Photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and application, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production arrays, the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array comprises a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box), a photovoltaic power supply unit, an electrolyte storage unit and an intelligent regulation and control system, the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes) are connected in series and then are directly connected with the photovoltaic power supply unit through a direct current contactor, and the intelligent regulation and control system observes and dynamically regulates internal working voltage and hydrogen production current of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes) according to real-time illumination intensity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a hydrogen production array, in particular to a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and application, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production arrays. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the goal of global energy transformation, green hydrogen, as a zero-carbon energy carrier, has broad application prospects in the fields of transportation, industry, and power. However, its industrialization process is severely restricted by cost factors. From the economic efficiency of terminal alternative fuels, there are strict critical requirements for green hydrogen costs in different application scenarios: In the scenario of marine ammonia fuel, green hydrogen needs to be reduced to 10 yuan / kg or less to form an isosteric value economic replacement with 5 yuan / kg of grass oil fuel. In the field of hydrogen energy heavy trucks, green hydrogen needs to be controlled at 23.5 yuan / kg in the face of 7 yuan / L of diesel fuel. In the scenario of natural gas blending, green hydrogen needs to be less than 39 yuan / kg in isosteric value replacement, and further reduced to 14 yuan / kg in equal volume replacement. The International Energy Agency predicts that the cost of green hydrogen needs to be reduced to 20 yuan / kg to achieve industrialization. If the carbon peak requirement is to be met, the cost needs to be further reduced to less than 6 yuan / kg.

[0003] The current new energy water electrolysis green hydrogen production technology faces the problem of significantly high cost. The overall system cost is generally in the range of 28-45 yuan / kg. The core bottleneck comes from three technical links: The traditional photovoltaic photoelectric conversion rate is only 21-24%, and the electric hydrogen conversion rate is about 50%, resulting in an overall conversion efficiency of less than 15% from solar energy to hydrogen energy. For example, the overall system efficiency of ALK technology is only 50-55%, directly increasing the cost of hydrogen production.

[0004] The traditional hydrogen production system does not match the fluctuation characteristics of new energy. The maximum installed power of photovoltaic needs to be 3.14-7 times the input power, and the energy storage capacity needs to be designed according to the daily extreme weather, causing waste of equipment investment.

[0005] In the centralized hydrogen production mode, the cost of long-distance pipeline transportation or liquid storage and transportation of hydrogen accounts for 30-40%, which has a significant impact on the economic efficiency of distributed application scenarios. Therefore, a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and application are designed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and application.

[0007] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array, comprising a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box), a photovoltaic power supply unit, an electrolyte storage unit, and an intelligent control system. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) adopts a multi-layer array structure design. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units are connected in series and directly connected to the photovoltaic power supply unit via a DC contactor. The intelligent control system is used to observe and dynamically adjust the internal working voltage and hydrogen production current of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) according to the real-time light intensity.

[0008] Preferably, the photosensitive semiconductor film is combined with a catalyst to form a photoelectrode, and the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) is composed of multiple integrated photoelectrodes.

[0009] Preferably, the photovoltaic power supply unit is a common commercial photovoltaic module with a photoelectric conversion efficiency greater than 20%. The photovoltaic DC output is directly connected to a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) and its array. Depending on the power requirements of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard array, the connection method can be a 1+1 direct connection mode consisting of a single photovoltaic module and a single photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box), or an N+M mode consisting of N photovoltaic modules and M photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes). It can also be a superposition of the aforementioned 1+1 modes, that is, N 1+1 connection modes. The photovoltaic power supply unit does not require intermediate equipment such as rectification, energy storage, and power conversion.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent control system includes a PLC controller, a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage transmitter and a current transmitter, and the intelligent control system adjusts the voltage of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production unit to DC 0V-3.5V.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a hydrogen purification unit, which uses membrane separation purification technology to purify the generated hydrogen to a purity of not less than 99%, and stores it in a low-pressure storage tank with a pressure of 3 MPa.

[0012] Preferably, the electrolyte storage unit replenishes the electrolyte to the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array through the intelligent control system and ensures that the electrolyte does not solidify.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen production array is applied to the natural gas hydrogen blending scenario, and the hydrogen production array is integrated with the photovoltaic module to form a photovoltaic-hydrogen production integrated panel. The produced hydrogen is injected into the city natural gas pipeline network, and the hydrogen blending ratio is 0-30% by volume.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen production array is applied to an off-grid distributed hydrogen production scenario. The hydrogen production array, photovoltaic modules, and wind turbines form a wind-solar complementary system, and are equipped with lithium battery energy storage units to provide hydrogen for skid-mounted hydrogen refueling stations.

[0015] An application of a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array, wherein the solar-to-hydrogen conversion rate of the hydrogen production array is not less than 17%, the total system electric-to-hydrogen conversion rate is not less than 80%, and the hydrogen production cost is controlled below 20 yuan / kg. The hydrogen production array is suitable for distributed natural gas hydrogen blending and high-purity industrial hydrogen demand scenarios around towns.

[0016] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array and its application. Multiple photoelectrodes are integrated into a standard photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production unit (standard box) by combining a photosensitive semiconductor thin film with a catalyst to form photoelectrodes. Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity, which is directly fed into the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array. Under illumination, the photosensitive semiconductor photoelectrodes generate photogenerated carriers, which, in conjunction with the photovoltaic power, undergo a photoelectrically coupled hydrogen production reaction. This results in a solar-to-hydrogen conversion rate of no less than 17%, and an overall system-to-hydrogen conversion rate of no less than 80%. This represents a significant improvement over conventional hydrogen production technologies, which have lower photo-to-hydrogen and electro-to-hydrogen conversion rates, with an overall efficiency of less than 15%. This present invention significantly improves energy efficiency and reduces energy loss.

[0017] The cost of hydrogen production can be controlled below 20 yuan / kg, meeting the ideal price requirements for green hydrogen industrialization predicted by the International Energy Agency. Compared with the cost of 28-45 yuan / kg of traditional new energy water electrolysis green hydrogen production technology, it has obvious economic advantages. This makes green hydrogen more competitive in various application scenarios such as natural gas hydrogen blending and industrial hydrogen, and promotes the industrial application process of green hydrogen.

[0018] The intelligent control system can dynamically adjust the internal operating voltage and hydrogen production current of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) according to the light intensity. At the same time, the series design of the photovoltaic power supply unit and the photosensitive semiconductor photoelectrode module makes the hydrogen production array highly adaptable to the fluctuating characteristics of new energy. It does not require large-scale energy storage equipment and high installed power in traditional hydrogen production systems, reducing waste of equipment investment. For example, the maximum installed photovoltaic power of the traditional system needs to reach 3.14-7 times the input power, while the present invention can greatly reduce the installed capacity and improve the economy and flexibility of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a 1+1 mode of a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array of the present invention; Figures 2-3 This is a schematic diagram of N 1+1 modes of a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the N+M mode of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear and specific to those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0021] Photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit array: an array system composed of multiple photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes) connected together; a photoelectrode is formed based on a photosensitive semiconductor thin film combined with a catalyst, and multiple photoelectrodes are integrated to form a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box).

[0022] Photovoltaic power supply unit: ordinary commercial photovoltaic modules with a photoelectric conversion rate greater than 20%; the photovoltaic DC output is directly connected to the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit and its array. According to the power requirement parameters of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard array, the connection method can be a 1+1 direct connection mode consisting of a single photovoltaic module and a single photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box), or an N+M mode consisting of N photovoltaic modules and M photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes); it can also be a superposition of the aforementioned 1+1 mode, that is, N 1+1 connection modes, without the need for intermediate equipment such as rectification, energy storage, and power transformation.

[0023] Electrolyte storage unit: replenishes electrolyte for the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) and ensures that the electrolyte does not solidify; Intelligent control system: PLC controller, integrated light intensity sensor, temperature sensor, voltage transmitter and current transmitter.

[0024] The specific working process is as follows: the photovoltaic module converts solar energy into DC electricity, which is directly input into the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box). The photosensitive semiconductor photoelectrode generates photogenerated carriers under light, and cooperates with the photovoltaic electricity to carry out photoelectric coupling hydrogen production reaction. The intelligent control system observes and dynamically adjusts the internal operating voltage and hydrogen production current of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) according to the real-time light intensity.

[0025] Key parameters, solar hydrogen conversion rate: greater than 17% (under standard light intensity of 1000W / m²); Total system electricity-to-hydrogen conversion rate: greater than 80%; Hydrogen production cost: 20 yuan / kg; System response time: ≤0.1 seconds (light fluctuation ±10%); Example 1: Device Design A dedicated hydrogen production device is designed for the scenario of natural gas blending with hydrogen (20% hydrogen volume ratio): Core components: Photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) (area greater than 0.1m²); Integrated structure: photovoltaic-hydrogen production integrated panel (photovoltaic modules and photoelectrodes are arranged in a staggered manner) Control module: MPPT controller (efficiency ≥ 98%), real-time matching of light and impedance of photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit (standard box); Safety system: hydrogen concentration sensor (detection limit 10ppm), linked emergency shut-off valve.

[0026] Example 2: System Architecture: Targeting the off-grid hydrogen production needs in remote areas, a wind-solar complementary system is constructed: Energy unit: 5kW photovoltaic module + 2 1.5kW wind turbines; Hydrogen production unit: 4 sets of 1kW photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units (standard boxes) (parallel configuration); Energy storage unit: lithium battery with a capacity of approximately 12kWh; Terminal equipment: skid-mounted hydrogen refueling station (35MPa refueling capacity); Example 3: System integration solution proposes an innovative model of photovoltaic-electricity synergistic hydrogen production: Photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array: 20kW photosensitive semiconductor photoelectric hydrolysis hydrogen production standard unit (standard box) (divided into 4 groups in parallel); Energy unit: 5kW photovoltaic module; Energy management system: PV panel priority power supply mode (when the light intensity is ≥800W / m²); grid supplementary power supply mode (when the light intensity is low); Dynamic load regulation (10-100% power range) of the standard unit (standard box) for photosensitive semiconductor photoelectric hydrolysis hydrogen production; Collaborative working mechanism: Under illumination, the photoelectrode couples with the photovoltaic direct current to form a photoelectrically coupled hydrogen production reaction; under fluctuating light intensity, the photoelectrode can achieve real-time matching of voltage and current with the photovoltaic, perfectly matching the photovoltaic output photocurrent and voltage under fluctuating light.

[0027] When there is insufficient light, the photoelectrode can still keep working by powering the grid. Real-time optimization of system efficiency (based on neural network prediction model); Example 4: Site design targets hydrogen refueling needs in the transportation sector and builds an integrated system: Hydrogen production unit: 100kW photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array (supporting 200kW photovoltaic); Hydrogen storage unit: 35 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (total capacity 500 Nm³); Hydrogenation unit: 35MPa / 70MPa dual-gun hydrogenation machine (filling rate 5kg / min); Intelligent management system: vehicle-hydrogen-network linkage dispatching platform.

[0028] The above is only a further embodiment of the present invention, and the configuration described can expand or reduce the capacity range according to the application scenario requirements; the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with this technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention within the scope disclosed by the present invention, which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array, comprising: Photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit, photovoltaic power supply unit, electrolyte storage unit and intelligent control system; The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit adopts a multi-layer array structure design. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units are connected in series and directly connected to the photovoltaic power supply unit via a DC contactor. The intelligent control system observes and dynamically adjusts the internal operating voltage and hydrogen production current of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit according to the real-time light intensity.

2. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 1, characterized in that: A photosensitive semiconductor film is combined with a catalyst to form a photoelectrode. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit is composed of multiple integrated photoelectrodes.

3. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power supply unit is a common commercial photovoltaic module with a photoelectric conversion rate greater than 20%; The photovoltaic DC output is directly connected to the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array. Depending on the power requirement parameters of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard array, the connection method can be a 1+1 direct connection mode consisting of a single photovoltaic module and a single photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit, or an N+M mode consisting of N photovoltaic modules and M photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard units; Or it can be a superposition of the aforementioned 1+1 mode, i.e. N 1+1 connection modes; The photovoltaic power supply unit does not require rectification, energy storage, power transformation and other equipment.

4. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intelligent control system includes a PLC controller, a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage transmitter and a current transmitter. The intelligent control system adjusts the voltage of the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production unit to a DC 0V-3.5V.

5. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a hydrogen purification unit, which uses membrane separation purification technology to purify the generated hydrogen to a purity of not less than 99% and store it in a low-pressure storage tank with a pressure of 3MPa.

6. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrolyte storage unit replenishes the electrolyte to the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production standard unit array through the intelligent control system and ensures that the electrolyte does not solidify.

7. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen production array is applied to the natural gas hydrogen blending scenario. The hydrogen production array is integrated with the photovoltaic module to form a photovoltaic-hydrogen production integrated panel. The produced hydrogen is injected into the city's natural gas pipeline network, and the hydrogen blending ratio is 0-30% by volume.

8. The photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen production array is applied to an off-grid distributed hydrogen production scenario, and the hydrogen production array, photovoltaic modules, and wind turbines form a wind-solar complementary system.

9. An application of a photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array, based on the photosensitive semiconductor hydrogen production array according to claims 1-8, characterized in that: The solar-to-hydrogen conversion rate of the hydrogen production array is not less than 17%, the total system electric-to-hydrogen conversion rate is not less than 80%, and the hydrogen production cost is controlled below 20 yuan / kg. It is suitable for distributed natural gas hydrogen blending and high-purity industrial hydrogen demand scenarios around towns.

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