Hydrogen production system control method self-adaptive to load fluctuation and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the output current of a hydrogen production power supply and the internal and external pressure difference of a hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, calculating the load change rate of an electrolytic cell according to the output current, and when the load change rate of the electrolytic cell is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, calculating the load change rate of the electrolytic cell according to the output current; a time delay compensation factor is introduced to calculate the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and feedforward control is conducted on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an executing mechanism so that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve can meet the first opening degree; otherwise, the pressure difference and the load ratio of the electrolytic cell serve as input of the fuzzy controller, the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is calculated according to output of the fuzzy controller, and fuzzy PID control is conducted on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the executing mechanism so that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve can meet the second opening degree. The control precision of the hydrogen production system can be improved, and stable operation of the hydrogen production system is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of water electrolysis system control, and in particular relates to a hydrogen production system control method and related equipment that is self-adaptive to load fluctuations. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing importance of hydrogen as a clean energy source, renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has become one of the core paths to achieving the "dual carbon" goals. However, the strong volatility of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics has led to hydrogen production systems frequently facing the challenge of rapid load switching. Especially in all-in-one integrated systems, the dynamic coupling effect of subsystems such as electrolyzers, gas-liquid separators, and purification units is significant, causing drastic fluctuations in system pressure and separator liquid level. Due to the different gas production and gas flow rates of the electrolyzer under different loads, the valve automatically adjusts the opening according to the system pressure requirements and the hydrogen-oxygen separator liquid level difference requirements. However, there is inertia between the containers, pipelines, and valves in the hydrogen production system, resulting in untimely system response under rapid power switching, causing an imbalance in pressure and liquid level difference, which seriously threatens equipment safety and hydrogen production efficiency.

[0003] The switching of the system's electrolyzer input power and the dynamic responses of various devices form a complex nonlinear interaction, making it difficult to balance the volatility of renewable energy with the hysteresis of various devices. Existing technologies often improve stability through structural optimization or step-by-step control strategies. For example, adding a damping ratio connecting vessel between the gas-liquid separator suppresses liquid level oscillations through second-order dynamic characteristics. However, this design does not fully consider the transient coupling effect of pressure and liquid level under rapid load fluctuations. Furthermore, most current hydrogen production and separation systems use split-range control, which broadens the power regulation range by adjusting the valve opening in stages. However, this essentially still uses proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, making it difficult to achieve real-time coordinated optimization between the steady-state state of different loads and the dynamics of rapid power switching. While PID control is widely used in existing technologies, its step-by-step transitions can easily cause sudden changes in valve travel, resulting in excessively rapid pressure relief or liquid level imbalance, making it difficult to adapt to second-level load fluctuations.

[0004] Therefore, existing methods still have the following core defects: Inadequate coupling mechanism modeling: Most studies treat pressure and liquid level as independent variables, lacking quantitative characterization of their dynamic interaction. This coupling effect exacerbates model complexity, especially in multi-device collaborative scenarios. Control response lag: Split-range control or fixed parameter optimization is difficult to adapt to rapid fluctuations and steady-state control in multiple scenarios (under different loads), resulting in overshoot and sudden changes in liquid level difference or pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system control method and related equipment that are adaptive to load fluctuations, so as to improve the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensure the stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculate the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. If the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, execute step 2; otherwise, execute step 3; Step 2: Based on the output current, a time lag compensation factor is introduced to calculate the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is feedforward controlled by the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; the time lag compensation factor is used to offset the communication or valve action delay; Step 3: Use the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of the fuzzy controller, calculate the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and perform fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening.

[0007] Optionally, the pressure difference is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen and oxygen separator and the pressure after the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0008] Optionally, the electrolyzer load change rate is calculated based on the output current, including: By calculating the formula Get the electrolytic cell load change rate ;in, Indicates the load change magnitude, Represents the unit time, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The load ratio at the moment, , Indicates the total time, Indicates that the hydrogen power supply is The output current at time Indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

[0009] Optionally, a time lag compensation factor is introduced according to the output current to calculate the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic membrane valve, including: Calculate the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on the output current; Obtaining the electrolytic cell efficiency corresponding to the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on prior knowledge; Calculate the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer at the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency; The initial opening is calculated according to the hydrogen production, and a time lag compensation factor is introduced to correct the initial opening to obtain the first opening.

[0010] Optionally, the expression for the first opening is: in, Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio The hydrogen production under The time delay compensation factor is the delay caused by the communication between the control system and the hydrogen power supply. , Valve action delay time Decision, delay , The larger the parameter The bigger, The smaller the parameter The closer to 0, the better the parameter The value needs to be obtained through experiments. Indicates the absolute temperature of hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet, Indicates the density of the gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index of the gas expressing the compressibility factor, represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen, Indicates the absolute inlet pressure, represents the margin coefficient, Indicates the flow coefficient at the pre-calculated rated gas production, represents the gas constant, Indicates the pressure difference ratio.

[0011] Optionally, in step 3, the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio are used as inputs of the fuzzy controller, and the process of calculating the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic membrane valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller includes: Through the Gaussian membership function , the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference is mapped to a fuzzy set; where Represents a binary Gaussian membership function with the independent variables being pressure difference and load ratio, 、 Respectively represent the mean value of load ratio and mean value of pressure difference, 、 Indicates the standard deviation of load ratio and pressure difference; Constructing fuzzy rules based on prior knowledge; the fuzzy rules indicate the proportional coefficients and integral coefficients corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences; The Mamdani algorithm is used for fuzzy reasoning to generate fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients, and the centroid method is used to defuzzify them to obtain accurate outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients. The precise output is injected into the PID controller, which calculates the second opening based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

[0012] Optionally, the expression of the fuzzy rule is: in, Represents the proportional coefficient of PID obtained by fuzzy deduction, Indicates the integral coefficient of PID obtained by fuzzy deduction, Represents a regular matrix, different The corresponding PID proportional coefficient value is: Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio , pressure difference Its membership function Gaussian membership function The ordered pair set of , Indicated by the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference A fuzzy rule for inferring the value of PID proportional coefficient.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control device for a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, including: The fluctuation detection module obtains the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed; otherwise, the second opening adjustment module is executed; The first opening adjustment module calculates the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve by introducing a time lag compensation factor according to the output current, and performs feedforward control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator so that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; the time lag compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delay; The second opening adjustment module takes the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as the input of the fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a terminal device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method when executing the computer program.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: By using the actuator to feedforward control the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen and oxygen side, the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations is significantly improved, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; the introduction of a time lag compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delays, further reducing the control response time, thereby improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; the introduction of fuzzy PID control, and the pressure difference and electrolyzer load ratio as the input of the fuzzy controller, ensure that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different operating loads, significantly increasing the system's response capability and adaptability, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensuring its stable operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the technical solution of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a hydrogen production system control device that is adaptive to load fluctuations in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a terminal device in one embodiment of the present application.

[0019] In the figure, 200 is a hydrogen production system control device that is adaptive to load fluctuations, 201 is a fluctuation detection module, 202 is a first opening adjustment module, 203 is a second opening adjustment module, D10 is a terminal device, D100 is a processor, D101 is a memory, and D102 is a computer program. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In order to solve the technical defects of the traditional hydrogen production system control method, such as the pneumatic control valve lagging behind the change of the gas production of the electrolyzer, which causes a long time to eliminate the pressure and liquid level difference deviation and is difficult to stabilize, the present invention provides a hydrogen production system control method and related equipment that are adaptive to load fluctuations. The pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen and oxygen side is feedforward controlled by an actuator, which significantly improves the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations, and is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; a time lag compensation factor is introduced to offset the communication or valve action delay, further reducing the control response time, thereby improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; fuzzy PID control is introduced, and the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio are used as the input of the fuzzy controller to ensure that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different working loads, significantly increasing the system's responsiveness and adaptability, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensuring the stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

[0022] For ease of understanding, the hydrogen production system mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention is first described below. In the embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve in the hydrogen-oxygen separator.

[0023] Among them, the hydrogen production power supply is used to provide the electrolyzer with the DC power required for electrolysis. The output end of the hydrogen production power supply is connected to the motor system of the electrolyzer, and the current feedback signal line of the output end of the hydrogen production power supply is connected to the control system.

[0024] The electrolyzer is used to perform alkaline water electrolysis reaction to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, and is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator through a gas-liquid output pipeline.

[0025] The hydrogen-oxygen separator is used to separate the gas and liquid generated by electrolysis. The hydrogen-side outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is connected to the hydrogen-side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the oxygen-side outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is connected to the oxygen-side pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0026] The valve body of the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen and oxygen side is installed on the gas outlet pipe of the hydrogen and oxygen separator to adjust the outflow rate of hydrogen and oxygen. The opening of the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen and oxygen side is adjusted by the actuator.

[0027] The input end of the actuator is connected to the output of the control system, and the output end of the actuator is connected to the regulating mechanism of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve for adjusting the opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve. Example 1

[0028] The following describes the method for controlling a hydrogen production system with adaptive load fluctuations provided by the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for controlling a hydrogen production system with adaptive load fluctuation provided by the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculate the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, execute step 2; otherwise, execute step 3.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned pressure differential is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator and the pressure downstream of the pneumatic diaphragm valve. The internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is acquired by a pre-configured internal pressure sensor, while the pressure downstream of the pneumatic diaphragm valve is acquired by a pressure sensor pre-installed on the outlet pipe of the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0031] It should be noted that due to the large specific heat capacity of the alkali solution, the temperature change on the time scale of seconds can be ignored. Therefore, the load change can be mapped to the current change through Ohm's law, and the load change rate of the electrolytic cell can be calculated based on the output current.

[0032] Specifically, by calculating the formula Get the electrolytic cell load change rate ;in, Indicates the load change magnitude, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The load ratio at the moment, , Indicates the total time, Indicates that the hydrogen power supply is The output current at time Indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the unit time.

[0033] In a feasible implementation, the preset threshold may be set to 5% / s.

[0034] Step 2: According to the output current, a time lag compensation factor is introduced to calculate the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is feedforward controlled by the actuator to make the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the first opening.

[0035] The time delay compensation factor is used to offset the communication or valve action delay.

[0036] The following describes the process of calculating the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic film valve by introducing the time lag compensation factor according to the output current in step 2, which specifically includes steps 2.1 to 2.4.

[0037] Step 2.1, calculate the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the output current.

[0038] Specifically, the current electrolyzer load ratio ,in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The load ratio at the moment, , Indicates the total time, Indicates that the hydrogen power supply is The output current at time Indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

[0039] Step 2.2: Obtain the electrolytic cell efficiency corresponding to the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on prior knowledge.

[0040] In a feasible implementation, the efficiency table of the electrolytic cell at different powers may be queried to obtain the electrolytic cell efficiency corresponding to the current electrolytic cell load ratio.

[0041] Step 2.3, calculate the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer at the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency.

[0042] Specifically, by calculating the formula , get the electrolytic cell load ratio at the current electrolytic cell Hydrogen production under ,in, Indicates the rated gas production of the electrolyzer, Indicates the current electrolytic cell load ratio The corresponding electrolyzer efficiency.

[0043] In step 2.4, the initial opening is calculated based on the hydrogen production, and a time lag compensation factor is introduced to correct the initial opening to obtain the first opening.

[0044] Since the flow state of hydrogen and oxygen in the separation system can be regarded as non-blocking flow, the flow coefficient can be solved by the non-blocking flow formula. In a feasible embodiment, the flow coefficient ,in, Indicates the absolute temperature of hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet, Indicates the density of the gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index of the gas expressing the compressibility factor, represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen, Indicates the absolute inlet pressure, Indicates the pressure difference ratio.

[0045] After obtaining the flow coefficient, the initial opening is calculated based on the hydrogen production in combination with the valve logarithmic characteristics. Specifically, the initial opening The expression is: ,in, Indicates the flow coefficient under different load ratios, Flow coefficient calculated for rated gas production; to leave a margin for valve opening, usually the valve is selected upward in design, denotes the margin coefficient, denotes the gas constant.

[0046] In order to offset the communication or valve action delay, the initial opening is modified by introducing a time lag compensation factor to obtain the first opening. Specifically, the expression of the first opening is: wherein, denotes the time lag compensation factor.

[0047] Step 3, taking the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of the fuzzy controller, calculating the second opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and performing fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening.

[0048] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the process of taking the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of the fuzzy controller and calculating the second opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller in step 3 includes steps 3.1 to 3.4.

[0049] Step 3.1, mapping the electrolytic cell load ratio and the pressure difference to the fuzzy set through the Gaussian membership function .

[0050] wherein the binary Gaussian membership function with the independent variables of the pressure difference and the load ratio, , denotes the mean value of the load ratio and the mean value of the pressure difference, , denotes the standard deviation of the load ratio and the standard deviation of the pressure difference.

[0051] It should be noted that in a feasible implementation, the input domain of the electrolytic cell load ratio is , and the input domain of the pressure difference is . It should be understood that the input domain is used to delimit the boundary for fuzzy mapping, determine the physical value range of the electrolytic cell load ratio and the pressure difference , and avoid invalid calculation.

[0052] Step 3.2, constructing fuzzy rules based on prior knowledge.

[0053] The fuzzy rules indicate the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the expression of the fuzzy rule is:

[0055]

[0056] In another possible implementation, the expression of the fuzzy rule is:

[0057] Step 3.3, fuzzy reasoning is performed using the Mamdani algorithm to generate fuzzy outputs of the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient, and the precise outputs of the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient are obtained by defuzzification through the center of gravity method.

[0058] Step 3.4, the precise outputs are injected into the controller, and the second opening degree is calculated by the controller based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

[0059] The expression of the second opening degree is:

[0060] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources experiences power fluctuations, leading to fluctuations in gas flow within pipelines and pressure vessels. Traditional PID-controlled regulating valves within the separation framework of the hydrogen production system struggle to quickly balance gas production and output, resulting in rapid fluctuations in system pressure and a significant, short-term imbalance in the liquid levels on the hydrogen and oxygen sides. Existing methods employ only fuzzy PID control to achieve variable PID parameters to adapt to control in different scenarios, but fail to address the issue of valve responsiveness during rapid changes in gas production. The adaptive load-fluctuating hydrogen production system control method provided by the present invention incorporates a feedforward controller, which is more timely and rapid than feedback loop control, alleviating controller hysteresis. Furthermore, to address issues such as the feedforward controller's inability to verify compensation effects and ensure zero residual errors in the controlled variables, the adaptive load-fluctuating hydrogen production system control method still incorporates a fuzzy PID closed-loop control loop and incorporates a load ratio into the establishment of the fuzzy rules to ensure that the feedback loop's control capabilities can adapt to varying loads. This significantly enhances the system's responsiveness and its ability to adapt to system aging over time, ensuring the system's long-term operational reliability, precise regulation, and control stability. Example 2

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a control device 200 for a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, including: The fluctuation detection module 201 obtains the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed; otherwise, the second opening adjustment module is executed; The first opening adjustment module 202 calculates the first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve by introducing a time lag compensation factor based on the output current, and performs feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; the time lag compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delays; The second opening adjustment module 203 takes the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of the fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening.

[0062] It should be noted that the information interaction, execution process, etc. between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of the present application. Their specific functions and technical effects can be found in the method embodiment section and will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the above-mentioned method embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, such as Figure 3 As shown, the terminal device D10 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor D100 ( Figure 3 Only one processor is shown in the figure), a memory D101, and a computer program D102 stored in the memory D101 and executable on the at least one processor D100, wherein the processor D100 implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program D102.

[0064] Specifically, when the processor D100 executes the computer program D102, step 1 is to obtain the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen and oxygen separator in real time, and calculate the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, step 2 is executed; otherwise, step 3 is executed; step 2 is to introduce a time lag compensation factor based on the output current to calculate the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and perform feedforward control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator so that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; step 3 is to use the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs of the fuzzy controller, calculate the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and perform fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator so that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening. Among them, the feedforward control of the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen and oxygen side is carried out through the actuator, which significantly improves the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; the introduction of a time lag compensation factor is used to offset the communication or valve action delay, further reducing the control response time, thereby improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system; the introduction of fuzzy PID control, and the pressure difference and electrolyzer load ratio are used as the input of the fuzzy controller to ensure that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different working loads, significantly increasing the system's response capability and adaptability, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensuring the stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

[0065] The processor D100 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0066] In some embodiments, the memory D101 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal device D10, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal device D10. In other embodiments, the memory D101 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device D10, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the terminal device D10. Furthermore, the memory D101 may include both an internal storage unit of the terminal device D10 and an external storage device. The memory D101 is used to store an operating system, application programs, a boot loader, data, and other programs, such as the program code of the computer program. The memory D101 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0067] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned various method embodiments can be implemented.

[0068] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a terminal device, the terminal device can implement the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program product.

[0069] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0070] The one or more embodiments of this application are intended to encompass all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations, wherein the hydrogen production system comprises a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1: obtaining the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculating the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, execute step 2; otherwise, execute step 3; Step 2: Based on the output current, a time lag compensation factor is introduced to calculate a first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the actuator is used to feedforward control the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve so that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; the time lag compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delay; Step 3: Using the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of a fuzzy controller, calculating the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and performing fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator so that the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening.

2. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure difference is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator and the pressure after the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

3. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating the electrolytic cell load change rate according to the output current includes: By calculating the formula Obtain the electrolytic cell load change rate ;in, Indicates the load change magnitude, Represents the unit time, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The load ratio at the moment, , Indicates the total time, Indicates that the hydrogen power supply is The output current at time Indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

4. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of introducing a time lag compensation factor according to the output current to calculate the first opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic film valve comprises: Calculating a current electrolytic cell load ratio according to the output current; Obtaining the electrolytic cell efficiency corresponding to the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on prior knowledge; Calculating the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer at the current electrolyzer load ratio according to the electrolyzer efficiency; An initial opening is calculated according to the hydrogen production amount, and a time lag compensation factor is introduced to correct the initial opening to obtain the first opening.

5. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The expression of the first opening is: in, Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio The hydrogen production under The time delay compensation factor is the delay caused by the communication between the control system and the hydrogen power supply. , Valve action delay time Decision, delay , The larger the parameter The bigger, The smaller the parameter The closer to 0, the better the parameter The numerical value needs to be obtained through experiments. Indicates the absolute temperature of hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet, Indicates the density of the gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index of the gas expressing the compressibility factor, represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen, Indicates the absolute inlet pressure, represents the margin coefficient, Indicates the flow coefficient at the pre-calculated rated gas production, represents the gas constant, Indicates the pressure difference ratio.

6. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio are used as inputs of the fuzzy controller, and the process of calculating the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic film valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller includes: Through the Gaussian membership function , the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference is mapped to a fuzzy set; where Represents a binary Gaussian membership function with the independent variables being pressure difference and load ratio, 、 Respectively represent the mean value of load ratio and mean value of pressure difference, 、 Indicates the standard deviation of load ratio and pressure difference; Constructing fuzzy rules based on prior knowledge; the fuzzy rules indicate proportional coefficients and integral coefficients corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences; use The algorithm performs fuzzy reasoning to generate fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients, and defuzzifies them through the centroid method to obtain accurate outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients; Inject the exact output into The controller, which consists of The controller calculates the second opening degree based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

7. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the fuzzy rule is: in, Represents the proportional coefficient of PID obtained by fuzzy deduction, Indicates the integral coefficient of PID obtained by fuzzy deduction, Represents a regular matrix, different The corresponding PID proportional coefficient value is: Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio , pressure difference Its membership function Gaussian membership function The ordered pair set of , Indicated by the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference A fuzzy rule for inferring the value of PID proportional coefficient.

8. A control device for a hydrogen production system that is adaptive to load fluctuations, the hydrogen production system comprising a hydrogen production power supply, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, characterized in that: include: A fluctuation detection module obtains the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed; Otherwise, execute the second opening adjustment module; a first opening adjustment module, which calculates a first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve by introducing a time lag compensation factor according to the output current, and performs feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator so that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening; the time lag compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delay; The second opening adjustment module takes the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs of a fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve according to the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen and oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening.

9. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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