Efficient and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine, which belongs to the technical field of biomass pellet fuel and comprises a speed reducer, a driving motor mounted on an input shaft of the speed reducer, a main shaft driven by the speed reducer, a machine body positioned on the outer side of the main shaft and used for limiting the main shaft, and a machine cover arranged at the top of the machine body, a pressing roller is rotationally mounted at the top end of the main shaft, a positioning plate for limiting the pressing roller is mounted between the top of the pressing roller and the top end of the main shaft, inclined edge teeth are uniformly arranged on the surface of the pressing roller, and honeycomb grooves are formed between tooth roots of the adjacent inclined edge teeth. By optimizing the structure of the compression roller and arranging the oblique edge teeth and the honeycomb grooves on the surface of the compression roller, the contact area and friction coefficient of the compression roller and raw materials are greatly increased, the oblique edge teeth can enhance the shearing and extruding effects on the raw materials, and the honeycomb grooves can temporarily store part of the raw materials to form'secondary friction ', so that the total amount of heat generated by friction in unit time is increased; through the improvement, initial dependence on external heating is reduced, and energy consumption is reduced from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a molding machine, in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine, belonging to the technical field of biomass pellet fuel. Background Art

[0002] Biomass pellet fuel, an important alternative to fossil fuels, relies on a molding machine to compress and bond loose raw materials (such as sawdust and straw) into high-density pellets. During this process, the lignin in the raw materials must be heated to a softening point of 160-180°C to achieve its binding effect. Therefore, the heating stage is a key component of the molding machine's energy consumption. Currently, the industry only uses external heating to soften lignin. During the molding process, the extrusion contact between the raw material and the pressure rollers, and the forced movement of the raw material in the mold hole, inevitably generate frictional heat. This heat could help soften the lignin, but traditional equipment cannot recover it due to structural design defects: The surface of the pressing roller is mostly smooth or has a simple tooth structure, which has low friction strength with the raw material and insufficient heat generation efficiency; The die hole adopts a straight hole design, which shortens the raw material movement path, causes insufficient friction time, limits the total amount of heat generated, and disperses the heat distribution, making it impossible to focus on the key area of ​​lignin melting. Due to the lack of a heat recovery mechanism, the excess heat generated in the middle section of the mold is lost through natural heat dissipation, and the raw materials in the entrance section cannot be preheated, resulting in a double energy loss of "continuous energy consumption of external heating and waste of friction heat." The above problems result in the friction heat utilization rate of traditional molding machines being only about 10%, resulting in serious energy waste, which is contrary to the energy conservation requirements under the current "dual carbon" goals. Therefore, developing a molding machine structure that can efficiently recover friction heat and reduce dependence on external heating has become a key technical requirement for reducing energy consumption in biomass pellet production and improving industrial economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine. By optimizing the structure of the pressure roller and providing oblique ridges and honeycomb grooves on its surface, the contact area and friction coefficient between the pressure roller and the raw material are greatly increased. The oblique ridges can enhance the shearing and extrusion effect on the raw material, and the honeycomb grooves can temporarily store part of the raw material to form "secondary friction", so that the total amount of friction heat generated per unit time is increased. This improvement reduces the initial dependence on external heating and reduces energy consumption from the source. By providing spiral guide ribs in the extrusion hole of the ring die, the raw material moves along a spiral path during the extrusion process, which not only prolongs the friction time, but also allows the heat to gather to the center of the channel through the spiral guidance, so that the temperature concentration of the lignin softening area is improved. At the same time, the spiral structure reduces the probability of raw material blockage, ensures that the heat acts stably on the lignin, and reduces ineffective energy. The heat circulation loop formed by the heat-conducting ring, the middle confluence groove, the inlet diversion groove, the conducting pipe, the one-way valve, the middle guide groove and the front guide groove between the top and the bottom of the ring die can collect the excess heat in the middle section of the ring die and transport it to the inlet section to preheat the raw materials. The conducting mechanism composed of the bimetallic strip, the push rod and the sealing plug can conduct the circuit only when the heat in the middle section exceeds 180℃, which not only ensures the quality of pellet forming, but also reduces the heat loss from the middle section to the outside, and realizes the efficient recovery of friction heat. The rotating mechanism composed of the vertical rod, the outer gear ring, the first gear, the shaft rod, the second gear, the inner gear ring, the fixed ring and the protective sleeve are arranged inside the machine cover. Through mechanical transmission, the rotation of the material stripping plate is automatically controlled as the main shaft rotates, so that the formed pellets can be scraped off with a fixed length. No additional motor drive is required, which reduces the energy consumption of the equipment and improves the convenience and energy saving of operation.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine includes a reducer, a drive motor installed on the reducer input shaft, a main shaft driven by the reducer, a body located outside the main shaft and limiting the main shaft, and a cover provided on the top of the body; A pressure roller is rotatably installed at the top of the main shaft. A positioning plate is installed between the top of the pressure roller and the top of the main shaft to limit the pressure roller. The surface of the pressure roller is evenly provided with oblique ridges, and honeycomb grooves are provided between the roots of adjacent oblique ridges. A ring die that matches the pressure roller is fixed on the top of the machine body. Extrusion holes are evenly opened on the surface of the ring die, and spiral guide ribs are provided on the inner side of the extrusion holes. A heat circulation loop is set between the top and bottom of the ring die to transfer excess heat from the middle section of the ring die to the inlet section. A turntable is rotatably mounted on the outside of the top of the machine body, a material stripping plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable, and a rotating mechanism is provided on the inside of the machine cover to control the rotation of the turntable in conjunction with the rotation of the main shaft; An exhaust mechanism is provided on the top of one side of the cover for discharging steam.

[0005] Preferably, the angle between the inclination direction of the oblique ridges and the rotation direction of the pressure roller is 30-60°, and the height of the oblique ridges is 5-10 mm.

[0006] Preferably, the spiral guide ribs extend spirally along the inner wall of the extrusion hole, the number of the spiral guide ribs is 3-6, and the height of the spiral guide ribs is 0.5-1 mm.

[0007] Preferably: the heat circulation loop includes a heat conducting ring, an intermediate confluence groove, an inlet diversion groove, a conducting pipe, a one-way valve, a conducting structure, an intermediate guide groove and a front guide groove. The heat conducting ring is fixed on the top and bottom of the ring die. The heat conducting ring is provided with an intermediate confluence groove at the middle section of the ring die. The middle section of the ring die is provided with intermediate guide grooves that connect the intermediate confluence grooves to each other evenly and vertically along the circumference. The heat conducting ring is provided with an inlet diversion groove at the inlet section near the extrusion hole. The ring die is provided with an intermediate guide groove along the circumference near the inlet section. Front guide grooves are evenly and vertically opened to connect the inlet diversion grooves to each other. Conducting pipes are evenly arranged between the intermediate confluence groove and the inlet diversion groove inside the heat conduction ring. The conducting pipes are all equipped with one-way valves. The one-way valve of the heat conduction ring at the top of the ring die is a one-way liquid inlet valve, and the one-way valve of the heat conduction ring at the bottom of the ring die is a one-way liquid discharge valve. The interior of the intermediate confluence groove, inlet diversion groove, conducting pipe, intermediate guide groove and front guide groove are all filled with heat conduction oil. The interior of the intermediate confluence groove at the top of the ring die is equipped with a conducting structure to control the on-off of the conducting pipe.

[0008] Preferably: the conduction structure includes a bimetallic strip, a push rod and a sealing plug. The bimetallic strip is evenly and vertically fixed on the top of the middle confluence groove. A push rod is provided on the side of the bimetallic strip close to the conduction tube. The end of the push rod is fixed with a sealing plug, and the end of the sealing plug is inserted into the inside of the conduction tube.

[0009] Preferably: the rotating mechanism includes a vertical rod, an outer gear ring, a first gear, a shaft rod, a second gear and an inner gear ring; the vertical rod is evenly fixed on the top of the positioning plate; the top of the vertical rod is horizontally fixed with the outer gear ring; the top of the outer gear ring fits with the middle section of the machine cover; the inside of the machine cover is evenly vertically rotated with the shaft rod along the circumferential direction; the top of the shaft rod is installed with the first gear meshing with the outer gear ring; the bottom end of the shaft rod is installed with the second gear; the inner bottom of the machine cover is horizontally installed with the inner gear ring; the inner side of the inner gear ring meshes with the second gear; the top of the stripping plate is fixedly connected to the inner gear ring.

[0010] Preferably, waist-shaped grooves are provided at the top and bottom ends of the stripper plate, and the stripper plate is fixedly connected to the turntable and the inner gear ring by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, a protective sleeve is provided at the inner bottom of the machine cover, the top of the protective sleeve is fitted with the bottom of the outer gear ring, a fixing ring is fixed between the inner side of the machine cover and the protective sleeve, the shaft passes through the fixing ring, and the shaft is rotatably connected to the fixing ring through a bearing.

[0012] Preferably: the exhaust mechanism includes a funnel cover, an exhaust pipe and a filter screen, the funnel cover is fixed to the inner top end of the machine cover, the bottom end of the funnel cover extends to the inside of the protective cover, an exhaust pipe is opened at the top of the outer side of the machine cover, and a filter screen is fixed to the inner end of the exhaust pipe.

[0013] Preferably, a brush plate is vertically fixed to the top end of the outer gear ring, and the outer side of the brush plate is in contact with the inner wall of the machine cover.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine. By optimizing the pressure roller structure and providing oblique ridges and honeycomb grooves on its surface, the contact area and friction coefficient between the pressure roller and the raw material are greatly increased. The oblique ridges can enhance the shearing and squeezing effect on the raw material, and the honeycomb grooves can temporarily store part of the raw material to form "secondary friction", thereby increasing the total amount of frictional heat generated per unit time. This improvement reduces the initial reliance on external heating and reduces energy consumption at the source. By installing spiral guide ribs in the extrusion hole of the ring die, the raw material moves along a spiral path during the extrusion process, which not only prolongs the friction time, but also allows the heat to gather to the center of the hole through the spiral guide, so that the temperature concentration of the lignin softening area is improved. At the same time, the spiral structure reduces the probability of raw material blockage, ensures that the heat acts stably on the lignin, and reduces ineffective energy consumption. The heat circulation loop formed by the heat conduction ring, middle confluence groove, inlet diversion groove, conduction pipe, one-way valve, middle guide groove and front guide groove between the top and bottom of the ring die can collect excess heat in the middle section of the ring die and transport it to the inlet section to preheat the raw materials. The conduction mechanism composed of bimetallic strips, push rods and sealing plugs will conduct the circuit only when the temperature in the middle section exceeds 180℃, which not only ensures the quality of pellet forming, but also reduces the heat loss from the middle section to the outside, realizing efficient recovery of friction heat. By arranging a rotating mechanism consisting of a vertical rod, an outer gear ring, a first gear, a shaft, a second gear, an inner gear ring, a fixed ring, and a protective sleeve inside the machine cover, the rotation of the stripper plate is automatically controlled as the main shaft rotates through mechanical transmission, thereby achieving fixed-length scraping of the formed particles. No additional motor drive is required, which reduces equipment energy consumption and improves operational convenience and energy saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the interior of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the surface structure of a pressure roller in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a ring mold in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the top of a ring die in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a heat-conducting ring in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a material stripping plate in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram of a rotating mechanism in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of a machine cover in a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a front view of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine of the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: 1, reducer; 101, drive motor; 102, main shaft; 103, machine body; 104, machine cover; 2. Press roller; 3. Oblique ridge teeth; 4. Honeycomb groove; 5. Positioning plate; 6. Ring die; 7. Extrusion hole; 8. Spiral guide rib; 9. Heat transfer ring; 10. Intermediate confluence groove; 11. Inlet diversion groove; 12. Conducting pipe; 13. One-way valve; 14. Conducting structure; 1401. Bimetallic strip; 1402. Push rod; 1403. Sealing plug; 15. Middle guide groove; 16. Front guide groove; 17. Turntable; 18. Diverter plate; 1801. Waist-shaped groove; 19. Rotating mechanism; 1901. Vertical rod; 1902. Outer gear ring; 1903. First gear; 1904. Shaft; 1905. Second gear; 1906. Inner gear ring; 1907. Fixed ring; 1908. Protective sleeve; 20. Exhaust mechanism; 2001. Funnel cover; 2002. Exhaust pipe; 2003. Filter; 2004. Brush plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear and specific to those skilled in the art, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0018] Example 1 like Figures 1-9As shown, this embodiment provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine, including a reducer 1, a drive motor 101 installed on the input shaft of the reducer 1, a main shaft 102 driven by the reducer 1, a body 103 located outside the main shaft 102 and limiting the main shaft 102, and a cover 104 provided on the top of the body 103; The driving motor 101 drives the main shaft 102 to rotate through the reducer 1 to provide power for the equipment; A pressure roller 2 is rotatably mounted on the top of the main shaft 102. A positioning plate 5 is mounted between the top of the pressure roller 2 and the top of the main shaft 102 to limit the position of the pressure roller 2. Oblique ridge teeth 3 are evenly arranged on the surface of the pressure roller 2. Honeycomb grooves 4 are arranged between the roots of adjacent oblique ridge teeth 3. After the raw materials enter the equipment from the top of the machine cover 104, the main shaft 102 drives the top roller 2 to rotate synchronously. The raw materials are squeezed in the gap between the roller 2 and the ring die 6. The oblique ridges 3 on the surface of the roller 2 rotate with the roller 2, shearing and squeezing the raw materials, increasing the friction intensity. The honeycomb grooves 4 on the adjacent ridges temporarily store part of the raw materials, forming "secondary friction", which greatly increases the total amount of frictional heat generated per unit time and reduces the dependence on external heating. A ring die 6 is fixedly mounted on the top of the machine body 103 and cooperates with the pressure roller 2. Extrusion holes 7 are evenly opened on the surface of the ring die 6, and spiral guide ribs 8 are provided on the inner sides of the extrusion holes 7. The raw material is continuously squeezed into the extrusion hole 7 of the ring die 6. The spiral guide ribs 8 inside the extrusion hole 7 guide the raw material to move along the spiral path, prolonging the friction time while concentrating the heat to the center of the hole, increasing the temperature concentration of the lignin softening area and promoting the bonding of lignin. The spiral structure also reduces the probability of raw material blockage and ensures thermal stability. A heat circulation loop is provided between the top and bottom of the ring die 6, which is used to transport excess heat in the middle section of the ring die 6 to the inlet section; The heat circulation loop of ring die 6 actively collects excess heat in the middle section (exceeding the 180°C required for lignin softening) and transports it to the inlet section to preheat the incoming raw materials and reduce heat loss in the middle section. A turntable 17 is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the top of the machine body 103, and a material stripping plate 18 is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable 17. A rotating mechanism 19 is provided on the inner side of the machine cover 104 to control the rotation of the turntable 17 in conjunction with the rotation of the main shaft 102. When the main shaft 102 rotates, the rotating disc 17 and the material stripping plate 18 are controlled to rotate by the rotating mechanism 19, and the formed particles discharged from the extrusion hole 7 are automatically scraped off without the need for additional power; An exhaust mechanism 20 is provided on the top of one side of the cover 104 for discharging steam; The steam generated during the heating of the raw materials is discharged in time through the exhaust mechanism 20 to avoid steam accumulation affecting the quality of pellet forming.

[0019] Example 2 The solution in Example 1 is further introduced below in conjunction with a specific working method, as described below: In this embodiment, the angle between the inclined direction of the oblique ridge teeth 3 and the rotation direction of the pressure roller 2 is 30-60 degrees, and the height of the oblique ridge teeth 3 is 5-10 mm; For wood materials (such as sawdust), the tilt angle is 45-60° and the height is 8-10mm. Because wood fibers are tough, stronger shearing force is required. For raw materials with softer straw fibers, the tilt angle is 30-45° and the height is 5-7mm to avoid excessive crushing and fiber breakage.

[0020] Local working principle: When the pressure roller 2 rotates, the ridges cut into the raw material at an inclined angle, which not only enhances the shear force on the raw material, but also ensures the contact area with the raw material through a height of 5-10mm. The honeycomb grooves 4 at the roots of adjacent ridges temporarily store part of the raw material. As the pressure roller 2 rotates, the raw material in the grooves undergoes secondary friction with the subsequent raw material, further improving the frictional heat generation efficiency and reducing external heating energy consumption.

[0021] In this embodiment, the spiral guide ribs 8 extend spirally along the inner wall of the extrusion hole 7. The number of spiral guide ribs 8 is 3-6, and the height of the spiral guide ribs 8 is 0.5-1 mm. The guide ribs 8 and the inner wall of the extrusion hole 7 adopt an arc transition (fillet radius 0.1-0.2 mm) to avoid the jamming of the raw material. The end of the guide rib 8, close to the outlet of the extrusion hole 7, gradually narrows to 0.2 mm to reduce scratches on the surface of the particles.

[0022] Local working principle: After the raw material is pressed into the extrusion hole 7, it moves along a spiral path under the guidance of the spiral guide ribs 8, which can extend the friction time of the raw material in the hole and increase the total heat generation. The height of 0.5-1mm can not only guide the spiral movement of the raw material, but also avoid excessive obstruction of the raw material flow, reduce the probability of blockage, and ensure that the heat acts stably on the lignin.

[0023] In this embodiment, the heat circulation loop includes a heat conducting ring 9, an intermediate confluence groove 10, an inlet diversion groove 11, a conducting pipe 12, a one-way valve 13, a conducting structure 14, an intermediate guide groove 15 and a front end guide groove 16. The heat conducting ring 9 is fixed to the top and bottom of the ring die 6. The heat conducting ring 9 is provided with an intermediate confluence groove 10 at the middle section of the ring die 6. The middle section of the ring die 6 is provided with an intermediate guide groove 15 that connects the intermediate confluence grooves 10 to each other in a uniform vertical direction along the circumferential direction. The heat conducting ring 9 is provided with an inlet diversion groove 11 at the inlet section near the extrusion hole 7. The ring die 6 is provided with a front end guide groove 16 that connects the inlet diversion grooves 11 to each other in a uniform vertical direction along the circumferential direction near the inlet section. The heat conducting ring 9 is provided with an intermediate confluence groove 10 at the middle section of the ring die 6. Conducting pipes 12 are evenly arranged between the intermediate confluence groove 10 and the inlet diversion groove 11, and a one-way valve 13 is provided on the conducting pipes 12. The one-way valve 13 of the heat conducting ring 9 at the top of the ring die 6 is a one-way liquid inlet valve, and the one-way valve 13 of the heat conducting ring 9 at the bottom of the ring die 6 is a one-way liquid discharge valve. The opening pressure of the one-way liquid inlet valve is 0.1-0.2MPa, and the opening pressure of the one-way liquid discharge valve is 0.05-0.1MPa to avoid uneven heat distribution caused by backflow of heat conducting oil. The interior of the intermediate confluence groove 10, the inlet diversion groove 11, the conducting pipe 12, the intermediate guide groove 15 and the front guide groove 16 are all filled with heat conducting oil. The top of the ring die 6, located inside the intermediate confluence groove 10, is provided with a conducting structure 14 for controlling the on-off of the conducting pipe 12.

[0024] Local working principle: The middle section of the ring die 6 generates excess heat (over 180°C) due to frictional heat generated by the raw materials. The heat is transferred through the heat transfer oil and collected into the intermediate confluence groove 10 through the intermediate guide groove 15. When the temperature in the intermediate confluence groove 10 reaches the standard, the conduction structure 14 opens the conduction pipe 12, and the heat transfer oil circulates through the conduction pipe 12 under the control of the top one-way liquid inlet valve and the bottom one-way liquid drain valve. The inlet diversion groove 11 evenly distributes the heat to the inlet section of the ring die 6 through the front guide groove 16, preheating the raw materials that have just entered and reducing the need for external heating.

[0025] In this embodiment, the conductive structure 14 includes a bimetallic strip 1401, a push rod 1402 and a sealing plug 1403. The bimetallic strip 1401 is evenly and vertically fixed on the top of the middle conduit 10. The bimetallic strip 1401 is provided with a push rod 1402 on the side close to the conductive tube 12. The end of the push rod 1402 is fixed with a sealing plug 1403, and the end of the sealing plug 1403 is inserted into the inside of the conductive tube 12.

[0026] Partial working principle: The bimetallic strip 1401 is made of a composite of iron-nickel alloy and copper-zinc alloy, with a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm. At room temperature, the sealing plug 1403 blocks the conducting tube 12. When the temperature in the middle section of the ring die 6 exceeds 180°C (the critical temperature for softening lignin), the bimetallic strip 1401 bends due to the difference in thermal expansion, pushing the push rod 1402 to separate the sealing plug 1403 from the conducting tube 12, thus connecting the heat circulation loop. At 200°C, the sealing plug 1403 is completely pushed open to ensure the precise triggering of the heat cycle. When the temperature is lower than 180°C, the bimetallic strip 1401 resets and the sealing plug 1403 re-blocks the conducting tube 12, ensuring that the temperature in the middle section is not lower than the softening point of lignin, thereby ensuring the quality of pellet molding.

[0027] In this embodiment, the rotating mechanism 19 includes a vertical rod 1901, an outer gear ring 1902, a first gear 1903, a shaft 1904, a second gear 1905 and an inner gear ring 1906. The vertical rod 1901 is evenly fixed on the top of the positioning plate 5. The top of the vertical rod 1901 is horizontally fixed with the outer gear ring 1902. The top of the outer gear ring 1902 is in contact with the middle section of the machine cover 104. The interior of the machine cover 104 is evenly and vertically rotated with the shaft 1904 along the circumferential direction. The top of the shaft 1904 is installed with the first gear 1903 meshing with the outer gear ring 1902, and the bottom of the shaft 1904 is installed with the second gear 1905. The inner bottom of the machine cover 104 is horizontally installed with the inner gear ring 1906. The inner side of the inner gear ring 1906 is meshed with the second gear 1905, and the top of the material stripping plate 18 is fixedly connected to the inner gear ring 1906.

[0028] Local working principle: the main shaft 102 drives the positioning plate 5 to rotate, and the vertical rod 1901 on the positioning plate synchronously drives the outer gear ring 1902 to rotate. The outer gear ring 1902 engages with the first gear 1903, driving the shaft 1904 to rotate, and the second gear 1905 at the bottom of the shaft 1904 rotates with it. The second gear 1905 engages with the inner gear ring 1906, driving the inner gear ring 1906 and the stripper plate 18 fixed thereon to rotate slowly. The entire process does not require an additional motor. The power of the main shaft 102 is used to achieve the synchronous slow rotation of the stripper plate 18, accurately scraping off the formed particles and reducing energy consumption.

[0029] In this embodiment, waist-shaped grooves 1801 are formed at the top and bottom of the material-diverting plate 18 , and the material-diverting plate 18 is fixedly connected to the rotary disk 17 and the inner gear ring 1906 by bolts.

[0030] Partial working principle: The waist-shaped groove 1801 allows fine adjustment of the position of the material-selecting plate 18 to produce granular raw materials of appropriate length.

[0031] In this embodiment, a protective sleeve 1908 is provided at the inner bottom of the machine cover 104, the top of the protective sleeve 1908 is in contact with the bottom of the outer gear ring 1902, and a fixing ring 1907 is fixed between the inner side of the machine cover 104 and the protective sleeve 1908. The shaft 1904 passes through the fixing ring 1907, and the shaft 1904 is rotatably connected to the fixing ring 1907 through a bearing.

[0032] Partial working principle: The top of the protective sleeve 1908 fits with the bottom of the outer gear ring 1902, isolating the raw material from the rotating mechanism 19, preventing raw material dust from entering the mechanism and affecting the transmission accuracy. The fixed ring 1907 fixes the shaft 1904 through the bearing to ensure the stability of the shaft 1904 during rotation, reduce the friction loss caused by radial shaking, and extend the service life of the mechanism.

[0033] In this embodiment, the exhaust mechanism 20 includes a funnel cover 2001, an exhaust pipe 2002 and a filter 2003. The funnel cover 2001 is fixed to the inner top end of the machine cover 104, and the bottom end of the funnel cover 2001 extends to the inside of the protective cover 1908. An exhaust pipe 2002 is opened at the top of the outer side of the machine cover 104, and a filter 2003 is fixed to the inner end of the exhaust pipe 2002.

[0034] Partial working principle: The steam generated by the raw materials during the heating and extrusion process rises in the machine cover 104 and is collected by the funnel cover 2001. The steam is discharged from the equipment through the exhaust pipe 2002 to prevent the accumulation of steam in the machine cover 104 from causing the humidity of the raw materials to rise, affecting the pellet forming strength. The filter 2003 in the exhaust pipe 2002 intercepts the raw material dust to prevent the dust from leaking out and polluting the environment, while preventing external impurities from entering the machine cover 104.

[0035] In this embodiment, a brush plate 2004 is vertically fixed to the top of the outer gear ring 1902 , and the outer side of the brush plate 2004 is in contact with the inner wall of the machine cover 104 .

[0036] Partial working principle: During the rotation process, the brush plate 2004 continuously cleans the raw material dust attached to the inner wall of the machine cover 104, preventing dust accumulation from affecting the heat dissipation efficiency of the machine cover 104, reducing the equipment cleaning frequency caused by dust adhesion, and reducing maintenance costs. In addition, it can also clean the inner wall of the filter 2003.

[0037] Example 3 The solutions in Example 1 and Example 2 are further introduced below in conjunction with specific working methods, as described below: Equipment start-up: The driving motor 101 is started, and the main shaft 102 is driven to rotate through the reducer 1, and the main shaft 102 drives the top pressure roller 2 to rotate synchronously.

[0038] Raw material enters and initial extrusion generates heat: raw material enters the device from the top of the cover 104 and is extruded in the gap between the pressure roller 2 and the ring die 6. The oblique teeth 3 on the surface of the pressure roller 2 generate shear and extrusion effect on the raw material as the pressure roller 2 rotates, enhancing the friction intensity. The honeycomb groove 4 at the root of the adjacent oblique teeth 3 temporarily stores part of the raw material, and forms "secondary friction" as the pressure roller 2 rotates, improving the total amount of friction heat generated per unit time and reducing the initial dependence on external heating.

[0039] Raw material extrusion and spiral guide heat generation: the raw material is continuously extruded into the extrusion hole 7 of the ring die 6, and the spiral guide rib 8 inside the extrusion hole 7 guides the raw material to move along a spiral path, prolonging the friction time to increase the total amount of heat generated, while concentrating heat towards the center of the hole, improving the temperature concentration of the lignin softening area, reducing the probability of raw material blockage, and ensuring that heat acts stably on lignin.

[0040] Heat circulation and recovery: excess heat is generated in the middle section of the ring die 6 due to friction, and when the temperature exceeds 180℃ (critical temperature for lignin softening), the bimetallic strip 1401 in the intermediate collector groove 10 bends due to thermal expansion, pushing the push rod 1402 to make the sealing plug 1403 disengage from the through pipe 12, guiding the heat circulation loop, and the heat-conducting oil carries heat to the inlet section of the ring die 6 through the through pipe 12, the inlet shunt groove 11 and the front end guide groove 16, preheating the raw material just entering, and when the temperature is lower than 180℃, the bimetallic strip 1401 resets, and the sealing plug 1403 reblocks the through pipe 12, ensuring that the middle section temperature does not fall below the lignin softening point.

[0041] Formed particles are scraped off: the main shaft 102 rotates to drive the positioning plate 5 to rotate, the vertical rod 1901 at the top of the positioning plate 5 drives the outer gear ring 1902 to rotate, the outer gear ring 1902 is engaged with the first gear 1903 at the top end of the shaft 1904, driving the shaft 1904 to rotate, the second gear 1905 at the bottom end of the shaft 1904 is engaged with the inner gear ring 1906, driving the inner gear ring 1906 and the scraper plate 18 to rotate slowly, and the formed particles discharged from the extrusion hole 7 are scraped off in a fixed length by the scraper plate 18 without the need for additional power.

[0042] Steam discharge and cleaning: steam generated during the heating of the raw material rises in the cover 104, is collected by the funnel cover 2001 and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 2002. The filter screen 2003 in the exhaust pipe 2002 intercepts raw material dust, and at the same time, the brush plate 2004 at the top end of the outer gear ring 1902 rotates to clean the raw material dust adhering to the inner wall of the cover 104, and can also clean the inner wall of the filter screen 2003, reducing maintenance costs.

[0043] The above is only a further embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change within the scope disclosed by the present application according to the technical solution and concept of the present application, which belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine, comprising a reducer (1), a driving motor (101) mounted on an input shaft of the reducer (1), a main shaft (102) driven by the reducer (1), a body (103) located outside the main shaft (102) and limiting the main shaft (102), and a cover (104) located on the top of the body (103); Its characteristics are: A pressure roller (2) is rotatably mounted on the top of the main shaft (102); a positioning plate (5) for limiting the pressure roller (2) is mounted between the top of the pressure roller (2) and the top of the main shaft (102); oblique ridge teeth (3) are evenly arranged on the surface of the pressure roller (2); and honeycomb grooves (4) are arranged between the tooth roots of adjacent oblique ridge teeth (3); A ring die (6) that cooperates with the pressure roller (2) is fixedly mounted on the top of the machine body (103). Extrusion holes (7) are evenly formed on the surface of the ring die (6). Spiral guide ribs (8) are provided on the inner sides of the extrusion holes (7). A heat circulation loop is provided between the top and bottom of the ring die (6) for transferring excess heat from the middle section of the ring die (6) to the inlet section; A turntable (17) is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the top of the machine body (103), a material-diverting plate (18) is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable (17), and a rotating mechanism (19) is provided on the inner side of the machine cover (104) for controlling the rotation of the turntable (17) in conjunction with the rotation of the main shaft (102); An exhaust mechanism (20) is provided on the top of one side of the cover (104) for exhausting steam.

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the inclination direction of the oblique ridge teeth (3) and the rotation direction of the pressure roller (2) is 30-60°, and the height of the oblique ridge teeth (3) is 5-10 mm.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spiral guide ribs (8) extend spirally along the inner wall of the extrusion hole (7), the number of the spiral guide ribs (8) is 3-6, and the height of the spiral guide ribs (8) is 0.5-1 mm.

4. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat circulation loop includes a heat conducting ring (9), an intermediate confluence groove (10), an inlet diversion groove (11), a conducting pipe (12), a one-way valve (13), a conducting structure (14), an intermediate guide groove (15) and a front guide groove (16). The heat conducting ring (9) is fixed at the top and bottom of the ring die (6). The heat conducting ring (9) is provided with an intermediate confluence groove (10) at the middle section of the ring die (6). The middle section of the ring die (6) is provided with intermediate guide grooves (15) uniformly and vertically along the circumferential direction for connecting the intermediate confluence grooves (10) to each other. The heat conducting ring (9) is provided with an inlet diversion groove (11) at the inlet section near the extrusion hole (7). The ring die (6) is provided with an inlet diversion groove (11) uniformly and vertically along the circumferential direction for connecting the inlet diversion groove (11) to each other. The flow grooves (11) are mutually connected to each other, and the conducting pipes (12) are evenly arranged between the intermediate confluence groove (10) and the inlet diversion groove (11) inside the heat conducting ring (9). The conducting pipes (12) are all provided with one-way valves (13). The one-way valve (13) of the heat conducting ring (9) at the top of the ring mold (6) is a one-way liquid inlet valve, and the one-way valve (13) of the heat conducting ring (9) at the bottom of the ring mold (6) is a one-way liquid discharge valve. The interiors of the intermediate confluence groove (10), the inlet diversion groove (11), the conducting pipe (12), the intermediate guide groove (15) and the front guide groove (16) are all filled with heat conducting oil. The interior of the intermediate confluence groove (10) at the top of the ring mold (6) is provided with a conducting structure (14) for controlling the on-off of the conducting pipe (12).

5. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conducting structure (14) comprises a bimetallic strip (1401), a push rod (1402) and a sealing plug (1403). The bimetallic strip (1401) is evenly and vertically fixed on the top of the middle confluence groove (10). A push rod (1402) is provided on one side of the bimetallic strip (1401) close to the conducting tube (12). The end of the push rod (1402) is fixed with a sealing plug (1403). The end of the sealing plug (1403) is inserted into the interior of the conducting tube (12).

6. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (19) includes a vertical rod (1901), an outer gear ring (1902), a first gear (1903), a shaft (1904), a second gear (1905) and an inner gear ring (1906). The vertical rod (1901) is evenly fixed on the top of the positioning plate (5). The outer gear ring (1902) is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical rod (1901). The top of the outer gear ring (1902) is fitted with the middle section of the cover (104). The inner portion of the cover (104) is circumferentially fixed. A shaft (1904) is installed to rotate evenly vertically, the top of the shaft (1904) is installed with a first gear (1903) meshing with an outer gear ring (1902), the bottom of the shaft (1904) is installed with a second gear (1905), the inner bottom of the cover (104) is horizontally installed with an inner gear ring (1906), the inner side of the inner gear ring (1906) is meshed with the second gear (1905), and the top of the material stripping plate (18) is fixedly connected to the inner gear ring (1906).

7. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top and bottom ends of the material shifting plate (18) are both provided with waist-shaped grooves (1801), and the material shifting plate (18) is fixedly connected to the turntable (17) and the inner gear ring (1906) by bolts.

8. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel forming machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A protective sleeve (1908) is provided at the inner bottom of the machine cover (104), the top of the protective sleeve (1908) is fitted with the bottom of the outer gear ring (1902), a fixing ring (1907) is fixed between the inner side of the machine cover (104) and the protective sleeve (1908), the shaft (1904) passes through the fixing ring (1907), and the shaft (1904) is rotatably connected to the fixing ring (1907) through a bearing.

9. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust mechanism (20) comprises a funnel cover (2001), an exhaust pipe (2002) and a filter (2003). The funnel cover (2001) is fixed to the inner top end of the machine cover (104). The bottom end of the funnel cover (2001) extends to the inside of the protective sleeve (1908). The top of the outer side of the machine cover (104) is provided with an exhaust pipe (2002). The inner end of the exhaust pipe (2002) is fixed with a filter (2003).

10. The high-efficiency and energy-saving biomass pellet fuel molding machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: A brush plate (2004) is vertically fixed to the top of the outer gear ring (1902), and the outer side of the brush plate (2004) is in contact with the inner wall of the machine cover (104).

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