Ecological slope protection drainage method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological slope protection drainage method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection engineering. The slope body is provided with a water guide blind ditch and an inclined drainage hole channel, a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is embedded in the hole channel, an outlet of the drainage pipe is communicated with the water guide blind ditch, and a stilling pool is arranged at the tail end of the blind ditch; a three-dimensional composite drainage net is laid on the slope surface, a vegetation matrix layer and a vegetation concrete layer are sequentially laid on the slope surface, and shrub seedlings are planted in the vegetation matrix layer and the vegetation concrete layer. The method can be used for deep drainage of slope surfaces and slope bodies in ecological slope protection engineering, the stability of the slope bodies is improved, and ecological vegetation is considered.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection engineering. More particularly, the present application relates to an ecological slope protection drainage method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In ecological slope protection engineering, slope surface protection and slope deep drainage are the core links to ensure slope stability and ecological vegetation. However, the existing slope drainage methods cannot balance the water retention required by ecological vegetation and the drainage efficiency required by slope stability. In terms of slope surface protection, the existing structures often cannot balance the needs of water retention and drainage. For example, some schemes use a single vegetation layer or a concrete layer. If the water permeability of the vegetation substrate is too poor, rainwater will accumulate on the surface, causing the substrate to soften and lose and the shrub seedlings to rot. If the water permeability is too strong, water will quickly seep, and the water retention required for vegetation growth cannot be met. In terms of slope deep drainage, the aperture and distribution density of the drainage pipe are designed randomly. Either the aperture is too small and is blocked by fine particles, or the distribution is uneven, causing local drainage pressure to concentrate and reducing the durability of the overall drainage system. The technical problems described above need to be solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides an ecological slope protection drainage method that can simultaneously drain the slope surface and the slope deep layer, improve slope stability, and consider ecological vegetation.

[0004] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages of the present application, an ecological slope protection drainage method is provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Slope deep drainage: A water guide underground ditch is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface. The bottom width of the water guide underground ditch is 300-400 mm, and the depth is 500-600 mm. A graded gravel layer with a thickness of 100-150 mm is laid on the bottom of the ditch. The particle size of the gravel is 20-40 mm; An inclined drainage hole is opened at an interval of 8-10 m along the longitudinal direction of the slope surface. The drainage hole forms an angle of 40-45° with the horizontal plane. The hole depth penetrates 1.5-2 m below the potential sliding surface. The hole diameter is 110-130 mm; A double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is nested and installed in the drainage hole. The outer diameter of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is 80-100 mm. The outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is wrapped with 200-300 g / m 2 of needled geotextile. The inlet end of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is closed. The pipe wall is provided with water permeable holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The longitudinal spacing of the water permeable holes is 150-200 mm, and 4-6 rows are arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction; Connect the outlet of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe to the side wall of the water diversion ditch, and set a filter bag at the connection. The filter bag is filled with gravel with a particle size of 5-10 mm and is covered with 400 g / m 2 woven geotextiles; A stilling pool is set at the end of the water diversion culvert, and the volume of the stilling pool is 2-3 m 3 , the bottom of the pool is paved with a pebble layer with a thickness of 200-300mm and a pebble particle size of 50-80 mm; (2) Slope surface protection: Lay a three-dimensional composite drainage net on the slope. The three-dimensional composite drainage net is made of a thermal composite of an upper biaxially stretched geogrid, a middle layer of water-conducting ribs, and a lower layer of non-woven geotextile. The water-conducting ribs are 5-8 mm high and spaced 20-25 mm apart. A 100-120 mm thick vegetation matrix layer is laid on top of the three-dimensional composite drainage net. The vegetation matrix layer is composed of ceramsite with a particle size of 2-5 mm, humus soil and slow-release fertilizer mixed in a mass ratio of 5:4:1. A vegetation concrete layer with a thickness of 80-100 mm is sprayed on the surface of the vegetation matrix layer. The vegetation concrete has a compressive strength of 3-5 MPa and a porosity of 25-30%. Shrub seedlings are planted at a depth of 40-50 mm before initial setting.

[0005] Preferably, the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe is provided with through holes, which are evenly arranged in 4-6 rows in the circumferential direction and staggered with the water-permeable holes. A tightening structure is provided between the inner wall of the drainage channel and the outer wall of the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe, which includes: The tightening ring includes 4-6 groups of first mounting seats, arc-shaped connecting seats, second mounting seats, and arc-shaped connecting seats hinged in sequence. The first mounting seats are provided with three assembly holes, and the second mounting seats are provided with two assembly holes. 4-6 groups of first column assemblies, one group of first column assemblies is installed on one first mounting seat, the first column assembly includes a tightening column and a pair of first support columns, the tightening column is fixedly provided in the middle assembly hole of the first mounting seat and movably provided in the through hole of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe, and the pair of first support columns are movably provided in the assembly holes on both sides of the first mounting seat and fixed by nuts, the heads of the tightening column and the pair of first support columns are both spherical and abut against the inner wall of the drainage channel; 4-6 groups of second column assemblies, one group of second column assemblies is installed on a second mounting seat, the second column assembly includes a pair of second support columns, a pair of second support columns are movably passed through the two assembly holes of the second mounting seat and are fixed by nuts, and the heads of the pair of second support columns are both spherical surfaces, which are in contact with the outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe.

[0006] Preferably, liquid level sensors are provided at intervals of 3-5 m in the water flow direction in the water diversion culvert, the measurement range of the liquid level sensors being 0-300 mm, a first electric regulating valve is provided at the entrance of the drainage channel, and the liquid level sensor and the first electric regulating valve are both electrically connected to the drainage controller; The drainage controller is configured as follows: When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is ≤100 mm, it is determined to be in normal drainage state and the first electric regulating valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is 100-200 mm, it is determined that it is the early stage of rainfall or the water inflow is increasing, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is increased to 50-60%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water-conducting culvert is greater than 200 mm, it is determined to be heavy rainfall or concentrated water inflow, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is controlled to increase to 100%.

[0007] Preferably, a first pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m after the starting end of the rear section of the drain pipe, a second pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m before the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe, a flow rate sensor is installed at the transition cone section between the middle section of the drain pipe and the rear section of the drain pipe, a second electric regulating valve is provided at the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe, and a pulse flushing device is also provided at the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe to backflush from the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe into the pipe, and the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the flow rate sensor and the second electric regulating valve are all electrically connected to the drain controller; When the flow rate is greater than 0.5 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is greater than 10 kPa, the opening of the second electric control valve is controlled to increase by 15-20% every 5 minutes until it reaches 100%; When the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is less than 5 kPa and lasts for 30 minutes, the second electric control valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%; When the flow rate is less than 0.1 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference is greater than 20 kPa, close the second electric regulating valve and start the pulse flushing device.

[0008] Preferably, the pulse flushing device performs pulse flushing, with the first stage flushing at 0.2 MPa for 120 s, the second stage increasing to 0.3 MPa for 80 s, and the third stage increasing to 0.4 MPa for 60 s, wherein the flushing is 10 s and the rest is 5 s, and the flushing is terminated when the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP drops to <8 kPa.

[0009] Preferably, the pulse flushing device comprises: Backwash pump unit, whose water inlet is connected to the clean water area of ​​the stilling pool through a filter; The high-pressure bypass pipe is connected to the drain pipe outlet through a three-way valve.

[0010] Preferably, the drainage channel adopts a graded inclination design, with the front section of the channel close to the slope surface at an angle of 45° to the horizontal plane, the middle section of the channel at an angle of 40° to the horizontal plane, and the rear section of the channel at an angle of 35°, which is 1 / 3 of the length deep into the slope. The double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is coaxially arranged with the drainage channel and is synchronously divided into three sections along the length direction. Four rows of water-permeable holes are evenly arranged circumferentially on the wall of the front section and the middle section of the drainage pipe, with a hole diameter of 8 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. Six rows of water-permeable holes are evenly arranged circumferentially on the wall of the rear section of the drainage pipe, with a hole diameter of 10 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 150 mm.

[0011] Preferably, a transition cone section is provided at the junction of the three sections of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe. The length of the transition cone section is 200-300 mm. The outer wall of the transition cone section adopts a gradual corrugated structure. The corrugation depth is 5 mm in the front section of the drainage pipe, 8 mm in the middle section of the drainage pipe, and 10 mm in the rear section of the drainage pipe. The aperture of the water permeable hole of the transition cone section is set according to the upstream pipe section.

[0012] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention realizes the balance between surface water retention and drainage through the coordinated design of slope surface protection and deep slope drainage, and the three-dimensional composite drainage network and vegetation matrix layer, thereby ensuring the growth of shrubs; double-wall corrugated drainage pipes, water diversion ditches, etc. effectively guide deep seepage water, reduce the risk of slope sliding, and take into account both ecological vegetation and slope stability.

[0013] Second, the tightening structure of the present invention stably supports the drainage pipe through the adjustable column assembly, and the arc-shaped connecting seat adapts to the annular gap, ensuring that the drainage pipe is coaxial and the gap is uniform, avoiding offset and clogging of the water permeable hole, ensuring the stability of the water flow space, and improving the durability of the drainage system.

[0014] Third, the present invention dynamically adjusts water inlet based on liquid level, balances water retention and drainage, accurately controls outlets through pressure and flow rate monitoring, and efficiently clears blockages through stepped pulse flushing, forming a dynamic control system to improve drainage efficiency and stability.

[0015] Fourth, the present invention adapts the seepage paths of different depths of the slope through graded inclination angles, quickly guides shallow water in the front section, and densifies the permeable holes in the back section to enhance deep collection; by setting the transition cone section, the water flow resistance is reduced through the gradual structure, the targeted seepage collection is improved, and the smoothness of drainage is guaranteed.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1This is a structural schematic diagram of a tightening structure of a technical solution of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0019] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0020] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or integrally connected or set. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In order to solve the problems of poor coordination between surface protection and deep drainage in existing ecological slope protection, easy accumulation of water in the surface layer and poor deep drainage, the present invention provides an ecological slope protection drainage method, comprising the following steps: (1) Deep drainage of slopes: A water diversion ditch is set up longitudinally along the slope. First, the ditch body is excavated according to the designed position. The bottom width of the water diversion ditch is 300-400 mm and the depth is 500-600 mm. The ditch bottom needs to be leveled and have a longitudinal slope of 5‰. A graded crushed stone layer with a thickness of 100-150 mm and a particle size of 20-40 mm is laid on the ditch bottom. The crushed stone layer needs to be compacted layer by layer during laying to ensure uniform pores. Inclined drainage channels 1 are drilled at intervals of 8-10 m longitudinally on the slope surface. The channels can be drilled from the slope surface into the deep soil layer of the slope using a pneumatic drill. The drainage channels 1 are at an angle of 40-45° to the horizontal plane. The hole depth is 1.5-2 m below the potential sliding surface (a weak interface below the slope surface where shear failure and relative sliding may occur due to the action of the slope's own weight, groundwater infiltration, etc.). The hole diameter is 110-130 mm. After drilling, the debris in the hole is cleaned out. A double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 is nested in the drainage channel 1. The outer diameter of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 is 80-100 mm. The outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 is wrapped with 200-300 g / m 2 The needle-punched geotextile should be wrapped to ensure that the pipe wall is completely covered and the seams overlap by more than 10 cm. The inlet end of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 is closed, and the pipe wall is provided with water-permeable holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The longitudinal spacing of the water-permeable holes is 150-200 mm, and 4-6 rows are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction. The pipe section close to the slope is preferably arranged with 4 rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a diameter of 8 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. The pipe section deep into the slope is preferably arranged with 6 rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a diameter of 10 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 150 mm, so as to facilitate rapid water permeability and drainage.

[0022] Connect the outlet end of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 to the side wall of the water diversion ditch. The connection should be reserved with an insertion depth of 10-15 cm, and a filter bag should be set at the connection. The filter bag is filled with gravel with a particle size of 5-10 mm and covered with 400 g / m 2 Woven geotextiles must be compacted and tightly packed when filling; An energy dissipation pool is set at the end of the water diversion culvert. The energy dissipation pool can be built with mortar masonry. The volume of the energy dissipation pool is 2-3m 3 A pebble layer with a thickness of 200-300 mm and a particle size of 50-80 mm is laid on the bottom of the pool. The pebbles must be arranged evenly during laying to ensure that the water flow can be discharged after dissipating energy through the pebble layer.

[0023] (2) Slope surface protection: First, the slope surface is leveled and cleaned to remove loose soil and gravel. A three-dimensional composite drainage net is laid on the slope surface. The three-dimensional composite drainage net is made of a thermal composite of an upper biaxially stretched geogrid, a middle layer of water-conducting ribs, and a lower layer of non-woven geotextile. The biaxially stretched geogrid can be made of polypropylene, and the water-conducting ribs can be made of polyethylene. The water-conducting ribs face upward, are 5-8 mm high, and are spaced 20-25 mm apart. When laying, ensure that the drainage net fits the slope surface, and the edges are fixed to the slope base with fixing nails. A 100-120 mm thick vegetation matrix layer is laid on top of the three-dimensional composite drainage net. The vegetation matrix layer is composed of a mixture of 2-5 mm ceramsite, humus soil, and slow-release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:1. When laying, it needs to be evenly flattened and lightly pressed to ensure that it fits the lower drainage net; A vegetation concrete layer with a thickness of 80-100 mm is sprayed on the surface of the vegetation matrix layer. The vegetation concrete has a compressive strength of 3-5 MPa and a porosity of 25-30%. Shrub seedlings are planted at a depth of 40-50 mm before initial setting.

[0024] Rainwater from the slope first seeps into the vegetation concrete layer, then enters the vegetation matrix through its pores. Some water is absorbed by the matrix and used for seedling growth. Excess water permeates through the matrix layer into the three-dimensional composite drainage network, where it is guided by the middle layer's water-guiding ribs to the slope bottom or near drainage channel 1. Water seeping from deeper into the slope penetrates through the walls of drainage channel 1 into the annular gaps. After being filtered by the needle-punched geotextile, it enters the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe 2 through the permeable holes, flows along the drainage pipe to the outlet, is filtered by the filter bag, and then flows into the water diversion culvert. Within the culvert, it is buffered by the graded gravel layer before flowing to the stilling basin. Finally, it is discharged after dissipating energy through the pebble layer.

[0025] In the above technical solution, through the coordinated design of surface protection and deep drainage, a balance between water retention and drainage on the slope surface is achieved to ensure the growth of shrub seedlings. At the same time, the deep groundwater in the slope is efficiently drained to reduce the risk of slope sliding. The filtration structure in each link can reduce blockage, improve the stability and durability of the drainage system, and take into account both ecology and slope stability.

[0026] In order to solve the problem that the annular gap between the drainage pipe and the drainage channel 1 is unstable and easy to deviate and affect drainage, such as Figure 1 As shown, the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe 2 is provided with through holes, that is, the through holes are located away from the circumferential area where the water-permeable holes are located, and are evenly arranged in 4-6 rows in the circumferential direction, staggered with the water-permeable holes. A tightening structure is provided between the inner wall of the drainage channel 1 and the outer wall of the double-walled corrugated drainage pipe 2, which includes: The tightening ring includes 4-6 groups of first mounting seats 3, arc-shaped connecting seats 4, second mounting seats 5, and arc-shaped connecting seats 4, which are hinged in sequence. The first mounting seats 3 and the second mounting seats 5 can be made of stainless steel, and the arc-shaped connecting seat 4 can be made of elastic steel sheet. The first mounting seat 3 is provided with three assembly holes, and the second mounting seat 5 is provided with two assembly holes. After the tightening ring is assembled as a whole, it must be coaxial with the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 and located in the middle of the annular gap; 4-6 groups of first column assemblies, one group of first column assemblies is installed on one first mounting seat 3, the first column assembly includes a tightening column 6 and a pair of first support columns 7, the tightening column 6 is fixedly provided in the middle assembly hole of the first mounting seat 3 and movably provided in the through hole of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2, and the pair of first support columns 7 are movably provided in the assembly holes on both sides of the first mounting seat 3 and fixed by nuts. The heads of the tightening column 6 and the pair of first support columns 7 are both spherical surfaces, which can be wrapped with a rubber layer and abut against the inner wall of the drainage channel 1; 4-6 groups of second column assemblies, one group of second column assemblies is installed on a second mounting seat 5, the second column assembly includes a pair of second support columns 8, a pair of second support columns 8 are movably passed through the two assembly holes of the second mounting seat 5 and are fixed by nuts, the heads of the pair of second support columns 8 are both spherical surfaces, which can be wrapped with a rubber layer and contact the outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2.

[0027] During installation, first put the tightening ring into the outer wall of the drain pipe, then install the column components in sequence, and adjust the extension length of the support column by rotating the nut until all spherical surfaces are evenly in contact (the contact pressure should feel moderate and not loose).

[0028] In the above technical solution, the tightening ring adapts to the annular gap size between the drainage channel 1 and the drainage pipe through the hinged structure of the first mounting seat 3, the arc-shaped connecting seat 4 and the second mounting seat 5, and adjusts the nuts of the first support column 7 and the second support column 8 so that the spherical surfaces of the tightening column 6 and the support column respectively contact the inner wall of the drainage channel 1 and the outer wall of the drainage pipe, and the drainage pipe is fixed in the center of the channel by using multi-directional supporting force. The elastic characteristics of the arc-shaped connecting seat 4 can absorb slight dimensional deviations, ensure uniform annular gap, avoid displacement of the drainage pipe when impacted by water flow or deformation of the slope, and ensure the water flow space of the annular gap. At the same time, the through holes and the water-permeable holes are staggered, which does not affect the seepage into the drainage pipe and improves the drainage stability.

[0029] In order to solve the problem that the water inlet rate of the drainage channel 1 cannot be adjusted according to the water volume, in another technical solution, liquid level sensors are set at intervals of 3-5 m in the water flow direction in the water diversion ditch. The liquid level sensor can be a drop-in liquid level sensor with a measuring range of 0-300 mm. The assembly position of the sensor needs to be fixed on the side wall of the ditch, with the bottom 100 mm away from the bottom of the ditch to avoid being blocked by gravel at the bottom of the ditch, and at the same time ensure that the sensing end is in full contact with the water flow. After the installation is completed, the sensor needs to be calibrated to ensure that the liquid level display is consistent with the actual water level. A first electric regulating valve is set at the entrance of the drainage channel 1. The valve can be an electric ball valve. The assembly position of the valve is the entrance end of the drainage channel 1 close to the slope, and a 50 mm straight pipe section needs to be reserved at the front end of the valve to ensure stable water flow and avoid the entrance end of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2. The valve and the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 can be connected by a flange. The connection needs to be sealed to prevent water seepage. The liquid level sensor and the first electric regulating valve are both electrically connected to the drainage controller; The drainage controller is configured as follows: When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is ≤100 mm, it is determined to be in normal drainage state and the first electric regulating valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is 100-200 mm, it is determined that it is the early stage of rainfall or the water inflow is increasing, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is increased to 50-60%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water-conducting culvert is greater than 200 mm, it is determined to be heavy rainfall or concentrated water inflow, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is controlled to increase to 100%.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the liquid level sensor monitors the water level in the water diversion ditch in real time and transmits the data to the drainage controller. The controller analyzes the liquid level data, determines the drainage status according to the preset logic, and sends instructions to the first electric control valve based on the judgment result to adjust the valve opening. Under normal conditions, the valve opening is small to preserve water. When the water inflow increases, the opening is increased to accelerate drainage. During heavy rainfall, the valve is fully opened to ensure drainage efficiency, realizing dynamic matching of drainage rate and water inflow, reducing water loss in the non-rainy period to meet the growth of vegetation, and quickly draining water during the rainy period to avoid water accumulation, thus balancing the needs of ecological vegetation and slope drainage.

[0031] In order to solve the problem that the drainage efficiency of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 outlets is difficult to control, in another technical solution, a first pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m after the starting end of the rear section of the drainage pipe, and a second pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m before the outlet of the rear section of the drainage pipe. The measurement range of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is 0-100 kPa, and the accuracy is ±0.5kPa. The assembly positions of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor must be in contact with the inner wall of the drainage pipe, and avoid the water-permeable holes and corrugated protrusions. A flow rate sensor is installed at the transition cone section between the middle section and the rear section of the drainage pipe. The measurement range is 0-2m / s and the accuracy is ±0.01 m / s, a second electric regulating valve is provided at the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe, with a nominal diameter adapted to the size of the drain pipe outlet, an assembly position coaxial with the outlet end, and connected to the drain pipe through a flange, and the connection must be sealed. A pulse flushing device is also provided at the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe, which backflushes from the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe into the pipe. The first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the flow rate sensor, and the second electric regulating valve are all electrically connected to the drain controller. Each sensor monitors the pressure and flow rate in the drain pipe in real time, and the data is transmitted to the drain controller. The drain controller calculates the inlet and outlet pressure difference and determines the drainage status in combination with the flow rate; When the flow rate is greater than 0.5 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is greater than 10 kPa, the flow rate is high but the pressure difference is large, resulting in local blockage. Control the opening of the second electric regulating valve to increase by 15-20% every 5 minutes until 100%, and gradually open the valve to reduce resistance; When the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is less than 5 kPa and lasts for 30 minutes, the pressure difference is small and stable, and the drainage is unobstructed. The second electric regulating valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%, and a small opening is maintained to retain water; When the flow rate is less than 0.1 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference is greater than 20 kPa, the flow rate is extremely low and the pressure difference is large, indicating serious blockage. Close the second electric regulating valve and start the pulse flushing device.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the blockage status is accurately judged through pressure and flow rate monitoring, and the outlet opening is dynamically adjusted or flushing is started to ensure stable drainage efficiency at the drain pipe outlet.

[0033] To solve the problem of poor flushing effect after the water permeable hole of the double-wall corrugated drain pipe 2 is blocked, in another technical scheme, the pulse flushing device performs pulse flushing. When the flushing condition is triggered, the pulse flushing device starts, first gradually increases the pressure in stages, and then intermittently flushes with high-pressure water flow. In the first stage, the pressure is 0.2 MPa, and the flushing time is 120 s. The blocked material is softened. In the second stage, the pressure is increased to 0.3 MPa, and the flushing time is 80 s. The blocked material is stripped. In the third stage, the pressure is increased to 0.4 MPa, and the pulse flushing time is 60 s. The blocked material is discharged. During the flushing process, the drain controller receives the pressure difference data of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor in real time, judges the dredging effect through the pressure difference monitoring, stops flushing when the standard is met, and terminates the flushing when the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP decreases to <8 kPa. At the same time, control the second electric regulating valve to return to the normal working state. The step-by-step pressure increase is suitable for the degree of blockage. When the blockage is slight, low pressure can dredge. When the blockage is serious, high pressure pulse enhances the effect. At the same time, it avoids damage to the pipeline caused by continuous high pressure, reduces invalid energy consumption, and improves the blockage dredging efficiency.

[0034] To solve the problem of water supply for the pulse flushing device, in another technical scheme, the pulse flushing device comprises: The backwashing pump set can select a horizontal centrifugal pump. The water inlet is connected to the stilling basin clean water area through a filter; The high-pressure bypass pipe has one end connected to the water outlet of the backwashing pump set and the other end connected to the outlet of the rear section of the drain pipe through a three-way valve. The three interfaces of the three-way valve are connected to the drain pipe outlet, the high-pressure bypass pipe and the downstream drain pipeline (leading to the water guide underground channel) respectively to ensure the sealing of the interfaces and smooth switching.

[0035] When normal drainage, the three-way valve is in a state of communication between the drain pipe outlet and the downstream pipeline, and the high-pressure bypass pipe is closed. The water flows directly into the water guide underground channel through the drain pipe outlet; when flushing is needed, the drain controller sends a signal, the three-way valve switches to a state of communication between the high-pressure bypass pipe and the drain pipe outlet, and the backwashing pump set is started at the same time. The stilling basin clean water is filtered through the filter and then enters the pump set. The pressurized water flow enters the drain pipe in the opposite direction through the high-pressure bypass pipe and the three-way valve to flush the water permeable hole. After the flushing is completed, the pump set stops working, and the three-way valve switches back to the normal drainage state.

[0036] In the above technical scheme, water is taken from the stilling basin clean water area and filtered to reduce impurities entering the drain pipe and causing secondary blockage. The three-way valve is used to achieve convenient switching between flushing and drainage to ensure reliable operation of the device and improve the stability of the flushing process.

[0037] In order to solve the problem of uneven collection of deep seepage water due to a single inclination angle between the drainage channel 1 and the drainage pipe, in another technical solution, the drainage channel 1 adopts a graded inclination design. The channel is first positioned using a total station. After the channel entrance position is determined, a down-the-hole drill is used to drill the hole. The angle between the front section of the channel close to 1 / 3 of the length of the slope and the horizontal plane is 45°, the angle between the middle section of the channel in the middle 1 / 3 of the length and the horizontal plane is 40°, and the angle between the rear section of the channel that penetrates 1 / 3 of the length of the slope is 35°. After each section of drilling is completed, the inclination angle needs to be detected with an inclinometer to ensure that the error does not exceed ±1°. The double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2 is coaxially arranged with the drainage channel 1 and is synchronously divided into three sections along the length direction. During installation, the three sections of drainage pipes are connected by hot-melt welding to ensure that the joints are tight. The front section and the middle section of the drainage pipe are equipped with 4 rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a hole diameter of 8 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. The rear section of the drainage pipe is equipped with 6 rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a hole diameter of 10 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 150 mm. The water-permeable holes in each section of the drainage pipe need to be staggered to avoid the formation of a straight water flow channel.

[0038] In the above technical solution, shallow seepage water near the slope can quickly flow into the front section of the drainage pipe due to the large 45° inclination of the front section of the channel; middle-layer seepage water passes through the 40° inclination channel in the middle section and enters the pipe through the water holes in the middle section of the drainage pipe; deep seepage water is more easily collected and enters the rear section of the drainage pipe due to the small inclination of the rear section of the channel (35°) and the denser water holes (6 rows of 10mm aperture). The water flow in the three sections of the drainage pipe is finally discharged into the water diversion ditch. Through the differentiated design of graded inclination angles and water holes, it adapts to the seepage paths of different depths of the slope, improves the collection capacity of deep seepage water, makes drainage more targeted, and enhances the overall drainage efficiency.

[0039] In order to solve the problem of large water flow resistance at the junction of the drainage pipe sections, in another technical solution, a transition cone section is provided at the junction of the three sections of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 2. The transition cone section is made of the same high-density polyethylene material as the main drainage pipe and is integrally formed through an injection molding process. The large end of the transition cone section is consistent with the outer diameter of the downstream drainage pipe section, and the small end is consistent with the outer diameter of the upstream drainage pipe section. The taper is 1:10-15, and the length of the transition cone section is 200-300 mm. The outer wall of the transition cone section adopts a gradual corrugated structure, and the corrugation depth is 5 mm in the front section of the drainage pipe, 8 mm in the middle section of the drainage pipe, and 10 mm in the rear section of the drainage pipe. The pitch of the corrugation remains consistent with the main drainage pipe to ensure that the water can flow smoothly along the corrugation, and the aperture of the water permeable hole of the transition cone section is set with the upstream pipe section. When water flows from the front section of the drainage pipe into the transition cone section, it smoothly transitions to the middle section due to the guidance of the gradual corrugated structure; the same is true when it enters the rear section from the middle section. The gradual design of the transition cone section avoids the formation of vortices at the junction of the sections, reduces water flow resistance and impurity deposition, improves drainage smoothness, and extends the service life of the drainage pipe.

[0040] The number of devices and processing stages described herein are used to simplify the description of the application. Applications, modifications and variations of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the general concept of the application.

[0041] While the embodiments of the application have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments, but can be applied to various fields suitable for the application, and additional modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art, and thus the application is not limited to specific details and the figures shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept of the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. Ecological slope protection and drainage method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Deep drainage of slopes: A water diversion ditch is set longitudinally along the slope surface. The bottom width of the water diversion ditch is 300-400 mm and the depth is 500-600 mm. The bottom of the ditch is paved with a graded gravel layer with a thickness of 100-150 mm and a crushed stone particle size of 20-40 mm. Drainage holes are opened at intervals of 8-10 m on the slope surface. The drainage holes are at an angle of 40-45° to the horizontal plane, with a depth of 1.5-2 m below the potential sliding surface and a hole diameter of 110-130 mm. A double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is nested in the drainage channel. The outer diameter of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is 80-100 mm. The outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is wrapped with 200-300 g / m 2 The needle-punched geotextile is made of a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe, the inlet end of which is closed, and the pipe wall is provided with water-permeable holes with an aperture of 8-10 mm, the longitudinal spacing of the water-permeable holes is 150-200 mm, and 4-6 rows are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction; Connect the outlet of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe to the side wall of the water diversion ditch, and set a filter bag at the connection. The filter bag is filled with gravel with a particle size of 5-10 mm and coated with 400 g / m 2 woven geotextiles; A stilling pool is set at the end of the water diversion culvert, and the volume of the stilling pool is 2-3 m 3 , the bottom of the pool is paved with a pebble layer with a thickness of 200-300 mm and a pebble particle size of 50-80 mm; (2) Slope surface protection: Lay a three-dimensional composite drainage net on the slope. The three-dimensional composite drainage net is made of a thermal composite of an upper biaxially stretched geogrid, a middle layer of water-conducting ribs, and a lower layer of non-woven geotextile. The water-conducting ribs are 5-8 mm high and spaced 20-25 mm apart. A 100-120 mm thick vegetation matrix layer is laid on top of the three-dimensional composite drainage net. The vegetation matrix layer is composed of a mixture of 2-5 mm ceramsite, humus soil, and slow-release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:

1. A vegetation concrete layer with a thickness of 80-100 mm is sprayed on the surface of the vegetation matrix layer. The vegetation concrete has a compressive strength of 3-5 MPa and a porosity of 25-30%. Shrub seedlings are planted at a depth of 40-50 mm before initial setting.

2. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is provided with through holes, which are evenly arranged in 4-6 rows in the circumferential direction and staggered with the water-permeable holes. A tightening structure is provided between the inner wall of the drainage channel and the outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe, which includes: The tightening ring includes 4-6 groups of first mounting seats, arc-shaped connecting seats, second mounting seats, and arc-shaped connecting seats hinged in sequence. The first mounting seats are provided with three assembly holes, and the second mounting seats are provided with two assembly holes. 4-6 groups of first column assemblies, one group of first column assemblies is installed on one first mounting seat, the first column assembly includes a tightening column and a pair of first support columns, the tightening column is fixedly provided in the middle assembly hole of the first mounting seat and movably provided in the through hole of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe, and the pair of first support columns are movably provided in the assembly holes on both sides of the first mounting seat and fixed by nuts, the heads of the tightening column and the pair of first support columns are both spherical and abut against the inner wall of the drainage channel; 4-6 groups of second column assemblies, one group of second column assemblies is installed on a second mounting seat, the second column assembly includes a pair of second support columns, a pair of second support columns are movably passed through the two assembly holes of the second mounting seat and are fixed by nuts, and the heads of the pair of second support columns are both spherical surfaces, which are in contact with the outer wall of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe.

3. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Liquid level sensors are installed in the water diversion ditch at intervals of 3-5 m along the water flow direction. The measurement range of the liquid level sensors is 0-300 mm. A first electric regulating valve is installed at the entrance of the drainage channel. The liquid level sensor and the first electric regulating valve are both electrically connected to the drainage controller. The drainage controller is configured as follows: When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is ≤100 mm, it is determined to be in normal drainage state and the first electric regulating valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water diversion culvert is 100-200 mm, it is determined that it is the early stage of rainfall or the water inflow is increasing, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is increased to 50-60%; When the liquid level sensor detects that the average liquid level in the water-conducting culvert is greater than 200 mm, it is determined to be heavy rainfall or concentrated water inflow, and the opening of the first electric regulating valve is controlled to increase to 100%.

4. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m after the starting end of the rear section of the drainage pipe, a second pressure sensor is installed 0.1 m before the outlet of the rear section of the drainage pipe, a flow rate sensor is installed at the transition cone section between the middle section of the drainage pipe and the rear section of the drainage pipe, a second electric regulating valve is set at the outlet of the rear section of the drainage pipe, and a pulse flushing device is also set at the outlet of the rear section of the drainage pipe to backflush from the outlet of the rear section of the drainage pipe into the pipe. The first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the flow rate sensor and the second electric regulating valve are all electrically connected to the drainage controller; When the flow rate is greater than 0.5 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is greater than 10 kPa, the opening of the second electric control valve is controlled to increase by 15-20% every 5 minutes until it reaches 100%; When the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP is less than 5 kPa and lasts for 30 minutes, the second electric control valve is controlled to maintain an opening of 20-30%; When the flow rate is less than 0.1 m / s and the inlet and outlet pressure difference is greater than 20 kPa, close the second electric regulating valve and start the pulse flushing device.

5. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pulse flushing device performs pulse flushing, with the first stage flushing at 0.2 MPa for 120 s, the second stage increasing to 0.3 MPa for 80 s, and the third stage increasing to 0.4 MPa for 60 s, wherein the flushing is 10 s and the rest is 5 s. When the inlet and outlet pressure difference ΔP drops to <8 kPa, the flushing is terminated.

6. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pulse flushing device comprises: Backwash pump unit, whose water inlet is connected to the clean water area of ​​the stilling pool through a filter; The high-pressure bypass pipe is connected to the drain pipe outlet through a three-way valve.

7. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage channel adopts a graded inclination design. The front section of the channel close to the slope surface has an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, the middle section of the channel in the middle 1 / 3 of the length has an angle of 40° with the horizontal plane, and the rear section of the channel in the slope has an angle of 35°. The double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is coaxial with the drainage channel and is synchronously divided into three sections along the length direction. The front section and the middle section of the drainage pipe have four rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a hole diameter of 8 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. The rear section of the drainage pipe has six rows of water-permeable holes evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, with a hole diameter of 10 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 150 mm.

8. The ecological slope protection and drainage method according to claim 7, characterized in that: A transition cone section is provided at the junction of the three sections of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe. The length of the transition cone section is 200-300 mm. The outer wall of the transition cone section adopts a gradual corrugated structure. The corrugation depth is 5 mm in the front section of the drainage pipe, 8 mm in the middle section of the drainage pipe, and 10 mm in the rear section of the drainage pipe. The aperture of the water permeable hole of the transition cone section is set according to the upstream pipe section.

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