System, method and use for disinfecting objects by ionizing air

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, methods and uses for free radical disinfection of a surface of an object. The system includes a first compartment having a first opening dimensioned to receive the object therethrough, and having a first cover dimensioned to cover the first opening, the first compartment having a second opening dimensioned to receive the object therethrough, and the second compartment having a second cover dimensioned to cover the second opening. The first cover is configured to be resealable over the first opening of the first compartment. The system also includes an air ionizer coupled to the first compartment to generate free radicals for discharge into the first compartment, where a reaction of the free radicals with microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and uses for disinfecting objects using ionized air. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and uses for disinfecting surfaces of objects in a container using free radicals. For example, in some embodiments, the container may be a toy chest, or the system may be used to disinfect healthcare equipment, shared items, and / or pet equipment. Background Art

[0002] Bacteria are microscopic, living cells with a relatively simple structure; they are unicellular. Bacterial infections are transmitted through the respiratory and digestive tracts or through bites, scratches, and cuts. Ambient airborne bacteria originate from two sources: aerosols generated by water, such as humidifiers, air conditioners, cooling towers, and sewage, and aerosols generated by humans or animals. Saprophytes and pathogens are spread into the air by humans when they sneeze, cough, and talk. These bacteria can survive for variable periods of time, depending on the size of the projected droplets, the air temperature, its relative humidity, and the presence of a substrate that allows them to spread.

[0003] The classification of bacteria is based on cellular, morphological or biochemical characteristics. They are divided into two major groups, which depend on their reaction to Gram staining (Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria). Bacteria need a lot of water to reproduce vigorously. Gram-negative bacteria have fragile cell walls that cannot withstand the dehydration experienced during long periods of passage in the air or during sampling. Gram-positive bacteria have stronger walls, and some produce spores that increase their resistance to different environmental conditions. Thermophilic bacteria are in this group, where higher temperatures are conducive to growth.

[0004] Outdoors, bacteria primarily originate from water, soil, and plants, and are associated with the presence of humans and animals. Water bodies can aerosolize bacteria into the air, as can emissions from some industrial processes and cooling units. Inside buildings, bacteria primarily originate from occupants, as they contribute to the natural flora of the skin and mucous membranes. They typically contain more species and are present in higher concentrations than in the external environment.

[0005] Peptidoglycans are components of bacterial cell walls. They are suspected to be potential causative agents of lung inflammation associated with inhaled Gram-positive bacteria. Exotoxins are bioactive molecules, usually proteins, secreted during bacterial growth. They are also released during bacterial lysis. Although commonly associated with infectious diseases such as botulism, cholera, and tetanus, they can be found on substrates that support bacterial growth and subsequently in aerosolized form. There are no documented risks associated with their presence in the air.

[0006] Most bacteria found naturally in the human body do not cause adverse health effects. Some are even essential to both the human body and the environment. Health risks arise when the concentration of certain species becomes abnormally high. Thus, high concentrations of thermoactinomycete bacteria can cause allergic pneumonitis, such as farmer's lung disease. Certain bacteria are believed to be the culprits of infectious diseases. Health risks associated with the presence of Legionella pneumophila or Legionellosis are well documented. Legionellosis has two different forms: Legionnaires' disease, a potentially fatal progressive pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, which causes symptoms similar to influenza. The bacteria is known for its ability to thrive in water reservoirs. It dries easily and cannot survive outside of water. However, it can be disseminated in the air through the projection of water droplets containing it. Mycobacterium also cause concern for health, particularly the Mycobacterium tuberculosis species, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Most Mycobacterium species live in soil and water, but they are also found in diseased tissues of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is disseminated in the air through droplets produced by disease carriers and ventilation systems.

[0007] Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate within living cells of an organism. Outside of an infected cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles or virions. Like bacteria, viruses can also be disseminated in the air by humans when they sneeze, cough, and talk. Such viruses can survive for variable periods of time, the duration of which depends on the size of the projected droplets, the air temperature, its relative humidity, and the presence of substrates that allow them to propagate.

[0008] Both bacteria and viruses can survive on the surface of objects for variable periods of time. This increases the likelihood of transmission when the object is handled by different users.

[0009] Children's toys, especially in public environments such as daycare or preschool classes, can be efficient transmitters of bacteria and viruses among children. Other objects that can be shared among individuals can also be efficient transmitters of bacteria and viruses among users, including healthcare equipment, shared living / office space items, and pet equipment, among others. SUMMARY

[0010] In various examples, the present disclosure describes systems, methods, and uses of ionized air to disinfect surfaces of objects in a compartment.

[0011] In some examples, the present disclosure describes a system for disinfecting a surface of an object, the system comprising: a first compartment having a first opening, the first opening being sized to receive the object therethrough, and having a first cover sized to cover the first opening, the first cover being configured to be resealable over the first opening of the first compartment; and an air ionizer coupled to the first compartment to generate free radicals for discharge into the first compartment, wherein reaction of the free radicals with microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

[0012] In some examples, the present disclosure describes a method for disinfecting a surface of an object, the method comprising: placing the object in a first compartment through a first opening, the first opening being sized to receive the object therethrough; sealing the first opening of the first compartment with a resealable lid; and generating free radicals with an air ionizer and emitting the free radicals into the first compartment, wherein reaction of the free radicals with microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

[0013] In some examples, the present disclosure describes the use of free radicals for disinfecting the surface of an object, the use comprising: generating the free radicals and emitting them into a sealed compartment containing the object, the compartment having a resealable lid, wherein the reaction of the free radicals with microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

[0014] In any of the above examples, the air ionizer is a cold plasma emitter, and the free radicals include hydroxyl radicals.

[0015] In any above example, a fan is coupled to the first compartment, the fan configured to agitate air within the first compartment.

[0016] In any of the above examples, the air ionizer is configured to generate at least 400×10 6 Free radicals are generated at a rate of molecules / cm3.

[0017] In any of the above examples, the first compartment has a volume of 150 L or less, a volume of 80 L or less, or a volume of 25 L or less.

[0018] In any of the above examples, the free radical concentration within the first compartment is maintained between 300,000 and 25,000,000 molecules / cm3.

[0019] In any of the above examples, the air ionizer is positioned within the first compartment to generate the free radicals from air within the first compartment.

[0020] In any of the above examples, the second compartment is in fluid communication with the first compartment, the fan being positioned between the first compartment and the second compartment to direct air from one compartment to the other.

[0021] In any of the above examples, the air ionizer is fixed to the second compartment to generate the free radicals therein, and the fan is positioned between the first compartment and the second compartment to discharge the free radicals from the second compartment into the first compartment.

[0022] In any of the above examples, an air channel is coupled to the first compartment, wherein one end of the air channel is fluidly coupled to the first compartment and an opposite end of the air channel is fluidly coupled to the second compartment.

[0023] In any of the above examples, the volume of the second compartment is smaller than the volume of the first compartment.

[0024] In any of the above examples, a second opening is positioned in the second compartment, and a second lid is sized to cover the second opening, the second lid being configured to be resealable over the second opening of the second compartment.

[0025] In any of the above examples, the first compartment comprises a plastic storage bin, and the first cover is a plastic cover that is resealable over the first opening via a snap-fit ​​mechanism.

[0026] In any of the above examples, the first compartment is a toy box configured for storing children's toys.

[0027] In any of the above examples, the system is used to disinfect healthcare equipment, shared objects, and / or pet equipment.

[0028] Brief description of the attached figure

[0029] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, which show example embodiments of the present application, and in which:

[0030] Figure 1 is a front view of a system for disinfecting a surface of an object according to an example of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A rear perspective view of the system;

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 1an enlarged view of portion A;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 an enlarged plan view of a portion B of FIG.

[0034] Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of disinfecting a surface of an object according to an example of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 6 are plan views of the various test surfaces prior to placement in the compartment;

[0036] Figure 7 was placed in Phase 1 of the example study Figure 1 A front perspective view of various test surfaces in a bottom compartment of the system;

[0037] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Plan views of various test surfaces in;

[0038] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Front view of the system;

[0039] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 Partial side view of the system in the second study;

[0040] Figure 11 was placed in Phase 2 of the example study Figure 1 A front perspective view of various test surfaces in a top compartment of the system;

[0041] Figure 12 is a partial rear view of an ionizer and fan in an alternative system for disinfecting surfaces used in Phase 3 of the example study;

[0042] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Rear perspective view of the ionizer and fan;

[0043] Figure 14 yes Figure 12 A front perspective view of the ionizer and fan;

[0044] Figure 15 yes Figure 12 Plan view of the ionizer and fan;

[0045] Figure 16 yes Figure 12 a side view of the ionizer and fan, wherein the curved wall of rubber is positioned adjacent to the ionizer;

[0046] Figure 17is a top perspective view of a system for disinfecting a surface of an object according to another example of the present disclosure, wherein internal components are shown in phantom;

[0047] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A plan view of the system;

[0048] Figure 19 yes Figure 17 Front view of the system;

[0049] Figure 20 yes Figure 17 Right side view of the system;

[0050] Figure 21 It is along Figure 18 A cross-sectional view of line CC;

[0051] Figure 22 It is along Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of line DD;

[0052] Figure 23 It is along Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of line EE;

[0053] Figure 24 It is along Figure 23 A partial cross-sectional view of line GG;

[0054] Figure 25 It is along Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of line FF; and

[0055] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 Magnified view of section H.

[0056] Like reference numerals may have been used in different drawings to identify like components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] refer to Figures 1-4 and Figures 17-26 , shows an embodiment of a system 10 for disinfecting a surface of an object according to an example of the present disclosure. The disinfection system 10 generally includes a first compartment 12 and an air ionizer 14 coupled to the first compartment 12.

[0058] The first compartment 12 has a first opening shaped and sized to receive one or more objects therethrough. Specifically, the first compartment 12 includes a first container 18 and a corresponding first lid 16. The first container 18 defines the first opening, and the size of the first lid 16 is designed to cover the first opening. The first lid 16 is further configured to be resealable above the first opening of the first compartment 12.

[0059] The first compartment 12 of the present disclosure may be sized to be portable, such as having a volume of 150 liters or less. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment depicted in FIG, the first compartment 12 has a volume of 80 liters. In alternative applications, the first compartment 12 may have a smaller volume, such as 25 liters or less. The first compartment 12 may also alternatively have a volume greater than 150 liters.

[0060] for Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown in FIG, the first container 18 is a plastic box 19, and the first lid 16 is a corresponding plastic lid 20 that is resealable over the first opening by a snap-fit ​​mechanism. The plastic lid 20 and the plastic box 19 together form a plastic-to-plastic seal between them that is sufficient to reduce (if not eliminate) the escape of free radicals from the interior. The plastic box 19 and the corresponding plastic lid 20 can be standard plastic storage boxes commercially available to the public. In other applications, the first container 18 and the first lid 16 can be made of other materials and / or can utilize other resealable seals therebetween.

[0061] For example, when the disinfection system 10 is used as a toy chest, for safety purposes, the first container 18 and the first lid 16 can be configured to be openable from the inside. In this regard, the first lid 16 can be weighted, rather than having a snap-fit ​​mechanism, so that when the first lid 16 covers the first opening of the first compartment 12, the weight of the first lid 16 is sufficient to create a seal between the first lid 16 and the first compartment 12. In further applications, the first lid 16 and the first compartment 12 can have embedded magnets to assist in aligning and retaining the first lid 16 over the first opening of the first compartment 12. To this end, magnets can be positioned around the first opening of the first compartment 12, and additional magnets can be positioned accordingly around the perimeter of the adjacent first lid 16. Alternatively, one of the first lid 16 and the first compartment 12 can have embedded magnets, while the other can have ferromagnetic components positioned to correspond to the magnets in use. In either case, the advantage is that the first lid 16 can be opened from the inside. Other variations known in the art are possible.

[0062] In certain applications, the first lid 16 and / or the first container 18 may have a more robust seal, for example, if the air pressure inside the first compartment 12 is higher than the ambient air pressure outside the first compartment 12. Such a robust seal may involve a gasket (not shown) to make the first compartment 12 airtight when in use.

[0063] An air ionizer 14 is coupled to the first compartment 12 to generate free radicals for discharge into the first compartment 12. The free radicals react with microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses) on surfaces, thereby inactivating the microorganisms by rendering them unable to function and thus unable to reproduce.

[0064] The air ionizer 14 may be a cold plasma ionization emitter or another ionizer known in the art. The air ionizer 14 is configured to cause the formation of free radicals, particularly hydroxyl radicals, which react with and inactivate microorganisms as described above. The cold plasma ionization emitter may be capable of generating 400×10 6 molecules / cm 3 or more. In applications where the first compartment 12 has a very large volume (such as greater than 150 liters), a larger air ionizer 14 or more than one air ionizer 14 may be used to generate free radicals to fill the first compartment 12. Depending on the size or volume of the first compartment 12, the cold plasma ionization emitter will be constructed or selected to generate and maintain (preferably) 300,000 to 25,000,000 molecules / cm3 within the first compartment 12. 3 ion concentration.

[0065] In some applications not shown, an air ionizer 14 may be positioned within the first compartment 12 to generate free radicals from the air within the first compartment 12. The disinfection system 10 may further have a fan 22 coupled to the first compartment 12 or simply placed within the first compartment 12, wherein the fan 22 is configured to agitate the air within the first compartment 12. When the disinfection system is in use, agitating the air within the first compartment 12 may help to bring a greater number of hydroxyl radicals into contact with microorganisms on surfaces of objects. In some embodiments, one or more objects or walls may be inserted into the first compartment 12 to change the airflow within the disinfection system 10. This may affect the distribution of free radicals through the first compartment 12 / disinfection system 10. For example, Figure 16 As shown in , curved walls formed from rubber sheets can be positioned beside and above the air ionizer 14 to alter the air agitation pattern in the disinfection system 10, such as by helping to direct free radicals toward the surface to be disinfected.

[0066] The disinfection system 10 may further include a second compartment 24 fluidly coupled to the first compartment 12. The first compartment 12 may be fluidly coupled to the second compartment 24 via a first conduit 25 positioned therebetween. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the depicted embodiment, the first conduit 25 is formed by corresponding holes in the top and bottom of the first and second compartments 12, 14, respectively. In this case, the fan 22 can be positioned within the first conduit 25 between the first and second compartments 12, 24 to direct air from one compartment to the other (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). The air ionizer 14 is further shown as being secured to the second compartment 24 to generate free radicals within the second compartment 24. Since the fan 22 is positioned between the first and second compartments 12, 24, the fan 22 can be operated to direct or exhaust the free radicals from the second compartment 24 into the first compartment 12. In this manner, objects placed in the first compartment 12 will not come into contact with the air ionizer 14 in the second compartment 24.

[0067] If the sterilization system 10 includes the second compartment 24, the sterilization system 10 can further have an air passageway 26, where one end of the air passageway 26 is fluidly coupled to the first compartment 12 via a second conduit 29, and the opposite end of the air passageway 26 is fluidly coupled to the second compartment 24. If the fan 22 is operating to direct and exhaust the free radicals from the second compartment 24 into the first compartment 12, the presence of the air passageway 26 allows air from the first compartment 12 to be circulated back into the second compartment 24 for reuse. If the fan 22 is operating in the opposite direction, the air passageway 26 allows the free radicals generated in the second compartment 24 to be directed and exhausted into the first compartment 12. The fan 22 will then direct air from the first compartment 12 into the second compartment 24 for reuse. The air passageway 26 can be any passageway that fluidly connects the first compartment 12 with the second compartment 24. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the air passageway 26 is a hose.

[0068] In some applications, the second compartment 24 can be used only to house the air ionizer 14, in which free radicals can be generated and then exhausted into the first compartment 12. In other applications, the second compartment 24 can also be used to house objects whose surfaces are to be sterilized. In such cases, the second compartment 24 can include a second container 27 that forms a second opening, and a second lid 28 that is sized to cover the second opening. Similar to the first lid 16 with the first compartment 12, the second lid 28 can be configured to be resealable over the second opening of the second compartment 24. In Figures 1-4In the embodiment shown in FIG, the second container 27 comprises another plastic box 30, and the second lid 28 is another corresponding plastic lid 32 that is resealable over the second opening by a snap-fit ​​mechanism. The other plastic lid 32 and the other plastic box 30 can together form another plastic-to-plastic seal therebetween that is sufficient to reduce (if not eliminate) the escape of free radicals from the interior. The other plastic box 30 and the other corresponding plastic lid 32 can also be standard plastic storage boxes commercially available to the public.

[0069] Similar to the first container 18 and first lid 16 described above, the second container 27 and second lid 28 may be made of other materials and / or may utilize other resealable seals therebetween.

[0070] The volume of the second compartment 24 may be different from (such as smaller than) the volume of the first compartment 12. Figures 1-4 In the embodiment described in, the volume of the second compartment 24 is 24L, and the volume of the first compartment 12 is 80L.When the volume of the second compartment 24 is different from the volume of the first compartment 12, this naturally can produce different concentrations of free radicals in the corresponding compartment.When using the same air ionizer in the same time period, smaller volume tends to have a higher concentration of free radicals, and larger volume tends to have a lower concentration of free radicals. (Larger) first compartment 12 and (smaller) second compartment 24 both can be used to accommodate objects to be disinfected on surfaces simultaneously. This type of setting produces different zones with different ionization intensities, which can provide users with the option of faster disinfection of smaller objects in (smaller) second compartment 24 and / or slower disinfection of larger objects in (larger) first compartment 12.

[0071] Go to Figures 17-26 , shows another embodiment of a system 10 for disinfecting a surface of an object. Figures 1-4 Similar to the embodiment shown in , the disinfection system 10 also includes a first compartment 12, a second compartment 24, and an air ionizer 14. The first compartment 12 includes a first container 18 having a corresponding first cover 16 covering a first opening of the first container 18. Figures 17-26 In the embodiment shown in FIG, the first lid 16 is secured to the first container 18 by a hinge.

[0072] and Figures 1-4 The implementation shown in Figures 17-26The first lid 16 and the first container 18 shown in FIG are not configured to engage via a snap-fit ​​mechanism. For example, when the disinfection system 10 is used as a toy box, the first container 18 and the first lid 16 can be configured to be openable from the inside for safety purposes. In this regard, the first lid 16 can be weighted so that when the first lid 16 covers the first opening of the first compartment 12, the weight of the first lid 16 can be sufficient to create a temporary seal between the first lid 16 and the first compartment 12.

[0073] In further applications, the first cover 16 and the first compartment 12 may have embedded magnets to assist in keeping the first cover 16 above the first opening of the first compartment 12 to create a temporary seal therebetween. To this end, a magnet (not shown) may be positioned around the first opening of the first compartment 12, and additional magnets (not shown) may be positioned correspondingly around the periphery of the adjacent first cover 16. Alternatively, one of the first cover 16 and the first compartment 12 may have an embedded magnet, while the other may have a ferromagnetic component (not shown) positioned corresponding to the magnet in use. In either case, the hinge helps maintain the alignment between the first cover 16 and the first compartment 12.

[0074] One advantage of the above example is that the first cover 16 can be opened from the inside. Other variations of resealable seals known in the art may be used.

[0075] Although the air ionizer 14 is also positioned within the second compartment 24, in the depicted embodiment, the second compartment is not configured to house other objects to be disinfected. Figures 17-26 The second compartment 24 in the embodiment of is sized to accommodate only the air ionizer 14. And, Figures 17-26 The first compartment 12 and the second compartment 24 in the embodiment are not formed by two containers (such as Figures 1-4 ), but rather are confined within a unitary constructed housing 33. While the unitary construction allows for a more robust product, in alternative applications, the first compartment 12 and the second compartment 24 may be releasably secured to one another.

[0076] Figures 17-26 The embodiment shown in FIG depicts the air ionizer 14 to be positioned proximate to the first compartment 14. To this end, the present embodiment further has an ionizer cover 34 positioned to cover the ionizer 14 and separate the first compartment 12 from the second compartment 24. The ionizer cover 34 may be releasably securable to the first compartment 12 of the housing 33 such that the air ionizer 14 is accessible from within the first compartment 12.

[0077] As described above, the first compartment 12 is fluidly coupled to the second compartment 24 via the first conduit 25 positioned between the first compartment 12 and the second compartment 24. Figure 21 and Figure 25 As best shown in FIG, the first conduit 25 in the depicted embodiment includes a plurality of holes that are positioned within the ionizer cover 34 adjacent the air ionizer 14. Because the ionizer cover 34 is positioned between the first compartment 12 and the second compartment 24, the first conduit 25 allows air to travel freely in either direction.

[0078] The compartments 12, 24 are also fluidly coupled by an air passage 26, wherein one end of the air passage 26 is fluidly coupled to the first compartment 12 via a second conduit 29, and the opposite end of the air passage 26 is fluidly coupled to the second compartment 24, which is in fluid communication with and positioned adjacent to the air ionizer 14. Figures 17-26 In the embodiment shown in FIG, the air passage 26 is not a hose, but a passage formed in the integral housing 33 that fluidly connects the first compartment 12 and the second compartment 24 .

[0079] Preferably, the first conduit 25 and the second conduit 29 are coupled to the first compartment 12 so as to be spaced apart from each other. Figure 17 , the first conduit 25 and the second conduit 29 are positioned on opposite sides of the first compartment 12. Furthermore, the first conduit 25 is positioned near the top of the first compartment 12, and the second conduit 29 is positioned adjacent the bottom of the first compartment 12. In this manner, free radical-laden air from one conduit is forced to travel through the first compartment 12 (and thereby come into contact with objects therein) and then be redirected back to the air ionizer 14 through the other conduit for further ionization.

[0080] Figures 17-26 The fan 22 of the embodiment is positioned between the second duct 29 and the air passage 26, and the fan 22 is also within the housing 33. Similar to the first embodiment, if the fan 22 is operating to direct and discharge free radicals from the second compartment 24 directly into the first compartment 12 (via the holes in the first duct 25 / ionizer cover 34), the presence of the air passage 26 allows air from the first compartment 12 to circulate back into the second compartment 24 for reuse. If the fan 22 is operating in the opposite direction, the air passage 26 allows the free radicals generated in the second compartment 24 to be directed and discharged into the first compartment 12 via the second duct 29. The air from the first compartment 12 can then enter the second compartment 24 via the holes in the first duct 25 / ionizer cover 34 for reuse.

[0081] The fan 22 may be located within the housing 33 adjacent to the exterior of the housing 33, wherein a fan opening is present in the housing 33 to allow access to the fan 22 from the exterior. Figures 17-26The embodiment shown in FIG may further include a fan cover 36 positioned above the fan 22. The fan cover 36 may be releasably secured to the housing 33 such that the fan 22 is accessible from the outside, such as for maintenance purposes.

[0082] Figures 17-26 The embodiment also includes a plurality of protrusions or projections 38 extending from the base of the first compartment 12 into the compartment. The projections 38 may be fixed to the first compartment 12 or may be integrally constructed with the housing 33. Figure 19 and Figure 26 As best seen in FIG, the depicted projections 38 have a cylindrical shape with a tapered top. In other applications, projections 38 may have other forms, such as rectangular, oval, or asymmetrical shapes. The presence of projections 38 on the base of first compartment 12 allows objects or at least portions of objects placed in first compartment 12 to be lifted off the ground and allow air to pass from below. In this way, when utilizing system 10, the bottom surfaces of those objects can come into contact with the free radicals within the first compartment, thereby allowing the bottom surfaces of those objects to also be disinfected.

[0083] Go to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 500 for disinfecting a surface of an object. The example method 500 can be performed, for example, using the disinfection system 100 described above.

[0084] At 502, an object to be sterilized is placed in a first compartment through a first opening sized to receive the object therethrough. The first compartment may be the first compartment 12 described above.

[0085] At 504, the first opening of the first compartment is sealed with a resealable lid, such as the first lid 16. The seal between the first compartment and the resealable lid does not need to be airtight. If the first compartment is a plastic box and the first lid is a corresponding plastic cover, the plastic cover can be snap-fitted over the first opening of the plastic box, wherein the plastic-to-plastic seal between the plastic box and the plastic cover is sufficient to reduce (if not eliminate) the escape of free radicals from the interior.

[0086] In alternative applications, the first compartment can be sealed with the first lid in different ways. For example, at 506, if the first lid 16 is weighted, the first lid 16 only has to be placed above the first opening of the first compartment 12, to produce a temporary seal therebetween. In a similar manner, if the first lid 16 and the first compartment 12 have the corresponding magnet or ferromagnetic components embedded, the first lid 16 also only has to be aligned with and placed above the first opening of the first compartment 12, to produce a temporary seal therebetween. The advantage of either situation is that the first lid 16 can be opened from the inside.

[0087] In other applications, if the air pressure inside the first compartment is higher than the ambient air pressure outside the first compartment, the first cover and / or the first compartment may have a more robust seal. Such a robust seal may involve a gasket to make the first compartment 12 airtight.

[0088] At 508, free radicals are generated using an air ionizer (such as a cold plasma emitter) and discharged into the first compartment. The free radicals may include hydroxyl radicals. The free radicals may be generated by the air ionizer at a rate of 400×10 6 molecules / cm 3 As described above, the reaction of free radicals with microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses) on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms. Free radicals can be generated and discharged into the first compartment in a variety of ways.

[0089] In one application, both the object to be disinfected and the air ionizer can be placed / positioned within a first compartment. The first compartment can have a volume of 150 L or less. At 510, free radicals can be generated from the air within the first compartment, which also houses the object to be disinfected. Optionally, at 512, the air / free radicals within the first compartment can be agitated to encourage a greater number of free radicals to react with microorganisms on the object surface.

[0090] In another application, the object to be sterilized can be placed in a first compartment, and the air ionizer can be positioned in a second compartment fluidically coupled to the first compartment. In such a case, at 514, free radicals can be generated in the second compartment, and at 516, the free radicals can be directed from the second compartment to the first compartment where the object to be sterilized is placed. A fan can be used to guide the free radicals from the second compartment to the first compartment. The fan can be positioned and fixed between the compartments.

[0091] For 510 to 516, free radicals can be generated so that the free radical concentration in the first compartment can be maintained at 300,000 to 25,000,000 molecules / cm 3 .

[0092] If the system comprises a second compartment, then optionally, the / another object to be disinfected may alternatively or additionally be placed in the second compartment.The free radicals generated in the second compartment may react with microorganisms on the surface of the object in the second compartment in the same manner as described above.

[0093] Likewise, if the system includes a second compartment, at 518, air from the first compartment can be circulated back to the second compartment for reuse. To this end, air from the first compartment can be directed back into the second compartment either directly via a conduit, or indirectly using an air channel. Thus, the method 500 can return to 514, where the recirculated air can be further ionized to generate additional free radicals, which can be directed from the second compartment into the first compartment at 516 to react with additional microorganisms on the surface of the object.

[0094] At 520, after a predetermined period of time, such as 5 minutes, the disinfected object can be removed from the first and / or second compartment. If additional objects require disinfection, the method 500 can return to 502, and the entire method can be performed again on the additional objects.

[0095] The system can be used to store children’s toys, and the first compartment can thus be configured and used as a toy box, for example in an environment where multiple children are using the same toys, such as in a daycare or kindergarten class. The system can also be used to disinfect other objects that are shared between individuals, including healthcare equipment in a healthcare setting, shared items in a dormitory, nursing home, or office space, and pet equipment, among others.

[0096] Embodiments of the present application are further described with reference to the following study, which is intended to be illustrative in nature and not limiting.

[0097] Case Study

[0098] Test parameters

[0099] For this study, bacteria were used. Bacteria were chosen because they are more difficult to destroy than viruses, and the membranes of viruses are more fragile. They are also safer to handle than viruses. The bacteria used were as follows:

[0100] Human strains

[0101] Lactobacillus casei HA-108

[0102] Bifidobacterium bifiduk HA-132

[0103] Lactobacillus rhamnosus HA-111

[0104] Lactobacillus rhamnosus HA-114

[0105] Lactobacillus acidophilus R0418

[0106] Bifidobacterium breve R0070

[0107] Bifidobacterium longum spp. infantis R0033

[0108] Bifidobacterium longum spp. longum R0175

[0109] Lactobacillus salivarius HA-118

[0110] Lactobacillus reuteri HA-188

[0111] Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Longum R0175

[0112] Common strain:

[0113] Lactobacillus Plantarum R1012

[0114] Dairy strain:

[0115] Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011

[0116] Lactobacillus rhamnosus R1039

[0117] Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196

[0118] Lactobacillus helveticus R0052

[0119] Lactobacillus casei R0215

[0120] Streptococcus salivarius spp. thermophilus R0083

[0121] Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus R9001

[0122] Lactobacillus helveticus R0052

[0123] Regarding Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus R0083, Streptococcus thermophilus is a powerful probiotic strain with well-researched health benefits. It is widely used in various probiotics, including those for children. This probiotic is commonly found in the colon and has many digestive, immune, and other well-researched health benefits. Streptococcus thermophilus is used to culture cheese and yogurt. This probiotic strain also produces lactase, which helps people digest milk more efficiently. Finally, the probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus also produces antibiotic chemicals to prevent infections such as pneumonia and Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and can help prevent ulcers.

[0124] Description of work plan

[0125] Bacteria were applied to different test surfaces, each made of a different material, namely: aluminum, plexiglass, fabric, vinyl, paint, wood, and neoprene (see Figure 6 ).

[0126] Phase 1: Use a disinfection system with a first (80 L) container and a second (24 L) container fluidly coupled together. Couple a cold plasma ionization emitter to the second container, secure a fan between the containers, and fluidly couple a hose to both containers to recirculate air between the containers. Place a first set of bacterially contaminated test surfaces in the first or bottom (80 L) container of the disinfection system, as shown in FIG. Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown in . Free radicals were generated and emitted in the second or top (24 L) container using a cold plasma ionization emitter for at least 5 minutes. The air / free radicals were directed to the first 80 L container containing the contaminated test surface. Air from the first 80 L container was recirculated back to the second 24 L container, where additional free radicals were generated and emitted and directed back to the first 80 L container, and so on. A sample swab of each test surface was obtained after each minute of engagement of the cold plasma ionization emitter.

[0127] Phase 2: Use the same disinfection system as in Phase 1. Place the second set of bacterially contaminated test surfaces in the second or top (24 L) container of the disinfection system, such as Figure 10-11 The cold plasma ionization emitter was used to generate and emit free radicals in the second or top (24 L) vessel for at least 5 minutes. A sample swab of each test surface was obtained after each minute of engagement of the cold plasma ionization emitter.

[0128] Stage 3: Use of the sterilization system with only the first (80L) vessel. The cold plasma ionization emitter is coupled to and within the first vessel and a fan is affixed to the cold plasma ionization emitter to agitate the air within the first vessel, as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 12-16 The third set of bacteria-contaminated test surfaces are placed in the first (80L) vessel of the sterilization system. Free radicals are generated and discharged within the first 80L vessel via the cold plasma ionization emitter for at least 5 minutes. The concentration of free radicals generated within the vessel is maintained in the range of 300,000 to 25,000,000 molecules / cm 3 The fan is engaged to agitate the air within the first 80L vessel. A sample swab of each test surface is taken after each minute that the cold plasma ionization emitter is engaged.

[0129] A) Bacteria - MICRO-SOP-202 Method

[0130] The sample is collected from each test surface with a swab and then analyzed.

[0131] More specifically, samples are collected from surfaces suspected of being contaminated with microorganisms using sterile swabs according to the following protocol. It is important to change gloves between each sampling to avoid cross-contamination from the previous sampler. Sterile procedures are used to facilitate sterility.

[0132] Swabbing:

[0133] 1. Obtain a sterile 1 mL Butterfield’s Solution swab to collect and transport the sample.

[0134] 2. Put on gloves and remove the swab from the packaging material.

[0135] 3. Remove the plug from the culture medium tube.

[0136] 4. Thoroughly swab the desired area (100 cm 2 ), rolling the swab back and forth lightly over the sampled area.

[0137] 5. Insert the swab into the tube, securely close the lid, and label appropriately.

[0138] 6. For quantitative culture reporting, the area swabbed needs to be entered on the regulatory chain.

[0139] Method Description

[0140] This standard operating procedure is used to identify and quantify fungi to the genus level, occasionally to the species level.

[0141] Results are reported as follows: for air samples collected on agar plates, such as Andersen plates or RCS Biotest strips, in cm2 CFU per swab unless a swab area is specified; CFU per gram for bulk samples; CFU per sample for contact plates and glove fingertips; and CFU per mL for liquid / water samples.

[0142] Applicable matrices: Air, swab, water, bulk (liquid and solid), contact plate (RODAC) and glove tip.

[0143] Test Method

[0144] Suspensions and dilutions are prepared from swabs, bulk samples, and liquid / water samples and incubated on agar plates.

[0145] Table 1: Typical growing conditions

[0146]

[0147] Sample Collection, Storage, Transport, and Storage: Collect samples in sterile sampling containers and transport them in a cooler with ice packs. It is recommended that customers send samples to the laboratory within 24 hours (overnight delivery), or samples need to be kept in a refrigerator until they can be shipped. Samples should be kept for no longer than 2 days before being shipped to the laboratory or prepared. After the laboratory receives the sample, the sample may be stored at room temperature for no longer than 6 hours before preparation. If preparation cannot be performed within 6 hours, the sample should be refrigerated.

[0148] Limit of Detection: Also reported as analytical sensitivity or limit of detection (LOD), the limit of detection is equal to 1 colony forming unit (CFU) per plated dilution. As a general rule, perform 3 dilutions (100X, 1,000X, and 10,000X) of customer samples unless otherwise warranted by the sample. For USP <797> For samples, only 10X and 100X dilutions need to be plated. The lowest dilution plated is used to calculate the reported LOD. For example, if a sample is diluted 10-fold, 100-fold, and 1,000-fold, the limit of detection will be the lowest dilution in the series. In this case, it is 10, so LD = 10 CFU / sample. For customers submitting agar plates, the LOD is 1 CFU per plate.

[0149] Calibration and Standardization: All incubators, water baths and analytical scales are inspected and maintained according to ISO standards

[0150] Sample Analysis – Interpretation and Calculation: After incubation, count any bacterial colonies on each agar dilution plate. Identify any growth by microscopic identification using tease mounts or cellophane tape mounts with stain or oil, using appropriate literature and identification manuals.

[0151] The final result reported depends on the dilution factor used. Final results are read on day 5. However, a preliminary count is performed on day 3. If no bacterial colonies are found on day 7, they are reported as "less than" the lowest LOD. If plates cannot be counted at the end of the incubation period, they are stored by refrigerating in a sealable container for no more than one week for later counting.

[0152] Quality Control: All QC data are maintained and readily available for reference and review. All analysts receive documented training and complete the Fungal Culture Training Checklist. Each laboratory adheres to the quality control and quality assurance procedures described in the laboratory's QMS manual. Agar media quality control is performed by the manufacturer as well as in-house. Manufacturer's quality control batches, as well as internal sterility and positive / negative reaction controls, are documented. The laboratory performs quality control on batches of in-house produced lactophenol blue or lacto-fuchsin stains. Quality control organisms are routinely cultured and used as both positive and negative controls and as identification aids. The microscope used in this analysis is maintained in accordance with MICRO-SOP-05 Microscope Use.

[0153] Blank: Generate a blank daily for swabs or bulk samples; see Culture Blank Log Inter: Perform a 5% inter-reanalysis of customer samples; see MICRO-SOP-16 Intra: Perform a 5% internal reanalysis; see MICRO-SOP-16 Standard: Any standard fungal culture maintained in accordance with MICRO-SOP-202-3.

[0154] Reference values ​​for bacterial counts

[0155] 00 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 10,000 UFC / 100cm 2 = Very low

[0156] 10 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 20,000 UFC / 100cm 2 =Low

[0157] 20 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 50,000 UFC / 100cm 2 =Medium

[0158] 50 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 100,000 UFC / 100cm 2 =High

[0159] 100 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 200,000 UFC / 100cm 2 = Very high

[0160] 200 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 500,000 UFC / 100cm 2 = Very very high

[0161] 500 000UFC / 100cm 2 Up to 2,000,000 UFC / 100cm 2 = Very high

[0162] Standards and Analysis

[0163] Bacterial samples were analyzed by the Laboratory of Microbiology in Quebec City, Qc, Canada, which brings together more than 10 expert laboratories in Quebec and Ontario.

[0164] All collected samples were analyzed in the laboratory and approved by microbiologists specializing in microbiology. All sampling methods complied with the standards and regulations of the Quebec Health and Safety Research Institute (IRSST) and the regulations of the Standards, Equity, Health and Safety at Work Commission (Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la Santé et de la sécurité au Travail, CNESST). Laboratory sample management was carried out by biotechnologists, microbiologists, and chemists, each of whom focused on the cutting-edge of their respective disciplines.

[0165] All analytical laboratory procedures are accredited or certified according to ISO / IEC 17025. Various laboratory analytical methods conform to international standards recognized by NIOSH, ACGIH, OSHA, ASTM, AOAC, FDA, BAM, CTFA, USP, APHA, ASM, and EPA, the US Environmental Protection Agency.

[0166] Our internal quality assurance and quality control (QA / QC) laboratory program is also compliant with ISO 17025. Our laboratory analytical work also complies with CMHC standards and Health Canada.

[0167] result

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] Based on the above results, the present system, method and use of sanitizing a surface of an object with free radicals was found to effectively kill bacteria on the given test surfaces and had an effect in destroying surface contaminants. Each configuration achieved over 90% reduction in bacteria on all surfaces after running the system for 5 minutes.

[0172] As described above, the concentration of free radicals generated within the container is maintained at 300,000 to 25,000,000 molecules / cm 3 The concentration of free radicals was found to be effective in reducing bacteria on all surfaces within the above range. Higher concentration levels would increase efficacy, but with diminishing returns. Lower concentration levels would also work, but can require longer dwell times to make up for the lower dosage.

[0173] Although the present disclosure describes methods and processes with operations (e.g., steps) in a particular order, one or more operations of the methods and processes can be omitted or changed, as appropriate, and the methods and processes can be performed in an order other than that which is described.

[0174] All values and subranges within the disclosed ranges are also disclosed. In addition, although the systems, devices, and processes disclosed and shown herein can comprise particular numbers of elements / components, the systems, devices, and components can be modified to include additional or fewer such elements / components. For example, although any of the elements / components disclosed can be referred to in the singular, the embodiments disclosed herein can be modified to include a plurality of such elements / components. The subject matter described herein is intended to encompass and survive all suitable variations in the technology.

[0175] The disclosure can take other specific forms without departing from the subject matter of the claims. The described exemplary implementations are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Selected features from one or more of the above-described embodiments can be combined to create alternative embodiments that are not explicitly described, and the features of such combinations are to be understood as being within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A system for disinfecting a surface of an object, the system comprising: a first compartment having a first opening and having a first lid, the first opening being sized to receive the object therethrough, the first lid being sized to cover the first opening, the first lid being configured to be resealable over the first opening of the first compartment; and an air ionizer coupled to the first compartment to generate free radicals for discharge into the first compartment, The reaction of the free radicals with the microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the air ionizer is a cold plasma emitter.

3. The system of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the free radicals comprise hydroxyl radicals. 4 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fan coupled to the first compartment, the fan configured to agitate air within the first compartment.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air ionizer is configured to generate an ion stream at a rate of at least 400×10 6 molecules / cm 3 The rate at which free radicals are produced.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first compartment has a volume of 150 L or less.

7. The system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the air ionizer is positioned within the first compartment to generate the free radicals from air within the first compartment.

8. The system of any one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising a second compartment in fluid communication with the first compartment, wherein the fan is positioned between the first compartment and the second compartment to direct air from one compartment to the other compartment.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the air ionizer is fixed to the second compartment to generate the free radicals therein, and the fan is positioned between the first compartment and the second compartment to exhaust the free radicals from the second compartment into the first compartment.

10. The system of claim 8 or 9, further comprising an air channel, one end of the air channel being fluidly coupled to the first compartment and an opposite end of the air channel being fluidly coupled to the second compartment.

11. The system of any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising a second opening positioned in the second compartment and a second cover sized to cover the second opening, the second cover being configured to be resealable over the second opening of the second compartment.

12. The system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first compartment is a toy box for storing children's toys.

13. A method for disinfecting a surface of an object, the method comprising: placing the object in the first compartment through a first opening sized to receive the object therethrough; sealing the first opening of the first compartment with a resealable lid; as well as generating free radicals with an air ionizer and emitting the free radicals into the first compartment, The reaction of the free radicals with the microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the air ionizer is a cold plasma emitter.

15. The method of any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein the free radicals comprise hydroxyl radicals.

16. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising maintaining a free radical concentration within the first compartment at 300,000 to 25,000,000 molecules / cm 3 Inside.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the free radical concentration is maintained within the first compartment for at least 5 minutes.

18. The method of any one of claims 13 to 17, further comprising agitating the air within the first compartment with a fan.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the first compartment has a volume of 80 L or less.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein generating and emitting the free radicals comprises: generating the free radicals in a second compartment in fluid communication with the first compartment, and The free radicals are directed from the second compartment into the first compartment using the fan.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising circulating air from the first compartment to the second compartment.

22. Use of free radicals for disinfecting the surface of an object, the use comprising: generating and emitting said free radicals into a sealed compartment containing said object, said compartment having a resealable lid, The reaction of the free radicals with the microorganisms on the surface of the object inactivates the microorganisms.

23. The use according to claim 22, for sterilizing medical equipment.

24. The use according to claim 22 for disinfecting shared objects used in shared spaces.

25. The use according to claim 22 for disinfecting pet equipment.

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