A control method and related equipment for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system

Abstract

This invention provides a control method and related equipment for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system, comprising: real-time acquisition of the output current of the hydrogen production power source and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator; calculation of the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current; when the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, calculating the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introducing a time-delay compensation factor; and performing feedforward control of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening degree; otherwise, using the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to a fuzzy controller, calculating the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and performing fuzzy PID control of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening degree. This invention can improve the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensure the stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water electrolysis system control, specifically relating to a hydrogen production system control method and related equipment that adapts to load fluctuations. Background Technology

[0002] As hydrogen energy gains increasing importance as a clean energy source, renewable energy-based water electrolysis for hydrogen production has become one of the core pathways to achieving the "dual carbon" goal. However, the strong volatility of new energy sources such as wind and solar power leads to frequent challenges for hydrogen production systems due to rapid load switching. This is especially true in integrated systems where the dynamic coupling effect of subsystems such as electrolyzers, gas-liquid separators, and purification units is significant, causing drastic fluctuations in system pressure and separator liquid levels. Because the gas production rate and flow rate of the electrolyzer vary under different loads, valves automatically adjust their opening based on system pressure requirements and the required hydrogen-oxygen separator liquid level difference. However, the inertia between containers, pipes, and valves in the hydrogen production system leads to untimely system response during rapid power switching, causing imbalances in pressure and liquid level differences, seriously threatening equipment safety and hydrogen production efficiency.

[0003] The switching of input power in the electrolyzer and the dynamic responses between various devices create a complex nonlinear interaction, making it difficult to balance the volatility of renewable energy with the hysteresis between devices. Existing technologies often improve stability through structural optimization or step-by-step control strategies. For example, adding a damping ratio connector between gas-liquid separators can suppress liquid surface oscillations through second-order dynamic characteristics, but this design does not deeply consider the transient coupling effect of pressure-liquid level under rapid load fluctuations. Furthermore, most current hydrogen production separation systems employ split-range control, widening the power regulation range by adjusting valve openings in stages. However, this essentially still uses Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) control, making it difficult to achieve real-time coordinated optimization between steady-state conditions under different loads and dynamic conditions during rapid power switching. While PID control is widely used in existing technologies, its abrupt changes can easily trigger sudden valve stroke changes, leading to excessively rapid depressurization or liquid level imbalances, making it difficult to adapt to second-level load fluctuations.

[0004] Therefore, existing methods still have the following core shortcomings:

[0005] Insufficient modeling of coupling mechanisms: Most studies treat pressure and liquid level as independent variables, lacking quantitative characterization of their dynamic interaction. Especially in multi-device collaborative scenarios, the coupling effect exacerbates the model complexity.

[0006] Control response lag: Split-range control or fixed parameter optimization is difficult to adapt to rapid fluctuations and steady-state control in multiple scenarios (under different loads), resulting in overshoot and sudden changes in liquid level difference or pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control method and related equipment for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system, so as to improve the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensure the stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling a hydrogen production system that adapts to load fluctuations. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator that acts on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator. The method includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Real-time acquisition of the output current of the hydrogen power source and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator, and calculation of the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, proceed to Step 2; otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

[0010] Step 2: Based on the output current, the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is calculated by introducing a time delay compensation factor, and the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is fed forward controlled by the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening degree; the time delay compensation factor is used to offset the communication or valve action delay.

[0011] Step 3: Use the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculate the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and perform fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening degree.

[0012] Optionally, the pressure difference is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator and the pressure after the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0013] Optionally, the rate of change of the electrolyzer load can be calculated based on the output current, including:

[0014] Through calculation formula

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] Obtain the rate of change of electrolytic cell load ;in, Indicates the magnitude of load change. Indicates a unit of time. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Load ratio at any given time , Indicates the total time. Indicates that the hydrogen production power source is in Output current at time t. This indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

[0019] Optionally, based on the output current, a time-delay compensation factor is introduced to calculate the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, including:

[0020] Calculate the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on the output current;

[0021] The efficiency of the electrolyzer corresponding to the current electrolyzer load ratio is obtained based on prior knowledge.

[0022] Calculate the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer at the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency;

[0023] The initial opening degree is calculated based on the hydrogen production, and a time delay compensation factor is introduced to correct the initial opening degree to obtain the first opening degree.

[0024] Optionally, the expression for the first opening is:

[0025]

[0026] in, Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio Hydrogen production under the following conditions The time delay compensation factor represents the communication delay between the control system and the hydrogen production power source. Valve action delay time Decision, delay , The larger the parameter The larger, The smaller the parameter The closer to 0, the more parameters This value needs to be obtained through experiments. This indicates the absolute temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet. This represents the density of a gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index represents the compressibility coefficient of a gas. This represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen. Indicates the absolute pressure at the inlet. Indicates the margin coefficient. This represents the flow coefficient at the pre-calculated rated gas production rate. Represents the gas constant. This indicates the pressure differential ratio.

[0027] Optionally, in step 3, the process of using the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, and calculating the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, includes:

[0028] Using Gaussian membership function The electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference Mapped to a fuzzy set; where, This represents a bivariate Gaussian membership function with independent variables of pressure difference and load ratio. , These represent the mean load ratio and the mean pressure difference, respectively. , This represents the standard deviation of the load ratio and the standard deviation of the pressure difference.

[0029] Fuzzy rules are constructed based on prior knowledge; the fuzzy rules indicate the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences;

[0030] The Mamdani algorithm is used for fuzzy inference to generate fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients. The centroid method is then used to defuzzify the fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients.

[0031] The precise output is injected into the PID controller, which calculates the second opening degree based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

[0032] Optionally, the expression for the fuzzy rule is:

[0033]

[0034] in, This represents the proportional coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. This represents the integral coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. Representing a regular matrix, different The corresponding PID proportional coefficient value is as follows: Indicates the load ratio of the electrolytic cell Pressure difference Its membership function Gaussian membership function The ordered pair set, , Indicated by the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference A fuzzy rule for inferring the PID proportional coefficient value.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention provides a control device for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, comprising:

[0036] The fluctuation detection module acquires the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the load change rate of the electrolyzer based on the output current. When the load change rate of the electrolyzer is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed; otherwise, the second opening adjustment module is executed.

[0037] The first opening adjustment module calculates the first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introduces a time delay compensation factor. It then performs feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening. The time delay compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delay.

[0038] The second opening adjustment module takes the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening.

[0039] Thirdly, the present invention provides a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0040] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0041] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0042] By implementing feedforward control of the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side through the actuator, the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations is significantly improved, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system. The introduction of a time-delay compensation factor to offset communication or valve action delays further reduces the control response time, thereby improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system. The introduction of fuzzy PID control, with differential pressure and electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, ensures that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different operating load conditions, significantly increasing the system's responsiveness and adaptability, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensuring its stable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method in one embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a hydrogen production system control device that adapts to load fluctuations in one embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a terminal device in one embodiment of this application.

[0047] In the diagram, 200 is the adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control device, 201 is the fluctuation detection module, 202 is the first opening adjustment module, 203 is the second opening adjustment module, D10 is the terminal equipment, D100 is the processor, D101 is the memory, and D102 is the computer program. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] To address the technical shortcomings of traditional hydrogen production system control methods, such as the long time required to eliminate pressure and level difference deviations due to the lag of pneumatic regulating valves behind changes in the gas production of the electrolyzer, and the difficulty in achieving stability, this invention provides an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method and related equipment. By using an actuator to perform feedforward control on the pneumatic diaphragm valves on the hydrogen-oxygen side, the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations is significantly improved, thus enhancing the control precision of the hydrogen production system. A time-delay compensation factor is introduced to offset communication or valve action delays, further reducing the control response time and improving the control precision of the hydrogen production system. Furthermore, fuzzy PID control is introduced, with the pressure difference and electrolyzer load ratio used as inputs to the fuzzy controller. This ensures that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different operating load conditions, significantly increasing the system's responsiveness and adaptability, thereby improving the control precision of the hydrogen production system and ensuring its stable operation.

[0050] For ease of understanding, the hydrogen production system mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In the embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator that acts on the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator.

[0051] The hydrogen power supply is used to provide the DC power required for electrolysis in the electrolyzer. The output of the hydrogen power supply is connected to the motor system of the electrolyzer, and the current feedback signal line of the output of the hydrogen power supply is connected to the control system.

[0052] The electrolyzer is used to perform alkaline water electrolysis, which decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen. It is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator through a gas-liquid output pipe.

[0053] The hydrogen-oxygen separator is used to separate the gas and liquid produced by electrolysis. The hydrogen-side outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is connected to the hydrogen-side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the oxygen-side outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is connected to the oxygen-side pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0054] The valve body of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is installed on the gas outlet pipe of the hydrogen-oxygen separator to regulate the outflow rate of hydrogen and oxygen. The opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is adjusted by the actuator.

[0055] The input end of the actuator is connected to the output of the control system, and the output end of the actuator is connected to the regulating mechanism of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve to regulate the opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve. Example 1

[0056] The adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method provided by the present invention will be described below.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Real-time acquisition of the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator, and calculation of the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, proceed to Step 2; otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned pressure difference is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator and the pressure downstream of the pneumatic diaphragm valve. The internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator is acquired by a pre-configured internal pressure sensor, and the pressure downstream of the pneumatic diaphragm valve is obtained through a pressure sensor pre-installed on the outlet pipe of the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

[0060] It should be noted that, due to the large specific heat capacity of the alkali solution, the temperature change on a time scale of seconds is negligible. Therefore, the load change can be mapped to the current change using Ohm's law, and the rate of change of the electrolytic cell load can be calculated based on the output current.

[0061] Specifically, through the calculation formula

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Obtain the rate of change of electrolytic cell load ;in, Indicates the magnitude of load change. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Load ratio at any given time , Indicates the total time. Indicates that the hydrogen production power source is in Output current at time t. Indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell. Indicates a unit of time.

[0066] In one feasible implementation, the preset threshold can be set to 5% / s.

[0067] Step 2: Based on the output current, the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is calculated by introducing a time delay compensation factor, and the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve is fed forward controlled by the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening degree.

[0068] The time delay compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delays.

[0069] The following describes the process of calculating the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introducing a time delay compensation factor in step 2, specifically including steps 2.1 to 2.4.

[0070] Step 2.1: Calculate the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on the output current.

[0071] Specifically, the current electrolytic cell load ratio ,in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Load ratio at any given time , Indicates the total time. Indicates that the hydrogen production power source is in Output current at time t. This indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

[0072] Step 2.2: Obtain the electrolytic cell efficiency corresponding to the current electrolytic cell load ratio based on prior knowledge.

[0073] In one feasible implementation, the efficiency of the electrolyzer corresponding to the current electrolyzer load ratio can be obtained by querying the efficiency table for different power levels of the electrolyzer.

[0074] Step 2.3: Calculate the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer at the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency.

[0075] Specifically, through the calculation formula The electrolytic cell load ratio at the current electrolytic cell level is obtained. Hydrogen production ,in, This indicates the rated gas production capacity of the electrolyzer. Indicates the current electrolytic cell load ratio The corresponding electrolytic cell efficiency.

[0076] Step 2.4: Calculate the initial opening degree based on the hydrogen production, and introduce a time delay compensation factor to correct the initial opening degree to obtain the first opening degree.

[0077] Since the fluid state of hydrogen and oxygen in the separation system can be considered as non-blocking flow, the flow coefficient can be solved using the non-blocking flow formula. In one feasible implementation, the flow coefficient... ,in, This indicates the absolute temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet. This represents the density of a gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index represents the compressibility coefficient of a gas. This represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen. Indicates the absolute pressure at the inlet. This indicates the pressure differential ratio.

[0078] After obtaining the flow coefficient, the initial opening is calculated based on the hydrogen production rate, taking into account the valve's logarithmic characteristics. Specifically, the initial opening... The expression is: ,in, This represents the flow coefficient under different load ratios. This is the flow coefficient calculated for the rated gas production capacity; to allow for a margin in valve opening, the valve is usually selected upwards during the design phase. Indicates the margin coefficient. This represents the gas constant.

[0079] To compensate for communication or valve action delays, a time delay compensation factor is introduced to correct the initial opening degree, resulting in the first opening degree. Specifically, the expression for the first opening degree is:

[0080]

[0081] in, This represents the time delay compensation factor.

[0082] Step 3: Use the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculate the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and perform fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening degree.

[0083] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, step 3, which uses the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, and calculates the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, includes steps 3.1 to 3.4.

[0084] Step 3.1, using the Gaussian membership function The electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference Map to a fuzzy set.

[0085] The function consists of a bivariate Gaussian membership function with pressure difference and load ratio as independent variables. , These represent the mean load ratio and the mean pressure difference, respectively. , This represents the standard deviation of the load ratio and the standard deviation of the pressure difference.

[0086] It should be noted that, in one feasible implementation, the electrolytic cell load ratio The input domain is Pressure difference The input domain is It should be understood that the input universe of discourse is used to define the boundaries of the fuzzy mapping and determine the electrolyzer load ratio. and pressure difference The physical value range should be defined to avoid invalid calculations.

[0087] Step 3.2: Construct fuzzy rules based on prior knowledge.

[0088] Fuzzy rules indicate the proportional and integral coefficients corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences.

[0089] In one feasible implementation, fuzzy rules The expression is:

[0090]

[0091] in, , For the input fuzzy subset, , To output a fuzzy subset.

[0092] In another feasible implementation, the expression for the fuzzy rule is:

[0093]

[0094] in, This represents the proportional coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. This represents the integral coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. Represents a regular matrix, different The corresponding PID proportional coefficient value is as follows: Indicates the load ratio of the electrolytic cell Pressure difference Its membership function Gaussian membership function The ordered pair set, , Indicated by the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference A fuzzy rule for inferring the PID proportional coefficient value.

[0095] Step 3.3: Use the Mamdani algorithm to perform fuzzy inference, generate fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients, and defuzzify using the centroid method to obtain accurate outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients.

[0096] Step 3.4: The precise output is injected into the controller, which calculates the second opening degree based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

[0097] The expression for the second opening is:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where e(x) and e(x-1) represent the error between the pressure or liquid level difference at this moment and the target value at the previous moment.

[0101] Fluctuations in hydrogen production power during renewable energy generation lead to fluctuations in gas flow rates within pipelines and pressure vessels. Traditional PID-controlled regulating valves within the separation frame of the hydrogen production system struggle to quickly balance gas production and output, resulting in rapid system pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, significant imbalances in hydrogen and oxygen levels can occur within short periods. Existing methods rely solely on fuzzy PID control to vary PID parameters and adapt to different scenarios, failing to address the issue of delayed valve response during rapid gas production changes. The adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method provided in this invention incorporates a feedforward controller, offering greater timeliness and speed compared to feedback loop control, mitigating controller hysteresis. Furthermore, to address the limitations of feedforward controllers in verifying compensation effectiveness and ensuring zero residual error in the controlled variable, the proposed adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control method still introduces a fuzzy PID closed-loop control loop. Load ratios are incorporated into the establishment of fuzzy rules, ensuring the feedback loop control capability adapts to different loads. This significantly increases system responsiveness and adaptability to system aging over time, guaranteeing long-term system reliability, precise regulation, and control stability. Example 2

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system control device 200. The hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve in the hydrogen-oxygen separator, comprising:

[0103] The fluctuation detection module 201 acquires the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the load change rate of the electrolyzer based on the output current. When the load change rate of the electrolyzer is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed; otherwise, the second opening adjustment module is executed.

[0104] The first opening adjustment module 202 calculates the first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introduces a time delay compensation factor. It then performs feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening. The time delay compensation factor is used to offset communication or valve action delay.

[0105] The second opening adjustment module 203 takes the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator so that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening.

[0106] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of this application. Their specific functions and technical effects can be found in the method embodiments section, and will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is only used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] like Figure 3 As shown, embodiments of the present invention provide a terminal device, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the terminal device D10 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor D100 ( Figure 3The diagram shows only one processor, a memory D101, and a computer program D102 stored in the memory D101 and executable on the at least one processor D100, wherein the processor D100 executes the computer program D102 to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0108] Specifically, when the processor D100 executes the computer program D102, step 1 involves acquiring the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculating the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, step 2 is executed; otherwise, step 3 is executed. Step 2 involves calculating the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introducing a time delay compensation factor, and performing feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening degree. Step 3 involves using the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to a fuzzy controller, calculating the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and performing fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through an actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening degree. Specifically, by using the actuator to perform feedforward control on the pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side, the system's response accuracy to rapid load fluctuations is significantly improved, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system. The introduction of a time-delay compensation factor to offset communication or valve action delays further reduces the control response time, thereby improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system. Furthermore, the introduction of fuzzy PID control, with the differential pressure and electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, ensures that the fuzzy PID control can adapt to different operating load conditions, significantly increasing the system's responsiveness and adaptability, which is beneficial to improving the control accuracy of the hydrogen production system and ensuring its stable operation.

[0109] The processor D100 can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0110] In some embodiments, the memory D101 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal device D10, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal device D10. In other embodiments, the memory D101 may be an external storage device of the terminal device D10, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), flash card, etc., equipped on the terminal device D10. Furthermore, the memory D101 may include both internal and external storage units of the terminal device D10. The memory D101 is used to store the operating system, applications, bootloader, data, and other programs, such as the program code of the computer program. The memory D101 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0111] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0112] This application provides a computer program product that, when run on a terminal device, enables the terminal device to implement the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of this application is limited to these examples; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0114] One or more embodiments in this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A control method for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production system comprising a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Real-time acquisition of the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator, and calculation of the electrolyzer load change rate based on the output current. When the electrolyzer load change rate is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, proceed to Step 2; otherwise, proceed to Step 3. Step 2: Based on the output current, a time-delay compensation factor is introduced to calculate the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve, and the actuator is used to perform feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the first opening degree; the time-delay compensation factor is used to compensate for communication or valve action delay; the step of calculating the first opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introducing the time-delay compensation factor includes: calculating the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the output current; obtaining the electrolyzer efficiency corresponding to the current electrolyzer load ratio based on prior knowledge; calculating the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer under the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency; calculating the initial opening degree based on the hydrogen production degree, and introducing the time-delay compensation factor to correct the initial opening degree to obtain the first opening degree; the expression for the first opening degree is: in, Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio Hydrogen production under the following conditions The time delay compensation factor is determined by the communication delay t1 between the control system and the hydrogen production power source, and the valve action delay t2. The delay t = t1 + t2. The larger t is, the greater the time delay compensation factor becomes. The larger the value, the smaller the value of this parameter. The closer the value is to 0, the more experimentally it needs to be determined. This indicates the absolute temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet. This represents the density of a gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index represents the compressibility coefficient of a gas. This represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen. Indicates the absolute pressure at the inlet. Indicates the margin coefficient. This represents the flow coefficient at the pre-calculated rated gas production rate. Represents the gas constant. Indicates the pressure differential ratio; Step 3: Use the pressure difference and the electrolytic cell load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculate the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and perform fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to make the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meet the second opening degree.

2. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure difference is the difference between the internal pressure of the hydrogen-oxygen separator and the pressure after the pneumatic diaphragm valve.

3. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the electrolytic cell load change rate based on the output current includes: Through calculation formula The rate of change of the load of the electrolytic cell was obtained. ;in, Indicates the magnitude of load change. Indicates a unit of time. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Load ratio at any given time , Indicates the total time. Indicates that the hydrogen production power source is in Output current at time t. This indicates the rated current of the electrolytic cell.

4. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 3, which uses the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, and calculates the second opening degree of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, includes the following steps: Using Gaussian membership function The electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference Mapped to a fuzzy set; where, This represents a bivariate Gaussian membership function with independent variables of pressure difference and load ratio. , These represent the mean load ratio and the mean pressure difference, respectively. , This represents the standard deviation of the load ratio and the standard deviation of the pressure difference. Fuzzy rules are constructed based on prior knowledge; the fuzzy rules indicate the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient corresponding to different electrolytic cell load ratios and pressure differences; use The algorithm performs fuzzy inference, generates fuzzy outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients, and defuzzifies them using the centroid method to obtain accurate outputs of proportional coefficients and integral coefficients. Inject the precise output The controller, by the The controller calculates the second opening degree based on the pressure error and the liquid level error.

5. The hydrogen production system control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The expression for the fuzzy rule is: in, This represents the proportional coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. This represents the integral coefficient in the PID obtained by fuzzy deduction. Represents a regular matrix, different The corresponding PID proportional coefficient value is as follows: Indicates the load ratio of the electrolytic cell Pressure difference Its membership function Gaussian membership function The ordered pair set, , Indicated by the electrolytic cell load ratio and pressure difference A fuzzy rule for inferring the PID proportional coefficient value.

6. A control device for an adaptive load fluctuation hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production system comprising a hydrogen production power source, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen-oxygen separator, and an actuator acting on a pneumatic diaphragm valve on the hydrogen-oxygen side of the hydrogen-oxygen separator, characterized in that, include: The fluctuation detection module acquires the output current of the hydrogen production power supply and the pressure difference inside and outside the hydrogen-oxygen separator in real time, and calculates the load change rate of the electrolyzer based on the output current. When the load change rate of the electrolyzer is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first opening adjustment module is executed. Otherwise, execute the second opening adjustment module; The first opening adjustment module calculates the first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and introduces a time-delay compensation factor. It then performs feedforward control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve via the actuator to ensure the valve meets the first opening. The time-delay compensation factor is used to compensate for communication or valve action delays. The calculation of the first opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output current and the time-delay compensation factor includes: calculating the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the output current; obtaining the electrolyzer efficiency corresponding to the current electrolyzer load ratio based on prior knowledge; calculating the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer under the current electrolyzer load ratio based on the electrolyzer efficiency; calculating the initial opening based on the hydrogen production; and correcting the initial opening using the time-delay compensation factor to obtain the first opening. The expression for the first opening is: in, Indicates the electrolytic cell load ratio Hydrogen production under the following conditions The time delay compensation factor is determined by the communication delay t1 between the control system and the hydrogen production power source, and the valve action delay t2. The delay t = t1 + t2. The larger t is, the greater the time delay compensation factor becomes. The larger the value, the smaller the value of this parameter. The closer the value is to 0, the more experimentally it needs to be determined. This indicates the absolute temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen entering the valve inlet. This represents the density of a gas under standard conditions. The adiabatic index represents the compressibility coefficient of a gas. This represents the expansion coefficient of hydrogen and oxygen. Indicates the absolute pressure at the inlet. Indicates the margin coefficient. This represents the flow coefficient at the pre-calculated rated gas production rate. Represents the gas constant. Indicates the pressure differential ratio; The second opening adjustment module takes the pressure difference and the electrolyzer load ratio as inputs to the fuzzy controller, calculates the second opening of the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve based on the output of the fuzzy controller, and performs fuzzy PID control on the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve through the actuator to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen side pneumatic diaphragm valve meets the second opening.

7. A terminal device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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