Smart ring

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of smart wearable technology, and particularly to a smart ring. The smart ring includes an outer shell and an inner shell, which are connected and enclose a ring-shaped cavity. The ring-shaped cavity contains a circuit module and a functional module. The circuit module includes a battery and a circuit board, which are disposed within the ring-shaped cavity and arranged along the circumferential direction of the smart ring. The functional module includes a photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module and a phonocardiogram (PCO) acquisition module, both mounted on the circuit board and corresponding to the battery along the diameter of the smart ring. The smart ring has a wearing state. In this state, the PPG acquisition module acquires pulse wave signals, and the PCO acquisition module acquires heart sound signals. The main objective of this invention is to provide a smart ring designed to acquire the user's physiological characteristic information.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent wear, in particular to an intelligent ring. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a new emerging miniaturized wearable device, the core function of the intelligent ring is to provide convenient and continuous health monitoring and digital lifestyle access for users. By integrating miniature sensors such as optical heart rate sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, and low-power wireless communication modules such as Bluetooth, the intelligent ring can track key physiological indicators such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, skin temperature, step count, calorie consumption, and sleep quality in all-weather and non-invasive manner. At the same time, the intelligent ring often has interactive functions such as gesture recognition, NFC payment, and notification reminders, and becomes an important hub connecting individual health data and smart life scenarios of users.

[0003] Heart health monitoring is one of the core needs of user health management. In addition to basic indicators such as heart rate and blood oxygen, heart sound signals, as key physiological signals reflecting heart valve activity, hemodynamic state, and myocardial contraction function, have irreplaceable diagnostic reference value for early detection of potential health problems such as heart valve lesions, arrhythmia-related complications, and abnormal heart function. However, most wearable devices including the intelligent ring currently lack heart sound signal acquisition capability due to hardware layout design and functional module planning. On the one hand, traditional wrist-worn devices such as smart watches and bracelets are far away from the heart and are easily disturbed by arm movements, so it is difficult to obtain stable and clear original heart sound signals even if they try to integrate heart sound collection functions. On the other hand, although the existing intelligent ring has unique convenience in heart rate and blood oxygen signal collection due to its small size, rich blood vessels at the wearing position (finger tip), and relatively fixed wearing position, it significantly reduces the user's wearing burden, improves long-term wearing compliance, and closely adheres to the skin to reduce motion artifacts and environmental interference. However, in the functional module planning, it still does not design for heart sound signal acquisition, which makes it difficult to achieve multi-dimensional and deep monitoring of heart health and meet the user's demand for accurate assessment of heart function status. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an intelligent ring which aims to obtain physiological characteristic information of a user.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the intelligent ring comprises:

[0006] a circuit module comprising a battery and a circuit board, the battery and the circuit board being arranged in the annular accommodating cavity and arranged along the circumferential direction of the intelligent ring; and

[0007] The functional module includes a photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module and a phonocardiogram (PTC) acquisition module. The PPG acquisition module and the PTC acquisition module are mounted on the circuit board and are both arranged corresponding to the battery along the diameter of the smart ring.

[0008] The smart ring has a wearing state. In the wearing state, the photoplethysmography (PPG) pulse wave acquisition module is used to acquire pulse wave signals, and the phonocardiogram (PCA) acquisition module is used to acquire heart sound signals.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner peripheral wall of the inner shell is provided with two fingertip squeezing portions, which are symmetrically arranged along the first diameter of the smart ring and located on both sides of the second diameter of the smart ring, respectively, along with the battery. Each fingertip squeezing portion is connected to the annular receiving cavity, and the two fingertip squeezing portions and the inner peripheral wall of the inner shell form a fingertip detection groove. The photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module includes a transmission lamp group and a photoelectric sensor, which are respectively located in one of the fingertip squeezing portions and are arranged close to the fingertip detection groove.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fingertip detection groove includes a flat section and arc-shaped sections located at both ends of the flat section, the arc-shaped sections connecting the light-transmitting surface of the fingertip squeezing part and the flat section.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the light-transmitting surface of each of the fingertip squeezing portions is arranged facing the center of the smart ring; the light-emitting surface of the transmissive lamp group and the light-sensing surface of the photoelectric sensor are close to the light-transmitting surface.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module further includes a reflective lamp group and a green lamp group. Both the reflective lamp group and the green lamp group are located close to the photoelectric sensor. The reflective lamp group is located on the circuit board corresponding to the flat section, and the green lamp group is located on the circuit board corresponding to the arc section.

[0013] The smart ring has a wearing state, in which the reflective light group, the green light group, and the photoelectric sensor are all located on the same side of the fingertip.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board is provided with a first charging post and a second charging post, the first charging post and the second charging post being located at both ends of the flat section, the first charging post being disposed close to the photoelectric sensor, and the reflective lamp group and the green light group being located on both sides of the first charging post.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pressure-sensitive sensor is further provided on the side of the circuit board facing the outer shell. The pressure-sensitive sensor is located between the second charging post and the reflective lamp group along the circumferential direction of the smart ring and is positioned directly opposite the flat section.

[0016] The pressure-sensitive sensor is configured to control the phonocardiogram acquisition module to acquire heart sound information.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the phonocardiogram acquisition module is located on the side of the circuit board facing the outer shell, and the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module is located on the side of the circuit board facing the inner shell.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board further includes an antenna, which is disposed at one end of the circuit board near the battery; the antenna is located in the middle of the smart ring in a vertical direction.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board is provided with a plurality of first positioning portions, and the inner wall of the annular receiving cavity is provided with a second positioning portion adapted to the first positioning portions, wherein the first positioning portions are inserted into and cooperate with the second positioning portions.

[0020] In this technical solution, the optimized layout of the internal structure and functional modules of the smart ring yields several significant technical benefits: From a space utilization perspective, the annular cavity enclosed by the outer and inner shells provides compact installation space for the circuit modules and functional modules. The circumferential arrangement of the battery and circuit board fully adapts to the narrow space of the ring's annular structure, achieving efficient integration of miniaturized hardware and meeting the core form requirement of a compact smart ring. From a wearing experience perspective, the functional modules formed by the photoplethysmography (PPG) and phonocardiography (HCG) acquisition modules are aligned with the battery along the diameter of the smart ring, balancing the overall weight distribution and avoiding discomfort caused by concentrated weight in certain areas. Combined with the ring's fixed position and natural skin-fitting properties, this enhances user compliance with long-term wear, providing comfortable all-day wear. This lays the foundation for monitoring. From a signal quality perspective, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module and the phonocardiogram (PCC) acquisition module are located on the circuit board with a reasonable layout, allowing them to be closer to the skin surface and reducing motion artifacts and signal attenuation caused by loosening. At the same time, the diameter-oriented arrangement reduces electromagnetic interference from the battery to the sensor, ensuring the stability and integrity of the original physiological signals such as pulse waves and heart sounds. In terms of monitoring capabilities, the collaborative acquisition of PPG signals used for heart rate and blood oxygen detection and PCC signals used to reflect cardiac function enables the fusion analysis of multi-dimensional physiological parameters. Through cross-validation of different physiological signals, detection accuracy is improved, health monitoring dimensions are enriched, and the hardware advantages of the smart ring in health monitoring are fully utilized, ultimately achieving more accurate, comprehensive, and continuous acquisition of the user's physiological information characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structural layout of an embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an embodiment of the smart ring provided by the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0026] 100. Smart ring; 10. Housing; 11. Finger pad squeezing part; 11a. Finger pad detection groove; 11a1. Flat section; 11a2. Arc-shaped section; 20. Circuit module; 21. Battery; 22. Circuit board; 221. First charging column; 222. Second charging column; 223. Pressure-sensitive sensor; 30. Photoplethysmography pulse wave acquisition module; 31. Transmittance lamp group; 32. Photoelectric sensor; 33. Reflection lamp group; 34. Green light group; 40. Metal terminal.

[0027] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0030] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of a person skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0031] To achieve the above objectives, this technical solution proposes a smart ring 100. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The smart ring 100 includes an outer shell and an inner shell, which are connected and enclose to form an annular cavity. The annular cavity contains a circuit module 20 and a functional module. The circuit module 20 includes a battery 21 and a circuit board 22, which are located in the annular cavity and arranged along the circumferential direction of the smart ring. The functional module includes a photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 and a phonocardiogram (PCO) acquisition module, which are located on the circuit board 22 and are arranged corresponding to the battery 21 along the diameter of the smart ring. The smart ring has a wearing state. In the wearing state, the PPG acquisition module is used to acquire pulse wave signals, and the PCO acquisition module is used to acquire heart sound signals.

[0032] In this technical solution, the optimized layout of the internal structure and functional modules of the smart ring 100 yields several significant technical benefits: From a space utilization perspective, the annular cavity enclosed by the outer and inner shells provides compact installation space for the circuit module 20 and functional modules. The circumferential arrangement of the battery 21 and circuit board 22 fully adapts to the narrow space of the ring's annular structure, achieving efficient integration of miniaturized hardware and meeting the core form requirement of the smart ring 100's compact size. From a wearing experience perspective, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 and the phonocardiogram (HCG) acquisition module are positioned corresponding to the battery 21 along the diameter of the smart ring, balancing the overall weight distribution and avoiding discomfort caused by concentrated local weight. Combined with the ring's fixed wearing position and natural skin-fitting advantage, this enhances user compliance with long-term wear, laying the foundation for all-weather monitoring. From a signal quality perspective, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 and the phonocardiogram (PCG) acquisition module are located on the circuit board 22 and their positions are reasonably arranged, allowing them to be closer to the skin surface and reducing motion artifacts and signal attenuation caused by loosening of the device. At the same time, the diameter-oriented arrangement can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the battery 21 on the sensor, ensuring the stability and integrity of the original physiological signals such as pulse waves and heart sounds. In terms of monitoring capabilities, the coordinated acquisition of PPG signals used for heart rate and blood oxygen detection and PCG signals used to reflect cardiac function can achieve multi-dimensional physiological parameter fusion analysis. Through cross-validation of different physiological signals, the detection accuracy is improved, and the comprehensive coverage from cardiovascular function to basic vital signs enriches the dimensions of health monitoring. This fully leverages the hardware advantages of the smart ring 100 in health monitoring, ultimately achieving more accurate, comprehensive, and continuous acquisition of the user's physiological information characteristics.

[0033] In one embodiment, the outer shell can be made of stainless steel, and the inner shell is made of medical-grade silicone with good overall flexibility. The area in contact with the fingers is made of transparent material, ensuring wearing comfort without affecting light transmission and signal transmission. The outer and inner shells can be assembled by bonding, snap-fitting, screwing, etc., thereby ensuring the sealing and firmness of the annular cavity and preventing dust and moisture from entering and affecting the operation of internal components. The diameter of the annular cavity varies depending on the ring size, generally between 15-22mm, and the radial width is 3-5mm, providing ample installation space for the internal circuit module 20 and functional modules. In this invention, the circumferential direction of the smart ring refers to the direction along the annular path of the smart ring. The battery 21 and circuit board 22 are arranged along this direction, making full use of the space of the annular cavity, avoiding waste, and making the ring structure more compact.

[0034] Battery 21 can be a miniaturized lithium-ion battery, with its capacity designed according to the ring's power consumption. Its shape is arc-shaped to better fit the circumferential arrangement of the annular cavity. Circuit board 22 consists of a flexible circuit board 22 and a rigid circuit board 22. The flexible circuit board 22 connects the two rigid circuit boards 22. The flexible circuit board 22 can be bent into an arc shape that matches the annular cavity, facilitating installation and wiring. The rigid circuit board 22 can support the electronic components of the functional module and achieve fixed positioning.

[0035] The photoplethysmography (PPG) pulse wave acquisition module 30 operates based on PPG recording. It utilizes the absorption and reflection characteristics of light in human tissues. When light shines on the skin, some is absorbed by the blood and some is reflected. As the blood flow changes with the heartbeat, the intensity of reflected or transmitted light also changes. By detecting this change, the pulse wave signal can be acquired, and physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation can be calculated. The phonocardiogram (PCG) acquisition module detects the sound signals generated by the heartbeat through a built-in miniature microphone or piezoelectric sensor. Heart sounds are the sounds produced by the mechanical vibrations caused by the opening and closing of valves and blood flow during the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Analyzing the heart sound signals can provide information about the functional state of the heart.

[0036] In this embodiment, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 and the phonocardiogram (PTC) acquisition module are arranged in a corresponding manner to the battery 21 along the diameter of the smart ring. This arrangement can make the weight distribution of the ring more uniform, reduce wearing discomfort, and at the same time reduce the electromagnetic interference of the battery 21 to the two modules. This is because the battery 21 generates a certain electromagnetic field when it is working. By maintaining a certain distance from the modules and distributing it along the diameter, the influence of the electromagnetic field on the module detection signal can be reduced, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0037] Further, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The inner wall of the smart ring 100 has two fingertip squeezing portions 11 protruding from its inner shell. The two fingertip squeezing portions 11 are symmetrically arranged along the first diameter of the smart ring 100 and are located on both sides of the second diameter of the smart ring 100, respectively, along with the battery 21. Each fingertip squeezing portion 11 is connected to an annular receiving cavity. The two fingertip squeezing portions 11 and the inner wall of the inner shell form a fingertip detection groove 11a. The photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 includes a transmission lamp group 31 and a photoelectric sensor 32. The transmission lamp group 31 and the photoelectric sensor 32 are respectively located in a fingertip squeezing portion 11 and are arranged close to the fingertip detection groove 11a. Specifically, the two fingertip squeezing portions 11 protruding from the inner wall of the inner shell are made of the same light-transmitting material as the inner shell. The fingertip squeezing portions 11 and the inner shell of the smart ring 100 are integrated into a single structure through injection molding, thereby improving the user's comfort when wearing the smart ring 100 proposed in this invention.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first diameter and the second diameter of the smart ring 100 are two mutually perpendicular diameters, combined withFigure 1 and Figure 3 Two fingertip squeezing portions 11 are located on either side of the first diameter, and the battery 21 and the two fingertip squeezing portions 11 are located on either side of the second diameter. This arrangement allows the fingertip squeezing portions 11 and the battery 21 to be spatially offset from each other, avoiding interference. The fingertip squeezing portion 11 connects to the annular receiving cavity, allowing the transmission lamp group 31 and the photoelectric sensor 32 to transmit light signals to the fingertip. The transmission lamp group 31 includes an infrared LED and a red LED. The wavelength of the infrared LED is generally between 900-1000nm, and the wavelength of the red LED is between 600-700nm. These two wavelengths of light have different penetration depths in human tissue and different absorption characteristics in blood. Using them together can improve the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation detection. The photoelectric sensor 32 uses a high-sensitivity photodiode or phototransistor, which can detect changes in weak light signals. The transmission lamp group 31 and the photoelectric sensor 32 are each located within a fingertip squeezing portion 11 and are positioned close to the fingertip detection groove 11a, which improves detection accuracy.

[0039] When the smart ring is worn, the two symmetrically arranged fingertip squeezing parts 11 can slightly squeeze the sides of the fingertip, so that the middle part of the fingertip is squeezed into the fingertip detection groove 11a. Specifically, the fingertip squeezing parts 11 can slightly squeeze the sides of the fingertip, making the blood and tissue in the fingertip detection groove 11a more abundant, increasing the opportunity for light to interact with the blood. This makes the changes in absorption and reflection of the light emitted by the transmission lamp group 31 more obvious when it passes through the fingertip tissue. The photoelectric sensor 32 can detect a clearer signal, improving detection sensitivity. Secondly, the transmission module and the photoelectric sensor 32 are located on both sides of the fingertip to form a transmission detection method. Because the light is received after passing through the fingertip tissue, the changes in blood absorption of light are more significant during the transmission process, which is conducive to accurately detecting parameters such as pulse wave and blood oxygen saturation. In addition, the fingertip detection groove 11a can restrict the position of the fingertip, making it less likely to shift when worn. This ensures that the light from the transmission lamp group 31 stably illuminates the same area of ​​the fingertip, and the photoelectric sensor 32 also stably receives the light, reducing signal fluctuations caused by position changes and improving detection stability and repeatability.

[0040] The fingertip squeezing part 11 can be integrated with the inner shell of the smart ring through injection molding. In this way, the connection between the fingertip squeezing part 11 and the smart ring is seamless, thus ensuring the waterproof and dustproof performance of the smart ring. Furthermore, the fingertip squeezing part 11 is made of the same soft material as the inner shell. This reduces the difficulty of the injection molding process and ensures that when the user wears the smart ring, the fingertip squeezing part 11 and the inner shell will not have different tactile sensations due to different materials, thus avoiding the feeling of foreign objects.

[0041] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3The smart ring 100's fingertip detection groove 11a includes a flat section 11a1 and arc-shaped sections 11a2 located at both ends of the flat section 11a1. The arc-shaped sections 11a2 connect the light-transmitting surface of the fingertip squeezing part 11 and the flat section 11a1, and their surfaces are finely polished to maintain a smooth surface. The flat section 11a1 is designed to fit snugly against the flat part of the fingertip. When the ring is worn, the middle part of the fingertip is relatively flat, and contact with the flat section 11a1 ensures the stability of the fingertip during the detection process, reducing light leakage or signal interference caused by the gap between the fingertip and the fingertip detection groove 11a. The arc design of the arc-shaped section 11a2 matches the contour of the fingertip, allowing for a smooth connection between the light-transmitting surface of the fingertip squeezing part 11 and the flat section 11a1. Furthermore, this arc-shaped transition avoids sharp edges at the joint, preventing pressure or discomfort on the fingertip during wear and improving wearing comfort. On the other hand, it guides the light propagation path. After the light emitted by the transmission lamp group 31 is emitted from the light-transmitting surface, it can enter the fingertip tissue more smoothly through the arc-shaped section 11a2, reducing the reflection and scattering loss of light at the joint and allowing more light to act on the blood and tissue in the fingertip. It also facilitates the photoelectric sensor 32 to receive the light after passing through the fingertip tissue, improving the light signal transmission efficiency and thus improving the detection accuracy.

[0042] Further, please refer to Figure 3 The light-transmitting surface of each fingertip squeezing part 11 of the smart ring 100 is arranged at an angle, facing the center of the smart ring 100. The light-emitting surface of the transmission lamp group 31 and the light-sensing surface of the photoelectric sensor 32 are close to the light-transmitting surface. The light-transmitting surface of the fingertip squeezing part 11 is made of a high-transmittance material, such as polycarbonate or acrylic, with a transmittance of over 90%, ensuring smooth light transmission. The angled arrangement of the light-transmitting surface facing the center of the smart ring 100 allows the light emitted by the transmission lamp group 31 to illuminate the fingertip tissue at a more optimal angle. Because the central area of ​​the fingertip has a rich distribution of blood vessels, light illuminating the center allows more light to penetrate the densely blood-vessel area, making the absorption and reflection of light by the blood more obvious and improving signal quality. At the same time, the angled arrangement reduces the reflection loss of light at the interface between the light-transmitting surface and the air. According to optical principles, when light is incident at a certain angle on the interface of different media, the reflectivity changes with the incident angle. An appropriate tilt angle can reduce the reflectivity and increase the amount of light transmitted. The light-emitting surface of the transmission lamp group 31 and the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric sensor 32 are close to the light-transmitting surface, which can reduce the propagation loss of light inside the fingertip squeezing part 11, so that the light emitted by the transmission lamp group 31 can reach the fingertip through the light-transmitting surface to the maximum extent. At the same time, the photoelectric sensor 32 can receive the light reflected or transmitted through the fingertip at a closer distance, improve the light signal reception efficiency, and enhance the strength and stability of the detection signal.

[0043] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 of the smart ring 100 also includes a reflective light group 33 and a green light group 34. Both reflective light group 33 and green light group 34 are located close to the photoelectric sensor 32. The reflective light group 33 is located on the flat section 11a1 of the circuit board 22, and the green light group 34 is located on the arc section 11a2 of the circuit board 22. The reflective light group 33 also includes infrared LEDs and red LEDs with wavelengths similar to those of the transmission light group 31, between 900-1000nm and 600-700nm respectively. The green light group 34 uses green LEDs with a wavelength of 520-570nm. Both reflective light group 33 and green light group 34 are located close to the photoelectric sensor 32. This layout facilitates reflective detection, that is, light emitted from the light group shines on the fingertip tissue and is received by the nearby photoelectric sensor 32 after reflection.

[0044] Among them, the reflective lamp group 33 is located on the circuit board 22 at the position corresponding to the flat section 11a1. Since the flat section 11a1 has a close and stable contact with the fingertip, the light emitted by the reflective lamp group 33 is reflected by the flat contact surface, resulting in a more stable signal. This is beneficial to improving the accuracy of reflective detection and can assist in transmissive detection, calibrating and verifying the detection results, thereby improving the overall reliability of the detection. The green light group 34 is located on the circuit board 22 at the position corresponding to the arc-shaped section 11a2. The arc-shaped section 11a2 has a certain curvature when in contact with the fingertip. The green light has a shorter wavelength and a shallower penetration depth, mainly acting on the capillaries of the skin surface. In the arc-shaped area, the green light can be better reflected by the superficial blood vessels, which is suitable for detecting changes in superficial blood flow. Especially in motion, changes in superficial blood flow are more obvious, and the green light group 34 can provide a more sensitive signal. When worn, the reflective light group 33, the green light group 34, and the photoelectric sensor 32 are all located on the same side of the fingertip, forming a reflective detection mode. This, combined with the transmissive mode formed by the transmissive light group 31 and the photoelectric sensor 32, can adapt to different wearing scenarios and physiological states. For example, when the finger is moving or the ring is not worn tightly, the reflective mode may obtain a more stable signal, while when the ring is static and worn tightly, the transmissive mode is more effective. The combination of the two modes can improve the ring's detection adaptability and accuracy in various situations.

[0045] When a user wears the smart ring 100, the two fingertip squeezing portions 11 of the smart ring 100 face the center of the smart ring 100, thus squeezing the sides of the fingertip. On each side of the fingertip is a radial palmar digital artery and an ulnar palmar digital artery. The radial palmar digital artery is a branch of the radial artery in the finger, and the ulnar palmar digital artery is also a branch of the radial artery in the finger. The radial palmar digital artery is closer to the thumb, and the ulnar palmar digital artery is closer to the little finger. In a detection scenario, with... Figure 3 Taking the two fingertip squeezing parts 11 shown as an example, Figure 3The left fingertip squeezing part 11 contains red and infrared light from a transmission lamp group, while the right fingertip squeezing part 11 contains a photoelectric sensor. When the user wears the smart ring, the transmission lamp group in the left fingertip squeezing part 11 can get closer to the radial palmar digital artery, and the photoelectric sensor 32 in the right fingertip squeezing part 11 can get closer to the ulnar palmar digital artery. Simultaneously, because the two fingertip squeezing parts 11 can squeeze the finger, the sides of the fingertip can enter the fingertip detection groove 11a, corresponding to the flat section 1 in the fingertip detection groove 11a. The reflective lamp group 33 of 1a1 is closer to the ulnar digital and palmar proper artery. The green light group 34 of the arc segment 11a2 in the fingertip detection groove 11a can detect peripheral tissues near the ulnar digital and palmar proper artery, such as capillaries and superficial skin vessels. In this way, the red light and infrared light of the transmission lamp group 31 and the reflective lamp group 33 can penetrate deep into the tissue where the artery is located due to their deep tissue penetration. The changes in light intensity caused by blood flow can be efficiently captured, providing a stable data source for core parameters such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Meanwhile, the squeezing action of the fingertip squeezing part 11 causes the two sides of the fingertip to naturally embed into the fingertip detection groove 11a, which not only reduces the air gap between the skin and the sensor to reduce light scattering, but also makes the blood vessels more congested due to moderate pressure, further amplifying the dynamic changes of blood flow signals. On this basis, the reflective lamp group 33 corresponding to the flat section 11a1 in the fingertip detection groove 11a is closer to the ulnar digital palmar proper artery, and supplements the signal fluctuations that may exist in the transmission mode through reflective detection. The green light group corresponding to the arc-shaped section 11a2 uses the characteristics of green light to penetrate shallow and be sensitive to superficial blood vessels to accurately detect capillaries and superficial blood vessels near the ulnar artery and capture microcirculation blood flow information. This design, which combines dual-arterial targeted detection and peripheral microcirculation layered sensing, utilizes the physical properties of light of different wavelengths to adapt to vascular tissues of different depths. It also optimizes the signal acquisition environment through structural compression, ultimately achieving the fusion acquisition of multi-dimensional physiological information from macroscopic arterial pulsation to microscopic peripheral circulation. This significantly improves the data accuracy and information richness of the smart ring in health monitoring.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2The circuit board 22 of the smart ring 100 is equipped with a first charging post 221 and a second charging post 222, which are located at both ends of the flat section 11a1. The first charging post 221 is positioned close to the photoelectric sensor 32, and the reflective lamp group 33 and the green light group 34 are located on both sides of the first charging post 221. Specifically, the first charging post 221 and the second charging post 222 are made of a metal material with good conductivity, such as copper or gold-plated alloy, for contacting the external charging box to charge the battery 21. The first charging post 221 and the second charging post 222 are located at both ends of the flat section 11a1. This positioning will not affect the normal detection function of the fingertip detection groove 11a. At the same time, the distance between them is as long as possible to avoid heat concentration and facilitate heat dissipation of the smart ring 100 when it is charging. The first charging post 221 is positioned close to the photoelectric sensor 32. The reflective lamp group 33 and the green light group 34 are located on both sides of the first charging post 221. Meanwhile, the green light group 34 is closer to the photoelectric sensor 32 than the reflective lamp group 33. The wavelength of green light is shorter than that of red / infrared light, so the depth of green light penetration into the skin tissue is shallower. It mainly acts on the capillaries in the skin surface, and its signal changes are more correlated with the pulsation of superficial blood flow. By positioning the green light group 34 close to the photoelectric sensor 32, the scattering and attenuation of green light during propagation can be minimized, ensuring that the photoelectric sensor 32 can efficiently capture the green light signal reflected back from the superficial blood flow. Since green light is easily affected by factors such as skin scattering and hair obstruction, shortening the distance to the photoelectric sensor 32 can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Especially during exercise, superficial blood flow signals are more susceptible to interference. Setting the distance closer can enhance the ability to perceive subtle changes in blood flow, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of physiological parameter detection such as heart rate. At the same time, this layout can make reasonable use of the space on the circuit board 22, keeping the components at an appropriate distance and avoiding mutual interference.

[0047] To prevent accidental activation of the phonocardiogram (CCH) acquisition module, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2The circuit board 22 of the smart ring 100 is also provided with a pressure sensor 223 on the side facing the outer shell. The pressure sensor 223 is located between the second charging post 222 and the reflective lamp group 33 along the circumferential direction of the smart ring and is positioned directly opposite the flat section 11a1. The pressure sensor 223 is configured to control the phonocardiogram acquisition module to acquire heart sound information. In one embodiment, the pressure sensor 223 is a miniature piezoresistive sensor. The pressure sensor 223 is located between the second charging post 222 and the reflective lamp group 33 along the circumferential direction of the annular cavity. This position can avoid spatial conflicts and mutual interference with other components. Furthermore, the pressure-sensitive sensor 223 is configured to control the phonocardiogram (PCG) acquisition module to acquire heart sound information. Its working principle is as follows: when the user wears the ring and applies a certain pressure to the flat section 11a1 with the fingertip, the pressure-sensitive sensor 223 detects that the pressure reaches a preset threshold and triggers the PCG acquisition module to start working; when the pressure is less than the threshold, the PCG acquisition module stops working. This avoids the PCG acquisition module from working when it is not necessary, reduces battery consumption 21, and extends the ring's battery life. At the same time, only under appropriate pressure can the ring and the finger make closer contact and the heart sound signal be transmitted more clearly. At this time, the acquisition of heart sound information can improve the detection accuracy.

[0048] In one application scenario, when a user collects pulse wave and heart sound signals, the corresponding pressure sensor 223 inside the ring is placed tightly against the chest. The heart sound signal generated by the heartbeat is efficiently transmitted through the path of "heart - bone - ring shell - photoplethysmography pulse wave acquisition module 30". As a rigid medium, the bone attenuates low-frequency heart sound signals much less than soft tissue and air, allowing the photoplethysmography pulse wave acquisition module 30 to capture clearer original heart sounds, such as S1 heart sound, S2 heart sound, and abnormal heart sounds. The pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 223 at this time is a direct feedback on the tightness of the ring against the chest: when the pressure reaches the threshold, it not only triggers the photoplethysmography pulse wave acquisition module 30 to start, but also means that the "rigid conduction efficiency" of the heart sound propagation path is in the optimal state, greatly reducing environmental noise interference. Meanwhile, the pressure from the chest on the ring triggers a counterforce between the finger and the ring, causing the finger to press inwards towards the ring. This significantly improves the fit between the fingertip and the detection groove. On one hand, the fingertip tissue is pressed more tightly against the light-transmitting surface, reducing the air gap between the skin and the sensor. This greatly reduces the scattering loss of light, such as green and red light, allowing the photoelectric sensor 32 of the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module to receive a stronger signal. On the other hand, the pressure causes the capillaries in the fingertip detection groove 11a to become more congested, increasing the amplitude of light absorption / reflection by the blood and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pulse wave signal. This is especially effective in reducing baseline drift interference during movement. Furthermore, the transparent flexible material of the fingertip compression part 11 conforms more closely to the fingertip contour under pressure, further fixing the optical path and ensuring the stability of the PPG signal. The relative force between the chest and fingers creates a linkage effect between PCG heart sound conduction optimization and PPG blood flow signal enhancement. The pressure-sensitive sensor 223 serves as a precise control node for this linkage, enabling high-quality synchronous acquisition of the two physiological signals under the same wearing posture. This provides a reliable data foundation for subsequent joint analysis of cardiovascular functions, such as the correlation between heart rate and heart sound intervals and blood pressure estimation.

[0049] Furthermore, the phonocardiogram (PCG) acquisition module of the smart ring 100 is located on the side of the circuit board 22 facing the outer shell, the photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 is located on the side of the circuit board 22 facing the inner shell, and the PCG acquisition module is located on the side of the circuit board 22 facing the outer shell. The outer shell is made of metal, which has a certain sound insulation effect and can reduce the interference of external environmental noise on the detection of the heart sound signal. Since the heart sound signal itself is relatively weak and easily affected by external noise, the outer shell can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the heart sound signal. The PPG acquisition module 30 is located on the side of the circuit board 22 facing the inner shell, and the inner shell is in contact with the finger. This arrangement allows the PPG acquisition module 30 to be closer to the fingertip tissue, reducing the loss during light propagation and improving the efficiency of light signal detection. Meanwhile, placing the two modules on opposite sides of the circuit board 22 avoids mutual interference. The photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 emits light during operation, while the phonocardiogram (PCA) acquisition module is sensitive to sound signals. Separating them prevents light from interfering with PCA detection and avoids the PCA module's operation affecting the light propagation of the optical module, ensuring independent and stable operation of both modules. From a heat dissipation perspective, this layout effectively optimizes the heat dissipation efficiency of the smart ring 100, preventing performance interference caused by heat accumulation between modules. The core component of the PCA acquisition module is a miniature microphone or piezoelectric sensor. These devices have extremely low power consumption, generate very little heat during operation, and require high temperature stability. The metal casing not only provides sound insulation but also, due to its excellent thermal conductivity, quickly conducts the small amount of heat around the PPG acquisition module 30 to the outside, preventing localized temperature increases from affecting the sensor's acoustic sensitivity. The photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition module 30 includes multiple LED groups for red, infrared, and green light. LEDs generate continuous heat when flashing at high frequencies, and their luminous efficacy and wavelength stability are easily affected by temperature. By placing the PPG acquisition module 30 near the inner shell, the flexible material of the inner shell, although less thermally conductive than metal, utilizes the skin as a "heat sink" through close contact with the skin of the fingers: the blood circulation of the skin continuously removes the heat generated by the LEDs, stabilizing the operating temperature of the PPG acquisition module 30 at 35-37℃ (close to human body temperature) and preventing light signal distortion due to overheating. Simultaneously, the circuit board 22 itself acts as an intermediate isolation layer, blocking heat conduction from the PPG acquisition module 30 to the PPG acquisition module 30, preventing thermal stress caused by temperature differences from affecting structural stability. Ultimately, through the design of "zoned heat dissipation + utilization of environmental media (shell / skin)," both modules are ensured to operate stably within their respective suitable temperature ranges, further improving the long-term reliability of detection accuracy.

[0050] For easier communication between the smart ring 100 and the server, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1The circuit board 22 of the smart ring 100 also includes an antenna, which is located at one end of the circuit board 22 near the battery 21. The antenna is located vertically in the middle of the smart ring 100. Specifically, the antenna is a miniaturized built-in antenna, such as a PCB antenna or a ceramic antenna, used to realize wireless communication between the ring and external devices (such as mobile phones and computers) and transmit detected physiological parameters and other data. The antenna is located at one end of the circuit board 22 near the battery 21, and the battery 21 provides a stable power supply to the antenna, reducing the impact of power fluctuations on the antenna's communication performance. Furthermore, the antenna is located in the middle of the smart ring 100 along the vertical direction. A metal terminal 40 is set at the position of the antenna on the circuit board 22. The end of the metal terminal 40 is exposed inside the inner shell of the smart ring 100. When the smart ring 100 is worn, the metal terminal 40 can contact the finger. The finger, as a conductive medium, will form an information transmission link with the metal terminal 40: "antenna body - metal terminal 40 - finger". At this time, the finger is equivalent to the "extended radiator" of the antenna, which greatly increases the effective radiation length and area of ​​the antenna. This solves the problem that the physical length and radiation area of ​​the built-in antenna are strictly compressed due to the small size of the smart ring 100. Traditional micro antennas often suffer from low radiation efficiency and fast signal attenuation due to insufficient size.

[0051] To improve the stability of the circuit board 22 in the annular cavity, the circuit board 22 of the smart ring 100 is provided with multiple first positioning parts, and the inner wall of the annular cavity is provided with second positioning parts adapted to the first positioning parts. The first positioning parts limit the cooperation of the second positioning parts. In one embodiment, the first positioning part on the circuit board 22 is a raised positioning post, and the first positioning parts are evenly distributed on the edge of the circuit board 22. The second positioning part on the inner wall of the annular cavity is a positioning hole adapted to the positioning post. The diameter of the positioning hole is slightly larger than that of the positioning post to ensure that the positioning post can be smoothly inserted. In another embodiment, the first positioning part is an open slot, and the second positioning part is a limiting arm structure. The two achieve the positioning effect by snap-fit ​​cooperation. The limiting cooperation between the first positioning part and the second positioning part can accurately fix the circuit board 22 in the annular receiving cavity, preventing the circuit board 22 from shifting or shaking during the wearing and use of the ring. Because the circuit board 22 is equipped with multiple precision components, such as sensors and light groups, displacement or shaking may cause the connection between the components to become loose, affecting the normal operation of the circuit. At the same time, it will also change the relative position of the sensor and the fingertip, affecting the detection accuracy. This positioning method is simple and reliable, and can ensure the stable position of the circuit board 22 in the annular receiving cavity, ensuring the stability of the overall structure of the ring and the reliability of its performance.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart ring comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, the outer shell being connected with the inner shell and enclosing a ring-shaped accommodating cavity, characterized in that, The intelligent ring comprises: a circuit module (20) comprising a battery (21) and a circuit board (22), which are arranged in the annular accommodating cavity and arranged along the circumferential direction of the intelligent ring; and a function module comprising a photoplethysmogram acquisition module (30) and a phonocardiogram acquisition module, which are arranged on the circuit board (22) and correspondingly arranged with the battery (21) along the diameter direction of the intelligent ring; The intelligent ring has a wearing state, in which the photoplethysmogram acquisition module (30) is used to acquire a pulse wave signal, and the phonocardiogram acquisition module is used to acquire a heart sound signal. The inner circumferential wall of the inner shell is provided with two finger pulp extrusion portions (11), which are symmetrically arranged along a first diameter of the intelligent ring, each of the finger pulp extrusion portions (11) communicates with the annular accommodating cavity, and the two finger pulp extrusion portions (11) and the inner circumferential wall of the inner shell form a finger pulp detection groove (11a); the photoplethysmogram acquisition module (30) comprises a transmission lamp group (31) and a photoelectric sensor (32), which are respectively located in one of the finger pulp extrusion portions (11) and arranged close to the finger pulp detection groove (11a); The finger pulp detection groove (11a) comprises a flat section (11a1) and arc sections (11a2) located at both ends of the flat section (11a1), and the arc sections (11a2) connect the light-transmitting surfaces of the finger pulp extrusion portions (11) and the flat section (11a1); The photoplethysmogram acquisition module (30) further comprises a reflection lamp group (33) and a green light lamp group (34), which are arranged close to the photoelectric sensor (32), the reflection lamp group (33) is located on the circuit board (22) corresponding to the flat section (11a1), and the green light lamp group (34) is located on the circuit board (22) corresponding to the arc section (11a2); In the wearing state, the two symmetrically arranged finger pulp extrusion portions (11) can extrude the two sides of the finger pulp, and the reflection lamp group (33), the green light lamp group (34) and the photoelectric sensor (32) are located on the same side of the finger pulp.

2. The smart ring of claim 1, wherein, The two finger pulp extrusion portions (11) and the battery (21) are located on both sides of a second diameter of the intelligent ring.

3. The smart ring of claim 2, wherein, The light-transmitting surface of each finger pulp extrusion portion (11) faces the center of the intelligent ring; and the light-emitting surface of the transmission lamp group (31) and the light-sensing surface of the photoelectric sensor (32) are close to the light-transmitting surface.

4. The smart ring of claim 1, wherein, The circuit board (22) is provided with a first charging column (221) and a second charging column (222), the first charging column (221) and the second charging column (222) are respectively located at two ends of the flat section (11a1), the first charging column (221) is arranged close to the photoelectric sensor (32), and the reflector lamp group (33) and the green light lamp group (34) are respectively located on two sides of the first charging column (221).

5. The smart ring of claim 4, wherein, The side of the circuit board (22) facing the shell is also provided with a pressure sensitive sensor (223), the pressure sensitive sensor (223) is located between the second charging column (222) and the reflector lamp group (33) along the circumferential direction of the smart ring, and is arranged opposite to the flat section (11a1); The pressure sensitive sensor (223) is configured to control the heart sound graph acquisition module to acquire heart sound information.

6. The smart ring of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The heart sound graph acquisition module is located on the side of the circuit board (22) facing the shell, and the photoelectric plethysmogram acquisition module (30) is located on the side of the circuit board (22) facing the inner shell.

7. The smart ring of claim 6, wherein, The circuit board (22) further comprises an antenna, the antenna is arranged at one end of the circuit board (22) close to the battery (21); and the antenna is located in the middle of the smart ring along the vertical direction.

8. The smart ring of claim 7, wherein, The circuit board (22) is provided with a plurality of first positioning portions, and the inner wall of the annular accommodating cavity is provided with second positioning portions matched with the first positioning portions, and the first positioning portions are limited and matched with the second positioning portions.

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