3D printing in-situ repairing method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printing in-situ repairing method and application, and belongs to the technical field of cultural relic repairing. The invention discloses a 3D printing in-situ repairing method. The method comprises the following steps that a 3D model of a to-be-repaired part is constructed; the incomplete part model is designed and reconstructed according to the 3D model, repeated comparison and correction are carried out, and it is ensured that the original structure of the to-be-repaired part is truly restored; after the incomplete part model is subjected to 3D printing layering software, obtained layering data are imported into 3D printing equipment; and the incomplete part is directly printed on the surface of the to-be-repaired component through 3D printing equipment, and after printing is completed, post-treatment is conducted on the surface of the incomplete part. According to the in-situ repairing method, repairing printing is directly conducted on the surface of the to-be-repaired component through the 3D printing equipment, the traditional splicing procedure after printing is omitted, and repairing defects caused by collision or improper bonding in the splicing process can be avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of cultural relic restoration, and particularly relates to a 3D printing in-situ restoration method and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important material carrier of the historical development process, cultural relics contain multi-dimensional historical value, artistic value, scientific value and social and cultural value, and are the first-hand physical data for studying the ancient civilization form, the development context of technology and the social and cultural change. Under the long-term influence of natural environment and human factors, the cultural relics inevitably suffer from various forms of degradation, including but not limited to physical damage (such as structural fracture and surface peeling), chemical corrosion (such as oxidation and corrosion of metal wares and weathering of silicate materials), biological disease (such as microbial erosion and insect damage) and secondary damage caused by improper previous restoration. The core goal of professional and systematic cultural relic restoration and protection is to scientifically intervene in the cultural relics by using protective materials and process technologies that meet the requirements of reversibility and compatibility, to block the degradation process and restore the historical authenticity and aesthetic integrity of the cultural relics. Specifically, the restoration process needs to strictly follow the archaeological basis and historical literature evidence, and adopt non-destructive testing methods such as microscopic observation and X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis to systematically diagnose the material composition, manufacturing process and damage mechanism of the cultural relics, and then develop a graded protection scheme: mechanical cleaning or selective removal of chemical solvents for surface contaminants; epoxy resin-based reinforcing materials for structural damage; limited repair of missing parts according to the original process technique, and visual coordination between the repaired parts and the body through artificial aging treatment. All restoration materials need to pass the accelerated aging test to verify their long-term stability, to ensure that their physical and chemical parameters such as thermal expansion coefficient and air permeability match the cultural relics matrix. This restoration paradigm based on the combination of material science and traditional technology not only effectively inhibits the further development of cultural relic diseases, but also significantly prolongs the material existence period of cultural relics by establishing a stable preservation microenvironment, thereby preserving the complete historical information chain and cultural heritage gene for future generations.

[0003] As a complex technical work involving multi-disciplinary integration, the repair of cultural relics must strictly follow the ethical guidelines for the protection of cultural relics and develop differentiated repair strategies based on the physical and chemical properties and deterioration mechanisms of different materials. However, there are still some systematic defects in the current field of cultural relic repair, which seriously restricts the scientificity and effectiveness of the repair work: First, some repair projects are implemented hastily without sufficient preliminary research, and due to the lack of systematic material analysis, disease detection and historical process research, the scientific basis of the repair scheme is weak, and even the phenomenon of misjudging the original production process of cultural relics and using modern chemical adhesives or mechanical reinforcement methods occurs. This repair behavior that violates the "principle of minimal intervention" not only cannot effectively delay the deterioration of cultural relics, but also may cause new structural damage or accelerate chemical corrosion due to material compatibility problems, resulting in irreversible loss of historical information; Second, some repair institutions still follow the traditional experience-based repair mode and fail to fully integrate modern scientific and technological means such as material science, analytical chemistry and digital simulation technology. For example, in the process of reinforcing fragile textiles, they still rely on manual mounting instead of introducing nanofiber reinforcement technology, or in the process of rust removal of metal cultural relics, they excessively rely on mechanical polishing and ignore the precise control advantages of laser cleaning technology, which directly leads to the difficulty of achieving long-term stable preservation requirements in repair effect; In addition, the traditional repair process highly depends on manual operation, and experienced professional technicians are required to participate in the whole process from disease diagnosis, repair material proportioning to implementation of repair, which not only is subject to the differences in subjective judgment of operators, but also leads to low repair efficiency due to the irreproducibility of manual repair. In addition, some high-precision repair processes such as gold back-pasting of ancient lacquerware or reinforcement of wall painting pigment layer require a lot of manpower, which makes the progress of salvageable repair of precious cultural relics lag far behind the natural deterioration speed. The existence of these problems needs to be solved through systematic optimization measures such as establishing standardized repair process, introducing intelligent detection equipment and developing new functional repair materials.

[0004] 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a rapid prototyping technology that uses digital model files as the basis and uses powdered metal, gypsum, plastic and other materials to construct objects through layer-by-layer printing. It is crucial for the cultural relic repair industry to effectively combine 3D printing technology with cultural relic repair technology and provide a high-efficiency, high-precision and high-reduction cultural relic repair method. The traditional 3D printing repair process needs a splicing process after printing, which is prone to repair defects caused by bumps or improper bonding during splicing, making it difficult to ensure the success rate of repair. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a 3D printing in-situ repair method and application to solve the technical problem of low success rate of traditional repair methods.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is adopted to realize it:

[0007] The application discloses a 3D printing in-situ repairing method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] constructing a 3D model of the part to be repaired; designing a reconfiguration model of the damaged part according to the 3D model, and repeatedly comparing and correcting to ensure the original structure of the part to be repaired is restored;

[0009] using 3D printing layering software to process the model of the damaged part, and importing the obtained layering data into a 3D printing device;

[0010] directly printing the damaged part on the surface of the part to be repaired by using the 3D printing device, and performing post-processing on the surface of the damaged part after printing.

[0011] Further, the specific steps of constructing the 3D model of the part to be repaired are as follows:

[0012] adopting a three-dimensional scanner to perform 1:1 non-contact layering scanning on the part to be repaired to obtain scanning data;

[0013] adopting three-dimensional software to perform reverse restoration engineering on the obtained scanning data to restore the 3D model of the part to be repaired.

[0014] Further, the printing material used when printing the damaged part satisfies the condition that the appearance after solidification is consistent with the appearance of the body of the part to be repaired.

[0015] Further, the damaged part is printed on the surface of the part to be repaired by using the 3D printing device, and an adhesive is used to connect between one layer and the next layer after printing one layer.

[0016] Further, the printing material also contains an adhesive.

[0017] Further, the post-processing comprises coating a color correction material and a transparent protective material on the surface of the damaged part in sequence.

[0018] The application further discloses application of the 3D printing in-situ repairing method in cultural relic repairing.

[0019] Further, the cultural relic is a cultural relic made of inorganic material.

[0020] Further, the 3D printing device is a gypsum powder 3D printer or a photosensitive resin 3D printer.

[0021] Further, the 3D printing device comprises a robot type printing head with multiple degrees of freedom.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The application discloses a 3D printing in-situ repairing method, which adopts the in-situ repairing method to directly perform repairing printing on the surface of a component to be repaired by using a 3D printing device, thereby omitting the traditional splicing process after printing and avoiding repairing defects caused by knocking or improper bonding in the splicing process.

[0024] Further, the method is used for repairing cultural relics, traditional cultural relic repairing mainly depends on personal experience and subjective judgment of repair personnel, the application uses a computer to reconstruct a defect position model, and the accuracy of the reconstructed model can be flexibly compared; and the scientificity and accuracy of 3D printing for repairing cultural relics are incomparable to traditional manual repairing, especially for components with fine decoration and complex structure, the advantages of the 3D printing technology can be fully played; meanwhile, the 3D printing device is used to replace manual work, thereby improving the work efficiency of cultural relic repair personnel and saving the labor cost of the cultural relic repair personnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present application, the following is a general description and definition of the terms and phrases mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific words used herein have their usual meanings to those skilled in the art of the present application, and in case of conflict, the definition in the specification shall prevail.

[0026] Theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether correct or not, should not be considered limiting the scope of the present application, that is, the present application can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0027] Herein, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges such as values, amounts, contents and concentrations are for the sake of brevity and convenience. Therefore, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to have covered and specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and individual values (including integers and fractions) within the range.

[0028] Herein, unless otherwise specified, “comprise”, “include”, “contain”, “have” or similar words encompass the meaning of “consist of” and “consist essentially of”, for example, “A comprises a” encompasses the meaning of “A comprises a and other” and “A only comprises a”.

[0029] Herein, for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in each embodiment or example are not described. Therefore, as long as the combinations of the technical features do not conflict, the technical features in each embodiment or example can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered as the scope disclosed in the specification.

[0030] The application provides a 3D printing in-situ repair method, which innovatively combines modern three-dimensional printing technology with traditional cultural relic repair technology, and realizes direct repair forming on the surface of a cultural relic body. Specifically, the method first adopts a high-precision three-dimensional scanning system to perform omnidirectional data acquisition on a damaged part of the cultural relic, and obtains accurate geometric parameters of a to-be-repaired region through non-contact measurement. Subsequently, a computer-aided design software is used to perform three-dimensional modeling and digital reconstruction on the damaged part, and a repair model perfectly matched with the cultural relic body is established. In the repair implementation stage, a special repair material is directly deposited on the damaged part of the cultural relic through a multi-axis linkage precision three-dimensional printing system, and layer-by-layer accumulation forming of the repair structure is realized. This technical scheme completely changes the operation process of separately manufacturing a repair part and then physically splicing in the traditional repair technology, not only saves a later assembly link, but more importantly, completely avoids problems such as stress concentration and size deviation caused by mechanical splicing, and a material incompatibility phenomenon caused by improper selection of an adhesive. Meanwhile, the in-situ printing mode ensures that the repair part and the cultural relic body form a seamless whole structure, and greatly improves the mechanical strength and long-term stability of the repair part. The method is particularly suitable for cultural relic repair of various materials such as ceramics, metals and stones, and provides a new technical means for protection of precious cultural heritage. The method comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1, an advanced high-precision three-dimensional scanner is used to perform 1:1 non-contact accurate scanning on a to-be-repaired part;

[0032] S2, three-dimensional software is used to perform reverse engineering design and reconstruction, 1:1 scanning data of three-dimensional scanning is reversely restored through the three-dimensional software, and a 3D model of the to-be-repaired part is restored;

[0033] S3, fine design and reconstruction of the model of the damaged part are performed on the computer, and repeated comparison and correction are performed to ensure the original structure of the real to-be-repaired part;

[0034] S4, the damaged part is layered by using 3D printing layering software, and the layering software is imported into a 3D printing device;

[0035] S5, the 3D printing device is started, and the prepared printing material is used to directly print the damaged part on the surface of the to-be-repaired part, and an adhesive is used to connect between layers until all features are printed;

[0036] S6, after printing, a color correction material is coated on the surface of the repaired part of the to-be-repaired part to ensure that the appearance of the repaired part is consistent with the appearance of the to-be-repaired part;

[0037] S7, finally, a transparent protective material is coated on the surface of the repaired part of the to-be-repaired part to ensure the oxidation resistance and stability of the to-be-repaired part, and the in-situ repair of the to-be-repaired part is completed.

[0038] The preferred 3D printing in-situ repairing method further comprises a step S8,

[0039] S8, according to the material and color of the part to be repaired, the corresponding 3D printing material is prepared to ensure that the appearance of the printing material after solidification is consistent with the appearance of the part to be repaired.

[0040] Preferably, the step S8 is completed before the step S5, and the material prepared in the step S8 is used for printing and repairing in the step S5.

[0041] Preferably, the 3D printing device is selected according to the different materials used.

[0042] Preferably, for the inorganic material part to be repaired, a gypsum powder 3D printer or a photosensitive resin 3D printer can be selected.

[0043] Preferably, the 3D printing device comprises a robot-type printing head with multiple degrees of freedom, which can realize the movement of the printing head as needed under the condition that the part to be repaired is stationary, and complete the printing of the damaged part of the part to be repaired.

[0044] Preferably, the printing material in the step S5 comprises a certain proportion of adhesive to improve the stability of the formed part to be repaired.

[0045] The application further discloses the application of the above method in cultural relic repairing, and the application is a 3D printing in-situ repairing method for cultural relics, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1, an advanced high-precision three-dimensional scanner is used to perform 1:1 non-contact layer-by-layer accurate scanning on the cultural relic;

[0047] S2, three-dimensional software is used to perform reverse engineering design reconstruction, the 1:1 scanning data of the three-dimensional scanning is reversely restored by using the three-dimensional software, and the 3D model of the cultural relic is restored;

[0048] S3, fine design reconstruction of the damaged part model is performed on the computer, and repeated comparison and correction are performed to ensure that the original structure of the cultural relic is truly restored;

[0049] S4, the damaged part is layered by using 3D printing layering software, and the layering software is imported into the 3D printing device;

[0050] S5, the 3D printing device is started, and the prepared printing material is used to directly print the damaged part on the surface of the cultural relic, and the layers are connected by using adhesive until all the features are printed;

[0051] S6, after the printing is completed, color correction material is coated on the surface of the repaired part of the cultural relic to ensure that the appearance of the repaired part is consistent with the appearance of the cultural relic;

[0052] S7 finally in the cultural relics repair part surface coating transparent protective material, ensure the cultural relics of the oxidation resistance and stability, complete the cultural relics in situ repair.

[0053] A preferred 3D printing in situ repair method for cultural relics also includes step S8,

[0054] S8 according to the appearance of cultural relics material and color, adjust the corresponding 3D printing material, ensure that the appearance of the printing material is consistent with the appearance of the cultural relics after solidification.

[0055] Preferably, S8 step is completed before S5 step, and the material prepared in S8 is used for printing repair in S5.

[0056] Preferably, the 3D printing equipment selects the matching 3D printing equipment according to the different materials used.

[0057] Preferably, for inorganic material cultural relics, gypsum powder 3D printer or photosensitive resin 3D printer can be selected.

[0058] Preferably, the 3D printing equipment contains a robot type printing head with multiple degrees of freedom, which can realize the movement of the printing head as needed under the condition that the cultural relics do not move, and complete the printing of the damaged part of the cultural relics.

[0059] Preferably, the printing material in S5 step contains a certain proportion of adhesive to improve the stability of the formed cultural relics.

[0060] The application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the application and not to limit the scope of the application. In addition, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the application after reading the content of the application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

[0061] The following examples use conventional instruments and equipment in the art. The experimental methods in the following examples are not specified, which are usually carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Various raw materials are used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, which are conventional commercially available products with conventional specifications in the art. In the specification of the present application and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" means weight percent, "parts" means weight parts, and the ratio means weight ratio.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A 3D printing in situ repair method for cultural relics, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S1 uses an advanced high-precision three-dimensional scanner to scan the cultural relics in 1∶1 without contact and layer by layer accurately.

[0065] S2 uses three-dimensional software to design and reconstruct the reverse engineering, 1:1 scanning data of three-dimensional scanning, uses three-dimensional software to reverse the reverse engineering, and restores the 3D model of cultural relics;

[0066] S3 fine design and reconstruction of the missing part model on the computer, and repeated comparison and correction to ensure the true restoration of the original structure of cultural relics;

[0067] S4 uses 3D printing layering software to layer the missing part, and imports the layering software into the 3D printing equipment;

[0068] S5 starts the 3D printing equipment, uses the prepared printing material to print the missing part directly on the surface of the cultural relics, and uses the adhesive to connect between layers until all the features are printed;

[0069] S6 applies color correction material to the surface of the repaired part of the cultural relics after printing to ensure that the appearance of the repaired part is consistent with the appearance of the cultural relics;

[0070] S7 finally applies transparent protective material to the surface of the repaired part of the cultural relics to ensure the oxidation resistance and stability of the cultural relics, and completes the in-situ repair of the cultural relics.

[0071] A preferred 3D printing in-situ repair method for cultural relics further comprises step S8,

[0072] S8 adjusts the corresponding 3D printing material according to the appearance of the cultural relics material and color, etc. to ensure that the appearance of the printed material after solidification is consistent with the appearance of the cultural relics.

[0073] Preferably, step S8 is completed before step S5, and the material prepared in step S8 is used for printing repair in step S5.

[0074] Preferably, the 3D printing equipment selects the matching 3D printing equipment according to the different materials used.

[0075] Preferably, for inorganic material cultural relics, gypsum powder 3D printer or photosensitive resin 3D printer can be selected.

[0076] Preferably, the 3D printing equipment contains a robot type printing head with multiple degrees of freedom, which can realize the movement of the printing head as needed under the condition that the cultural relics do not move, and complete the printing of the missing part of the cultural relics.

[0077] Preferably, the printing material in step S5 contains a certain proportion of adhesive to improve the stability of the formed cultural relics.

[0078] The traditional cultural relic restoration mainly relies on personal experience and subjective judgment of the restorer, the present application uses a computer to reconstruct a model of a defective part, and the accuracy of the reconstructed model can be flexibly compared; moreover, the scientificity and accuracy of using 3D printing to restore cultural relics are incomparable to traditional manual restoration, especially for parts with fine decoration and complex structure, the advantages of 3D printing technology can be fully played; the present application uses 3D printing to restore cultural relics, and uses equipment to replace manual work, which can not only improve the work efficiency of cultural relic restorers, but also can save the labor cost of valuable cultural relic restorers; the present application adopts an in-situ restoration method, and directly restores and prints on the surface of the cultural relic by using a 3D printing device, so that the traditional printing and splicing process is omitted, and the restoration defects caused by bumping or improper bonding in the splicing process can also be avoided.

[0079] The present application discloses a kind of three-dimensional printing in-situ restoration method based on additive manufacturing technology, the surface microtopography data of the part to be repaired is obtained by high-precision optical three-dimensional scanning system, the internal structure of cultural relic is non-destructively detected in combination with computer tomography technology, three-dimensional model reconstruction is carried out on the defective site using reverse engineering software, and micron-level precision multi-axis linkage three-dimensional printing system is directly used on the surface of cultural relic body Material is formed by layer-by-layer accumulation.The technical scheme adopts the composite process of fused deposition modeling and photocuring forming, can accurately control the viscosity, solidification rate and thermal expansion coefficient of printing material according to the mechanical properties and surface characteristics of cultural relics of different materials, and ensure that the restoration material and cultural relic matrix form stable physical and chemical combination.

[0080] Compared with the process route of separately manufacturing repair parts and then mechanically splicing in the traditional repair technology, the present method realizes in-situ integrated forming of the repair process, not only completely avoids the stress concentration and size deviation problems caused by later assembly, but also fundamentally solves the interface peeling risk caused by the aging of adhesive.Through real-time laser ranging feedback system and self-adaptive path planning algorithm, the printing nozzle can automatically compensate the irregular deformation of the surface of cultural relic, ensure the seamless connection between the repair layer and the matrix, and make the mechanical strength and weather resistance of the repair site meet the long-term preservation requirements of cultural relics.

[0081] The above content is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present application, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application, any modification made according to the technical idea of the present application on the basis of technical solution falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A 3D printing in-situ repair method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Build a 3D model of the part to be repaired; reconstruct the model of the damaged part based on the 3D model, and perform repeated comparisons and corrections to ensure that the original structure of the part to be repaired is truly restored; After using 3D printing layering software to layer the incomplete model, the obtained layered data is imported into the 3D printing device; The damaged part is directly printed on the surface of the part to be repaired using a 3D printing device. After printing is completed, post-processing is performed on the surface of the damaged part.

2. A 3D printing in-situ repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of constructing the 3D model of the component to be repaired are: Use a 3D scanner to perform 1:1 contactless layered scanning of the component to be repaired to obtain scanning data; The obtained scanning data is reverse engineered using 3D software to restore the 3D model of the part to be repaired.

3. A 3D printing in-situ repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printing material used when printing the damaged part meets the condition that the appearance after solidification is consistent with the appearance of the component to be repaired.

4. A 3D printing in-situ repair method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The damaged part is directly printed on the surface of the component to be repaired using a 3D printing device, and an adhesive is used to connect the printed layer to the next layer.

5. A 3D printing in-situ repair method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The printing material also contains a binder.

6. The 3D printing in-situ repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-processing includes coating a color correction material and a transparent protective material on the surface of the defective part in sequence.

7. Application of the 3D printing in-situ restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the restoration of cultural relics.

8. The application of the 3D printing in-situ restoration method according to claim 7 in cultural relics restoration is characterized in that: The cultural relics are made of inorganic materials.

9. The application of the 3D printing in-situ restoration method according to claim 8 in cultural relics restoration is characterized in that: The 3D printing device is a gypsum powder 3D printer or a photosensitive resin 3D printer.

10. The application of the 3D printing in-situ restoration method according to claim 8 in cultural relics restoration, wherein: The 3D printing device includes a robotic print head with multiple degrees of freedom.