Microbial flora improvement method for durian planting soil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly discloses a durian planting soil microbial flora improvement method, which comprises the following steps: collecting a target area soil sample at multiple points, and comprehensively detecting and analyzing the physicochemical properties and microbial flora composition of the soil; based on a detection result, screening beneficial indigenous microorganism strains and compounding; the compound flora is propagated by adopting a liquid submerged fermentation technology to prepare a microbial agent; the microbial agent is evenly applied to durian planting soil; and scientific fertilization management is synchronously matched while soil microbial flora improvement is implemented. Through fermentation culture and application of indigenous beneficial microorganisms in local soil, the indigenous beneficial microorganisms are high in environmental adaptability and easy to colonize in target soil, and the indigenous microorganisms are applied to durian planting soil, so that the flora structure of the durian planting soil is effectively restored, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the fertility of the soil is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a method for improving microbial flora in durian planting soil. Background Art

[0002] durian( Durio zibethinus Durian (Durian) is a tropical evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. It is a popular tropical fruit native to tropical equatorial regions such as Malaysian Borneo and is now widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Cambodia. As the world's largest importer of durian, my country's market supply is almost entirely dependent on imports, with import values ​​steadily surging. Huge demand, rising prices, and transportation-related issues with freshness, ripeness, and quality instability highlight the urgent need to develop a domestic durian industry. Therefore, accelerating the development of a domestic durian industry is crucial to meeting the growing consumer market.

[0003] Durian, the king of tropical fruits, is deeply loved by consumers. However, durian cultivation requires stringent soil and environmental conditions. High-quality soil and environment are key to healthy durian growth, high yield, and high quality.

[0004] Durian cultivation currently faces severe challenges regarding soil health. On the one hand, long-term inappropriate fertilization (such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers) and tillage practices have led to soil compaction, decreased soil fertility, and an imbalance in the microbial flora. This has disrupted the original soil microbial structure, reduced the number of beneficial microorganisms, and fostered the growth of harmful microorganisms, significantly deteriorating soil physical and chemical properties (such as structure, aeration, and water retention) and biological activity. This soil degradation severely restricts nutrient absorption and utilization by durian trees, weakens their resilience (such as drought and disease resistance), and increases the incidence of pests and diseases. On the other hand, traditional cultivation and management methods, such as the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, while potentially effective in the short term for improving soil fertility and controlling pests and diseases, further disrupt the soil's ecological balance in the long term, leading to deterioration of the soil environment and exacerbating the damage to the soil ecosystem. This practice not only further disrupts the balance of soil microbial communities and accelerates soil degradation, but also leaves residual fertilizers and pesticides that pose a potential threat to the ecological environment and food safety. Therefore, developing a technical method that can effectively improve the microbial flora in durian-growing soil, repair the soil ecological function, and improve the overall quality of the soil is of great practical significance for ensuring the healthy growth of durian, improving the quality of the fruit, and achieving sustainable development of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for improving the microbial flora in durian cultivation soil. Beneficial indigenous microbial strains are screened from the native soil of the target durian cultivation area, compounded, and propagated through submerged liquid fermentation to produce a highly effective microbial agent. The indigenous microorganisms utilized have greater adaptability to the local environment and are easily colonized in the soil. When applied to durian cultivation soil, these indigenous microorganisms can repair the imbalanced soil microbial flora structure and optimize the soil's physical and chemical properties (e.g., improving structure and enhancing fertility). This, in turn, enhances the durian tree's resistance to stress and reduces the incidence of pests and diseases, ultimately achieving improved quality, increased efficiency, and stable high yields for durian. The present method is eco-friendly and helps promote the sustainable development of durian cultivation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the microbial flora in durian planting soil, comprising the following steps: Step 1: In the durian cultivation area, select the original soil area that has not been developed by artificial cultivation, collect soil samples from multiple points, conduct comprehensive testing and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and measure the species, quantity and abundance of microbial flora in the collected original soil; Step 2: Based on the test results of step 1 and the specific requirements of durian growth for soil microorganisms, excellent indigenous microbial strains beneficial to durian are screened, and the screened beneficial microbial strains are compounded to construct a target functional bacterial community; Step 3: Using liquid submerged fermentation technology to expand and culture the microbial flora prepared in step 2. During the fermentation process, the growth indicators of the microorganisms are regularly monitored. When the concentration of live microorganisms reaches a predetermined target threshold, the fermentation is terminated and the fermentation liquid is prepared into a stable and easy-to-use microbial agent. Step 4, according to the different planting stages and actual soil conditions of durian, determines the soil improvement opportunity and the amount of microbial agent, performs soil improvement operation, and evenly applies the prepared microbial agent to the soil surface or shallow layer in the durian root distribution area. By plowing or rotary tillage, the microbial agent is fully mixed with the soil to promote rapid colonization of microorganisms; Step 5. While implementing soil microbial flora improvement, cooperate with scientific fertilization management, use decomposed organic fertilizer, and accurately fertilize according to soil test results and durian fertilizer requirements. Keep the soil moderately moist. According to weather conditions and the growth stage of the durian tree, reasonably irrigate and drain to avoid waterlogging or drought stress.

[0007] Preferably, in step 1, the sample collection depth is 0-60 cm, and is collected in three layers: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm.

[0008] In step 2, other beneficial microbial strains can be artificially added during the compounding process. The other beneficial microbial strains include one or more of Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and mycorrhizal fungi.

[0009] Preferably, in step 3, the number of microorganisms reaches 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU / mL, the fermentation was terminated.

[0010] Preferably, in step 4, for the newly planted soil area, the soil is first deep plowed to a depth of 60-80 cm, and the prepared microbial agent is evenly spread on the soil surface. After spreading, shallow plowing is performed again to fully mix the microbial agent with the soil so that the microorganisms can quickly colonize in the soil.

[0011] Preferably, in step 4, for the soil where durian has been planted, a circular ditch or a radial ditch is dug at the drip line of the durian crown, the microbial agent is applied into the ditch, and then the soil is covered and filled, and water is applied to enable the microbial agent to better diffuse and play a role in the soil.

[0012] Preferably, in step 4, during the durian growing season, combined with fertilization and irrigation, a microbial agent is applied every 2-3 months to replenish beneficial microorganisms in the soil and maintain the balance and activity of the soil microbial flora.

[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention using the above-mentioned method for improving the microbial flora in durian planting soil are: 1. The present invention expands and cultivates indigenous bacteria in original soil that has not been artificially cultivated and developed to make a microbial agent, which is then applied to the soil where the bacterial community structure has been destroyed. The local expanded and cultivated indigenous bacteria are then applied to the local soil. The microorganisms have good adaptability and can promote the rapid colonization of microorganisms in the local soil, replenish the beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and maintain the balance and activity of the soil microbial community.

[0014] 2. The beneficial microorganisms of the present invention grow and reproduce in the soil, can decompose organic matter in the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and improve soil air permeability and water permeability. At the same time, the activity of microorganisms can also regulate the pH value of the soil, making it more suitable for durian growth.

[0015] 3. The beneficial microorganisms of the present invention form a symbiotic relationship with the durian root system, expand the absorption area of ​​the durian root system, enhance the root system's ability to absorb water and nutrients, and improve the disease resistance of the durian tree.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fermentation process of expanding and culturing microorganisms of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the completion of the expanded culture microbial fermentation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, the reagents, equipment and other materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.

[0021] Example 1 A 10-mu experimental plot was selected from a pristine soil area untouched by artificial cultivation in Baoting County, Hainan Province, and located within the No. 9 Durian Plantation in Baoting County, Hainan Province. The pristine soil area and the experimental plot were located in the same area, with a straight-line distance of no more than 20 kilometers.

[0022] A method for improving the microbial flora in durian planting soil comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select 10 sampling points evenly distributed in an area of ​​original soil that has not been artificially cultivated and developed, and collect soil samples at three levels: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm. After mixing the collected soil samples evenly, send them to a professional testing agency to test their physical and chemical properties, and measure the types, quantity, and abundance of microbial flora in the collected original soil. The test results show that the soil pH is 5.5, which is acidic; the organic matter content is 1.5%, which is relatively low. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, it was found that the number of beneficial microbial flora in the soil is small and the types are single, while harmful microorganisms are relatively more numerous.

[0023] Step 2: Based on the soil test results and the requirements of durian growth for soil microorganisms, excellent indigenous microbial strains beneficial to durian are screened out, and the screened beneficial microbial strains are compounded. During the compounding process, other beneficial microbial strains not included in the screened beneficial microbial strains can be artificially added, including one or more of Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and mycorrhizal fungi.

[0024] Step 3, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, liquid deep fermentation technology was used to expand the culture of the compounded microbial flora. During the fermentation process, the growth of microorganisms was monitored regularly. The number of viable microorganisms reached 3×10 9When the number of CFU / mL reaches 2×10

[0025] Step 4, in the test field, dig a ring-shaped ditch or radial ditch at the drip line of the durian tree crown, apply the microbial inoculant into the ditch, then cover the soil and flatten it, and water to make the microbial inoculant better spread in the soil and play a role. During the growth season of durian, combine fertilization and irrigation, and apply microbial inoculant every 2-3 months to supplement beneficial microorganisms in the soil and maintain the balance and activity of soil microbial flora.

[0026] Step 5, while implementing soil microbial flora improvement, scientific fertilization management is used, mature organic fertilizer is used, precise fertilization is carried out according to soil test results and durian fertilizer requirement law, water management of the orchard is strengthened to keep the soil moderately moist, irrigation and drainage are reasonably carried out according to weather conditions and growth stages of durian trees to avoid waterlogging or drought stress.

[0027] Example 2 A piece of original soil area not developed by artificial planting is selected in Sanya Nan Island, and a test field with an area of 10 mu is selected in a new durian plantation in Sanya Nan Island. The original soil area and the test field are located in the same area, and the straight-line distance is not more than 20 kilometers.

[0028] A durian planting soil microbial flora improvement method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, 10 sampling points are uniformly arranged in the selected original soil area not developed by artificial planting, and soil samples are collected according to 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm three levels. After the collected soil samples are mixed uniformly, they are sent to a professional testing institution for detection of physicochemical properties, and the types, number and abundance of microbial flora in the collected original soil are determined. The detection results show that the soil pH value is 6.5; the organic matter content is 2.0%; and the number of harmful fungi in the soil microbial flora is relatively large.

[0029] Step 2, according to the soil test results and the demand characteristics of durian growth for soil microorganisms, excellent indigenous microbial strains beneficial to durian are screened out, and the screened beneficial microbial strains are compounded. Other beneficial microbial strains not in the screened beneficial microbial strains can be added artificially during the compounding process, including one or more of Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, Actinomyces and mycorrhizal fungi.

[0030] Step 3, the compounded microbial flora is expanded and cultured by using liquid deep fermentation technology. During the fermentation process, the growth of microorganisms is regularly monitored, and when the number of viable bacteria reaches 2×10 9 CFU / mL, the fermentation is ended, and the fermented microbial liquid is made into a microbial inoculant.

[0031] Step 4: For newly planted soil areas, first deep plow the soil to a depth of 60-80 cm, and evenly spread the prepared microbial agent on the soil surface. After spreading, shallow plow again to fully mix the microbial agent with the soil so that the microorganisms can quickly colonize in the soil.

[0032] Step 5. While implementing soil microbial flora improvement, cooperate with scientific fertilization management, use well-rotted organic fertilizer, and accurately fertilize according to soil test results and durian fertilizer requirements. Strengthen water management in the orchard, keep the soil moderately moist, and reasonably irrigate and drain according to weather conditions and the growth stage of the durian tree to avoid waterlogging or drought stress.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 A 10-mu control field was selected from the same plantation as in Example 1. Conventional planting and management methods were used, without soil microbial flora improvement. Compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15) and organic fertilizer were applied annually according to a conventional fertilization schedule. Regular irrigation, weeding, and pest control were performed, primarily using chemical pesticides.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 A 10-mu control field was selected from the same planting site as in Example 2. Only conventional organic and chemical fertilizers were applied, with no microbial agents added. The fertilization regimen consisted of applying compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15) and 3 tons of organic fertilizer annually. Other management measures were the same as in Example 2.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 A control field with an area of ​​10 mu was selected from the same plantation as Example 1, and the composite microbial agent configured in the prior art was applied to the soil to improve the soil. Other management measures were the same as in Example 1.

[0036] After two consecutive years of planting and management, the experimental fields of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 were tested for their effectiveness. The test indicators included soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial flora, and durian disease infection rate. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Test results ;

[0038] As shown in Table 1, Example 1 and Example 2 adopt the indigenous flora of local expanded culture to improve durian planting soil, and the improved pH is more suitable for durian planting, and organic matter content increases, and the beneficial microorganism flora quantity significantly increases, and the harmful microorganism flora quantity significantly reduces and can keep this soil structure for a long time, and the lower explanation of durian tree infection rate has improved the disease resistance of durian tree. Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 do not adopt microbial agent to improve soil, and the soil physicochemical properties and the beneficial microorganism quantity results of its measurement are poor compared with Example 1-2. What Comparative Example 3 adopts is the composite microbial agent configured in the prior art, and the soil physicochemical properties and the beneficial microorganism quantity results of its measurement are poor compared with Example 1-2. The microbial flora of the indigenous bacteria expanded culture of the soil without artificial planting development that Example 1 and Example 2 adopt is illustrated, and can be more adapted to the improvement of local soil, has strong adaptability, and colonization speed is fast, can survive in soil for a long time, maintains the balance and activity of soil microorganism flora.

[0039] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for improving the microbial flora in the durian planting soil, and cultivates the indigenous microorganisms in the local uncultivated and developed soil through fermentation. The indigenous microorganisms have stronger adaptability to the local soil and are easy to colonize in the soil. The indigenous microorganisms are applied to the durian planting soil, which repairs the soil flora structure, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increases soil fertility, enhances the stress resistance of the durian tree, and reduces the occurrence of diseases and pests, thereby achieving high-quality and high-yield durian.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving durian planting soil microbial flora, characterized in that, The steps include: Step 1: In the durian cultivation area, select the original soil area that has not been developed by artificial cultivation, collect soil samples from multiple points, conduct comprehensive testing and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and measure the species, quantity and abundance of microbial flora in the collected original soil; Step 2: Based on the test results of step 1 and the specific requirements of durian growth for soil microorganisms, excellent indigenous microbial strains beneficial to durian are screened, and the screened beneficial microbial strains are compounded to construct a target functional bacterial community; Step 3: Using liquid submerged fermentation technology to expand and culture the microbial flora prepared in step 2. During the fermentation process, the growth indicators of the microorganisms are regularly monitored. When the concentration of live microorganisms reaches a predetermined target threshold, the fermentation is terminated and the fermentation liquid is prepared into a stable and easy-to-use microbial agent. Step 4, according to the different planting stages and actual soil conditions of durian, determines the soil improvement opportunity and the amount of microbial agent, performs soil improvement operation, and evenly applies the prepared microbial agent to the soil surface or shallow layer in the durian root distribution area. By plowing or rotary tillage, the microbial agent is fully mixed with the soil to promote rapid colonization of microorganisms; For newly planted durian soil areas, first deep plow the soil to a depth of 60-80cm, evenly spread the prepared microbial agent on the soil surface, and then shallowly plow again to fully mix the microbial agent with the soil to enable the microorganisms to quickly colonize the soil; For soil where durian has been planted, dig a circular or radial ditch at the drip line of the durian tree crown, apply the microbial agent into the ditch, then cover it with soil and fill it, and water it so that the microbial agent can better spread and play a role in the soil; During the durian growing season, combine fertilization and irrigation, and apply microbial agents every 2-3 months to replenish beneficial microorganisms in the soil and maintain the balance and activity of the soil microbial flora; Step 5. While implementing soil microbial flora improvement, cooperate with scientific fertilization management, use decomposed organic fertilizer, and accurately fertilize according to soil test results and durian fertilizer requirements. Keep the soil moderately moist. According to weather conditions and the growth stage of the durian tree, reasonably irrigate and drain to avoid waterlogging or drought stress.

2. a kind of durian planting soil microorganism flora improving method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step 1, the sample collection depth is 0-60 cm, and the samples are collected in three layers: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm.

3. a kind of durian planting soil microorganism flora improving method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step 2, other beneficial microbial strains are added during the compounding process. The other beneficial microbial strains include one or more of Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and mycorrhizal fungi.

4. a kind of durian planting soil microorganism flora improving method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step 3, the number of microorganisms reached 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU / mL, the fermentation was terminated.

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