High silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt and preparation method thereof
Through the preparation of high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt, the contradiction between thermal insulation performance and aging resistance in high temperature environment is solved, and a balance of cost-effectiveness is achieved. It is suitable for fireproof and thermal insulation materials for bridges.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511090626.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing high-silica fiber aerogel felt has excellent thermal insulation performance in high-temperature environments, but is expensive and has poor aging resistance. Basalt fiber aerogel felt does not meet the thermal insulation requirements at high temperatures and is low in cost, but has good aging resistance. Both cannot simultaneously meet the fire protection and heat insulation needs of the bridge.
A composite aerogel felt made of high silica fiber and basalt fiber is prepared by uniformly dispersing high silica fiber and basalt fiber to form a cross-net structure, and combining carding, laying, needle punching reinforcement and aerogel compounding processes.
It achieves excellent thermal insulation and aging resistance in high-temperature environments, reduces costs, and improves the UV resistance of the composite material by adding basalt fiber, meeting the long-term use requirements of the bridge's fire protection and heat insulation.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fireproof and heat-insulating materials for bridges, in particular to a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] As the core hubs of modern transportation networks, bridges play an irreplaceable role in promoting regional economic development and ensuring social operations. There are an increasing number of long-span cable-stayed bridges in service and under construction in China. With rising living standards, the number of vehicles (trams, trucks, and hazardous chemical trucks) has increased year by year in recent years, leading to an increase in vehicle fires on bridges. This has become a new hazard for long-span bridges, prompting fire prevention and thermal insulation technologies to become important research areas in bridge engineering.
[0003] Steel structures, the primary load-bearing system of modern bridges, face significant performance degradation risks in high-temperature environments. Steel undergoes irreversible damage at 300°C, loses strength by 50% at 400°C, and loses its bearing capacity almost entirely at 600°C.
[0004] Early bridge protection primarily relied on passive fire protection measures, such as thick fire-retardant coatings (>50mm) and rock wool wrapping. While these traditional solutions provided basic protection, they also came with issues like increased deadweight (increasing structural loads by approximately 15%) and complex construction. Since the 21st century, the gradual application of new technologies, such as nanocomposite flame-retardant materials and aerogel insulation, has significantly reduced material thickness while maintaining excellent fire protection.
[0005] Current technical bottlenecks lie in material durability and cost control. For example, high-silica fiber aerogel felt meets design insulation requirements in high-temperature environments—meaning the internal temperature does not exceed 300°C for 120 minutes at 1100°C. However, its high cost and poor aging resistance prevent it from meeting the design lifespan of bridge overhauls. Basalt fiber aerogel felt, on the other hand, exhibits excellent aging resistance, meeting the design lifespan of bridge overhauls, and is less expensive than high-silica fiber aerogel felt. However, it fails to meet insulation requirements in high-temperature environments, making both types of aerogel felt unusable. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt and a preparation method thereof, which has excellent thermal insulation performance, low cost, and excellent aging resistance, and can solve the problems existing in the application of high-silica fiber aerogel felt and basalt fiber aerogel felt in the field of fire protection and thermal insulation of bridges.
[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of high-silica fiber, 35-50 parts of basalt fiber, and 50-60 parts of aerogel.
[0008] In the above technical solution, preferably, the high silica fiber, basalt fiber and aerogel are uniformly dispersed.
[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the length of the high-silica fiber is in the range of 50-70 mm, and the length of the basalt fiber is in the range of 50-70 mm.
[0010] A method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following steps: S1. chopping high silica fiber and basalt fiber into required lengths; S2, adding the chopped high silica fiber and basalt fiber into the opener for mixing; S3. The uniformly mixed high silica fiber and basalt fiber are prepared into a high silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt through the processes of combing, laying, needle punching and aerogel compounding.
[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, the chopped high-silica fiber and basalt fiber are added to the opener through two feeding ports respectively for mixing.
[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, an opening and closing device is provided at the feeding port, and the opening and closing device is electrically connected to a control module to control the opening and closing state and frequency of the two feeding ports through the control module.
[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, the chopped high-silica fiber and basalt fiber are added into the opener through the feeding port for mixing.
[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, in step S2, an opening and closing device is provided at the feeding port, and the opening and closing device is electrically connected to a control module to control the opening and closing state and frequency of the feeding port through the control module.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt provided by the present invention has high-silica fibers, basalt fibers, and aerogel evenly distributed within it. The high-silica fibers and basalt fibers are of moderate length, allowing the two fibers to form a cross-linked mesh structure without affecting the preparation process, thereby achieving the following effects: In a high-temperature environment of 1100°C, high-silica fiber with excellent high-temperature resistance can maintain a good shape and minimal mass loss, providing structural support for aerogel with excellent thermal insulation performance and basalt fiber with reduced strength; and when used in outdoor environments for a long time, basalt fiber with excellent aging resistance can provide protection for high-silica fiber and reduce the aging rate of high-silica fiber.
[0016] In addition, the high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt provided by the present invention uses basalt fiber to replace part of the high-silica fiber, which can reduce costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the damp heat test results of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the ultraviolet test results of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the water resistance test results of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 50-65 parts of high-silica fiber, 35-50 parts of basalt fiber, and 50-60 parts of aerogel, wherein the raw materials are uniformly dispersed.
[0021] In this embodiment, the length of the high-silica fiber is in the range of 50-70 mm, and the length of the basalt fiber is in the range of 50-70 mm.
[0022] A method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following steps: S1. Cut high silica fiber and basalt fiber into required lengths.
[0023] S2. Add the chopped high silica fiber and basalt fiber into the opener for mixing. The chopped high silica fiber and basalt fiber can be added into the opener through the feeding port respectively for mixing. At the same time, there can be two feeding ports, each of which is provided with an opening and closing device. The opening and closing device is electrically connected to a control module to control the opening and closing state and frequency of the two feeding ports through the control module, so that the addition amount of the high silica fiber and the basalt fiber reaches the required ratio and can be evenly loosened and mixed.
[0024] S3. The uniformly mixed high silica fiber and basalt fiber are prepared into a high silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt through the processes of combing, laying, needle punching and aerogel compounding.
[0025] Among them, the carding, laying, needle punching reinforcement and aerogel composite processes can refer to the existing design and will not be described in detail.
[0026] Example 1:
[0027] A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 65 parts of high-silica fiber, 35 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0028] Example 2:
[0029] A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 50 parts of high-silica fiber, 50 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0030] Example 3:
[0031] A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 50 parts of high-silica fiber, 50 parts of basalt fiber, and 60 parts of aerogel.
[0032] Comparative Example 1: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 100 parts of high-silica fiber, 0 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0033] Comparative Example 2: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 80 parts of high-silica fiber, 20 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0034] Comparative Example 3: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 35 parts of high-silica fiber, 65 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0035] Comparative Example 4: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 20 parts of high-silica fiber, 80 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0036] Comparative Example 5: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 0 parts of high-silica fiber, 100 parts of basalt fiber, and 50 parts of aerogel.
[0037] Comparative Example 6: A high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt comprises the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 65 parts of high-silica fiber, 35 parts of basalt fiber, and 40 parts of aerogel.
[0038] In the following test data, Example 1 corresponds to Formula 3, Example 2 corresponds to Formula 4, and Example 3 corresponds to Formula 8; Comparative Example 1 corresponds to Formula 1, Comparative Example 2 corresponds to Formula 2, Comparative Example 3 corresponds to Formula 5, Comparative Example 4 corresponds to Formula 6, Comparative Example 5 corresponds to Formula 7, and Comparative Example 6 corresponds to Formula 9.
[0039] Table 1 Test formula (unit: parts) Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4 Recipe 5 Recipe 6 Recipe 7 Recipe 8 Recipe 9 High silica fiber 100 80 65 50 35 20 0 50 65 Basalt fiber 0 20 35 50 65 80 100 50 35 Aerogel 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 40 The aerogel felt with the above formula was subjected to a humidity and heat test, an ultraviolet test, a water resistance test, and a thermal insulation test.
[0040] The thermal insulation test used a large-volume fire test furnace. A double layer of 5mm aerogel felt was wrapped around the furnace wall. The temperature inside the furnace was raised to 1100°C for 120 minutes, and then the temperature outside the furnace was tested. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Thermal insulation test results (unit: °C) Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4 Recipe 5 Recipe 6 Recipe 7 Recipe 8 Recipe 9 Furnace temperature 1106 1104 1106 1098 1104 1097 1105 1103 1109 Temperature outside the furnace 285 286 295 294 310 319 324 284 340 As can be seen from the table above, aerogel blankets with formulations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 all meet the thermal insulation requirement of "internal temperature does not exceed 300°C for 120 minutes under an environment of 1100°C." These five aerogel blankets were then tested in the next step.
[0041] The damp heat test environment was 40°C and 93% humidity for 6 months. The UV test used fluorescent UV lamps with wavelengths concentrated in UV-A (315-400 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm) to simulate the wavelengths in the solar spectrum that are most likely to cause aging, and the irradiation lasted for 6 months. The water resistance test was an immersion test at 23°C for 6 months. The thermal conductivity coefficient was tested every month in the above tests, and the results are shown in Tables 3-5. Figure 1-Figure 3 shown.
[0042] Table 3 Wet heat test results - thermal conductivity (unit: W / (m*k)) initial January February March April May June Recipe 1 0.215 0.221 0.225 0.229 0.23 0.231 0.232 Recipe 2 0.211 0.215 0.218 0.222 0.225 0.226 0.227 Recipe 3 0.207 0.211 0.213 0.216 0.218 0.218 0.219 Recipe 4 0.203 0.206 0.209 0.212 0.213 0.214 0.214 Recipe 8 0.199 0.202 0.205 0.208 0.21 0.211 0.212 Table 4 UV test results - thermal conductivity (unit: W / (m*k)) initial January February March April May June Recipe 1 0.215 0.218 0.22 0.223 0.226 0.228 0.23 Recipe 2 0.211 0.215 0.218 0.22 0.223 0.225 0.229 Recipe 3 0.207 0.208 0.209 0.211 0.213 0.214 0.216 Recipe 4 0.203 0.204 0.204 0.206 0.207 0.208 0.209 Recipe 8 0.199 0.197 0.201 0.202 0.204 0.207 0.209 Table 5 Water resistance test results - thermal conductivity (unit: W / (m*k)) initial January February March April May June Recipe 1 0.215 0.214 0.214 0.217 0.221 0.223 0.224 Recipe 2 0.211 0.21 0.213 0.215 0.217 0.218 0.219 Recipe 3 0.207 0.209 0.212 0.214 0.218 0.219 0.22 Recipe 4 0.203 0.205 0.207 0.21 0.211 0.213 0.214 Recipe 8 0.199 0.2 0.203 0.205 0.208 0.209 0.21 From Table 3 to Table 5, Figure 1-Figure 3It can be seen that aerogel felts of Formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 all have good water resistance and relatively small differences in moisture and heat resistance. In terms of UV resistance, the aerogel felts of Formulas 1 and 2 show more obvious performance degradation with prolonged irradiation, while the aerogel felts of Formulas 3, 4, and 8 show good UV resistance. This is because basalt fiber has better UV resistance than high-silica fiber. As the basalt fiber content increases, the UV resistance of the aerogel felt also increases accordingly.
[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt, characterized by: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of high silica fiber, 35-50 parts of basalt fiber, and 50-60 parts of aerogel.
2. The high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 1, characterized in that: High silica fiber, basalt fiber and aerogel are evenly dispersed.
3. The high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of high silica fiber ranges from 50-70 mm, and the length of basalt fiber ranges from 50-70 mm.
4. A method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. chopping high silica fiber and basalt fiber into required lengths; S2, adding the chopped high silica fiber and basalt fiber into the opener for mixing; S3. The uniformly mixed high silica fiber and basalt fiber are prepared into a high silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt through the processes of combing, laying, needle punching and aerogel compounding.
5. The method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the chopped high-silica fiber and basalt fiber are added into the opener through two feeding ports respectively for mixing.
6. The method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, an opening and closing device is provided at the feeding port, and the opening and closing device is electrically connected to a control module so as to control the opening and closing state and frequency of the two feeding ports through the control module.
7. The method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the chopped high-silica fiber and basalt fiber are added into the opener through the feeding port for mixing.
8. The method for preparing a high-silica fiber and basalt fiber composite aerogel felt according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, an opening and closing device is provided at the feeding port, and the opening and closing device is electrically connected to a control module so as to control the opening and closing state and frequency of the feeding port through the control module.