm, finally adding silicone surface additive, acrylic leveling agent, drying agent, and ethyl acetate and stirring at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component A;

[0027] (2) Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent, and HDI curing agent in sequence, and stir at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

[0028] Furthermore, during construction and use, the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat is prepared according to a weight ratio of component A to component B of 1:0.3-0.5.

[0029] Preferably, the ratio of component A to component B in the PU anti-brightness mark ultra-matte clear topcoat provided by the present invention is 1:0.35, and an appropriate amount of diluent is added during construction. The diluent is a conventional PU paint diluent, and the construction viscosity is 11-13 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). It is naturally dried at a temperature above 5°C for 8 hours. There is no bright mark when scratched with a fingernail, and the gloss reaches 1 degree.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] (1) The PU anti-brightness print extremely matte clear topcoat prepared by the present invention is a two-component paint. When scratched with a fingernail, the paint film has no brightness print or damage. The gloss is 1 degree when tested at an angle of 60 degrees using a gloss meter.

[0032] (2) The addition of 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose slurry and a drying agent to the clear topcoat formulation of the present invention allows for natural drying at room temperature while also increasing the final hardness. Furthermore, the use of porous, spherical, and elastic PMMA microspheres provides a strong matting effect in the paint film without affecting the anti-glossing effect. The synergistic effect of the various raw materials in the formulation of the present invention solves the anti-glossing problem of the extremely matte clear topcoat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To further understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The invention provides a PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat, comprising a component A and a component B, wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:0.3-0.5.

[0035] Component A is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of polyester diol resin, 0.3-1 part of polyamide wax anti-settling agent, 0.5-2 parts of dispersant, 0.2-0.5 parts of defoamer, 6-10 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, 20-35 parts of 40% nitrocellulose solution, 5-7 parts of PMMA microspheres, 0.2-0.4 parts of silicone surface additive, 0.2-0.5 parts of acrylate leveling agent, 0.4-0.8 parts of drying agent, and 15-30 parts of ethyl acetate;

[0036] Component B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of n-butyl acetate, 0.3-0.6 parts of a dehydrating agent, and 40-50 parts of an HDI curing agent.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, in the PU anti-gloss print ultra-matte clear topcoat provided by the present invention, the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.3-0.5, specifically 1:0.3, 1:0.32, 1:0.35, 1:0.37, 1:0.4, 1:0.45, 1:0.47, or 1:0.5, or any other ratio within the range of 1:0.3-0.5. Preferably, the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35.

[0039] In component A, the polyester diol resin includes, but is not limited to, 25 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, 33 parts, or 35 parts by weight; the polyamide wax anti-settling agent includes, but is not limited to, 0.3 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.9 parts, and 1 part; the dispersant includes, but is not limited to, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.9 parts, 1.1 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.8 parts, and 2 parts; the defoaming agent includes, but is not limited to, 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, and 0.5 parts; the methyl isobutyl ketone includes, but is not limited to, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, and 10 parts; 40% nitric acid The cotton liquid includes but is not limited to 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, and 35 parts; PMMA microspheres include but are not limited to 5 parts, 6 parts, and 7 parts; silicone surface additives include but are not limited to 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, and 0.4 parts; acrylic leveling agents include but are not limited to 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, and 0.5 parts; drying agents include but are not limited to 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.7 parts, and 0.8 parts; ethyl acetate includes but is not limited to 15 parts, 17 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, and 30 parts.

[0040] In component B, based on parts by weight, n-butyl acetate includes but is not limited to 50 parts, 52 parts, 54 parts, 55 parts, 57 parts, 59 parts or 60 parts; the dehydrating agent includes but is not limited to 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts or 0.6 parts; the HDI curing agent includes but is not limited to 40 parts, 42 parts, 44 parts, 45 parts, 47 parts, 49 parts, and 50 parts.

[0041] In certain specific embodiments, in the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat, polyester diol resins include but are not limited to Zuo Ronggong 18#; polyamide wax anti-settling agents include but are not limited to HX8800; dispersants include but are not limited to EFKA4010; defoaming agents include but are not limited to BYK141; 40% nitrocellulose liquid includes but is not limited to Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose; PMMA microspheres include but are not limited to Zhejiang Jingtong Technology NMT-10; silicone surface additives include but are not limited to BYK3700; acrylate leveling agents include but are not limited to BYK358N; drying agents include but are not limited to Air Chemical T-12; dehydrating agents include but are not limited to BF-5; HDI curing agents include but are not limited to Wanhua HI-100.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the preparation method of the PU anti-bright printing extremely matte clear topcoat provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) Polyester diol resin, polyamide wax anti-settling agent, dispersant, defoaming agent, and methyl isobutyl ketone are sequentially added into a dispersion tank and dispersed at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm. Then, 40% nitrocellulose solution is added and stirred at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform. Then, PMMA microspheres are added and dispersed at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm. Finally, silicone surface additive, acrylic leveling agent, drying agent, and ethyl acetate are added and stirred at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform. Component A is obtained.

[0044] In step (1), the high-speed dispersion time can be 15 minutes, 17 minutes, 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 25 minutes, 27 minutes or 30 minutes, or any time within the range of 15 to 30 minutes, as long as the desired fineness can be obtained. Preferably, the high-speed dispersion time is 20 minutes.

[0045] The stirring time at medium speed can be 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes or 12 minutes, or any time within the range of 8 to 12 minutes, as long as the mixture can be stirred evenly. Preferably, the stirring time at medium speed is 10 minutes.

[0046] (2) Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent, and HDI curing agent in sequence, and stir at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

[0047] In step (2), the stirring time at medium speed can be 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes or 12 minutes, or any time within the range of 8 to 12 minutes, as long as the mixture can be stirred evenly. Preferably, the stirring time at medium speed is 10 minutes.

[0048] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 11-13 seconds (Iwata 2# cup).

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The raw material components and their weight proportions of the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat of this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0051] (1) Component A

[0052] Zuo Ronggong 18#, HX8800, dispersant EFKA4010, defoamer BYK141, and methyl isobutyl ketone were sequentially added into the dispersion tank and dispersed at high speed for 20 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Then, Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose was added and stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes until uniform. Then, PMMA microspheres NMT-10 were added and dispersed at high speed for 20 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Finally, BYK3700, BYK358N, Air Chemical T-12, and ethyl acetate were added and stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes until uniform. Component A was obtained.

[0053] (2) Component B

[0054] Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent BF-5 and Wanhua HI-100 in sequence, stir at medium speed for 10 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

[0055] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 12 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). Spraying is 100-120g / m 2 After drying for 8 hours, the paint film is smooth and flat, with a hardness of HB and a gloss of 1 degree. There are no shiny marks when scratched by nails.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The raw material components and their weight proportions of the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat of this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0058] (1) Component A

[0059] Zuo Ronggong 18#, HX8800, dispersant EFKA4010, defoamer BYK141, and methyl isobutyl ketone were sequentially added into the dispersion tank and dispersed at high speed for 15 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Then, Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose was added and stirred at medium speed for 8 minutes until uniform. Then, PMMA microspheres NMT-10 were added and dispersed at high speed for 15 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Finally, BYK3700, BYK358N, Air Chemical T-12, and ethyl acetate were added and stirred at medium speed for 8 minutes until uniform. Component A was obtained.

[0060] (2) Component B

[0061] Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent BF-5 and Wanhua HI-100 in sequence, stir at medium speed for 8 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

[0062] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 11 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). Spraying is 100-120g / m 2 After drying for 8 hours, the paint film is smooth and flat, with a hardness of HB and a gloss of 1 degree. There are no shiny marks when scratched by nails.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The raw material components and their weight proportions of the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat of this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0065] (1) Component A

[0066] Zuo Ronggong 18#, HX8800, dispersant EFKA4010, defoamer BYK141, and methyl isobutyl ketone were sequentially added into the dispersion tank and dispersed at high speed for 30 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Then, Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose was added and stirred at medium speed for 12 minutes until uniform. Then, PMMA microspheres NMT-10 were added and dispersed at high speed for 30 minutes until the fineness was ≤25 μm. Finally, BYK3700, BYK358N, Air Chemical T-12, and ethyl acetate were added and stirred at medium speed for 12 minutes until uniform. Component A was obtained.

[0067] (2) Component B

[0068] Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent BF-5 and Wanhua HI-100 in sequence, stir at medium speed for 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

[0069] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.4. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 13 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). Spraying is 100-120g / m 2 After drying for 8 hours, the paint film is smooth and flat, with a hardness of HB and a gloss of 1 degree. There are no shiny marks when scratched by nails.

[0070] Table 1 Raw material components of PU anti-bright printing extremely matte clear topcoat in Examples 1-3

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat provided in this comparative example is composed of two components A and B; wherein the raw materials of component B and their weight proportions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0075] Component A includes 16 parts of 40% nitrocellulose solution, 7 parts of PMMA microspheres, and 38.3 parts of ethyl acetate; the remaining raw materials and their weight proportions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0076] The preparation method of the PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat of Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1, and components A and B are prepared respectively.

[0077] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 11-13 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). Spraying is 100-120g / m 2 After drying for 8 hours, the paint film was tested to be smooth and flat, with a hardness of 2B and a gloss of 2 degrees. The paint film was scratched by scratching with a fingernail, and there was also an obvious bright mark.

[0078] In Comparative Example 1, the ratio of polyester diol resin to nitrocellulose solution was increased, which significantly deteriorated the drying property and failed to achieve the desired effect.

[0079] Comparative Example 2

[0080] The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat provided in this comparative example is composed of two components A and B; wherein the raw materials of component B and their weight proportions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0081] In component A, PMMA microspheres were replaced with Grace C7 matte powder, and the remaining raw materials and their weight proportions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 2 provides a method for preparing a PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat, except that Grace C7 matte powder is added instead of PMMA microspheres NMT-10 in the step of adding the PMMA microspheres NMT-10; the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1, and components A and B are prepared respectively.

[0083] The ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.35. Add appropriate amount of diluent during construction. The construction viscosity is 11-13 seconds (Iwata 2# cup). Spraying is 100-120g / m 2 After drying for 8 hours, the paint film was smooth and flat, with a hardness of HB and a gloss of 1 degree. A light scratch with a nail had obvious bright marks. After replacing C7 in Comparative Example 2, the resistance to bright marks was significantly worse.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PU anti-bright printing matte clear topcoat, characterized in that: It comprises component A and component B, wherein the ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.3-0.5; In parts by weight, the A component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: The 40% nitrocellulose solution is a nitrocellulose solution dissolved in n-butyl acetate, and the nitrocellulose accounts for 40%; the PMMA microspheres are PMMA microspheres which are polymethyl methacrylate cross-linked microspheres; In parts by weight, the B component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of n-butyl acetate 0.3-0.6 parts of dehydrating agent 40-50 parts of HDI curing agent.

2. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.

35.

3. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 40% nitrocellulose solution is Chuangyue 1 / 4 second nitrocellulose, which is a solution of 40% Chuangyue 1 / 4 second cotton and 60% n-butyl acetate.

4. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PMMA microspheres are NMT-10 from Zhejiang Jingtong Technology.

5. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying agent is Air Chemical T-12.

6. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyester diol resin is Zuo Ronggong 18#; the polyamide wax anti-settling agent is HX8800; the dispersant is EFKA4010; the defoaming agent is BYK141; the silicone surface additive is BYK3700; and the acrylic ester leveling agent is BYK358N.

7. The PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The HDI curing agent is Wanhua HI-100; the dehydrating agent is BF-5.

8. A method for preparing the PU anti-brightness printing ultra-matte clear topcoat according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Adding polyester diol resin, polyamide wax anti-settling agent, dispersant, defoamer, and methyl isobutyl ketone into a dispersion tank in sequence, dispersing at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm, then adding 40% nitrocellulose solution, stirring at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, then adding PMMA microspheres and dispersing at high speed for 15 to 30 minutes until the fineness is ≤25 μm, finally adding silicone surface additive, acrylic leveling agent, drying agent, and ethyl acetate and stirring at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component A; (2) Add n-butyl acetate, dehydrating agent, and HDI curing agent in sequence, and stir at medium speed for 8 to 12 minutes until uniform, to prepare component B.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that During construction and use, the PU anti-brightness printing extremely matte clear topcoat is prepared according to a weight ratio of component A to component B of 1:0.3-0.5.

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