Highly-digestible livestock skin puffed pet food and production method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-digestibility livestock skin puffed pet food and a production method thereof. The high-digestibility livestock skin puffed pet food can improve the pepsin decomposition efficiency of livestock skin collagen, reduce the risk of generating sharp fragments in the chewing process, thoroughly inactivate pathogenic bacteria carried by raw materials, and prolong the shelf life of the product through deep degreasing treatment. In addition, the cow leather raw material can be fully utilized, and waste of the raw material is reduced. The pet food disclosed by the invention is high in playability, and can be made into a special shape through cutting and puffing, so that the interestingness of interaction between an owner and a pet is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pet food processing, in particular to a highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food and a production method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the mainstream dog chew products on the market are mostly made of pig skin or cowhide, using traditional craftsmanship: the raw materials are cleaned, dehaired, cut, and knotted, and then dried at a low temperature of 50℃ to 60℃ to shape them, eventually forming a "knot bone" structure with a tubular middle and joint-shaped ends.

[0003] However, the above technology has the following objective defects:

[0004] (1) Low nutrient absorption rate: Unexpanded collagen is difficult to be fully decomposed by pepsin in the pet's stomach, and the actual digestibility is generally low.

[0005] (2) High physical risk: High-density and high-hardness animal skins are prone to produce sharp fragments during chewing.

[0006] (3) Hygiene and safety hazards: Low-temperature drying cannot effectively inactivate Salmonella, Escherichia coli and spore-forming bacteria.

[0007] (4) Incomplete processing of raw materials: Traditional processes have insufficient removal rates of subcutaneous fat and residual tissue, and fat oxidation products reduce the shelf life of the product and pose potential safety risks.

[0008] Therefore, the existing technology urgently needs a dog chew preparation process that can improve the digestibility of collagen, reduce hardness and improve safety through high-temperature puffing modification while ensuring the inactivation of pathogens. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food and a production method thereof.

[0010] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0011] A method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food comprises the following steps:

[0012] a raw hide pretreatment step of adding a deliming agent, a degreasing agent, and an enzyme to the hide for cleaning to remove fat and impurities, thereby obtaining a first hide;

[0013] a drying step of baking the first animal hide at 50-60° C. until the moisture content is below 10% to obtain a second animal hide;

[0014] The electromagnetic high-temperature puffing step is to adjust the temperature at the following points and use the electromagnetic high-temperature puffing technology to puff the second animal hide:

[0015] At the first node, the temperature rises to 160 degrees, the second animal hide is poured in, and the temperature rise is stopped;

[0016] The second node is at 150 degrees, and the temperature is kept warm for 5 minutes;

[0017] The third node is a temperature of 160 degrees, which is kept warm for 5 minutes until the second animal hide is completely puffed and does not shrink, thereby obtaining puffed animal hide.

[0018] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included:

[0019] The surface treatment step comprises spraying meat slurry on the surface of the puffed animal hide.

[0020] In some embodiments, in the rawhide pretreatment step, the following processes are performed in order: splitting the hides into batches, weighing and feeding into drums; classifying the hides according to their source, type, hide condition, thickness, weight, size, and age and damage; splitting the hides on a splitting machine; weighing the split hides to a preset weight and feeding them into drums;

[0021] Degreasing and desulfurization: add 1% hydrogen peroxide for 120 minutes at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 30±5°C;

[0022] First-stage water washing: water-washing liquid ratio 1:1, water washing end point PH ≥ 8;

[0023] Deashing and softening: add 0.7–1.1% hydrogen peroxide and 0.3–0.6% formic acid at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 30±5°C for 180–240 minutes, and adjust the pH to 7.5–8.5; secondary water washing: the water-washing liquid ratio is 1:1, and the pH at the washing end point is ≥8;

[0024] Acid soaking: Add 0.8–1% formic acid and 0.6–0.7% hydrogen peroxide at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 25±5°C for 40–60 minutes, and adjust the pH to 3.5–4.0.

[0025] Three-stage water washing: water-wash ratio 1:1, water washing end point pH 6.5–7.5;

[0026] Take out the skins from the drum for drying. Stop the drum at the desired position, slowly pour out the skins after three-level water washing from the drum, and then quickly transfer them to the next process for direct drying.

[0027] In some embodiments, in the deliming and softening process, the deliming and softening endpoint is determined by:

[0028] The grain is complete, the pattern is clear, the whiteness is delicate and has a silky feel, and when squeezed by fingers, black fingerprints are formed that last for a long time.

[0029] In some embodiments, during the pickling process, when the ambient temperature is greater than 30° C., ice cubes are added to reduce the temperature, thereby shortening the processing time.

[0030] In some embodiments, in the drying step, the first animal hide is flattened in a special hide drying mold and placed in a drying room and baked at 50-60° C. until the moisture content is below 10%.

[0031] A highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food is obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food, and the pet food comprises:

[0032] The animal hide substrate treated with electromagnetic high temperature expansion has a fluffy sponge-like microstructure and a three-dimensional hollow structure.

[0033] The surface of the animal hide substrate is covered with a meat slurry coating;

[0034] The expansion rate of the animal hide substrate is achieved through three-stage temperature control.

[0035] In some embodiments, the animal hide substrate is cow hide or pig hide.

[0036] On the basis of conforming to the common sense in this field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] The positive benefits of this invention include: it improves the efficiency of pepsin decomposition of animal hide collagen, reduces the risk of sharp fragments during chewing, completely inactivates pathogens carried by the raw material, and extends the product's shelf life through deep degreasing. Furthermore, this invention fully utilizes the raw material of cowhide, reducing material waste. The pet food of this invention is highly playable and can be formed into unique shapes through cutting and puffing, increasing the fun of interaction between owners and pets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to this exemplary embodiment.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the puffed animal hide of this exemplary embodiment.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the second animal hide of this exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that in the claims and description of this patent, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising the element.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application discloses a method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food, which includes a raw hide pretreatment step, a drying step, and an electromagnetic high-temperature puffing step.

[0045] The raw hide pretreatment step is to add a deliming agent, a degreasing agent and an enzyme to the animal hide for cleaning to remove fat and impurities to obtain a first animal hide.

[0046] Drying step: baking the first animal hide at 50-60° C. until the moisture content is below 10% to obtain the second animal hide.

[0047] Electromagnetic high temperature puffing step: The second animal hide is puffed using electromagnetic high temperature puffing technology by adjusting the temperature at the following points:

[0048] At the first node, the temperature rises to 160 degrees, the second animal hide is poured in, and the temperature rise is stopped;

[0049] The second node is at 150 degrees, and the temperature is kept warm for 5 minutes;

[0050] The third node is a temperature of 160 degrees, which is kept warm for 5 minutes until the second animal hide is completely puffed and does not shrink, thereby obtaining puffed animal hide.

[0051] Deliming agents are agents used to neutralize the alkaline lime in the skin, removing residual ash through an acid-base neutralization reaction. Degreasing agents are chemical agents that break down fat, specifically non-ionic surfactants, which remove the subcutaneous fat layer through emulsification. Enzymes are biological enzyme preparations with decomposing properties, specifically lipase and protease combinations, which are used to break down residual connective tissue.

[0052] Specifically, during the pretreatment phase, a deliming agent neutralizes the alkaline environment, a degreasing agent emulsifies fat particles, and an enzyme preparation breaks down residual tissue to form a clean collagen matrix. The drying process slowly dehydrates the material at a specific temperature, creating a uniform material structure and establishing a suitable moisture gradient for subsequent puffing. During the puffing process, high temperatures in the first stage cause the collagen to rapidly expand and form initial pores. A moderate cooling in the second stage prevents structural collapse, and further heating in the third stage ensures the pores are fully expanded, forming a stable three-dimensional network structure. Precise control of the temperature curve not only promotes collagen denaturation and improves digestibility, but also inactivates pathogenic microorganisms through high temperatures.

[0053] The digestibility of animal hide puffed pet food was verified. Seven qualified animal hide puffed pet foods were randomly selected from the competitor's animal hide puffed food and the digestibility was verified. The results are shown in the following table:

[0054] From the above table, we can see that the traditional process of using a single low-temperature drying method cannot achieve the desired collagen structure.

[0055] The present invention uses three-stage temperature control to fully stretch the collagen fibers, forming a porous structure to reduce hardness and make it easier to digest. Experimental verification shows that the pepsin digestibility of the animal hide puffed pet food produced by the method of the present application reaches below 95%, which is significantly higher than that of the non-puffed animal hide.

[0056] Furthermore, while existing technologies only perform simple cleaning, resulting in residual fat, this solution uses a dual process of chemical degreasing and enzymatic hydrolysis to thoroughly remove subcutaneous tissue, ensuring pet food quality and food safety. Conventional processing temperatures below 60°C make sterilization difficult, while this solution achieves a high temperature of 160°C during the expansion phase, effectively killing heat-resistant microorganisms such as spores.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, the present application can improve the efficiency of pepsin decomposition of animal skin collagen, reduce the risk of sharp fragments during chewing, completely inactivate pathogens carried by the raw materials, and extend the shelf life of the product through deep degreasing. In addition, the present application can make full use of cowhide raw materials, unlike traditional cowhide chews that are made from whole leather, reducing the waste of raw materials. The pet food products produced by the present application are highly playable and can be made into special shapes through cutting and puffing, which increases the fun of interaction between owners and pets.

[0058] The present application further proposes a surface treatment step which also includes spraying meat slurry on the surface of the puffed animal hide.

[0059] Specifically, high-pressure atomizing spray equipment can be used to evenly coat the liquid meat slurry on the substrate surface. The raw material for the sprayed meat slurry can be ground animal liver or chicken mince hydrolyzate. This step utilizes the porous structure created by puffing to enhance the coating's adhesion, while the flavor compounds in the meat slurry improve the product's palatability.

[0060] Compared to existing technologies, traditional animal hide products are simply formed through physical cutting without any surface treatment for flavor enhancement, which can lead to pets being less inclined to chew on them. This solution, however, leverages the synergistic effect of the surface coating and puffed structure to create a complex flavor system with the flavor-enhancing amino acids and collagen in the meat slurry. The porous structure also increases the permeability of saliva, accelerating the release of flavor substances.

[0061] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves targeted loading of surfactants into puffed animal hides, effectively improving the efficiency of collagen intake by pets. The sprayed meat slurry layer preferentially dissolves during chewing, stimulating the pet's continued chewing behavior. Simultaneously, the coating material penetrates the pores of the puffed substrate, creating a gradient flavor release effect.

[0062] The present application further proposes that in the rawhide pretreatment step, the following steps are performed in sequence:

[0063] 1. Leather batching and weighing

[0064] 1. Sorting and sorting are carried out in accordance with the "Criteria for Classification and Batch Acceptance of Gray Bare Cowhide Hides." The principle of sorting is to group similar hides into a production batch based on the hide's origin (generally divided into three routes: northern, central, and southern), type (primarily cattle and buffalo), condition (such as dryness and humidity, age of the hide), thickness, weight, size, and quality factors such as age and damage. This ensures that the chemical and mechanical effects of the hides are as uniform as possible during processing, thereby ensuring the most consistent quality of the finished hides. During sorting, the neck and back of the gray bare hides, as well as any excess fat, must be scraped off.

[0065] 2. Split the leather on the splitting machine. For specific splitting thickness standards, please refer to the relevant requirements in the "Gray Leather Splitting Quality Standard Requirements". The thickness standards for different products are also different, but it is required that the thickness of most leathers in a production batch is as uniform as possible, and there should be no excessive damage such as abrasions and holes.

[0066] 3. Weighing: Accurately weigh the materials fed into the drum. Generally, 5 tons of materials are used as a standard production batch, which serves as the basis for material calculation in subsequent processes.

[0067] 2. Degreasing and desulfurization

[0068] 1. Technical regulations:

[0069] Liquid ratio: 0.8~1.0; Drum temperature control: Normal temperature should be around 30℃ and not higher than 35℃.

[0070] Hydrogen peroxide: 1%; time: 120 minutes.

[0071] 2. Operation method:

[0072] After feeding the materials into the drum, close the drum door, drain the water and adjust the liquid ratio and internal temperature according to the regulations. You can add the pre-weighed hydrogen peroxide from the feeding box during rotation, or you can drain the water and feed the materials directly before closing the drum door. However, before adding hydrogen peroxide, you must wait until the water-liquid ratio reaches the technical requirements. The drum is automatically set to rotate for 120 minutes. After every 10 minutes of rotation, stop for 8 to 10 seconds, and combine forward and reverse rotation. After 120 minutes of rotation, stop the drum and drain the liquid.

[0073] 3. First level water washing

[0074] After draining, fill the drum with water (18-22°C), generally with a liquid-to-water ratio of 1:1. Wash for 60 minutes, repeating 6-7 times. The pH at the end of the wash is generally above 8.

[0075] 4. Deashing and softening

[0076] 1. Technical regulations:

[0077] Liquid ratio: 0.8~1.0; Drum temperature control: Normal temperature should be around 30℃ and not higher than 35℃.

[0078] Hydrogen peroxide: 0.7-1.1%; Formic acid: 0.3-0.6%.

[0079] (Depending on the condition of the cortex, it may not be added)

[0080] 2. Operation method:

[0081] Adjust the liquid ratio and internal temperature as required; add pre-weighed formic acid (optional if the leather doesn't have much fat) and hydrogen peroxide, rotate for 180-240 minutes, then stop the drum for inspection. First, check whether the leather has basically eliminated its swelling and that no clear fingerprints remain. Then, use pH test paper to check whether the pH is controlled between 7 and 8.5. If the pH is still too high, add an appropriate amount of formic acid until the pH is adjusted to the state required by the technical standards. Then, flexibly control the amount of formic acid added based on the different proportions of the feed, the degree of leather softening required, and the ambient temperature. Rotate for another 60-120 minutes (it can be automatically set to rotate for 60-120 minutes, with 8-10 seconds pause every 10 minutes, combining forward and reverse rotation). The speed is required to be faster in winter and slower in summer, and the length of time is flexibly controlled depending on the degree of leather softening required and the ambient temperature. Generally, it is longer in winter and faster in summer. The pH value after deliming and softening should be between 7.5 and 8.5 and must be controlled below 9. Stop the drum frequently to check the softening process, and bleach after meeting the requirements.

[0082] 3. De-ashing and softening degree judgment

[0083] (1) The leather is firm, with complete grain, clear pattern, white, delicate and silky.

[0084] (2) Pressing the grain surface with your fingers can leave a long-lasting black fingerprint.

[0085] This application accurately controls the depth of de-liming and softening treatment by determining the degree of de-liming and softening, ensuring sufficient expansion of collagen fibers during the subsequent puffing process. This determination method avoids uneven puffing caused by residual subcutaneous fat and prevents fiber breakage caused by excessive softening, providing qualified pre-treated raw materials for the production of highly digestible puffed animal hides.

[0086] Fifth, secondary water washing

[0087] After draining, fill a drum with water (18-22°C) and add 30 kg of hydrogen peroxide. The liquid ratio is generally 1:1. Wash for 60 minutes, repeating 7 times. The pH at the end of the wash is generally above 8.

[0088] 6. Pickling

[0089] 1. Technical regulations:

[0090] Liquid ratio: 0.8~1.0; Drum temperature control: Normal temperature should be around 25℃ and not higher than 30℃.

[0091] Formic acid: 0.8-1.0% for thin skin; 1-2% for thick skin; 0.6-0.7% hydrogen peroxide; time: 40-60 minutes.

[0092] 2. Operation method:

[0093] Adjust the liquid ratio and internal temperature as specified; add pre-weighed formic acid (you can add it directly from the feed box or by opening the drum door). Be sure to dilute it 10 times with water before adding formic acid. After rotating for 20-30 minutes, check the extent of pickling. Check the pH of the water bath through the small window at the bottom of the feed box. Keep the pH between 3.5 and 4. If the pH is too high, add more acid until it is within the range specified by the technical standards. Then, add approximately 1% hydrogen peroxide and continue rotating for 20-40 minutes (it can be set to rotate automatically for 40-60 minutes, pausing for 8-10 seconds every 10 minutes, combining forward and reverse rotation). The rotation speed should be faster in winter and slower in summer, and the rotation time should be flexible depending on the ambient temperature; generally, longer in winter and faster in summer. The pH after alkali expansion should be between 3.5 and 4. It must be kept below 4 and should not be too low.

[0094] 3. Quality requirements

[0095] (1) The bare skin after acid immersion is white, soft, and the cut surface is milky white. The skin feels rough to the touch, but has a certain plasticity when pinched.

[0096] (2) The bare leather after acid immersion must be flat and comfortable, and the acid must act evenly on the leather without any wrinkles.

[0097] (3) The pH value of the bare skin after acid immersion should meet the specified requirements. Generally, the control requirement can also be checked by using an indicator or pH test paper to check the bare skin incision.

[0098] 4. Notes

[0099] (1) In actual production, the concentration and time of pickling solution should be determined according to the thickness of the bare skin and the tightness of the fiber surface. Generally speaking, thick and tight skin requires longer pickling time and the amount of acid will be increased accordingly.

[0100] (2) Be careful to prevent skin rot or acid penetration, especially to control the pH value range. It cannot be too low, especially when the pH value is below 3, it is easy to cause skin rot or acid penetration.

[0101] (3) The concentration of the acid should be analyzed before use so that the label can be changed. When using, it should be diluted with 10 times the amount of water. When diluting, the acid should be slowly injected into the water. Water should not be poured into the acid to prevent the acid from spilling out and injuring people.

[0102] (4) Control the pickling temperature to no more than 30 degrees. If the temperature is high in summer, add ice to cool it down and shorten the pickling time appropriately to solve the problem of long pickling time and uncontrolled reaction conditions in high temperature environment. While ensuring the deashing and softening effect, it can avoid damage to the collagen structure and improve process stability and production efficiency.

[0103] 7. Three-stage water washing

[0104] Soak washing. After the end of the drainage, fill the drum with water (18-25℃), generally require liquid ratio of 1:1, soak washing for 60 minutes, repeated 6-7 times. The end point of water washing is generally between 6.5-7.5, preferably controlled at about 7, strictly controlled less than 8.

[0105] Eight, out of the drum drying

[0106] According to the jog switch, stop the drum to the required position, jog the forward or reverse key, and slowly pour the leather out of the drum. Note that the action should be slow, not too fast, to prevent the leather from scattering on the ground. The connected container should be as large as possible and should be poured in batches. Then quickly transfer to the next process for direct drying.

[0107] Specifically, by constructing a multi-stage collaborative processing system, first, the raw materials are subjected to multi-dimensional classification and layering treatment to ensure uniform penetration in subsequent processes. In the degreasing and desulfurization stage, under the conditions of limited liquid ratio and temperature, the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide effectively decomposes fats and sulfides. The phased water washing operation gradually removes reaction byproducts and stabilizes the leather state by controlling the liquid ratio and end point PH value. In the deliming and softening stage, collagen fibers are loosened under alkaline conditions, creating favorable conditions for subsequent acid pickling. The acid pickling process adjusts the charge state of the leather in an acidic environment, combined with hydrogen peroxide to complete the final treatment. The rapid transfer process after three-stage water washing is completed by automated conveying equipment to prevent secondary pollution of the processed hides. The parameters of each process form a dynamic balance, for example, the deliming and softening time can be 180-240 minutes, the acid pickling temperature is controlled at 25±5℃, and the physicochemical requirements of different processing stages are matched.

[0108] Compared with the prior art, the traditional process only uses simple cleaning and low-temperature drying without multi-stage chemical treatment and water washing process. The classification standard of hides in the prior art is single, without considering parameters such as thickness and injury degree, resulting in unstable subsequent processing effect. The conventional method lacks collaborative processing of deliming and acid pickling, which cannot effectively loosen the collagen fiber structure. By comparison, the present scheme realizes the deep removal of subcutaneous fat and microbial inactivation through staged chemical treatment combined with gradient parameter control.

[0109] Through the above technical scheme, the present application solves the problems of fat residue and microbial contamination caused by incomplete pretreatment of traditional processes. Through multi-stage chemical treatment, fat tissue is effectively decomposed, reducing the risk of oxidative deterioration. The phased water washing operation removes reaction byproducts to ensure the stability of subsequent processing. The deliming and softening and acid pickling processes work synergistically to form a microstructure suitable for high-temperature puffing. The rapid drying process avoids the growth of bacteria in wet hides, improving product hygiene and safety.

[0110] The application further proposes that in the drying step, the first hide is placed flat in a specially designed leather drying mold and placed in an oven at 50-60℃ to dry to a moisture content of less than 10%.

[0111] Among them, the special skin drying mold refers to a shaping device with a flat support surface, which can be specifically realized by using a stainless steel mesh frame structure with air holes. The physical constraints of the mold can keep the animal skin flat during the drying process.

[0112] Compared to existing technologies, traditional low-temperature drying relies on free-flowing methods. This leads to curling edges due to uneven heating of the hides, and internal variations in moisture removal rates create high-humidity areas, creating conditions for microbial survival. This solution, however, uses mold constraints and temperature control to eliminate deformation and moisture gradients during the drying process, effectively blocking the microbial survival environment from both physical and thermodynamic perspectives.

[0113] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes the control of the morphological stability during the drying process of animal skins, solves the problem of local moisture residue caused by curling and deformation; through precise temperature control and moisture endpoint control, it effectively inhibits fat oxidation reactions and inactivates residual microorganisms; at the same time, it provides a uniformly dried raw material basis for the subsequent puffing process, avoiding fluctuations in the puffing rate caused by uneven moisture distribution.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food obtained by the highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food production method of Example 1, which comprises the following three parts:

[0116] The animal hide substrate treated with electromagnetic high temperature expansion has a fluffy sponge-like microstructure and a three-dimensional hollow structure.

[0117] The surface of the animal hide substrate is covered with a meat pulp coating;

[0118] The expansion rate of the animal hide substrate is achieved through three-stage temperature control.

[0119] Furthermore, the animal hide substrate of the present application is cow hide or pig hide.

[0120] The highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food of the present application can improve the efficiency of pepsin decomposition of animal hide collagen, reduce the risk of sharp fragments generated during chewing, completely inactivate pathogenic bacteria carried by the raw materials, and extend the shelf life of the product.

Claims

1. A method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a raw hide pretreatment step of adding a deliming agent, a degreasing agent, and an enzyme to the hide for cleaning to remove fat and impurities, thereby obtaining a first hide; a drying step of baking the first animal hide at 50-60° C. until the moisture content is below 10% to obtain a second animal hide; The electromagnetic high-temperature puffing step is to adjust the temperature at the following points and use the electromagnetic high-temperature puffing technology to puff the second animal hide: At the first node, the temperature rises to 160 degrees, the second animal hide is poured in, and the temperature rise is stopped; The second node is at 150 degrees, and the temperature is kept warm for 5 minutes; The third node is a temperature of 160 degrees, which is kept warm for 5 minutes until the second animal hide is completely puffed and does not shrink, thereby obtaining puffed animal hide.

2. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are also included: The surface treatment step comprises spraying meat slurry on the surface of the puffed animal hide.

3. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 2, wherein: In the rawhide pretreatment step, the following processes are performed in order: Splitting hides into batches, weighing and feeding into drums: the hides are classified according to their origin, type, hide condition, thickness, weight, size, and age and damage; the hides are split on a splitting machine; the split hides are weighed to a preset weight and fed into drums; Degreasing and desulfurization: add 1% hydrogen peroxide for 120 minutes at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 30±5°C; First-stage water washing: water-washing liquid ratio 1:1, water washing end point PH ≥ 8; Deashing and softening: add 0.7–1.1% hydrogen peroxide and 0.3–0.6% formic acid at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 30±5°C for 180–240 minutes, and adjust the pH to 7.5–8.

5. Secondary water washing: water washing liquid ratio 1:1, water washing end point PH ≥ 8; Acid soaking: Add 0.8–1% formic acid and 0.6–0.7% hydrogen peroxide at a liquid ratio of 0.8–1.0 and a temperature of 25±5°C for 40–60 minutes, and adjust the pH to 3.5–4.

0. Three-stage water washing: water-wash ratio 1:1, water washing end point pH 6.5–7.5; Take out the skins from the drum for drying. Stop the drum at the desired position, slowly pour out the skins after three-level water washing from the drum, and then quickly transfer them to the next process for direct drying.

4. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 3, wherein: In the deliming and softening process, the deliming and softening endpoint is determined by the following methods: the grain surface is intact, the pattern is clear, the grain is white and delicate with a silky feel, and a black finger mark is formed after being squeezed by fingers and does not disappear for a long time.

5. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 3, wherein: In the pickling process, when the ambient temperature is greater than 30° C., ice cubes are added to reduce the temperature, thereby shortening the processing time.

6. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 1, wherein: In the drying step, the first animal hide is flattened in a special hide drying mold and placed in a drying room and baked at 50-60° C. until the moisture content is below 10%.

7. A highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food, characterized in that: The pet food is obtained by the method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the pet food comprises: The animal hide substrate treated with electromagnetic high temperature expansion has a fluffy sponge-like microstructure and a three-dimensional hollow structure. The surface of the animal hide substrate is covered with a meat slurry coating; The expansion rate of the animal hide substrate is achieved through three-stage temperature control.

8. The method for producing highly digestible animal hide puffed pet food according to claim 7, wherein: The animal hide substrate is cow hide or pig hide.

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