Phased drainage system for large ore stockpiles and method of construction and dynamic maintenance thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a large ore yard phased drainage system and a construction and dynamic maintenance method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of large bulk cargo yard foundation treatment and dynamic drainage engineering. The system comprises a peripheral interception system, an internal seepage drainage transition system, an underground road connection system and a permanent drainage system. The core of the construction and dynamic maintenance method is that: in the initial stage, flexible gravel channels are adopted to adapt to uneven settlement; during the settlement period, through monitoring, graded materials are used to dynamically backfill and maintain the settlement area; and after stabilization, the gravel channels are reconstructed in situ into reinforced concrete channels. The method effectively deals with foundation settlement through the strategy of "soft first, hard later, dynamic monitoring and timely upgrading", avoids the drainage failure caused by foundation settlement in the traditional method, realizes efficient and reliable operation of the drainage system in the whole life cycle, and significantly improves the safety and economy. The application is suitable for rainstorm working condition drainage of large material piles such as ores and coal, and has remarkable safety and economic benefits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of large bulk material yard foundation treatment and dynamic drainage engineering, in particular to a phased drainage system for large ore yards and a method for constructing and dynamically maintaining the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] Large ore yards are key facilities in the metallurgical, coal, and port industries, and are characterized by large storage volume, high load strength, uneven material particle size, and strong water permeability. Such yards are often built in coastal reclamation or areas with poor geological conditions, and the foundation will experience significant and continuous uneven settlement under the action of the load. In extreme conditions such as heavy rain, a large amount of rainwater can accumulate inside the yard, and if not drained in time, the infiltration of the accumulated water will increase the self-weight of the pile and reduce the shear strength, which can easily induce pile sliding or collapse accidents, threatening the safety of operations and causing significant material loss and equipment damage. In addition, the percolate containing minerals may pollute the surrounding soil and groundwater environment. Therefore, constructing an efficient and reliable drainage system is key to ensuring the safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient operation of the yard.

[0003] The drainage system of a large ore yard needs to cope with the impact of ore rolling, the adaptability of pile dynamic changes, and the influence of foundation settlement, and traditional fixed drainage structures often fail to function under complex conditions. Chinese patent CN101435220A (published on May 20, 2009) discloses a bulk cargo yard drainage channel drainage grading sedimentation drainage system, which sets a drainage channel on the side wall of the track beam, sets a sedimentation tank at the end of the drainage channel, and uses the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the drainage channel to guide rainwater to the end sedimentation tank, realizing the combination of drainage and primary sedimentation, and the channel can also serve as a fire fighting passage to save land occupation. The drainage channel of this system is fixed on the side wall of the track beam, and cannot adapt to the dynamic adjustment of the pile shape, has drainage blind spots, and leads to a decrease in drainage efficiency; at the same time, the material pile contains a large amount of coarse-grained slag, which can easily cause rapid accumulation in the sedimentation tank, increasing the frequency and cost of cleaning.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN207794248U (publication date August 31, 2018) discloses a drainage ditch and system for bulk storage yard, which realizes the functions of drainage and sedimentation by setting first and second drainage ditches and using the combined structure of infiltration ditch and groove. The first drainage ditch includes adjacent first groove and first infiltration ditch, and the water flow is guided through the water-permeable holes on the water wall. The cover plate design can reduce the bulk material falling into the groove. The rubble filled in the infiltration ditch is easily displaced by large-diameter bulk material, causing the infiltration channel to be blocked. In the face of post-construction settlement of several meters, the rigid ditch body and cover plate are prone to breakage due to uneven settlement. In addition, the water-permeable holes of the water wall are prone to misalignment and blockage during the settlement process, resulting in loss of drainage function. Furthermore, when large mobile machinery is operating in the yard, its load will directly act on the cover plate, which is prone to deformation and damage over time, further increasing the risk of ditch blockage.

[0005] Chinese invention patent CN118241636A (publication date June 25, 2024) discloses a soft soil foundation drainage method based on in-plate pressurized plastic drainage board. The method sets a pressurizing pipe in the main structure of the plastic drainage board, and cooperates with the shoe, vacuumizing device and pressurizing device to use high-pressure gas to drive the water in the soft soil foundation to drain into the drainage channel, thereby shortening the drainage consolidation time. This patent focuses on accelerating foundation consolidation and cannot effectively solve the problem of rapid collection and removal of surface water under extreme conditions such as heavy rain. At the same time, the plastic drainage board is prone to breakage, and the connection between the pressurizing pipe and the shoe is also prone to breakage under external force, thereby losing the pressurized drainage function.

[0006] In summary, large-scale ore storage yards have complex geological conditions and special working conditions, which pose high requirements on the safety, adaptability and long-term effectiveness of the drainage system. In the existing technology, the drainage system with fixed structure cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the heap and the continuous settlement of the foundation, and is prone to problems such as drainage blind area, ditch breakage and channel blockage, resulting in decreased drainage efficiency or even functional failure. Not only can it not meet the drainage needs under extreme conditions such as heavy rain, but also poses safety hazards and environmental risks. The drainage method that focuses on foundation consolidation cannot solve the core problem of rapid removal of surface water. Therefore, for the complex working conditions of large-scale ore storage yards, it is an urgent need in the current industry to develop a drainage system that can adapt to foundation settlement, dynamically adjust the structure form, and consider efficient drainage and long-term reliability, as well as a construction and maintenance method. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of this, the present application designs a large ore yard phased drainage system and its construction and dynamic maintenance method, aiming at the risk of collapse caused by internal water accumulation in large ore yards during heavy rain, and the problem that the traditional fixed drainage ditch is easy to fail and difficult to bear the load of large mobile machinery due to post-construction settlement, the present application ensures the functional integrity and reliability of the drainage system throughout the life cycle of the yard through the active management strategy of "monitoring-dynamic maintenance-stable upgrading". The technical scheme is as follows:

[0008] The large ore yard phased drainage system comprises a peripheral interception system, an internal seepage and drainage transition system, an under-road connection system and a permanent drainage system.

[0009] The peripheral interception system comprises a non-capped drainage ditch arranged around the material pile and beside the main road, which is used to intercept and drain the peripheral catchment of the yard.

[0010] The internal seepage and drainage transition system comprises a trapezoidal gravel drainage ditch arranged at the edge of the internal road of the yard, which is used to bear internal drainage, filtration and adapt to uneven settlement before the yard settlement is stable.

[0011] The under-road connection system comprises a drainage pipeline buried under the road and coated with reinforced concrete, which is used to bear pressure and seamlessly connect the peripheral interception system and the internal seepage and drainage transition system.

[0012] The permanent drainage system comprises a reinforced concrete drainage ditch formed by reconstructing the gravel drainage ditch in situ after the post-construction settlement of the yard is stable, which is used to provide long-term, stable and load-resistant drainage capacity.

[0013] Further, the cross section of the gravel drainage ditch is trapezoidal, the upper base width is 5-6m, the lower base width is 0.5-1m, the depth is 1.5-2m, the slope coefficient is 1.25-1.5, and the gravel particle size is 20-50mm.

[0014] Further, the drainage pipeline is a steel pipe with a pipe diameter of DN1000-DN1500, the outer wall of the pipeline is coated with reinforced concrete structure, and the buried depth is determined according to the design load of the road to ensure safety when large mobile machinery passes.

[0015] Further, the reinforced concrete drainage ditch has a rectangular cross section, the width is 1.0-2.0m, the depth is 1.0-2.5m, and the concrete strength grade is not less than C30.

[0016] Further, the width of the non-capped drainage ditch is 2-2.5m, and the depth is 1.5-3m.

[0017] Further, after uneven settlement of the stockyard, materials similar to the original stockyard materials are selected as backfill materials to backfill and repair the settlement area in time to prevent rainwater accumulation.

[0018] The application provides a method for building and maintaining the above-mentioned staged drainage system, which comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1: initial construction stage of the system

[0020] During the formation of the stockyard or after the formation, the peripheral uncovered drainage ditch and the internal trapezoidal gravel drainage ditch are constructed synchronously according to the design drawings; at the place where the drainage ditch needs to cross the internal road, the pipe trench is excavated in advance, the drainage pipeline is installed, and the reinforced concrete is enveloped and reinforced, and the road surface is restored after backfilling and compaction to form an initial drainage network allowing deformation.

[0021] S2: dynamic monitoring and maintenance stage during the settlement period

[0022] During the loading period of the stockyard operation, the inspection and monitoring system of the system is established. The elevation, linearity and water accumulation of the drainage ditch are measured and recorded regularly. When the ditch body dislocation, fracture or local water accumulation caused by uneven settlement is found, the maintenance program is started immediately. The graded material similar to the material property of the original stockyard is used to backfill the settlement area in layers, the compaction machinery is used to compact the layers, and the level gauge is used to calibrate and accurately restore the design drainage slope.

[0023] S3: system upgrading stage during the stable period

[0024] After the long-term monitoring of the buried settlement observation point and the determination that the foundation settlement of the stockyard has reached the stable standard, the system upgrading is implemented: the filling material in all the internal gravel drainage ditches is excavated by using mechanical equipment, then the filling material is excavated to the design elevation according to the final design size, the steel bars are bound in situ, the formwork is supported, and the concrete with a strength not less than C30 is cast in situ to once change the internal gravel drainage ditches into the permanent reinforced concrete drainage ditches.

[0025] S4: long-term regular maintenance stage

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following remarkable advantages:

[0027] 1. The application breaks through the traditional thinking of "one-time construction" and creatively proposes the theory of "staged adaptation". The flexible and variable gravel ditch is used in the initial stage to adapt to the settlement, and the rigid and permanent concrete ditch is upgraded in the later stage, which perfectly solves the fundamental contradiction of the construction of the drainage system of the large stockyard on the soft foundation, and the technical concept is ingenious and not obvious.

[0028] 2. The present application regards the drainage system as a dynamic development of life, and provides a complete methodology from construction, monitoring, maintenance to upgrading. Through real-time monitoring and dynamic backfill maintenance, problems are eliminated in the embryonic state, changing passive repair to active maintenance, greatly improving the reliability and service life of the system.

[0029] 3. The present application has low initial construction cost: the cost of gravel ditch is much lower than that of concrete ditch; low maintenance cost during settlement period: the dynamic backfill cost is much lower than that of repeated reconstruction of concrete ditch; and finally forms a permanent high-quality facility. The overall cost in the whole cycle is optimal, and the return on investment is high.

[0030] 4. The present application can effectively ensure that the accumulated water inside the stockyard is quickly drained under extreme conditions such as heavy rain, greatly reducing the risk of landslide and collapse of the stockpile, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment, significantly reducing material loss and equipment failure rate, and at the same time, through the filtering effect of the gravel layer, reducing the discharge of pollutants with rainwater, which has positive environmental significance.

[0031] 5. The present application optimizes the layout path of the drainage ditch, avoids the core area of material stacking and equipment operation, ensures the drainage function while minimizing the impact on the process flow, and the dynamic maintenance operation is flexible and fast, with much less disturbance to the normal operation of the stockyard than the maintenance and construction of large concrete structures.

[0032] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the contents of the specification can be implemented, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following will be described in detail with the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual proportion.

[0034] Figure 1 The present application is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the phased drainage system.

[0035] Figure 2 The present application is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the uncovered drainage ditch of the phased drainage system.

[0036] Figure 3The cross section structure diagram of the gravel drainage ditch of the phased drainage system of the application.

[0037] Figure 4 The cross section diagram of the drainage pipeline of the road section of the phased drainage system of the application.

[0038] Figure 5 The flow chart of the construction and dynamic maintenance method of the phased drainage system of the application.

[0039] The reference signs: 1, the uncovered drainage ditch; 2, the gravel drainage ditch; 3, the drainage pipeline; 4, the reinforced concrete drainage ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. In addition, in order to be clear and concise, the description of known functions and structures is omitted in the embodiments.

[0041] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily mean the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0042] In addition, the reference numbers and / or letters can be repeated in different examples in the present application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0043] The term "and / or" herein is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which means that there are three cases of A alone, B alone and A and B together. The term "and" herein is a description of another association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be two relationships, for example, A and B, which means that there are two cases of A alone and A and B together. In addition, the characters " / " in the text generally represent an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0044] The term "at least one" is merely used to describe a corresponding relationship of the associated objects, and indicates that three relationships can exist, for example, at least one of A and B can indicate that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.

[0045] It should also be noted that the relationship terms such as first and second in this article are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] In order to make the technical means, purposes and effects of the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described below in combination with specific drawings.

[0048] This embodiment introduces a phased drainage system for a large ore yard, which includes a peripheral interception system, an internal seepage drainage transition system, an under-road connection system and a permanent drainage system. The plan layout of the phased drainage system is shown in Figure 1 .

[0049] The peripheral interception system is composed of uncovered drainage ditches 1 arranged around the material pile and beside the main road. The cross-sectional structure of the uncovered drainage ditch 1 is shown in Figure 2 .

[0050] The internal seepage drainage transition system is composed of trapezoidal gravel drainage ditches 2 arranged at the edges of the internal roads of the yard. The cross-sectional structure of the gravel drainage ditch 2 is shown in Figure 3 .

[0051] The under-road connection system is composed of drainage pipes 3 buried under the road and coated with reinforced concrete. The cross-sectional view of the drainage pipe 3 in the road section is shown in Figure 4 .

[0052] The permanent drainage system is composed of reinforced concrete drainage ditches 4 which are reconstructed in situ from the gravel drainage ditches after the post-construction settlement of the yard is stabilized.

[0053] Preferably, the uncovered drainage ditch 1 is arranged along the periphery of the large yard and the main road, adopts a C30 concrete structure, and the designed cross-section is 2.5m in top width, 1.8m in bottom width and 3.0m in depth.

[0054] Preferably, the gravel drainage ditch 2 is arranged along the edges of the internal roads of the stockyard, with a trapezoidal cross section, an upper base width of 6 m, a lower base width of 1 m, a depth of 2 m, and a slope coefficient of 1.5, which matches the natural angle of repose of the ore, and is filled with graded gravel with a particle size of 20-50 mm.

[0055] Preferably, the drainage pipe 3 is a DN1200x12mm Q235B steel pipe, which is arranged at all road intersections and is wrapped and reinforced by pouring C30 plain concrete with a thickness of 300mm outside the steel pipe, and the minimum soil covering depth of the pipe top is 1.2m, which can withstand a ground load of 300kPa.

[0056] Preferably, the reinforced concrete drainage ditch 4 is reconstructed from the gravel drainage ditch 2 and implemented after stable settlement. The reinforced concrete drainage ditch has a rectangular cross section, a width of 1.8m, a depth of 2m, a wall thickness of 300mm, a concrete strength of C30, and a reinforcement of HRB400.

[0057] With the above phased drainage system, in extreme conditions such as heavy rain, the accumulated water in the stockpile can be quickly drained, effectively preventing the occurrence of collapse accidents, reducing material loss and equipment damage, and improving the operational efficiency and safety of the stockyard. Therefore, the large-scale ore stockyard phased drainage system formed by the present application has significant advantages in improving the safety and stability of the stockyard, and has high application value.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment introduces the construction and dynamic maintenance method of the large-scale ore stockyard phased drainage system. Figure 5 The flowchart of the method is shown in the figure.

[0060] S1: When the material is just starting to form, lay out the design drawings, simultaneously excavate all the peripheral uncovered drainage ditch 1 and gravel drainage ditch 2. With the formation of the internal roads, simultaneously promote the construction of the drainage pipe 3 under the road, and ensure that the drainage system is put into use simultaneously with the construction of the stockyard.

[0061] S2: Form a professional maintenance team for dynamic maintenance, and conduct monthly inspections. During one inspection, it is found that a section of about 50 meters of gravel ditch in the B area has sunk by 0.4 meters, forming accumulated water. Immediately call the tailings with a particle size of 0-40mm screened from the stockyard as backfill material, layer by layer backfill, use an 18-ton road roller to static pressure 2 times, and use a level instrument to control, and restore the design longitudinal slope of 0.4%.

[0062] S3: The data of the embedded settlement observation pile shows that the monthly settlement rate of the foundation is less than 2mm / month for three consecutive months, and it is determined that the settlement has entered the stable stage. According to the decision, the system upgrade is started. The gravel in all the internal gravel drainage ditches is dug out by the excavator, the gravel can be reused after cleaning, then the design is excavated to the elevation, the reinforcement is bound, the combined steel formwork is erected, the C30 concrete is continuously poured at one time, and the final reinforced concrete drainage ditch 4 is formed.

[0063] S4: In the whole life cycle of the system, the long-term maintenance plan of the whole plant infrastructure is carried out, the dredging and structure inspection of all the ditches are carried out every quarter, and the continuous and effective system is ensured.

[0064] The construction and maintenance method of the drainage system in embodiment 1 forms a hierarchical drainage system suitable for the characteristics of the stockyard through the collaborative design of the peripheral uncovered drainage ditch and the internal gravel drainage ditch, and the upgrading and reconstruction of the reinforced concrete drainage ditch after the settlement is stable. Therefore, the large ore stockyard drainage system and the complete technical system formed by the construction and maintenance of the application have high popularization and application value.

[0065] The above only describes the exemplary embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the exemplary embodiments of the present application can be changed and varied in many ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and all changes and variations are included in the protection scope of the present disclosure defined by the claims. The protection scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims, and the equivalents of these claims are also included.

Claims

1. A method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: During or after the formation of the stockpile, simultaneously construct the outer uncovered drainage ditch (1) and the inner trapezoidal gravel drainage ditch (2), and pre-install drainage pipes (3) where the drainage ditch needs to cross the road to form an initial drainage network; when the drainage pipe (3) is constructed, a waterproof layer is set around it, and the waterproof layer is made of polymer waterproof material with a thickness of not less than 2mm; Step S2: During the operation of the stockyard, monitor the drainage system; when uneven settlement causes the ditch to become misaligned, broken or waterlogged, use graded materials with properties similar to the original stockyard materials to backfill and compact the settlement area in layers, and restore the designed drainage slope. Step S3: After the monitoring data shows that the settlement of the foundation of the stockpile site has reached the stability standard, the internal crushed stone drainage ditch (2) is excavated to the design elevation, and a reinforced concrete structure is constructed in situ to convert it into a permanent reinforced concrete drainage ditch (4); the settlement stability standard is: the average monthly settlement rate for three consecutive months is less than 2 mm / month. Step S4: Establish a regular maintenance mechanism, clean up debris in various open ditches, check the structural integrity of drainage ditches, and repair any cracks or damaged parts with concrete of the same grade in a timely manner. The phased drainage system includes an external interception system, an internal infiltration and drainage transition system, an under-road connection system, and a permanent drainage system; the external interception system includes uncovered drainage ditches (1) arranged around the material piles and along the main roads, used to intercept and collect surface runoff from the periphery of the site. The internal seepage transition system includes a trapezoidal gravel drainage ditch (2) arranged at the edge of the internal road of the storage yard, which is used to collect seepage water inside the storage yard before settlement and to adapt to the foundation settlement of the storage yard; the road connection system includes a drainage pipe (3) buried under the road, which is connected at both ends to an uncovered drainage ditch (1) and a trapezoidal gravel drainage ditch (2) respectively, for guiding the internal water collection to the external drainage ditch; The permanent drainage system includes a reinforced concrete drainage ditch (4) which is converted from the gravel drainage ditch (2) in situ after the yard has settled and stabilized. This provides a structurally robust permanent drainage channel during the stabilization period. The external interception system and the internal infiltration transition or permanent drainage system are connected by the roadway connection system to form a complete drainage channel network.

2. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the crushed stone drainage ditch (2) is trapezoidal, with an upper base width of 5~6m, a lower base width of 0.5~1m, a depth of 1.5~2m, a slope coefficient of 1.25~1.5, a crushed stone particle size of 20~50mm, and the slope coefficient is matched with the natural angle of repose of the stockpile material.

3. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (3) is a steel pipe with a diameter of DN1000~DN1500. The outer wall of the pipe is encased in reinforced concrete. The burial depth is determined according to the road design load, while ensuring that it does not affect the passage of large mobile machinery.

4. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforced concrete drainage ditch (4) has a rectangular cross section with a width of 1.0~2.0m and a depth of 1.0~2.5m. Its concrete strength grade is not lower than C30.

5. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uncovered drainage ditch (1) has a width of 2~2.5m and a depth of 1.5~3m.

6. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring described in step S2 includes regular inspections and measurements of the elevation, linearity, and water accumulation of the drainage ditch.

7. The method for constructing and dynamically maintaining a phased drainage system for a large ore stockpile according to claim 6, characterized in that, The regular maintenance mechanism described in step S4 shall be carried out at least once per quarter, with the frequency of maintenance increased after extreme weather events such as heavy rain, to ensure the normal operation of the drainage system.

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