System and method for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) binding in non-terrestrial network (NTN)

Abstract

Systems and methods for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) binding in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) are presented. A wireless communication device may send an indication of its capability to a wireless communication node, which may be associated with pre-compensation of a segment of an uplink transmission. The wireless communication device may transmit an uplink transmission within a time domain window (TDW) for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) binding according to the capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) bundling in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a standards organization, is currently developing standards for a new radio interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) and the Next Generation Core Network (NG-CN or NGC). 5G NR will consist of three main components: the 5G Access Network (5G AN), the 5G Core Network (5GC), and the User Equipment (UE). To facilitate the implementation of diverse data services and requirements, the various elements of the 5GC (also known as network functions) have been simplified, with some being software-based and some hardware-based, so that they can be adapted as needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are intended to solve one or more problems in the prior art and to provide additional features that will become apparent when reference is made to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. According to various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are intended to be examples and not limitations, and a person of ordinary skill in the art reading this document will understand that various modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments (e.g., including combining features from various disclosed examples, embodiments, and / or implementations) while still within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0004] At least one aspect relates to the following systems, methods, apparatuses, or computer-readable media. A wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) may send a capability indication of the wireless communication device to a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS)). The capability may be associated with pre-compensation of a segment of an uplink (UL) transmission. The wireless communication device may, based on the capability, send an uplink transmission (e.g., a repetition of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission) within a time domain window (TDW) for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling. In some embodiments, when an event (violating power consistency and phase continuity) occurs, the actual TDW may be determined by the UE. The UE may determine the actual TDW. Within the nominal TDW, events that may cause loss of power consistency and phase continuity in the following transmissions may be uplink timing adjustments or frequency hopping: PUSCH transmissions of PUSCH repetition type A scheduled by DCI format 0_1 ​​or 0_2, PUSCH transmissions of PUSCH repetition type A with configured grant, PUSCH transmissions of PUSCH repetition type B, PUSCH transmissions with TB processing spanning multiple time slots, and PUCCH transmissions with repeated Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

[0005] In some embodiments, the capability may include at least one of the following: (1) the ability of the wireless communication device to perform segment pre-compensation for uplink transmission; (2) the ability of the wireless communication device to support or provide a segment length for segment pre-compensation; (3) the ability of the wireless communication device to support a TDW size that is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation; (4) the ability of the wireless communication device to support a maximum TDW size that is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation.

[0006] In some embodiments, a wireless communication device may determine a TDW for DMRS bundling based on at least one of the following: a new occurrence of segment pre-compensation that violates power consistency and phase continuity between segments; assistance information from the wireless communication device indicating segment pre-compensation update information or timing information; or a configuration of the wireless communication node indicating segment pre-compensation update information or timing information. The TDW may be determined using the assistance information and may define a new occurrence of segment pre-compensation. The assistance information may include assistance information reported by the UE or a configuration indicated by the network.

[0007] In some embodiments, a wireless communication device may receive an indication from a wireless communication node regarding whether the wireless communication node is to perform phase post-compensation. The wireless communication device may receive configuration information from the wireless communication node, the configuration information including at least one of the following: a nominal TDW, a segment length for segment pre-compensation, and a maximum TDW size across multiple segments. The wireless communication device may send auxiliary information to the wireless communication node, the auxiliary information including at least one of the following: an indication of the segment length, and timing information for segment pre-compensation. The timing information may include at least one of the following: a start time or an end time of pre-compensation or TDW. When the UE starts / ends pre-compensation, the UE may send a signal to the BS. The UE may calculate / estimate / send the start / end time of pre-compensation. The timing information may be a time instance or a system frame number (SFN). When the capability includes (1) or (2), the method may include: determining an actual TDW that needs to end before a new event occurs based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, and end time (e.g., the last symbol of a PUSCH transmission before the event occurs).

[0008] When the capability includes (3) or (4), the method includes: determining the actual TDW based on at least one of the following: a scaling factor, an offset relative to the segment length configured by the wireless communication node, a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node; a maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device. The network can configure a new TDW, for example, the segment length or longer than the segment length. If the nominal TDW is configured, the UE can determine the nominal TDW based on an indication from the base station (for example, the PUSCH time domain window length PUSCH-TimeDomainWindowLength). If the PUSCH-TimeDomainWindowLength is not configured, the nominal TDW can be calculated as min([maxDMRS-BundlingDuration], M), where min() is a minimum function. [maxDMRS-BundlingDuration] can be the maximum duration of the nominal TDW depending on the UE capability. M can be the duration of all PUSCH repeated transmissions in consecutive time slots. The maximum TDW can depend on the UE capability across segments.

[0009] In some embodiments, the method may include determining that the TDW has at least one of the following: a start time at the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in a time slot of an uplink transmission across multiple time slots occurring within a nominal TDW; and an end time at the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in another time slot of the PUSCH transmission occurring within the nominal TDW. The start time and the end time may not be in the same time slot, but may be within the same nominal TDW. The PUSCH transmission may include multiple repetitions.

[0010] When the capability includes (1) or (2), and the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include determining the TDW based on at least one of: a scaling factor, an offset relative to a segment length configured for the wireless communication node, a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node, and a maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device.

[0011] When the capability includes (1) or (2) and the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include: determining that the TDW has at least one of the following: a start time at the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission of a time slot in a PUSCH transmission of an uplink transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW; an end time at the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission of the time slot for the PUSCH transmission within the nominal TDW. When the capability includes (1) or (2) and the wireless communication node is not to perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include: determining the TDW before a new event of segment pre-compensation based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, end time.

[0012] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one of the following to the wireless communication node via at least one signaling: an indication of capability and auxiliary information. The at least one signaling may include at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling and Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) signaling. The wireless communication device may receive the following indication from the wireless communication node via at least one signaling: whether the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation for phase drift and a new event for segmented pre-compensation; wherein the at least one signaling includes at least one of the following: RRC signaling, Master Information Block (MIB) signaling, and System Information Block (SIB) signaling.

[0013] In some embodiments, when (i) the nominal time domain window (TDW) configured for the wireless communication node is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation, and (ii) the capability includes (1) or (2), the method may include: determining the TDW based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, and end time. When the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is equal to the segment length for segment pre-compensation, the method may include: determining the TDW based on the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication device. When the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is equal to the maximum TDW size, and the maximum TDW size is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation, the method may include: determining the TDW based on the maximum TDW size.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the capabilities include the wireless communication device being unable to perform pre-compensation, the TDW may be determined by a defined or pre-existing method.

[0015] In some embodiments, a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station) may receive an indication of wireless communication device capabilities from a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment). The capabilities may be associated with segmented pre-compensation for uplink transmissions (e.g., repetition of PUSCH transmissions). Based on the capabilities, the wireless communication node may receive uplink transmissions from the wireless communication device within a time domain window (TDW) for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and depict only example embodiments of the present solution to aid the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be construed as limiting the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] Figure 1 An example cellular communication network is shown in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 A block diagram of an example base station and user equipment according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 An example non-terrestrial network NTN according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 Segmented pre-compensation according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 A flowchart of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in an NTN according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 6 A flowchart of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in an NTN according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 7 A flowchart of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in an NTN according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 8 A flowchart of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in an NTN according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] 1. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment

[0026] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network and / or system 100 is shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as "network 100." Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter referred to as "BS 102"; also referred to as a wireless communication node) and a user equipment 104 (hereinafter referred to as "UE 104"; also referred to as a wireless communication device), which may communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel), and a set of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 covering a geographic area 101. Figure 1 1 , BS 102 and UE 104 are both located within the geographic boundaries of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 may include at least one base station operating within its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate wireless coverage for its intended users.

[0027] For example, BS 102 can operate within the allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide sufficient coverage for UE 104. BS 102 and UE 104 can communicate via downlink (DL) radio frames 118 and uplink radio frames 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 can be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, each of which can contain data symbols 122 / 128. In the present invention, BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of "communication nodes," which can generally implement the methods disclosed herein. According to various embodiments of the present solution, such communication nodes can perform wireless and / or wired communications.

[0028] Figure 2A block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals / Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) signals) according to some embodiments of the present solution is shown. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features, which need not be described in detail herein. In an exemplary embodiment, the system 200 may be used in a wireless communication environment (e.g., as described above) Figure 1 The wireless communication environment 100 shown communicates (eg, sends and receives) data symbols.

[0029] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter referred to as "BS 202") and a user equipment 204 (hereinafter referred to as "UE 204"). BS 202 includes a BS transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each of which is coupled and interconnected as necessary via a data communication bus 220. UE 204 includes a UE transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each of which is coupled and interconnected as necessary via a data communication bus 240. BS 202 communicates with UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for data transmission as described herein.

[0030] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the system 200 may also include Figure 2 Any number of modules other than the modules shown. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described in terms of their functions. Whether these functions are implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. Those familiar with the concepts of the present invention can implement these functions in an appropriate manner for each specific application, but these implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0031] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an uplink (UL) transceiver 230 and includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to an antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time division duplex manner. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a downlink (DL) transceiver 210 and includes an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to an antenna 212. The downlink duplex switch may couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time division duplex manner. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuit is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 to receive transmissions on the wireless transmission link 250 while the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 can also be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 to receive transmissions on the wireless transmission link 250 while the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is tight time synchronization between duplex direction changes and very short guard times.

[0032] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via a wireless data communication link 250 and to work in conjunction with an appropriately configured RF antenna device 212 / 232 that is capable of supporting a specific wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some exemplary embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not necessarily limited to the application of specific standards and related protocols. Instead, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 can be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variants thereof.

[0033] According to various embodiments, BS 202 may be an evolved Node B (eNB), a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto or pico station, etc. In some embodiments, UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user equipment, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a wearable computing device, etc. Processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented by a general-purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, which are intended to perform the functions described herein. In this way, the processor may be implemented as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

[0034] In addition, the steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be directly embodied in hardware, firmware, or software modules executed by the processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or any practical combination thereof. The storage modules 216 and 234 can be implemented as random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, the storage modules 216 and 234 can be coupled to the processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, so that the processor modules 214 and 236 can read information from and write information to the storage modules 216 and 234, respectively. The storage modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 214 and 236. In some embodiments, the storage modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information while the processor modules 214 and 236 execute instructions, respectively. The storage modules 216 and 234 may also each include a non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 214 and 236, respectively.

[0035] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bidirectional communication between the base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communicate with the base station 202. For example, the network communication module 218 may be configured to support Internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment (but not limited to), the network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface to enable the base station transceiver 210 to communicate with a conventional Ethernet-based computer network. Thus, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connecting to a computer network (e.g., a Mobile Switching Center (MSC)). As used herein, the terms "configured to," "configured for," and combinations thereof, when referring to a specific operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc. that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted, and / or arranged to perform a specific operation or function.

[0036] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (referred to herein as the "OSI model") is a conceptual and logical layout that defines the network communications used by systems (e.g., wireless communication devices and wireless communication nodes) to interconnect and communicate with other systems. The model is divided into seven subcomponents or layers, each representing a conceptual set of services provided to upper and lower layers. The OSI model also defines a logical network and effectively describes the transmission of computer data packets using different layer protocols. The OSI model is also referred to as the seven-layer OSI model or seven-layer model. In some embodiments, layer 1 may be the physical layer. In some embodiments, layer 2 may be the media access control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, layer 3 may be the radio link control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, layer 4 may be the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, layer 5 may be the RRC layer. In some embodiments, layer 6 may be the non-access stratum (NAS) layer or the Internet Protocol (IP) layer, while layer 7 is another layer.

[0037] Various example embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure that various changes or modifications may be made to the examples described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and shown herein. In addition, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example methods. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes may be rearranged without exceeding the scope of the invention. Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or actions in an example order, and unless otherwise expressly stated, the present invention is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0038] 2. System and Method for Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) Bundling in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs)

[0039] Coverage enhancement of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) can alleviate the performance loss caused by the long distance between the UE and the satellite. Coverage enhancement of terrestrial networks (TNs) may include demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling and / or joint channel estimation (JCE). However, due to the high mobility of satellites in NTNs, timing drift may be very fast and the timing advance (TA) pre-compensation value may need to be adjusted frequently. In order to implement DMRS bundling in NTNs, segmented pre-compensation can be used on the UE side to maintain power consistency and phase continuity within the UL transmission segment length. However, even if the UE has the capability of segmented pre-compensation, the BS side may not be able to determine the size of the DMRS bundling (e.g., the actual time domain window (TDW)) without relevant signaling or auxiliary information. In the present invention, how to reach a consensus on the determination of the actual TDW will be explained. On the other hand, when considering advanced UEs that expand the TDW across UL segments through UE implementation, the size of the TDW can also be determined.

[0040] Figure 3 An example representation of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) (e.g., a transparent NTN) is shown. In some embodiments, the link between the UE and the satellite can be a serving link. The link between the BS and the satellite can be a feeder link. All UEs in the same cell can share the feeder link.

[0041] In the terrestrial network TN system, methods for enhancing coverage may include: repeated transmission and / or joint channel estimation JCE. For the repeated transmission method, the transmitter can repeatedly send messages within a period of time. The receiver can combine these repeatedly sent messages to improve decoding performance. For the joint channel estimation JCE method, the reference signal (RS) can be used jointly at different time points to estimate the channel. JCE can provide more accurate channel estimation and / or better decoding performance. In the JCE method, the demodulation reference signal DMRS can be bundled, for example, it can be identified as quasi co-located (QCL) in the channel estimation.

[0042] Segmented precompensation applies different timing advance (TA) and / or frequency offset precompensation to different parts of a single UL transmission. To prevent timing offset / frequency offset (TO / FO) from exceeding tolerable limits, the precompensated TA and / or Doppler can be adjusted over time to mitigate timing and / or frequency drift caused by satellite mobility. When the adjustment period is shorter than the total duration of a single transmission (including multiple repetitions), the transmission can be divided into multiple segments. Each segment can use or adhere to a specific TA and / or Doppler precompensation value.

[0043] Figure 4Segmented pre-compensation according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Segmented pre-compensation helps maintain power consistency and phase continuity during UL segments, but the DMRS bundling size (e.g., the actual TDW size) can be determined based on events. Specifically, within the nominal TDW, these events may result in the inability to maintain power consistency and phase continuity between the following transmissions: PUSCH transmissions with PUSCH repetition type A scheduled by DCI format 0_1 ​​or 0_2, PUSCH transmissions with PUSCH repetition type A configured with grants, PUSCH transmissions with PUSCH repetition type B or multi-slot TB processing, and PUCCH transmissions with PUCCH repetitions.These events can be at least one of the following: downlink time slots based on tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated (for unpaired spectrum), or downlink reception, or downlink monitoring; the gap between any two consecutive PUSCH transmissions or the gap between any two consecutive PUCCH transmissions, for a normal cyclic prefix (Normal CP) exceeding 13 symbols, or for an extended cyclic prefix (Extended CP) exceeding 13 symbols; CP) exceeds 11 symbols; the gap between any two consecutive PUSCH transmissions or the gap between any two consecutive PUCCH transmissions does not exceed 13 symbols (for normal cyclic prefix), but other uplink transmissions are scheduled between these two consecutive PUSCH transmissions or two consecutive PUCCH transmissions; when for PUSCH transmission of PUSCH repetition type A, or PUSCH transmission of PUSCH repetition type B, or PUSCH transmission processed across multiple time slots, the event may be the dropping or cancellation of PUSCH transmission; for PUCCH transmission of PUCCH repetition, the event may be the dropping or cancellation of PUCCH transmission; when for any two consecutive PUSCH transmissions of PUSCH repetition type A or PUSCH repetition type B, and when two sounding reference signals (Sounding Reference Signals) are configured in srs-ResourceSetToAddModList or srs-ResourceSetToAddModListDCI-0-2 When the high-level parameter "usage" in the SRS-ResourceSet is set to "codebook" or "non-codebook", the two PUSCH transmissions may be associated with different SRS resource sets; when there are any two consecutive PUCCH transmissions for PUCCH repetition, and when the PUCCH resources used by the UE for PUCCH transmission repetition include a first and a second spatial relationship or a first and a second set of power control parameters, the two PUCCH transmissions may use different spatial relationships or different power control parameters; uplink timing adjustment in response to a timing advance command; frequency hopping; or for a reduced-capability half-duplex UE, the event may be the dropping or cancellation of a PUSCH or PUCCH transmission, or the gap between two consecutive PUSCH or PUCCH transmissions overlaps with any symbol of downlink reception or downlink monitoring.

[0044] For example, when the UE receives the nominal time domain window TDW configured by the network, the actual TDW can be determined as follows: in the time slot used for PUSCH repeated transmission within the nominal TDW, the start of the first actual TDW is the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission; the end of the actual TDW is the last symbol of the PUSCH transmission before the event (such as uplink timing adjustment or frequency hopping). Therefore, the determination of the actual TDW may depend on different events. Similarly, when the UE performs segment pre-compensation during one UL segment, the power consistency and phase continuity between the UL segments may not be maintained. Therefore, the determination of the actual TDW may be affected by segment pre-compensation.

[0045] Figure 5 A flowchart for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. To determine the actual or nominal time domain window (TDW), the following UE capabilities may be indicated to the base station: whether the UE supports segment precompensation; whether the UE is capable of calculating / determining / providing the precompensated segment length; whether the UE supports a DMRS TDW size longer than the precompensated segment length, which means that the UE is capable of achieving power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments based on segment precompensation and UE implementation; and the maximum supported DMRS TDW size. When the UE supports a DMRS TDW larger than the segment length, this may indicate / imply that the UE is capable of achieving power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments based on segment precompensation and UE implementation. To implement joint channel estimation for DMRS bundling in NTNs, a new segment precompensation event may be defined to determine the actual TDW. Furthermore, the determination of the actual TDW may depend on the UE capabilities.

[0046] Implementation Example 1: TDW can be determined based on the UE's segment length capability or segment pre-compensation capability and the new event of segment pre-compensation

[0047] Figure 5 A flowchart of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0048] When a UE has segment precompensation capability to account for phase variations caused by timing or Doppler drift in an NTN, segment precompensation events can be defined and may occur. These events may disrupt power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments. This significantly impacts the determination of the time domain window (TDW) size. To help the BS and UE reach a consensus on the TDW, at least one of the following UE capabilities can be indicated to the BS: whether the UE supports segment precompensation; the precompensated segment length; whether the UE supports a DMRS TDW size longer than the precompensated segment length (implying that the UE is able to achieve power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments based on segment precompensation and UE implementation); and, if the UE supports a DMRS TDW size longer than the segment length (implying that the UE is able to achieve power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments based on segment precompensation and UE implementation), the maximum DMRS TDW size (implying that the UE is able to achieve power consistency and phase continuity across UL segments based on segment precompensation and UE implementation).

[0049] DMRS bundling can be achieved as long as the UE capability supports segment pre-compensation, but segment pre-compensation events may occur (for example, events that violate power consistency and phase continuity between UL segments). Therefore, the user equipment capabilities and events need to be considered when determining the actual TDW.

[0050] (1) When the UE does not have the segment pre-compensation capability, the segment pre-compensation event may not occur, and the actual TDW can be determined by the event.

[0051] (2) When the UE has segment precompensation capability, a segment precompensation event may occur, and the actual TDW can be determined from the event. In addition to reporting the UE capability, auxiliary information including segment length or segment precompensation timing can be indicated to the BS. The UE can report its self-calculated segment length or segment precompensation timing to the BS. The timing can be the system frame number (SFN) to indicate the end of the actual TDW. Both UE capability signaling and auxiliary information can be reported via RRC or MAC CE signaling.

[0052] (3) When the UE has the capability to support segment length pre-compensation, a segment pre-compensation event may occur, and the actual TDW can be determined based on the event. Based on the reported UE segment length capability, the end of the actual TDW can be determined based on the segment length at the time of the event. UE capability signaling can be reported via RRC or MAC CE signaling.

[0053] (4) When the DMRS TDW size of the UE exceeds the pre-compensated segment length, the segment pre-compensation event may not occur, and the actual TDW can be determined by the configured TDW or the nominal TDW. Based on the reported UE capabilities, the start of the first actual TDW can be the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in the first time slot of a PUSCH transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW, and the end of the actual TDW can be the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in the last time slot of a PUSCH transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW. UE capability signaling can be reported via RRC or MAC CE signaling.

[0054] (5) When the UE has the capability to support a maximum DMRS TDW size that exceeds the segment length, a segment pre-compensation event may not occur, and the actual TDW may be determined by the configured TDW or the maximum DMRS TDW size. Based on the reported UE capabilities, the start of the first actual TDW may be the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in the first slot of a PUSCH transmission spanning multiple slots within the nominal TDW, and the end of the actual TDW may be the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in the last slot of a PUSCH transmission spanning multiple slots within the nominal TDW. UE capability signaling may be reported via RRC or MAC CE signaling.

[0055] For example, for joint channel estimation of PUSCH repetitions across multiple time slots, the PUSCH transmission may be covered by one or more nominal TDWs. Once the UE has segmented pre-compensation capability, one or more actual TDWs may be determined within a configured TDW. The start of the first actual TDW may be the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in a time slot of PUSCH transmissions across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW. The end of the first actual TDW may be the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in a time slot of PUSCH transmissions across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW, or the last symbol of the PUSCH transmission before an event occurs that would result in a loss of power consistency and phase continuity between PUSCH transmissions of PUSCH repetitions.

[0056] The above event can be defined as a violation of the segment pre-compensation of power consistency and phase continuity between UL segments. UE capabilities and auxiliary information can be reported to reach a consensus on the determination of the actual TDW on the UE and BS sides.

[0057] Implementation Example 2: TDW can be determined based on the UE's segmented pre-compensation and BS-side post-compensation capabilities.

[0058] Figure 6This figure shows a flowchart for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to one embodiment of the present invention. If the base station (BS) supports post-compensation for phase drift to effectively reduce phase difference, the actual TDW may increase. The BS's ability to support post-compensation for phase drift can be indicated via SIB or RRC signaling. TDW determination is also affected by BS-side post-compensation, as summarized below.

[0059] (1) When the UE does not have the segment pre-compensation capability, the segment pre-compensation event may not occur, and the actual TDW can be determined by the event.

[0060] (2) When the UE has segment length or segment pre-compensation capabilities and the BS performs post-compensation for phase drift, the segment pre-compensation event may not occur, and the actual TDW can be determined by the configured TDW or nominal TDW. The UE can report its capabilities via RRC or MACCE signaling, and the BS-side phase drift post-compensation and new segment pre-compensation events can be indicated to the UE via MIB, SIB, or RRC signaling.

[0061] (3) When the UE has segment pre-compensation capability and the BS does not perform post-compensation for phase drift, a segment pre-compensation event may occur, and the actual TDW can be determined from the event. The UE can report the above UE capability or auxiliary information through RRC or MAC CE signaling. An indication that the BS does not perform / cannot perform post-compensation for phase drift and a new segment pre-compensation event can be sent to the UE through the MIB, SIB, or RRC signaling.

[0062] For example, when the UE has segment length or segment pre-compensation capability and the BS performs post-compensation of phase drift, within a configured TDW, the actual TDW is determined as follows: the start of the first actual TDW is the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in a time slot of PUSCH transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW; or the end of the first actual TDW is the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in a time slot of PUSCH transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW.

[0063] In this case, the above event can be defined as a segment pre-compensation that violates / breaks the power consistency and phase continuity between UL segments. UE capabilities and assistance information can be reported to reach a consensus on the determination of the actual TDW on the UE and BS sides.

[0064] Implementation Example 3: TDW can be determined based on network configuration

[0065] In addition to the UE's adaptive adjustment, the actual or nominal time domain window TDW can also be determined by network configuration. The possible scenarios are summarized below.

[0066] Case 1: When the nominal TDW configured by the network is longer than the segment length of the UE capability, the actual TDW can be determined by the segment pre-compensation event.

[0067] Case 2: When the nominal TDW configured by the network is equal to the segment length of the UE capability, the actual TDW can be determined by the configured TDW and the segment pre-compensation event may not occur.

[0068] Case 3: When the network-configured nominal TDW is equal to the maximum DMRS TDW size, which is longer than the segment length based on UE capabilities, the actual TDW can be determined by the maximum DMRS TDW size, and the segment pre-compensation event may not occur.

[0069] In all cases, whether a segment pre-compensation event may violate the power consistency and phase continuity between UL segments may depend on the UE's capabilities. The UE capabilities can be reported via RRC or MAC CE signaling so that the UE and BS sides can reach a consensus on the determination of the actual TDW.

[0070] It should be understood that one or more features in the above implementation examples are not unique to a particular implementation example, but can be combined in any manner (e.g., in any priority and / or order, simultaneously or otherwise).

[0071] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The flowchart of the demodulation reference signal DMRS bundling in the non-terrestrial network NTN according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , implemented using any one or more of the components and devices described in detail herein. In general, in some embodiments, method 800 may be performed by a wireless communication device. Depending on the embodiment, the operations that may be performed in method 800 may be increased, decreased, or different. At least one aspect of these operations may involve a system, method, apparatus, or computer-readable medium.

[0072] A wireless communication device (e.g., UE) may send an indication of the capability of the wireless communication device to a wireless communication node (e.g., BS). The capability may be associated with segmented pre-compensation of uplink transmissions. Based on the capability, the wireless communication device may send uplink transmissions (e.g., repetitions of PUSCH transmissions) within the TDW used for demodulation reference signal DMRS bundling. In some embodiments, the actual TDW may be determined by the UE when an event that violates power consistency and phase continuity occurs. The UE may determine the actual TDW. An event that results in the inability to maintain power consistency and phase continuity within the nominal TDW in a PUSCH repetition type A scheduled by DCI format 0_1 ​​or 0_2, a PUSCH repetition type A with a configured grant, a PUSCH repetition type B, a PUSCH transmission processed by a TB across multiple time slots, or a PUCCH transmission of PUCCH repetition may be an uplink timing adjustment or frequency hopping.

[0073] In some embodiments, the capability may include at least one of the following: (1) the ability of the wireless communication device to perform segment pre-compensation for uplink transmission; (2) the ability of the wireless communication device to support or provide a segment length for segment pre-compensation; (3) the ability of the wireless communication device to support a TDW size that is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation; (4) the ability of the wireless communication device to support a maximum TDW size that is longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation.

[0074] In some embodiments, a wireless communication device may determine a TDW for DMRS bundling based on at least one of the following: a new occurrence of segment precompensation that violates power consistency and phase continuity between segments; assistance information from the wireless communication device indicating precompensation update information or timing information; or a configuration of the wireless communication node indicating precompensation update information or timing information. The TDW may be determined using the assistance information and may define a new occurrence of segment precompensation. The assistance information may include assistance information reported by the UE or a configuration indicated by the network.

[0075] In some embodiments, a wireless communication device may receive an indication from a wireless communication node as to whether the wireless communication node is to perform phase post-compensation. The wireless communication device may receive configuration information from the wireless communication node, the configuration information comprising at least one of the following: a nominal TDW, a segment length for segment pre-compensation, a maximum TDW size across multiple segments. The wireless communication device may send auxiliary information to the wireless communication node, the auxiliary information comprising at least one of the following: an indication of the segment length, timing information for segment pre-compensation. The timing information may comprise at least one of the following: a start time or an end time of pre-compensation or TDW. When the UE starts / ends pre-compensation, the UE may send a signal to the BS. The UE may calculate / estimate / send the start / end time of pre-compensation. The timing information may be a time instance or a system frame number SFN. When the capability includes (1) or (2), the method may include: determining an actual TDW that needs to end before a new event occurs based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, end time (e.g., the last symbol of a PUSCH transmission before the event occurs).

[0076] When the capability includes (3) or (4), the method includes: determining the actual TDW based on at least one of the following: a scaling factor, an offset relative to the segment length configured by the wireless communication node, a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node, and a maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device. The network can configure a new TDW, for example, the segment length or longer than the segment length. If the nominal TDW is configured, the UE can determine the nominal TDW based on an indication from the base station (for example, PUSCH-TimeDomainWindowLength). If the PUSCH-TimeDomainWindowLength is not configured, the nominal TDW can be calculated as min([maxDMRS-BundlingDuration], M). [maxDMRS-BundlingDuration] can be the maximum duration of the nominal TDW depending on the UE capability. M can be the duration of all PUSCH repetition transmissions in consecutive time slots. The maximum TDW can depend on the UE capability across segments.

[0077] In some embodiments, the method may include determining that the TDW has at least one of the following: a start time at the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in a time slot of an uplink transmission across multiple time slots occurring within a nominal TDW; and an end time at the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in another time slot of the PUSCH transmission occurring within the nominal TDW. The start time and the end time may not be in the same time slot, but may be within the same nominal TDW. The PUSCH transmission may include multiple repetitions.

[0078] When the capability includes (1) or (2), and the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include determining the TDW based on at least one of: a scaling factor, an offset relative to a segment length configured for the wireless communication node, a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node, and a maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device.

[0079] When the capability includes (1) or (2), and the wireless communication node will perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include: determining the TDW to have at least one of the following: a start time, the start time being the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission of a time slot in a PUSCH transmission of an uplink transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW; and an end time, the end time being the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission of the time slot in the PUSCH transmission within the nominal TDW. When the capability includes (1) or (2), and the wireless communication node does not perform post-compensation for phase drift, the method may include: determining the TDW based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, and end time.

[0080] In some embodiments, a wireless communication device may send at least one of the following to a wireless communication node via at least one type of signaling: an indication of capability and assistance information. The at least one type of signaling may include at least one of the following: RRC signaling or MAC CE signaling. The wireless communication device may receive the following indication from the wireless communication node via at least one type of signaling: whether the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation for phase drift and a new event for segmented pre-compensation; the at least one type of signaling may include at least one of the following: RRC signaling, MIB signaling, or SIB signaling.

[0081] In some embodiments, when (i) the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is longer than the segment length used for segment pre-compensation, and (ii) the capability includes (1) or (2), the method may include: determining the TDW based on at least one of the following: segment length, start time, and end time. When the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is equal to the segment length for segment pre-compensation, the method may include: determining the TDW based on the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node. When the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is equal to a maximum TDW size, the maximum TDW size being longer than the segment length for segment pre-compensation, the method may include: determining the TDW based on the maximum TDW.

[0082] In some embodiments, when the capabilities include the inability of the wireless communication device to perform pre-compensation, the TDW may be determined by a defined or pre-existing method.

[0083] In some embodiments, a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station) may receive an indication of wireless communication device capabilities from a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment). The capability may be associated with segmented pre-compensation for uplink transmissions (e.g., repetition of PUSCH transmissions). Based on the capability, the wireless communication node may receive uplink transmissions from the wireless communication device within a time domain window (TDW) for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling.

[0084] Although various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that these embodiments are presented as examples only and not as limitations. Similarly, various diagrams may depict example architectures or configurations, and these examples are intended to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the example features and functions of the present invention. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the example architectures or configurations shown, but can be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. In addition, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of another embodiment herein. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be subject to any limitation of the exemplary embodiments described above.

[0085] It is also important to understand that any reference to an element herein using terms such as "first" or "second" does not generally limit the number or order of those elements. Rather, these terms are used herein merely as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or different instances of an element. Thus, reference to a first and a second element does not necessarily mean that only two elements may be used, nor does it necessarily mean that the first element must be placed before the second element in some manner.

[0086] Furthermore, persons skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols mentioned in the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0087] Those of ordinary skill in the art will further understand that any of the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods, and functions described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., digital implementation, analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of program code or design code containing instructions (for convenience, they may be referred to herein as "software" or "software modules"), or any combination of these technologies. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functions. Whether these functions are implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of these technologies depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functions in various ways for each specific application, but these implementation decisions do not result in a departure from the scope of the present invention.

[0088] In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein may be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC), which may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. These logic blocks, modules and circuits may also include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within a network or within a device. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration that performs the functions described herein.

[0089] If implemented in software, these functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein may be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, the latter including any medium that enables a computer program or code to be transferred from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.

[0090] Throughout this document, the term "module" refers to software, firmware, hardware, or any combination of these elements used to perform the functions described herein. Furthermore, for ease of discussion, each module is described as a separate module; however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, depending on the embodiments of this solution, two or more modules may be combined into a single module that performs the relevant functions.

[0091] In addition, in embodiments of the present solution, memory or other storage devices and communication components may be used. It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, the above description refers to different functional units and processors to describe embodiments of the present solution. However, it is obvious that any appropriate distribution of functions can be made between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains without departing from the present solution. For example, functions shown to be performed by separate processing logic elements or controllers may also be performed by the same processing logic element or controller. Therefore, reference to a specific functional unit refers only to an appropriate means of providing the described functions, rather than indicating a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0092] Various modifications to the embodiments of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. A method comprising: The wireless communication device sends an indication of a capability of the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node, the capability being associated with pre-compensation of a segment of an uplink transmission; The wireless communication device sends the uplink transmission within a time domain window TDW used for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling according to the capability.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The capabilities include at least one of the following: a first capability of the wireless communication device to perform pre-compensation of segments of the uplink transmission; The wireless communication device supports or provides a second capability of pre-compensating segment lengths of the segments; the wireless communication device supporting a third capability of a TDW size longer than a pre-compensated segment length of the segment; The wireless communication device supports a fourth capability of a maximum TDW size that is longer than a pre-compensated segment length of the segment.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The wireless communication device determines the TDW for DMRS bundling according to at least one of the following: New occurrences of pre-compensation of said segments that violate power consistency and phase continuity between the segments; Assistance information of the wireless communication device, the assistance information indicating update information or timing information of the pre-compensation; A configuration of the wireless communication node, the configuration indicating update information or timing information of the pre-compensation.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: receiving, by the wireless communication device, from the wireless communication node, an indication of whether the wireless communication node is to perform post-phase compensation; or The wireless communication device receives, from the wireless communication node, a configuration including at least one of: a nominal TDW, a pre-compensated segment length of the segment, and a maximum TDW size across a plurality of segments; or The wireless communication device sends, to the wireless communication node, auxiliary information comprising at least one of the following: an indication of the segment length, and timing information of pre-compensation of the segment.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The timing information includes at least one of the following: a start time or an end time of the pre-compensation or the TDW.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: When the capability includes the first capability or the second capability, the method includes: The TDW that needs to end before the new event occurs is determined according to at least one of the following: the segment length, the start time, and the end time.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein: When the capability includes the third capability or the fourth capability, the method includes: The TDW is determined based on at least one of the following: a scaling factor, or an offset relative to the segment length configured for the wireless communication node; a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node; The maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device.

8. The method according to claim 7, comprising: Determine that the TDW has at least one of the following: a start time, where the start time occurs at the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission of a time slot in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission of uplink transmissions across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW; An end time, where the end time occurs at the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in another time slot in the PUSCH transmission within the nominal TDW.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein: When the capability includes the first capability or the second capability, and the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation of phase drift, the method includes: The TDW is determined based on at least one of the following: a scaling factor, or an offset relative to the segment length configured for the wireless communication node; a nominal TDW indicated by the wireless communication node; The maximum TDW indicated by the wireless communication device.

10. The method according to claim 4, wherein: When the capability includes the first capability or the second capability, and the wireless communication node is to perform post-compensation of phase drift, the method includes: Determine that the TDW has at least one of the following: A start time, where the start time occurs at the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission in a time slot of an uplink transmission across multiple time slots within the nominal TDW; An end time, where the end time occurs at the last symbol of the last PUSCH transmission in the timeslot in the PUSCH transmission within the nominal TDW.

11. The method according to claim 5, wherein: When the capability includes the first capability or the second capability, and the wireless communication node does not perform post-compensation of phase drift, the method includes: The TDW is determined according to at least one of the following: the segment length, the start time, and the end time.

12. The method according to claim 4, comprising: The wireless communication device sends at least one of the following to the wireless communication node through at least one signaling: the indication of the capability, the auxiliary information; The at least one signaling includes at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; Media Access Control Element MAC CE signaling.

13. The method according to claim 4, comprising: The wireless communication device receives the following indication from the wireless communication node through at least one of the following signaling: whether the wireless communication node is to perform phase drift post-compensation and a new event of segmented pre-compensation; wherein the at least one signaling includes at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; Master Information Block (MIB) signaling; System Information Block SIB signaling.

14. The method according to claim 5, wherein When a nominal TDW configured by the wireless communication node is longer than a pre-compensated segment length of the segment, and the capability includes the first capability or the second capability, the method includes: The TDW is determined according to at least one of the following: the segment length, the start time, and the end time.

15. The method according to claim 5, wherein: When the nominal TDW configured by the wireless communication node is equal to the pre-compensated segment length of the segment, the method comprises: The TDW is determined based on the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication device.

16. The method according to claim 5, wherein When the nominal TDW configured for the wireless communication node is equal to a maximum TDW size, wherein the maximum TDW size is longer than a pre-compensated segment length of the segment, the method comprises: The TDW is determined according to the maximum TDW.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the capability includes the wireless communication device being unable to perform the pre-compensation, the TDW is determined by a defined or pre-existing method.

18. A method comprising: The wireless communication node receives, from the wireless communication device, an indication of a capability of the wireless communication device, the capability being associated with pre-compensation of a segment of an uplink transmission; The wireless communication node receives the uplink transmission within a time domain window TDW for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling from the wireless communication device according to the capability.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor configured to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.

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