Broken lithium battery black powder recovery device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a broken lithium battery black powder recycling device and method, and belongs to the field of lithium battery recycling. The broken lithium battery black powder recycling device comprises a vein dust remover and an air compressor which are sequentially mounted on a main pipeline; the main pipeline is connected with a crushing module, a screening module, a grinding module, a sorting module and a storage box in a sealed mode through a plurality of branch pipelines, and flow adjusting valves, pressure monitors and filters are arranged on the branch pipelines. The crushing module, the screening module, the grinding module, the sorting module and the storage box are sequentially connected in a sealed mode through sealing pipelines. The sorting module comprises an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit and a vortex sorting unit. A negative pressure environment is formed in the whole recycling process, black powder overflowing of the lithium batteries in the recycling treatment process is reduced, environmental pollution is reduced, the lithium batteries are sequentially subjected to three different sorting modes of crushing, screening and grinding, and the recycling efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to a broken lithium battery black powder recycling device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles in China, the lithium battery industry has also developed rapidly. With the large use of battery facilities and equipment, especially electric vehicles, the harmless treatment and resource recycling of waste lithium batteries are imminent.

[0003] The broken lithium battery black powder refers to the black or gray-black powder containing one or more valuable components such as nickel, cobalt and lithium generated after the resource processing and treatment of lithium ion battery waste materials such as discharging, disassembly, crushing and heat treatment during lithium ion battery recycling. The existing waste battery recycling device for broken lithium battery black powder recycling is mostly single, and the simple and rough way is used for recycling a large amount of mixed waste battery powder, which leads to resource waste, dust everywhere in the workshop, environmental pollution in the workshop and its accessories, and low recovery efficiency. The broken lithium battery black powder needs to be recycled more efficiently and without pollution, which is a technical problem that needs to be taken seriously and solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a broken lithium battery black powder recycling device and method, which can reduce the overflow of lithium battery black powder during the recycling process, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the recovery efficiency by using three different sorting methods such as crushing, screening and grinding.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a broken lithium battery black powder recycling device, which comprises a vein dust removal machine and an air compressor installed on a main pipeline in sequence, the main pipeline is sealed connected with a crushing module, a screening module, a grinding module, a sorting module and a storage box for lithium battery recycling through a plurality of branch pipelines, the branch pipeline is provided with a flow regulating valve, a pressure monitor and a filter, and the crushing module, the screening module, the grinding module, the sorting module and the storage box are sealed connected in sequence through a sealing pipeline; the sorting module comprises an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit and an eddy current sorting unit.

[0006] Preferably, one side of the crushing module is connected with the screening module, and the other side of the crushing module is sealed connected with a spiral conveying module.

[0007] Preferably, the spiral conveying module comprises a machine shell, a conveying motor is arranged outside the machine shell, an output rod of the conveying motor is connected with a rotating shaft in the machine shell, a spiral blade for conveying materials is arranged on the rotating shaft, both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected with the machine shell, one end of the machine shell is provided with a feeding hopper, and the other end of the machine shell is sealed connected with the crushing module through a sealing pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, the crushing module comprises a crushing shell, and two crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions are rotatably arranged inside the crushing shell.

[0009] Preferably, the screening module includes a screening housing, a filter screen is provided inside the screening housing, both sides of the filter screen are connected to the inner surface of the screening housing through spring seats, and a vibration motor is provided on the filter screen.

[0010] Preferably, the grinding module comprises a grinding shell, a grinding cage is rotatably arranged inside the grinding shell, and a plurality of grinding balls for grinding are arranged inside the grinding cage.

[0011] Preferably, the airflow sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting shell one, the bottom end of the sorting shell one is connected to the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module through a sealed pipe, and a recycling box is arranged inside the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module, and the side and top of the recycling box close to the grinding cage are set to be open.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic separation unit includes an intermediate body, in which magnetic bodies are arranged at intervals from top to bottom. The magnetic bodies include several magnetic rods, one end of the magnetic rod is connected to the intermediate body, and the other end of the magnetic rod is connected to the metal plate, which is fixed to the end of the separation shell away from the grinding shell.

[0013] Preferably, the eddy current sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting shell 2, the top of the sorting shell 2 is sealedly connected to the top of the sorting shell 1 through an arc tube, and a number of eddy current coils are horizontally surrounded inside the sorting shell 2. The magnetic field direction of the eddy current coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sorting shell 2. A lateral opening for eddy current sorting is provided on the sorting shell 2, and a collection chamber is provided on the outer cover of the lateral opening.

[0014] The present invention provides a recycling method for a crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Feeding and conveying: The air compressor creates a negative pressure environment in the entire device, and the waste lithium batteries are fed into the sealed feed hopper of the spiral conveying module and transported to the crushing module by the spiral conveying module; Step 2: Primary crushing: The crushing rollers rotate in opposite directions to crush the conveyed materials, and the crushed materials enter the screening module; Step 3: Vibration screening: The vibration motor drives the filter screen to vibrate and sieve the crushed materials; Step 4: Fine grinding: The material under the screen enters the grinding cage through negative pressure, and the grinding cage drives the grinding balls to rotate and crush the material into fine powder; Step 5: cascade sorting: Airflow sorting: The negative pressure airflow is controlled by the airflow control valve, and the airflow carries the light black powder upward in the vertical sorting shell, and the heavy particles fall into the recovery box; Magnetic separation: ferromagnetic metals in the rising air flow are attracted by the magnetic rods and separated from the air flow; Eddy current separation: Non-ferrous metals are thrown toward the side opening in the eddy current magnetic field and enter the collection chamber; Step 6: After airflow sorting, the materials finally enter the storage box.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and method for recovering black powder from crushed lithium batteries, which has the following beneficial effects: The present invention forms a negative pressure environment in the entire device by sealingly connecting the crushing, screening, grinding and sorting modules, and combining a venous dust collector with an air compressor, thereby reducing the overflow of black powder during the recycling process of lithium batteries and effectively controlling dust leakage. The present invention uses a spiral conveying module to convey materials, controls the conveying speed, reduces material accumulation, and adapts to the continuous production rhythm; uses the crushing module to rotate the crushing rollers in opposite directions to generate shear force, and the crushed particle size is uniform; uses the screening module to support the filter screen with a spring to disperse the vibration stress, and cooperates with the vibration motor to realize the filter screen screening of materials; uses the grinding module to grind the materials with the grinding cage and the grinding balls; and uses the three different sorting units of airflow, magnetism, and eddy current to cooperate to improve the sorting efficiency, thereby improving the recovery efficiency.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural connection of the recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each module of the recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a crushing module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of a crushing module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a screening module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a grinding cage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a grinding cage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a sorting module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 2. A top view of a magnetic separation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals 1. Main pipeline; 2. Venous dust collector; 3. Air compressor; 4. Branch pipeline; 5. Flow regulating valve; 6. Pressure monitor; 7. Filter; 8. Sealing pipeline; 9. Crushing module; 10. Screening module; 11. Grinding module; 12. Sorting module; 13. Storage box; 14. Screw conveying module; 15. Crushing shell; 16. Crushing roller; 17. Screening shell; 18. Filter screen; 19. Spring seat; 20. Vibrating motor; 21. Grinding shell; 22. Grinding cage; 23. Sliding ring; 24. Sorting shell 1; 25. Recovery box; 26. Intermediate; 27. Magnetic rod; 28. Metal plate; 29. ​​Sorting shell 2; 30. Arc tube; 31. Side opening; 32. Collection chamber; 33. Bracket; 34. Horizontal rod; 35. Vertical rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar numbers throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0021] Like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a device for recovering black powder from crushed lithium batteries, comprising a venous dust collector 2 and an air compressor 3, which are sequentially installed on a main pipeline 1. The main pipeline 1 is sealedly connected to a crushing module 9, a screening module 10, a grinding module 11, a sorting module 12, and a storage box 13, respectively, through several branch pipelines 4. The branch pipelines 4 are equipped with a flow control valve 5, a pressure monitor 6, and a filter 7. The flow control valve 5 is located at the end of the branch pipeline 4 closest to the main pipeline 1, and the filter 7 is located at the end of the branch pipeline 4 away from the main pipeline 1. The pressure monitor 6 is located between the flow control valve 5 and the filter 7. The filter 7 can be a Y-type filter 7. The branch pipelines 4 are all installed on the main pipeline 1 on one side of the venous dust collector 2, while the air compressor 3 is located on the other side of the main pipeline 1. The venous dust collector 2 and the air compressor 3 cooperate with the branch pipelines 4 through the main pipeline 1 to create a negative pressure environment throughout the lithium battery recovery device, transporting materials and preventing black powder from spilling out. The entire device is set on the bracket 33, and the various structures are fixed by the bracket 33 in conjunction with common connecting elements such as mounting plates and bolts.

[0025] The crushing module 9, screening module 10, grinding module 11, sorting module 12 and storage box 13 are sealed and connected in sequence through the sealing pipe 8. One side of the crushing module 9 is connected to the screening module 10, and the other side of the crushing module 9 is sealed and connected to the spiral conveying module 14. The spiral conveying module 14 includes a casing, a conveying motor is provided on the outside of the casing, the output rod of the conveying motor is connected to the rotating shaft inside the casing, the rotating shaft is provided with spiral blades for conveying materials, both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the casing, one end of the casing is provided with a feed hopper, and the other end of the casing is sealed and connected to the crushing module 9 through the sealing pipe 8. The spiral conveying module 14 adopts the existing screw conveyor structure, and the casing is set to be fully sealed, except that the two ends are respectively connected to the feed hopper and the sealing pipe 8. The use of a fully sealed casing for the spiral conveying module 14 can prevent dust from escaping, and at the same time can adjust the speed of material conveying to adapt to the continuous production rhythm.

[0026] like Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, the crushing module 9 includes a crushing shell 15, within which two crushing rollers 16 rotate in opposite directions. The crushing module 9 adopts the structure of a dual-shaft shear crusher, and is sealed to the screw conveying module 14 and the screening module 10 via upper and lower sealed pipes 8. A motor drives the two crushing rollers 16 to rotate inward toward each other, crushing the material to a uniform particle size (minimizing over-crushing) and preventing dust from escaping.

[0027] like Figure 5 As shown, the screening module 10 includes a screening housing 17, inside which is disposed a filter screen 18. Both sides of the filter screen 18 are connected to the inner surface of the screening housing 17 via spring seats 19. A vibration motor 20 is disposed on the filter screen 18. The vibration motor 20 drives the vibrating screen to vibrate, which, in conjunction with the spring seats 19, screens the material.

[0028] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the grinding module 11 comprises a grinding housing 21, within which a grinding cage 22 is rotatably mounted. Several grinding balls are housed within the grinding cage 22 for grinding. The grinding cage 22 comprises several transverse rods 34 distributed along the length of the grinding housing 21, arranged in a circular pattern. Each transverse rod 34 is connected to a vertical rod at each end. The vertical rods at one end of all transverse rods 34 are connected to a rotating rod at the center of the circle, while the vertical rods at the other end of all transverse rods 34 are connected to a fixed block at the center of the circle. The end of the rotating rod away from the vertical rod is connected to the output shaft of the grinding motor located outside the grinding housing 21. The diameter of the grinding balls is larger than the gaps in the steel cage to prevent them from escaping. The grinding balls are made of high-hardness ceramic (such as zirconia) to prevent metal contamination of black powder. The transverse rods 34 and vertical rod framework enhance cage rigidity. The grinding cage 22, in conjunction with the grinding balls, efficiently crushes black powder and further breaks up the material. A sliding ring 23 is provided at the connection between the transverse rod 34 and the vertical rod 35 . A sliding groove adapted to the sliding ring 23 is provided on the inner surface of the grinding shell 21 . The sliding ring 23 is disposed in the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0029] like Figure 8 、 Figure 9 As shown, the sorting module 12 includes an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit, and an eddy current sorting unit. The airflow sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting housing 1 24. The bottom end of the sorting housing 1 24 is connected to the end of the grinding housing 21 away from the screening module 10 via a sealed conduit 8. A recovery box 25 is located within the end of the grinding housing 21 away from the screening module 10. The side and top of the recovery box 25 near the grinding cage 22 are open. The airflow sorting initially separates light dust from heavy particles.

[0030] The magnetic separation unit includes a center body 26, which is spaced from top to bottom with magnetic bodies. These magnetic bodies include a plurality of magnetic rods 27, one end of which is connected to the center body 26 and the other end to a metal plate 28, which is fixed to the end of the separation housing 24 away from the grinding housing 21. The array of magnetic rods 27 attracts ferromagnetic metals.

[0031] The eddy current separation unit includes a vertically arranged separation shell 29, the top of which is sealedly connected to the top of the separation shell 1 24 via an arc tube 30. A number of eddy current coils are horizontally arranged around the interior of the separation shell 29, and the magnetic field direction of the eddy current coils is perpendicular to the axial direction of the separation shell 29. A lateral opening 31 for eddy current separation is provided on the separation shell 29, and a collection chamber 32 is provided on the outer side of the lateral opening 31. The material passes through the vertically arranged separation shell 29 from bottom to top, and the eddy current coil surrounds the middle of the separation shell 29. Non-metals (copper, aluminum foil, etc.) are thrown to the outside of the separation shell 29 and enter the collection chamber 32 through the lateral opening 31.

[0032] A portion of the sealed conduits 8 is funnel-shaped to facilitate sealing connections between different structures. Another portion of the sealed conduits 8 is a normal tubular conduit (excluding the arc-shaped conduit 30). The funnel-shaped conduits can be welded to form a sealed connection with the structural housing or normal conduits, while normal conduits can be sealed using flanges and sealing rings.

[0033] All housings (including the housing, etc.) are sealed. The structures for collecting materials such as the recovery box 25, the collection chamber 32, and the storage box 13 are all provided with sealing doors that can be opened and closed for taking out materials.

[0034] The recovery device in the present invention also includes a controller, and various driving and electric structures are electrically connected to the controller using existing structures.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for recycling black powder from a crushed lithium battery, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Feeding and conveying: The air compressor 3 creates a negative pressure environment in the entire device, and the waste lithium batteries are fed into the sealed feed hopper of the spiral conveying module 14 and conveyed to the crushing module 9 by the spiral conveying module 14; Step 2: Primary crushing: The crushing rollers 16 rotate in opposite directions to crush the conveyed materials, and the crushed materials enter the screening module 10; Step 3: Vibration screening: The vibration motor 20 drives the filter screen 18 to vibrate and sieve the crushed material; Step 4: Fine grinding: The material under the screen enters the grinding cage 22 through negative pressure, and the grinding cage 22 drives the grinding balls to rotate and grind the material into fine powder; Step 5: cascade sorting: Airflow sorting: The negative pressure airflow is controlled by the airflow control valve in the vertical sorting housing 24. The airflow carries the light black powder upward, and the heavy particles fall into the recovery box 25. Magnetic separation: ferromagnetic metals in the rising air flow are attracted by the magnetic rod 27 and separated from the air flow; Eddy current separation: Non-ferrous metals are thrown toward the side opening 31 in the eddy current magnetic field and enter the collection chamber 32; Step 6: After airflow sorting, the material finally enters the storage box 13.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for recovering black powder from crushed lithium batteries, characterized by: It includes a venous dust collector and an air compressor installed on the main pipeline in sequence. The main pipeline is sealed and connected to the crushing module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module and storage box used for lithium battery recycling through several branch pipelines. The branch pipelines are provided with flow regulating valves, pressure monitors and filters. The crushing module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module and storage box are sealed and connected in sequence through sealed pipelines; the sorting module includes an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit and an eddy current sorting unit.

2. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the crushing module is connected to the screening module, and the other side of the crushing module is sealedly connected to the spiral conveying module.

3. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral conveying module includes a casing, a conveying motor is arranged on the outside of the casing, the output rod of the conveying motor is connected to the rotating shaft inside the casing, the rotating shaft is provided with spiral blades for conveying materials, both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the casing, one end of the casing is provided with a feed hopper, and the other end of the casing is sealed with the crushing module through a sealed pipe.

4. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing module comprises a crushing shell, inside which two crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions are arranged.

5. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening module includes a screening shell, a filter screen is arranged inside the screening shell, both sides of the filter screen are connected to the inner surface of the screening shell through spring seats, and a vibration motor is arranged on the filter screen.

6. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding module comprises a grinding shell, a grinding cage is rotatably arranged in the grinding shell, and a plurality of grinding balls for grinding are arranged inside the grinding cage.

7. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The airflow sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting shell one, the bottom end of which is connected to the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module through a sealed pipe, and a recycling box is arranged inside the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module, and the side and top of the recycling box close to the grinding cage are set to be open.

8. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic separation unit includes an intermediate body, on which magnetic bodies are arranged at intervals from top to bottom. The magnetic bodies include several magnetic rods, one end of which is connected to the intermediate body, and the other end of which is connected to a metal plate, which is fixed to an end of the separation shell away from the grinding shell.

9. The crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The eddy current sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting shell 2, the top of which is sealedly connected to the top of the sorting shell 1 through an arc tube. Several eddy current coils are horizontally surrounded inside the sorting shell 2, and the magnetic field direction of the eddy current coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sorting shell 2. A lateral opening for eddy current sorting is provided on the sorting shell 2, and a collection chamber is provided on the outer cover of the lateral opening.

10. The recycling method of a crushed lithium battery black powder recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Feeding and conveying: The air compressor creates a negative pressure environment in the entire device, and the waste lithium batteries are fed into the sealed feed hopper of the spiral conveying module and transported to the crushing module by the spiral conveying module; Step 2: Primary crushing: The crushing rollers rotate in opposite directions to crush the conveyed materials, and the crushed materials enter the screening module; Step 3: Vibration screening: The vibration motor drives the filter screen to vibrate and sieve the crushed materials; Step 4: Fine grinding: The material under the screen enters the grinding cage through negative pressure, and the grinding cage drives the grinding balls to rotate and crush the material into fine powder; Step 5: cascade sorting: Airflow sorting: The negative pressure airflow is controlled by the airflow control valve, and the airflow carries the light black powder upward in the vertical sorting shell, and the heavy particles fall into the recovery box; Magnetic separation: ferromagnetic metals in the rising air flow are attracted by the magnetic rods and separated from the air flow; Eddy current separation: Non-ferrous metals are thrown toward the side opening in the eddy current magnetic field and enter the collection chamber; Step 6: After airflow sorting, the materials finally enter the storage box.

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