Special machine tool for differential shell

Abstract

The machine tool comprises a machine tool body, a spindle box, an axial movement mechanism, a radial movement mechanism and a rotary tool rest assembly, the spindle box is installed at the left end of the front side of a machine tool table top, a workpiece is clamped at the output end of the right side of the spindle box, and the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate; the table top area on the right side of the spindle box is a milling machining area, the heightened table top area on the rear side of the milling machining area is a tool clamping area, the tool clamping area is provided with an axial movement mechanism, the axial movement mechanism is provided with a sliding table, the sliding table moves in the axial direction of a workpiece to be machined, and the sliding table is provided with a radial movement mechanism. The rotary tool rest assembly is connected to the radial movement mechanism, the radial movement mechanism drives the rotary tool rest assembly to move in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of a workpiece to be machined, a plurality of tool stations are arranged on the rotary tool rest assembly, different tools are installed on each tool station, and the tools can be switched through rotation. The machine tool can perform automatic tool changing, and is high in tool changing speed and high in efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular relates to a special machine tool for differential shells. Background Art

[0002] The differential housing is a critical component in automotive differentials, and its machining accuracy and quality have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of the differential. However, using a general-purpose lathe to machine differential housings may present the following drawbacks and deficiencies: First, machining accuracy is limited. General-purpose lathes rely on manual operation and adjustment, making it difficult to ensure consistency during mass production. This can lead to deviations in dimensional and geometric tolerances in key areas (such as bearing seat holes and axle mounting surfaces). Second, efficiency is low. Because differential housings typically require machining multiple surfaces, such as flange end faces, internal cavities, and bolt holes, general-purpose lathes require multiple clamping and possibly flipping, resulting in long processing times for each piece. Manual tool changes can take 5-10 minutes each time, and frequent tool changes take a significant amount of time, resulting in low overall machining efficiency. Each tool change inevitably introduces repositioning errors, and the cumulative errors from frequent tool changes can lead to even greater errors, resulting in poor product consistency and difficult-to-solve quality control issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above problems and technical requirements, the present invention provides a special machine tool for differential shells. A rotating tool holder is provided on this machine tool, which can automatically change tools with fast tool changing speed and high efficiency. The star-shaped multi-station tool holder has the advantages of compact structure and high space utilization, and is more suitable for small machine tools or multi-process integration scenarios.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a special machine tool for differential shells, comprising a machine tool, a spindle box, an axial motion mechanism, a radial motion mechanism and a rotating tool holder assembly. The machine tool table is a stepped structure with a low front and a high back. The spindle box is fixedly installed at the left end of the front side of the machine tool table, and the output end on the right side of the spindle box clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate; the table area on the right side of the spindle box is a milling processing area, and the table area raised on the rear side of the milling processing area is a tool clamping area. The tool clamping area is provided with an axial motion mechanism, and a slide is provided on the axial motion mechanism. The slide moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed, and a radial motion mechanism is provided on the slide. The rotating tool holder assembly is connected to the radial motion mechanism, and the radial motion mechanism drives the rotating tool holder assembly to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed. A plurality of tool stations are provided on the rotating tool holder assembly, and different tools are installed on each tool station. The tools can be switched by rotation, so that different tools can process the same workpiece in turn. Multiple tool stations are set on the rotating tool holder assembly, which can be used to install different tools such as turning tools, drills, taps, etc. at the same time, supporting one-time clamping of complex parts. During processing, different tools take turns to perform turning, drilling and tapping on the workpiece, so that one-time clamping can complete multiple processes, effectively improving the flexibility of multi-task processing.

[0005] Furthermore, the rotary tool holder assembly includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder, a worm gear reduction motor, and a slide. The slide is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism. The worm gear reduction motor is fixedly mounted on the slide. The output end of the worm gear reduction motor is located at the top. The hexagonal star rotary tool holder is connected to the output end of the worm gear reduction motor. The worm gear reduction motor drives the hexagonal star rotary tool holder to rotate, with each side rotating at an angle of 60 degrees. The symmetrical design of the hexagonal star only requires adjacent tool components to rotate 60 degrees, significantly shortening the tool change stroke, reducing non-machining time, and improving machining efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, the outer ring of the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder is evenly distributed with six obtuse-angled protruding tool stations. Each of the six stations has a clamping hole on the same side, allowing different tools to be mounted through the holes. Adjacent stations are spaced 60 degrees apart. This radial arrangement allows for more tools to be accommodated within a limited space. The compact design reduces the overall size of the equipment and optimizes workshop layout.

[0007] Furthermore, a protruding ramp surface is provided on the tool clamping area, and the axial motion mechanism includes an axial motor, an axial ball screw, and an axial slide rail. The axial roller screw is fixedly arranged along the length direction of the ramp surface, the axial motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface, the axial motor is connected to the axial ball screw, and two axial slide rails are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface. The middle part of the slide is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw, and the two ends of the bottom surface of the slide are respectively slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails. The axial motor drives the slide to slide along the axial slide rails through the axial ball screw. The ramp surface is provided so that the slide can be pushed downward obliquely. The contact position between the tool tip and the workpiece is at the top of the workpiece circumference, rather than the inner side of the circumference. This is conducive to smooth chip removal and better observation of the processing status.

[0008] Furthermore, the slide is tilted downward, and the inclination angle between the upper surface of the slide and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0009] Furthermore, the radial motion mechanism is disposed on the upper surface of the slide and includes a radial motor, a radial slide rail, and a radial ball screw. The radial motor is disposed at the rear end of the slide. The radial ball screw and radial slide rail are disposed obliquely downward along the upper surface of the slide. Both the radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are perpendicular to the axial slide rail. The output end of the radial motor is connected to the radial ball screw. The bottom of the slide plate is connected to a nut on the radial ball screw. Both sides of the bottom of the slide plate are slidably connected to the radial slide rail. The radial motor drives the slide plate to advance in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece via the radial ball screw. The tool is fed radially along the workpiece to cut the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, an extended limit baffle is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide, which has a limiting effect on the front end of the slide. The extended limit baffle can prevent the slide from extending too much, thereby ensuring the safety of cutting.

[0011] Furthermore, a chip discharge port is provided in the area of ​​the milling processing zone near the spindle box, and the chip discharge port penetrates the machine tool table. The chips generated by the milling operation are discharged to the bottom of the machine tool table through the chip discharge port.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: this machine tool is used for machining the differential housing of a differential gear. Since the differential housing needs to undergo multiple processes such as turning, drilling, and tapping, the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder can simultaneously install different tools such as turning tools, drill bits, and taps, and can complete multiple processes with one clamping. The flexibility of multi-task machining is greatly improved, and the tools do not need to be clamped repeatedly, which can reduce repeated clamping errors and improve the consistency of finished products. The six tool stations in the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder are radially distributed, which can accommodate more tools in a limited space, and the tools are all installed on the same side of the tool stations. Position, there is no interference between tools during processing, and the tool change stroke can be completed by rotating adjacent tools by only 60°, which reduces non-processing time and adapts to high-speed processing needs; the six tool stations of the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder are symmetrical support structures, and the star-shaped layout makes the force evenly distributed, and the ability to resist cutting vibration is enhanced to ensure high-precision processing, with high processing stability, and the stations are independent. The failure of a single tool will not affect the overall operation. It adopts a worm gear reduction motor to directly drive the rotation, with a simple transmission structure, low failure rate, can reduce wear and maintenance frequency, and long service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is the overall structural diagram of the special machine tool for differential shells of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the axial motion mechanism in the special machine tool for differential shells of the present invention; Figure 3 It is an assembly diagram of the radial motion mechanism and the rotary tool holder assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder in the present invention; Marked in the figure are: machine tool 1, milling processing area 11, tool clamping area 12, ramp surface 121, chip discharge outlet 13, spindle box 2, axial motion mechanism 3, axial motor 31, axial ball screw 32, axial slide rail 33, slide 34, extended limit baffle 341, radial motion mechanism 4, radial motor 41, radial slide rail 42, radial ball screw 43, rotary tool holder assembly 5, hexagonal star rotary tool holder 51, tool station 511, clamping hole 512, worm gear reduction motor 52, slide plate 53. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] like Figure 1-4 The figure shows a special machine tool for differential shells of the present invention, comprising a machine tool 1, a spindle box 2, an axial motion mechanism 3, a radial motion mechanism 4 and a rotating tool holder assembly 5. The table top of the machine tool 1 is a stepped structure with a low front and a high back. The spindle box 2 is fixedly installed at the left end of the front side of the table top of the machine tool 1. The output end on the right side of the spindle box 2 clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate; the table top area on the right side of the spindle box 2 is a milling processing area 11, and the table top area raised behind the milling processing area 11 is a tool clamping area 12. The tool clamping area 12 is provided with an axial motion mechanism 3, and a slide 34 is provided on the axial motion mechanism 3. The slide 34 moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed, and the slide is provided with a radial motion mechanism 4. The rotating tool holder assembly 5 is connected to the radial motion mechanism 4, and the radial motion mechanism 4 drives the rotating tool holder assembly 5 to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed.

[0016] The tool clamping area 12 is provided with a protruding ramp surface 121. The axial motion mechanism 3 includes an axial motor 31, an axial ball screw 32, and an axial slide rail 33. The axial roller screw 32 is fixedly arranged along the length of the ramp surface 121. The axial motor 31 is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface and connected to the axial ball screw 32. Two axial slide rails 33 are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface 121. The middle portion of the slide 34 is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw 32. The two ends of the bottom surface of the slide 34 are respectively slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails 33. The axial motor 31 drives the slide 34 to slide along the axial slide rails 33 via the axial ball screw 32. The slide 34 is tilted downward, and the inclination angle between the upper surface of the slide 34 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees. The slope surface 121 is provided so that the slide can be pushed downward obliquely, and the contact position between the tool tip and the workpiece is at the top of the workpiece surface rather than the inner side of the surface. This is conducive to smooth chip removal and better observation of the processing status.

[0017] The radial motion mechanism 4 is disposed on the upper surface of the slide 34 and includes a radial motor 41, a radial slide 42, and a radial ball screw 43. The radial motor 41 is disposed at the rear end of the slide 34. The radial ball screw 43 and radial slide 42 are disposed obliquely downward along the upper surface of the slide. Both the radial ball screw 43 and radial slide 42 are perpendicular to the axial slide 33. The output end of the radial motor 41 is connected to the radial ball screw 43. The bottom of the slide 53 is connected to the nut on the radial ball screw 43. Both sides of the bottom of the slide 53 are slidably connected to the radial slide 42. The radial motor 41 drives the slide 53 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece via the radial ball screw 43, and the tool is fed radially along the workpiece to cut the workpiece. An extended limit baffle 341 is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide 34, which limits the front end of the slide 53. The extended limit baffle 341 prevents the slide 34 from extending excessively, ensuring cutting safety.

[0018] The rotary tool holder assembly 5 is provided with a plurality of tool stations 511, each of which is equipped with a different tool. The tool can be switched by rotation, so that different tools can take turns processing the same workpiece. The rotary tool holder assembly 5 includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51, a worm gear reduction motor 52, and a slide 53. The slide 53 is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism 4. The worm gear reduction motor 52 is fixedly mounted on the slide 53. The output end of the worm gear reduction motor 52 is located at the top. The hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51 is connected to the output end of the worm gear reduction motor 52. The worm gear reduction motor 52 drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51 to rotate, and the rotation angle on each side is 60 degrees. The outer ring of the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51 is evenly distributed with six obtuse-angled protruding tool stations 511. These stations 511 are radially distributed, and each has a clamping hole 512 on the same side. These six stations 511 accommodate different tools, with adjacent stations 511 spaced 60 degrees apart. This radial distribution of the six stations 511 allows for more tools to be accommodated within a limited space. This compact design reduces the overall size of the equipment and optimizes workshop layout.

[0019] The milling processing area 11 is provided with a chip discharge port 13 in an area close to the spindle box. The chip discharge port 13 penetrates the machine table. The chips generated by the milling operation are discharged to the bottom of the machine table through the chip discharge port 13 .

[0020] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the spindle box 2 clamps the workpiece and drives the workpiece to rotate at high speed. With the support of the axial motion mechanism 3 and the radial motion mechanism 4, the rotating tool holder assembly 5 can move along the axial and radial directions of the workpiece to adjust the alignment position. The worm gear reduction motor 52 drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51 to rotate, so that the tools clamped on different tool stations 511 are aligned with the workpiece, and the slide 53 drives the tool to slide downward and feed to perform surface cutting on the workpiece; after completing the processing of one process, the slide 53 retreats obliquely upward, and the worm gear reduction motor 52 drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder 51 to rotate, with each rotation angle being 60 degrees, until the tool used in the next process is aligned with the workpiece, and the slide 53 is fed obliquely downward again to perform the processing of the next process until the processing of all processes is completed. The extended limit baffle 341 at the front end of the slide 34 can limit the sliding stroke of the slide 53 to ensure the safety of the processing. The chips generated by the processing are discharged downward from the chip discharge port 13 on the machine tool.

[0021] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications and substitutions that can be readily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are intended to be encompassed within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. Special machine tool for differential shell, characterized by: It includes a machine tool, a spindle box, an axial motion mechanism, a radial motion mechanism and a rotating tool holder assembly. The machine tool table is a stepped structure with a low front and a high back. The spindle box is fixedly installed at the left end of the front side of the machine tool table. The output end on the right side of the spindle box clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate; the table area on the right side of the spindle box is the milling processing area, and the raised table area on the rear side of the milling processing area is the tool clamping area. The tool clamping area is provided with an axial motion mechanism, and a slide is provided on the axial motion mechanism. The slide moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed, and a radial motion mechanism is provided on the slide. The rotating tool holder assembly is connected to the radial motion mechanism, and the radial motion mechanism drives the rotating tool holder assembly to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed. There are multiple tool stations on the rotating tool holder assembly, and different tools are installed on each tool station. The tools can be switched by rotation, so that different tools can process the same workpiece in turn.

2. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating tool holder assembly includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder, a worm gear reduction motor and a skateboard. The skateboard is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism. The worm gear reduction motor is fixedly installed on the skateboard. The output end of the worm gear reduction motor is located at the top. The hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder is connected to the output end of the worm gear reduction motor. The worm gear reduction motor drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder to rotate, and the rotation angle on each side is 60 degrees.

3. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer ring of the hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder is evenly provided with six protruding tool stations, which are obtuse-angled and radially distributed. A clamping hole is provided on the same side of the six tool stations. Different tools are installed in the six tool stations through the clamping holes, and the adjacent tool stations are spaced 60 degrees apart.

4. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tool clamping area is provided with a protruding ramp surface, and the axial motion mechanism includes an axial motor, an axial ball screw and an axial slide rail. The axial roller screw is fixedly arranged along the length direction of the ramp surface, the axial motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface, the axial motor is connected to the axial ball screw, and the two axial slide rails are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface. The middle part of the slide is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw, and the two ends of the bottom surface of the slide are respectively slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails, and the axial motor drives the slide to slide along the axial slide rail through the axial ball screw.

5. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slide is tilted downward, and the tilt angle between the upper surface of the slide and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

6. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The radial motion mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the slide, and the radial motion mechanism includes a radial motor, a radial slide rail and a radial ball screw. A radial motor is provided at the rear end of the slide, and the radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are arranged obliquely downward along the upper surface of the slide. The radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are both perpendicular to the axial slide rail. The output end of the radial motor is connected to the radial ball screw, and the bottom of the slide is connected to the nut on the radial ball screw, and the two sides of the bottom of the slide are slidably connected to the radial slide rail.

7. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the slide is fixedly connected with an extended limit baffle, which has a limiting effect on the front end of the slide.

8. The special machine tool for differential shell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The milling processing area is provided with a chip discharge outlet in the area near the spindle box. The chip discharge outlet penetrates the machine table. The chips generated by the milling operation are discharged to the bottom of the machine table through the chip discharge outlet.

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