Fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer
Through high-temperature and high-pressure puffing and segmented fermentation technology, combined with composite microbial fermentation agents, the problems of long fermentation cycle and safety of straw organic fertilizer have been solved, and efficient and safe straw organic fertilizer production has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510951811.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing straw organic fertilizer fermentation process has problems such as insufficient temperature, inactivation of pathogens, long fermentation cycle, high labor cost and unreasonable ratio of fermentation bacteria, which lead to biosafety risks and long processing cycle.
High temperature and high pressure puffed straw and bean dregs are used, and a composite fermentation agent (Thermocellulotrophic bacteria, thermophilic Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus) is used for segmented fermentation, including three stages of aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic ripening. The fermentation temperature and humidity are controlled, and biochar is added to optimize the fermentation environment.
Significantly shorten the fermentation time to within 20 days, improve the decomposition conversion rate, enhance the fertilizer value, ensure biosafety, and reduce labor costs.
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of biological fermentation, in particular to a fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer. BACKGROUND
[0002] Straw is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and so on. Straw returning to field plays an important role in increasing the content of soil organic matter, improving soil structure and increasing crop yield. An important part of the transformation of straw organic matter is the fermentation of straw. Returning to field after straw composting can convert organic matter into organic fertilizer, making the soil loose and conducive to crop growth.
[0003] Biological fermentation of straw can reduce its cellulose content, increase its protein content, and improve its nutritional value and utilization rate. The growth and reproduction of fermentation bacteria can secrete acids and enzymes, which can enzymatically hydrolyze xylan chains and lignin polymer ester chains in straw, and the acids can soften the straw. The reproduction of fermentation bacteria also inhibits the growth of other harmful bacteria.
[0004] Current fermentation processes for producing organic fertilizer on the market have many problems. For example, the temperature in the fermentation process is not high enough, pathogenic bacteria are not inactivated, there are biological safety hazards, the ratio of fermentation bacteria is not reasonable, the fermentation period is long, such as 30 days or even 40 days, the labor cost is high, and the processing period is long for a large amount of straw. SUMMARY
[0005] To alleviate or solve at least one aspect or at least one of the above problems, the present application is proposed.
[0006] The present application provides a fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1: taking straw as the base, taking 100 parts of dried straw, wherein the water content of the straw is required to be less than 8%, first cutting the straw into 5-10 cm, and then putting it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size of less than 2 mm;
[0008] S2: treating under high temperature and high pressure to obtain puffed straw particles, the temperature during puffing is not less than 100 degrees, and the pressure is not less than 0.9 Mpa;
[0009] S2: taking 25-30 parts of bean dregs, grinding them for use, and requiring an average particle size of less than 1 cm.
[0010] S3: putting the straw and bean dregs into a fermentation tank, adding water, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65-75%.
[0011] S4: adding a compound starter culture composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Geobacillus stearothermophilus; wherein the weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 25-35:6-10:8-12:5-9:9-12:3-6; wherein the content of the compound starter culture is 0.9-1.2% of the mass of the straw.
[0012] S5: segmented fermentation, including three stages, the first stage of aerobic fermentation, the second stage of micro-aerobic fermentation, and the third stage of anaerobic ripening.
[0013] Preferably, the first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning;
[0014] The second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covering a nano-breathable film;
[0015] The third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening.
[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
[0017] In the first stage, the pile is turned over every 12 hours, and the temperature of the pile surface is checked in real time. If the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, the pile is immediately turned over.
[0018] Preferably, in the third stage, 1-1.5% of biological carbon of the weight of the straw is added, and the pile is compacted.
[0019] Preferably, in S2, the straw is put into a straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9Mpa.
[0020] Preferably, in step S1, the dried straw requires a water content of less than 8%
[0021] In the compound microbial agent of the present application, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii secretes cellulase in a high-temperature environment, effectively decomposing the cellulose component in the straw, and Streptomyces thermoviolaceus can efficiently degrade lignin in cooperation with cellulase and hemicellulase produced by Bacillus subtilis, synergistically decomposing the fiber structure to greatly improve the decomposition efficiency. As an anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus stearothermophilus maintains a high-temperature fermentation environment, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, and cooperates with Lactobacillus plantarum to rapidly produce lactic acid to reduce the pH value, inhibit the reproduction of spoilage bacteria, promote the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria, and stabilize the fermentation system. Azotobacter chroococcum supplements the nitrogen source of the fermentation system, balances the carbon-nitrogen ratio, improves the fertilizer value of the final product, and ensures the nutritional value of subsequent field application. And by using the method of segmented fermentation, reasonable segmented fermentation time is selected through multiple tests, so as to ensure that the overall fermentation time is controlled within 20 days.
[0022] The straw fermentation method can effectively improve the decomposition conversion rate and reduce the fermentation time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following description of the embodiments of the present application is intended to explain the general inventive concept of the present application, and should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.
[0024] The features described herein can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, these examples have been provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope of the methods, devices and / or systems that can be implemented in the present application, after fully understanding the disclosure.
[0025] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various examples only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" and "has", "having" are intended to be inclusive and allow for the presence of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements and / or combinations thereof, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements and / or combinations thereof.
[0026] In order to enable a person skilled in the art to use the content of the present application, the following exemplary embodiments will be given below in conjunction with specific application scenarios, parameters of specific systems, devices and elements, and specific connection modes. However, for those skilled in the art, these embodiments are only examples, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments and application scenarios without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
[0027] The present application provides a fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
[0028] S1: Take straw as the base, take 100 parts of dried straw, wherein the water content of the straw is required to be less than 8%, first cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0029] S2: After high temperature and high pressure treatment, expandable straw particles are obtained, the temperature during expansion is not less than 100 degrees, and the pressure is not less than 0.9 Mpa. Specifically, a commercially available straw expander is used, and at present, the expansion temperature reaches 130-160 degrees, and the pressure can reach more than 1 Mpa, which can kill bacteria and insect eggs.
[0030] S2: Take 25-30 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, and require the average particle size to be less than 1 cm.
[0031] S3: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 65-75%.
[0032] S4: adding a composite starter culture composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 25-35:6-10:8-12:5-9:9-12:3-6. The content of the composite starter culture is 0.9-1.2% of the mass of the straw.
[0033] S5: segmented fermentation. First stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning once every 12 hours. Real-time check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees,
[0034] then immediately turn over.
[0035] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covering nano-breathable film to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0036] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, adding 1-1.5% of the weight of the straw of biochar, compacting the pile. Adding biochar increases the internal gap, providing suitable living space for the bacteria.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] S11: taking straw as the base, taking 100 kg of dried straw, wherein the water content of the straw is 7%, first cutting the straw into 5-10 cm, then putting it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size of less than 2 mm.
[0039] S12: putting the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, to obtain the puffed straw particles
[0040] S13: taking 28 kg of bean dregs, grinding them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0041] S14: putting the straw and bean dregs into a fermentation tank, mixing them thoroughly, adding water, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0042] S15: adding a composite starter culture composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:8:10:7:10:4. The content of the composite starter culture is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0043] S16: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, adopt intermittent turning, turn once every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the heap close to the surface, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0044] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, cover nano breathable film, promote actinomycetes form mycelium.
[0045] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of straw weight of biochar, compact the heap.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] S21: Take 100 kg of dried straw as the base, the water content of the straw is required to be 7%, first cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into the crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0048] S22: Put the straw into the straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing is higher than 130 degrees, the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, get the puffed straw particles
[0049] S23: Take 30 kg of bean dregs, grind them for use, the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0050] S24: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, adjust the water content of the mixture to 65%.
[0051] S25: Add the complex starter composed of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus is: 25:7:12:5:9:6. The content of the complex starter is 0.9% of the mass of the straw.
[0052] S26: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, adopt intermittent turning, turn once every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the heap close to the surface, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0053] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, cover nano breathable film, promote actinomycetes form mycelium.
[0054] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of straw weight of biochar, compact the heap.
[0055] Example 3
[0056] S31: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0057] S32: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine. The temperature during puffing is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa. Get the puffed straw particles
[0058] S33: Take 25 parts of bean dregs, grind them and reserve them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0059] S34: Put the straw and bean dregs into a fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 75%.
[0060] S35: Add a composite starter consisting of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus is 27:6:8:7:12:6. The content of the composite starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0061] S36: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn over.
[0062] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0063] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, compact the pile.
[0064] Example 4
[0065] S41: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0066] S42: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine. The temperature during puffing is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa. Get the puffed straw particles
[0067] S43: Take 26 parts of bean dregs, grind them and reserve them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0068] S44: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them well, and add water to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%.
[0069] S45: Add the compound starter composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 35:10:12:9:9:3. The content of the compound starter is 1.1% of the mass of the straw.
[0070] S46: Segment fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, adopt intermittent turning, turn every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0071] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, cover nano breathable film, promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0072] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, and compact the pile.
[0073] Comparative Example 1
[0074] D11: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the moisture content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into particles with a particle size of less than 2 mm.
[0075] D12: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, to obtain the puffed straw particles
[0076] D13: Take 28 parts of bean dregs, grind them and reserve, with an average particle size of less than 1 cm.
[0077] D14: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them well, and add water to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 70%.
[0078] D15: Add the compound starter composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Azotobacter chroococcum. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Azotobacter chroococcum is 30:8:10:7:10. The content of the compound starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0079] D16: Staged fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the heap close to the surface, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0080] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0081] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of straw of biochar, compact the heap.
[0082] Comparative Example 2
[0083] D21: Take dried straw 100 parts, the water content of the straw is required to be 7%, first cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0084] D22: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees, the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, to get the puffed straw particles
[0085] D23: Take 28 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0086] D24: Put the straw and bean dregs into a fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0087] D25: Add a complex starter composed of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and thermophilic geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and thermophilic geobacillus stearothermophilus is: 30:8:7:10:4. The content of the complex starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0088] D26: Staged fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the heap close to the surface, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0089] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0090] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of straw of biochar, compact the heap.
[0091] Comparative Example 3
[0092] D31: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into a crusher to break it into particles with a particle size of less than 2 mm.
[0093] D32: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees when puffing, and the pressure is greater than 0.9 Mpa when puffing, to get the puffed straw particles
[0094] D33: Take 25 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0095] D34: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0096] D35: Add a composite starter composed of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:10:7:10:4. The content of the composite starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0097] D36: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, adopt intermittent turning, turn once every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn.
[0098] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, cover nano breathable film, promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0099] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, and compact the pile.
[0100] Comparative example 4
[0101] D41: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into a crusher to break it into particles with a particle size of less than 2 mm.
[0102] D42: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees when puffing, and the pressure is greater than 0.9 Mpa when puffing, to get the puffed straw particles
[0103] D43: Take 25 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0104] D44: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0105] D45: Add a complex starter consisting of Caldicellulosiruptor, Streptomyces thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor, Streptomyces thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:8:10:10:4. The content of the complex starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0106] D46: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn the pile.
[0107] Second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, promoting actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0108] Third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening, adding 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, compacting the pile.
[0109] Comparative Example 5
[0110] D51: Take 100 kg of dried straw as the base, with a water content of 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into a crusher to crush it into particles with a particle size of less than 2 mm.
[0111] D52: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, to obtain puffed straw particles
[0112] D53: Take 28 kg of bean dregs, grind them and reserve, with an average particle size of less than 1 cm.
[0113] D54: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0114] D55: Add a complex starter consisting of Caldicellulosiruptor, Streptomyces thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor, Streptomyces thermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:8:10:7:10:4. The content of the complex starter is 1% of the mass of the straw.
[0115] D56: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-3 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn the pile.
[0116] Second stage (4-10 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0117] Third stage (11-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of straw weight of biochar, compact the pile.
[0118] Comparative Example 6
[0119] D61: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0120] D62: Put the straw into a straw puffing machine, the temperature during puffing is higher than 130 degrees, and the pressure during puffing is greater than 0.9 Mpa, to obtain puffed straw particles
[0121] D63: Take 28 parts of bean dregs, grind them and reserve, with an average particle size less than 1 cm.
[0122] D64: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%.
[0123] D65: Add a complex starter composed of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus is: 30:8:10:7:10:4. The content of the complex starter is 1% of the mass of the straw;
[0124] D66: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-4 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning once every 12 hours. Check the temperature of the pile near the surface in real time, and if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn the pile.
[0125] Second stage (5-11 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano-breathable film, to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0126] Third stage (12-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of straw weight of biochar, compact the pile.
[0127] Comparative Example 7
[0128] D71: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, and the water content of the straw is required to be 7%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into a particle size below 2 mm.
[0129] D72: Put the straw into the straw puffing machine, the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees when puffing, the pressure is greater than 0.9Mpa when puffing, and the puffed straw particles are obtained
[0130] D73: Take 28 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0131] D74: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 70%;
[0132] D75: Add a composite starter composed of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of thermophilic cellulose bacteria, thermophilic streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter paspali, and geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:8:10:7:10:4. The content of the composite starter is 1% of the mass of the straw;
[0133] D76: Subsection fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, intermittent turning, turning every 12 hours. Real-time, check the temperature of the heap close to the surface, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn over.
[0134] Second stage (6-14 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, cover nano breathable film, promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0135] Third stage (15-20 days): anaerobic ripening, add 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, and compact the heap.
[0136] Comparative example 8
[0137] D71: Take 100 parts of dried straw as the base, the water content of the straw is required to be 7%, first cut the straw into 5-10 cm, then put it into the crusher to crush the particle size below 2 mm.
[0138] D72: Put the straw into the straw puffing machine, the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees when puffing, the pressure is greater than 0.9Mpa when puffing, and the puffed straw particles are obtained
[0139] D73: Take 28 parts of bean dregs, grind them for use, and the average particle size is less than 1 cm.
[0140] D74: Put the straw and bean dregs into the fermentation tank, mix them thoroughly, add water, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 70%;
[0141] D75: adding a composite starter culture composed of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The weight ratio of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is 30:8:10:7:10:4. The content of the composite starter culture is 1% of the mass of the straw;
[0142] D76: segmented fermentation, first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, using intermittent turning, turning once every 12 hours. At real time, check the temperature of the surface of the pile, if the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, immediately turn the pile.
[0143] Second stage (6-10 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covering nano-breathable film to promote actinomycetes to form mycelium.
[0144] Third stage (11-20 days): anaerobic ripening, adding 1.2% of the weight of the straw of biochar, compacting the pile.
[0145] Test results:
[0146] Table 1
[0147]
[0148]
[0149] After fermentation, the mass of the fermented material is measured after sufficient drying.
[0150] As can be seen from the above, the present application can complete relatively complete fermentation in 20 days, greatly saving fermentation time. As can be seen from the comparative examples, when part of the components of the composite starter culture is removed, the fermentation rate is significantly reduced, and when the segmented fermentation is adjusted, the fermentation effect is also significantly reduced. In the composite microbial agent of the present application, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii secretes cellulase in a high-temperature environment, effectively decomposing the cellulose component in the straw, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus can efficiently degrade lignin with cellulase and hemicellulase produced by Bacillus subtilis, and synergistically decompose the fiber structure to greatly improve the decomposition efficiency. As an anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus stearothermophilus maintains a high-temperature fermentation environment, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, and cooperates with Lactobacillus plantarum to rapidly produce lactic acid to reduce pH value, inhibit the reproduction of spoilage bacteria, promote the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria and stabilize the fermentation system. Azotobacter chroococcum supplements the nitrogen source of the fermentation system, balances the carbon-nitrogen ratio, improves the fertilizer value of the final product, and ensures the nutritional value of subsequent field application. And using the method of segmented fermentation, the whole fermentation time is controlled within 20 days. Through the straw fermentation method of the present application, the decomposition and conversion rate can be effectively improved, and the fermentation time can be reduced.
[0151] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described.
Claims
1. A fermentation process for straw organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Using straw as a substrate, take 100 parts of sun-dried straw, where the moisture content of the straw is required to be less than 8%. First, cut the straw into 5-10 cm pieces, and then put it into a crusher to crush it into particles with a size of less than 2 mm; S2: Processing under high temperature and high pressure to obtain puffed straw particles, wherein the temperature during puffing is not less than 100 degrees and the pressure is not less than 0.9 MPa; S2: Take 25-30 parts of bean dregs and grind them into small pieces for later use. The average particle size should be less than 1 cm. S3: Place straw and bean dregs into a fermentation tank, add clean water, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65-75%; S4: adding a composite starter culture composed of thermocellulolytic bacteria, thermophilic Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, chlorosphagous nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus; wherein the weight ratio of thermocellulolytic bacteria, thermophilic Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, chlorosphagous nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus is: 25-35:6-10:8-12:5-9:9-12:3-6; wherein the content of the composite starter culture is 0.9-1.2% of the mass of the straw; S5: Segmented fermentation, including three stages: the first stage is aerobic fermentation, the second stage is microaerobic fermentation, and the third stage is anaerobic after-ripening.
2. the fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The first stage (0-5 days): aerobic fermentation, with intermittent turning; The second stage (6-12 days): micro-aerobic fermentation, covered with nano breathable membrane; The third stage (13-20 days): anaerobic ripening.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: The following steps are also included: In the first stage, the pile should be turned over every 12 hours. In real time, the temperature near the surface of the pile should be checked. If the temperature of aerobic fermentation is higher than 75 degrees, the pile should be turned over immediately.
4. the fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: In the third stage, biochar is added at 1-1.5% of the weight of the straw and the pile is compacted.
5. the fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The straw in S2 is put into a straw puffing machine, and the temperature of the straw puffing machine is higher than 130 degrees and the pressure during puffing is higher than 0.9 MPa.
6. the fermentation process of straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The moisture content of the straw after sun-drying in step S1 is required to be less than 8%.