Mining method of inclined coal seam

Abstract

The invention provides a mining method for an inclined coal seam, and relates to the technical field of coal mining. The mining method comprises the steps of presetting an inclined coal seam category determination method; presetting mining methods of different types of inclined coal seams; obtaining thickness data and inclination ratio data of a target coal seam, and determining the type of the inclined coal seam according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset inclined coal seam type determination method; and determining a corresponding mining method for mining by adopting the mining methods of the determined category and the preset different categories of inclined coal seams.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a mining method of inclined coal seam. BACKGROUND

[0002] Inclined coal seam refers to coal seam with a dip angle greater than 25°, which is difficult to mine and has high technical requirements. China is rich in inclined coal seam resources, but due to complex geological conditions, the mining technology is relatively backward, and there are many challenges. According to statistics, more than half of the inclined coal seam is high-quality coking coal and anthracite.

[0003] At present, for inclined coal seam, the commonly used mining methods include reverse bench method, pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method, horizontal slicing mining method and warehouse mining method, etc. However, these commonly used mining methods are relatively backward, and have problems such as low mining efficiency, high mining cost, and serious resource waste.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a mining method of inclined coal seam.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a mining method of inclined coal seam is provided, which comprises: a determination method of preset inclined coal seam category, when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category; The preset mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seams are as follows: the first category is mined by using a first mining method, the second category is mined by using a second mining method, the third category is mined by using a third mining method, the fourth category is mined by using a fourth mining method, the fifth category is mined by using a fifth mining method, the sixth category is mined by using a sixth mining method, the seventh category is mined by using a seventh mining method, the eighth category is mined by using an eighth mining method, and the ninth category is mined by using a ninth mining method. The first mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type 110 method or an N00 method, the second mining method comprises a caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method, the third mining method comprises a caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type layer-by-layer 110 method or an N00 method, the fifth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type layer-by-layer 110 method or an N00 method, the eighth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method. The thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam are acquired, and the category of the inclined coal seam is determined according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the determination method of the preset categories of inclined coal seams. The determined category is used to determine the corresponding mining method for mining according to the preset mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seams.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the scraper self-sluicing type 110 method or the N00 method comprises the following steps: forming a coal mining face, a transportation crossheading, a track crossheading, a first track downhole, a first transportation downhole, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, arranging an inclined longwall face, descending a coal cutter to cut coal, ascending the coal cutter to cut no coal, using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, automatically sluicing the coal in the working face along a special scraper, entering the transportation downhole along the transportation crossheading, and finally discharging the coal from the first main shaft.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method comprises the following steps: forming a second main shaft, a second auxiliary shaft and a blasting line, using a two-dimensional blasting technique to perform sublevel caving mining, and automatically sluicing the caved coal to the bottom roadway and transporting the caved coal out under the action of gravity.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the scraper self-rolling layering 110 method or N00 method comprises: forming an upper layer mining face, a lower layer mining face, an upper layer transportation crossheading, a lower layer transportation crossheading, an upper layer rail crossheading, a second rail downhole, a second transportation downhole, a third main shaft and a third auxiliary shaft; arranging two or three layers of inclined longwall faces, and performing top-down layering mining, with a coal cutter descending to cut coal and ascending to idle, and using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, the working face rolls coal along the special scraper, enters the transportation downhole along the transportation crossheading, and finally discharges coal from the third main shaft.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth mining method is the same as the sixth mining method.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth mining method and the sixth mining method are both the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a strike working face.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a strike working face comprises: forming a first lower segment mining face, a first upper segment goaf, a first N00 method self-lane, a first coal rolling channel, a fourth main shaft and a fourth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along the strike of the coal seam and dividing it into multiple segments, and mining from left to right, each segment using N00 method fully mechanized top coal caving technology, after the working face discharges coal blocks, using belt transportation to transport to the first coal rolling channel, and then discharging coal from the fourth main shaft.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the eighth mining method is the same as the ninth mining method.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the eighth mining method and the ninth mining method are both the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a dip working face.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a dip working face comprises: forming a second lower segment mining face, a second upper segment goaf, a second N00 method self-lane, a second coal rolling channel, a fifth main shaft and a fifth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along the dip of the coal seam and dividing it into multiple segments, and mining from top to bottom, each segment using N00 method fully mechanized top coal caving technology, using the second coal rolling channel to transport coal, using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks to make the coal blocks slide to the second coal rolling channel, and then using belt transportation to the fifth main shaft to discharge coal.

[0016] The mining method of the inclined coal seam provided by the present disclosure is aimed at the complex geological conditions of the inclined coal seam, and the combinations of thickness and inclination ratio are different. Nine categories of classification methods are divided, with thickness three intervals (<20m, 20-50m, >50m) combined with inclination ratio three intervals (1-2, 2-3, >3) as dimensions, to achieve fine division of the coal seam; the stress field, gas migration channel, and surrounding rock stability of different categories of coal seams are significantly different, such as the first category (<20m thick, 1-2 inclination ratio) coal seam, which is small in thickness and relatively slow in inclination, and the roof pressure distribution is more uniform during mining; while the ninth category (>50m thick, >3 inclination ratio) coal seam is thick and has a large inclination, and mining faces high stress concentration and high risk of coal wall spalling, the classification system accurately distinguishes these differences, provides geological reference for subsequent mining method adaptation, and solves the problem that traditional mining is difficult to adapt to complex geological conditions. After classification, the mining method is pre-set according to the needs, such as the first category matching the scraper self-sliding 110 method, to realize the deep adaptation of the mining method to the geological conditions and break through the bottleneck of low mechanization and poor efficiency of traditional methods. At the same time, the process of "data acquisition-category determination-method matching" lays the foundation for intelligent mining decision-making, enabling the mine to quickly select and optimize the mining scheme according to accurate geological data, improve resource recovery rate, make up for the shortcomings of traditional methods, reduce the risk of gas overrun and mining cost, promote the transformation of inclined coal seam mining to a safe, efficient and green modern mode, adapt to the diversified needs of new mine geology, and release the development potential of high-quality coking coal and anthracite resources.

[0017] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and are not limiting to the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form part of the specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 The flowchart of the inclined coal seam sublevel mining method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the scraper self-sliding 110 method or N00 method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the scraper self-sliding sublevel 110 method or N00 method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4A schematic view of a caving sublevel mining method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic view of a drawbell sublevel N00 method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic view of a drawbell sublevel N00 method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 11, inclined longwall mining face; 12, haulway; 13, trackway; 14, first trackway down; 15, first haulway down; 16, first main shaft; 17, first auxiliary shaft; 21, second main shaft; 22, second auxiliary shaft; 23, blasting line; 24, coal haulage roadway; 311, upper sublevel mining face; 312, lower sublevel mining face; 321, upper sublevel trackway; 322, lower sublevel trackway; 331, upper sublevel haulway; 332, lower sublevel haulway; 34, second trackway down; 35, second haulway down; 36, third main shaft; 37, third auxiliary shaft; 41, first lower sublevel mining face; 42, first upper sublevel goaf; 43, first N00 method self- formed roadway; 44, first coal caving passage; 45, fourth main shaft; 46, fourth auxiliary shaft; 51, second lower sublevel mining face; 52, second upper sublevel goaf; 53, second N00 method self- formed roadway; 54, second coal caving passage; 55, fifth main shaft; 56, fifth auxiliary shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Example embodiments now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments, however, can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the figures, and descriptions of the same elements can be omitted from the detailed description.

[0027] Although relative terms such as "upper", "lower", etc. are used herein to describe one component's relationship to another component, these terms are used herein for ease of description only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are used in this disclosure in relation to the illustrated example, and that the illustrated example can be flipped over so that the upper component becomes the lower component, and vice versa. When a structure is "on" another structure, it can mean that the structure is formed integrally with the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" on the other structure via another structure.

[0028] The terms "one", "a", "an", "the", and "at least one" are used to indicate that "one or more" of something is present with the understanding that the term "one or more" is used in this disclosure to indicate that "at least one" of something is present. The terms "include" and "have" are used inclusively and indicate that something additional to that listed can also be present. The terms "first", "second", and "third", etc. are used as labels, and do not intend to limit the number of objects.

[0029] At present, the commonly used mining methods for inclined coal seams include the reverse bench method, the pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method, the horizontal slicing mining method, and the stockpiling mining method, etc.

[0030] The reverse bench mining method is essentially to arrange a longwall face along the strike in the inclined coal seam, and to divide the working face, which should be kept straight, into multiple small working faces, and to arrange the lower small working face ahead of the upper small working face, and the entire working face forms a reverse bench shape. This method is mainly used for thin seam mining, and is difficult to realize mechanization, has low efficiency and poor safety, and is almost not used at present.

[0031] The pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method is suitable for inclined coal seams with a large inclination angle and a coal seam thickness of 1.8-40 m. This method generally divides the inclined coal seam into 15-40 m long sections on the vertical plane, and arranges a section return air roadway (upper part) and a section transport roadway (lower part) along the strike of the coal seam for each section. A leading transport roadway is usually excavated 3-5 m above the section transport roadway, and the working face is arranged in an inclined manner between the leading transport roadway and the section return air roadway. Although this method has good safety, it has high labor intensity, poor working conditions, and is difficult to realize mechanization, and is still used in a few mines at present.

[0032] Among them, the horizontal layer mining method is mainly used for inclined coal seams with large thickness. The inclined thick coal seam is divided into several horizontal (inclined) layers with a height of 2-3 m from top to bottom, and each layer is mined from top to bottom. At present, this method is no longer used and has been replaced by the horizontal section (layer) top coal caving mining method. The stockpile mining method divides a section into several warehouses along the strike with a certain width, each warehouse has an upward inclined advancing working face arranged along the strike, and the mined coal is temporarily stored in the goaf under the working face. The top and bottom plates are temporarily supported. After the warehouse is mined, the stored coal is fully released. This method is usually used for inclined coal seams with a thickness of less than 3 m. At present, this method is no longer used.

[0033] In addition to the horizontal layer mining method, the common shortcomings of other methods are difficult to mechanize, low efficiency, poor safety, poor working conditions, high labor intensity, and therefore it is very urgent to develop new safe, efficient and green mining methods for inclined coal seams. At present, the research on mining methods for inclined coal seams still mainly uses traditional methods. However, with the diversification of the geological conditions and coal seam thickness of newly developed mines, the current mining methods have gradually become outdated, with low process efficiency, serious resource waste, low recovery rate of only 55%-65%, difficulty in gas control, high mining cost, large amount of roadway excavation, high maintenance cost, and low intelligent degree.

[0034] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mining method for inclined coal seams, as shown in Figure 1 The mining method comprises: Step S100, a determination method of preset inclined coal seam categories. When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category; Step S200, presetting different categories of inclined coal seam mining methods, the first category adopts the first mining method for mining, the second category adopts the second mining method for mining, the third category adopts the third mining method for mining, the fourth category adopts the fourth mining method for mining, the fifth category adopts the fifth mining method for mining, the sixth category adopts the sixth mining method for mining, the seventh category adopts the seventh mining method for mining, the eighth category adopts the eighth mining method for mining, the ninth category adopts the ninth mining method for mining; wherein, the first mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type 110 method or N00 method, the second mining method includes the caving self-sloping type sublevel mining method, the third mining method includes the caving self-sloping type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type layer 110 method or N00 method, the fifth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type layer 110 method or N00 method, the eighth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method; Step S300, obtaining the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam, and determining the category of the inclined coal seam according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset determination method of the inclined coal seam category; Step S400, using the determined category and the preset different categories of inclined coal seam mining methods to determine the corresponding mining method for mining.

[0035] The mining method of the inclined coal seam provided by the present disclosure is aimed at the complex geological conditions of the inclined coal seam, and the combinations of thickness and inclination ratio are different. Nine categories of classification are divided, taking the thickness three intervals (<20m, 20~50m, >50m) combined with the inclination ratio three intervals (1~2, 2~3, >3) as dimensions, to realize the fine division of the coal seam; the stress field, gas migration channel and surrounding rock stability of different categories of coal seams are significantly different, such as the first category (<20m thick, 1~2 inclination ratio) coal seam, which has small thickness and relatively slow inclination angle, and the roof pressure distribution is more uniform during mining; while the ninth category (>50m thick, >3 inclination ratio) coal seam, which is thick and has a large inclination angle, faces high stress concentration and high risk of coal wall spalling during mining. The classification system accurately distinguishes these differences, provides geological reference for subsequent mining method adaptation, and solves the problem that traditional mining is difficult to adapt to complex geological conditions. After classification, the mining method is pre-set according to the needs, such as the first category matching the scraper self-sliding 110 working method, to realize the deep adaptation of the mining method to the geological conditions and break through the bottleneck of low mechanization and poor efficiency of traditional methods. At the same time, the process of "data acquisition-category determination-method matching" lays the foundation for intelligent mining decision-making, enabling the mine to quickly select and optimize the mining scheme according to accurate geological data, improve resource recovery rate, make up for the deficiency of 55%~65% recovery rate of traditional methods, reduce the risk of gas overrun and mining cost, promote the transformation of inclined coal seam mining to a safe, efficient and green modern mode, adapt to the diversified needs of new mine geology, and release the development potential of high-quality coking coal and anthracite resources.

[0036] Specifically, referring to Table 1, the determination method of the inclined coal seam category includes: When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category.

[0037] Table 1:

[0038] Among them, the inclination ratio refers to the ratio of the inclination angle α of the coal seam to the friction angle φ. When the inclination angle of the inclined surface where the coal body is located is the friction angle φ, the coal body starts to self-sliding from the inclined surface.

[0039] For the above nine coal seam types, there are corresponding mining methods. The first category adopts the first mining method, the second category adopts the second mining method, the third category adopts the third mining method, the fourth category adopts the fourth mining method, the fifth category adopts the fifth mining method, the sixth category adopts the sixth mining method, the seventh category adopts the seventh mining method, the eighth category adopts the eighth mining method, and the ninth category adopts the ninth mining method.

[0040] Specifically, the first mining method includes the scraper self-sloping 110 method or the N00 method, the second mining method includes the caving self-sloping sublevel mining method, the third mining method includes the caving self-sloping sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method includes the scraper self-sloping 110 method or the N00 method, the fifth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method includes the scraper self-sloping 110 method or the N00 method, the eighth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method.

[0041] Among them, the 110 / N00 method is an innovative method proposed by Academician He Manchao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which uses active roof cutting to expand the caving height of the goaf, uses the self-fracture and expansion characteristics of the caving rock mass to fill the goaf, reduces the movement space of the overlying rock mass, and uses the caving rock mass and the mine pressure to automatically form a roadway, eliminating the need for coal pillars, achieving rock balance control during mining activities, and forming a new mode of balanced mining without coal pillars to save resources and protect the environment. The 110 method refers to mining "1" working face per cycle, only one recovery roadway needs to be excavated in advance, and the other is the roadway left after the recovery of the previous working face, and no section coal pillar is needed between the two working faces, i.e. "0" section coal pillar. The N00 method completely unifies the two processes of mining and excavation based on the 110 method, changes the excavation of a recovery roadway to no need to excavate a recovery roadway, realizes the mining of "N" working faces, excavates "0" roadways, and leaves "0" coal pillars. Among them, the realization of the 110 / N00 method has four overall goals: "can be pulled, can be cut, can be lowered, and can be protected". "Can be pulled" means that a constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable is needed to transfer the gravity load of the immediate roof within the roadway cutting range to the upper basic roof, "can be cut" means that the roof of the roadway and the roof of the goaf are separated by the roof directional cutting technology, cutting off the stress transmission between them, "can be lowered" means that the structure in the roadway has a certain supporting capacity to support the roof of the roadway and cut off the roof rock in the goaf, and "can be protected" means that the side needs to resist the caving of the gangue in the goaf.

[0042] The fifth mining method and the sixth mining method may be the same. For example, the fifth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method toward the working face, and the sixth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method toward the working face.

[0043] The eighth mining method and the ninth mining method may be the same. For example, the eighth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method inclined toward the working face, and the ninth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method inclined toward the working face.

[0044] For inclined coal seams with a thickness of less than 20 meters and an inclination ratio greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the scraper self-sliding 110 method or the N00 method can be used for coal mining.

[0045] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the scraper self-chute method 110 includes: arranging an inclined longwall coal mining face 11, a transport chute 12, a track chute 13, a first track downhill 14, a first transport downhill 15, a first main shaft 16 and a first auxiliary shaft 17, and the track chute 13 and the transport chute 12 are formed on both sides of the inclined longwall coal mining face 11; the first track downhill 14 and the first transport downhill 15 are connected to the track chute 13 and the transport chute 12 respectively, and are located on the side away from the inclined longwall coal mining face 11. 4 and the bottom of the first transport downhill 15 are connected to the first main shaft 16 and the first auxiliary shaft 17; when the coal is mined by the coal mining machine on the inclined longwall mining face 11, the coal is cut downward and the knife is empty when it goes up; in the process of coal mining, the inclination of the coal seam and the gravity of the coal blocks are used to make the coal falling from the working face automatically slide along the scraper, and after automatically sliding along the scraper, it is located in the transport chute 12, and then transported horizontally along the transport chute 12, and then enter the first transport downhill 15. After reaching the bottom of the first transport downhill 15, the coal is finally discharged from the first main shaft 16.

[0046] The scraper self-rolling N00 method comprises: arranging an inclined longwall coal mining face, a transportation crossheading, a rail crossheading, a first rail downhole, a first transportation downhole, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, the rail crossheading and the transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the plurality of inclined longwall coal mining faces; the first rail downhole is in communication with the rail crossheading and the transportation crossheading and is located on the side away from the inclined longwall coal mining face, and the bottom of the first rail downhole is in communication with the first main shaft and the first auxiliary shaft; when the coal mining machine mines coal in the inclined longwall coal mining face, it cuts coal downward and cuts empty upward; in the process of coal mining, the coal falling from the working face is automatically rolled along the scraper machine by using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, and after being automatically rolled along the scraper machine, the coal is located in the first transportation downhole, and after reaching the bottom of the first transportation downhole, the coal enters the transportation crossheading, and then is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading, and finally is discharged from the first main shaft. When one inclined longwall coal mining face completes coal mining and the next inclined longwall coal mining face needs to be mined, the N00 method forms the rail crossheading of the next inclined longwall coal mining face in the process of coal mining.

[0047] Through the layout of the inclined longwall face + the transportation crossheading and the rail crossheading + the first rail downhole and the first transportation downhole + the first main shaft and the first auxiliary shaft, the production space is standardized, the operation interference is avoided, and the basis for mechanized mining is provided; the coal cutting mode of the coal mining machine cutting coal downward and cutting empty upward, the gravity-assisted efficiency improvement and cost reduction, the optimization of the equipment operation logic, the coal cutting efficiency is greatly improved compared with the traditional method; the automatic rolling and transportation of the coal from the working face to the main shaft by using the coal seam inclination and the special scraper machine, the continuous automatic coal transportation, the reduction of manual intervention and safety hazards; the three are coordinated, the mining efficiency is improved, the safety environment is improved, the pain points of the traditional inclined coal seam mining, such as low efficiency and poor safety, are effectively solved, and a reliable technical path is provided for efficient mining of thin and medium-thick inclined coal seams.

[0048] For the inclined coal seam with a thickness greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters and an inclination ratio greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the scraper self-rolling layered 110 method or the N00 method can be used for coal mining. The scraper self-rolling layered 110 method or the N00 method for coal mining uses the above-mentioned scraper self-rolling 110 method or N00 method, and the thick coal seam is layered in the thickness direction and is mined in layers.

[0049] In the above-mentioned scraper self-rolling 110 method or N00 method, the scraper self-rolling 110 method or N00 method for coal mining in the inclined coal seam comprises: Figure 3As shown, the scraper self-rolling type layering 110 method comprises: arranging an upper layer coal mining face 311, a lower layer coal mining face 312, an upper layer track crossheading 321, a lower layer track crossheading 322, an upper layer transportation crossheading 331, a lower layer transportation crossheading 332, a second track downcomer 34, a second transportation downcomer 35, a third main shaft 36 and a third auxiliary shaft 37; the second track downcomer 34 and the second transportation downcomer 35 are in communication with the upper layer track crossheading 321, the lower layer track crossheading 322, the upper layer transportation crossheading 331 and the lower layer transportation crossheading 332, and are located on a side away from the upper layer coal mining face 311 and the lower layer coal mining face 312, and the bottom of the second track downcomer 34 and the second transportation downcomer 35 is in communication with the third main shaft 36 and the third auxiliary shaft 37; when a coal mining machine is used to mine coal in the coal mining face, coal is cut downward and the coal mining machine is moved upward without cutting; in the process of coal mining, the coal falling from the coal mining face is automatically rolled along the scraper, and after being automatically rolled along the scraper, the coal is located in the transportation crossheading, then is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading, then enters the second transportation downcomer, and finally is discharged from the third main shaft after reaching the bottom of the second transportation downcomer. Two or three inclined longwall faces are arranged according to the thickness of the coal seam, and the coal seam is mined from top to bottom, and after the upper layer of the coal seam is mined, the lower layer of the coal seam is mined, and the mining method of the upper layer and the lower layer of the coal seam is the same.

[0050] In the scraper self-rolling type N00 method, the upper layer track crossheading and the upper layer transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the plurality of upper layer coal mining faces, and the lower layer track crossheading and the lower layer transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the plurality of lower layer coal mining faces; the second track downcomer and the second transportation downcomer are in communication with the upper layer track crossheading, the lower layer track crossheading, the upper layer transportation crossheading and the lower layer transportation crossheading, and are located on a side away from the upper layer coal mining face and the lower layer coal mining face, and the bottom of the second track downcomer and the second transportation downcomer is in communication with the third main shaft and the third auxiliary shaft; when a coal mining machine is used to mine coal in the inclined longwall coal mining face, coal is cut downward and the coal mining machine is moved upward without cutting; in the process of coal mining, the coal falling from the coal mining face is automatically rolled along the scraper, and after being automatically rolled along the scraper, the coal is located in the second transportation downcomer, enters the transportation crossheading after reaching the bottom of the second transportation downcomer, then is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading, and finally is discharged from the third main shaft. When one inclined longwall coal mining face is completed and the next inclined longwall coal mining face needs to be mined, the N00 method forms the track crossheading of the next inclined longwall coal mining face in the process of coal mining.

[0051] The thick coal seam is divided into thin layers by the upper and lower layered coal mining faces and the top-down mining, the stress release law is used to ensure the stability of the working face and reduce the mining difficulty; the coal cutting machine cuts coal downward and cuts empty upward, which is adapted to the layering, the gravity is used to improve the efficiency, the uniform cutting resistance ensures the stability of the equipment, and the special scraper automatically slides coal to realize continuous layering and coal transportation. The layered layout and mechanized operation greatly improve the mining efficiency, reduce the surrounding rock pressure and safety risk of manual operation, precise layering and smooth transportation improve the resource recovery rate, and provide a customized solution for safe and efficient mining of 20-50 meter thick inclined coal seams, which is conducive to the development of high-quality thick coal resources.

[0052] For inclined coal seams with a thickness of less than 20 meters and an inclination ratio of greater than 2, a caving and self-sliding sublevel mining method can be used.

[0053] As shown in Figure 4 The caving and self-sliding sublevel mining method includes layering the coal seam in the height direction to form a second main shaft 21 and a second auxiliary shaft 22 that communicate with each layer of coal seam, setting blasting lines 23 and coal transportation roadways 24 in each coal seam, using two-dimensional blasting technology for sublevel caving and mining, and allowing the caved coal to self-slide to the bottom roadway under the action of gravity and be transported out. In detail, the upper coal seam is first blasted through the set blasting line 23, the coal enters the coal transportation roadway 24 after blasting, then enters the self-sliding roadway through the coal transportation roadway 24, and finally enters the second main shaft 21 or the second auxiliary shaft 22 through the self-sliding roadway or directly enters the second main shaft 21 or the second auxiliary shaft 22 from the coal transportation roadway 24. After the current coal seam is blasted and collected, the next coal seam is also blasted and collected. When blasting the next coal seam, the blasting line 23 of the lower coal seam and the blasting line 23 of the upper coal seam can be set in a staggered manner, so that two-dimensional blasting sublevel caving and mining can be realized, and the effect of blasting and mining can be improved. The direction of the staggered setting can be the extension direction of the coal transportation roadway 24.

[0054] By combining constructive two-dimensional blasting with self-sliding transportation, the caving and mining process of inclined coal seams is remodeled. The constructive two-dimensional blasting technology breaks through the limitations of traditional blasting precision, accurately controls the caving range and coal fragmentation, reduces the damage to surrounding rock and coal residue, and adapts to the occurrence characteristics of inclined coal seams. The gravity self-sliding and bottom roadway centralized transportation mode saves complex power equipment, reduces costs, improves efficiency, and adapts to the coal seam inclination, avoiding the blockage and safety problems of traditional transportation. Precise blasting and orderly self-sliding improve resource recovery rate and reduce equipment and roadway maintenance costs. Compared with the pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support method, it not only relieves labor intensity and improves working conditions, but also improves economic feasibility, providing an efficient, economic, and safe technical solution for caving and mining of inclined coal seams.

[0055] For the inclined coal seam with the thickness greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters and the inclination ratio greater than 2, the N00 method of the slope working face with the chute type sublevel can be used.

[0056] As shown in Figure 5 The N00 method of the slope working face with the chute type sublevel includes: sublevel mining in the height direction of the coal seam, the coal body in the upper layer is mined to form a goaf, and then the coal seam in the lower layer is mined; during the mining process, a plurality of first lower sublevel coal mining faces 41, a first upper sublevel goaf 42, a first N00 method self-forming roadway 43, a first coal sliding channel 44, a fourth main shaft 45 and a fourth auxiliary shaft 46 are arranged along the strike of the coal seam; the plurality of first lower sublevel coal mining faces 41 are arranged in sequence from left to right, and then the plurality of working faces are mined in sequence from left to right, each working face uses the N00 method, and after the working face is mined, the coal blocks are transported to the first coal sliding channel 44 by using the belt transportation, and then the coal is discharged from the fourth main shaft 45. When a first lower sublevel coal mining face 41 completes the coal mining and the next first lower sublevel coal mining face 41 needs to be mined, the N00 method forms the first N00 method self-forming roadway 43 during the mining process, and the first N00 method self-forming roadway 43 can be used as the track crossheading of the next first lower sublevel coal mining face 41.

[0057] Through the layout of the lower sublevel working face + upper sublevel goaf + N00 method self-forming roadway + coal sliding channel + main and auxiliary shafts, the stress environment of the goaf is used, the N00 method self-forming roadway technology is relied on, the amount of roadway excavation and maintenance cost are reduced, and the production space structure is optimized; the sublevel along the strike, mining from left to right + fully mechanized caving technology, adapting to the extension characteristics of the coal seam strike, realizing continuous and large-scale mining, and improving the working face advancing efficiency and the coal mining rate. The cooperation of the belt transportation and the coal sliding channel ensures smooth coal flow, reduces the loss and safety hazards in the transportation link.

[0058] For the inclined coal seam with the thickness greater than 50 meters and the inclination ratio greater than 2, the N00 method of the slope working face with the chute type sublevel can be used.

[0059] As shown in Figure 6As shown, the inclined working face chute type sublevel N00 mining method includes: sublevel mining in the height direction of the coal seam, sublevel mining from top to bottom, after the upper layer of coal is mined, a goaf is formed, then the lower layer of coal is mined, each sublevel uses the N00 mining method; the second lower sublevel coal mining face 51, the second upper sublevel goaf 52, the second N00 mining method self-forming roadway 53, the second coal sliding channel 54, the fifth main shaft 55 and the fifth auxiliary shaft 56 are arranged; when one layer is mined by the N00 mining method, it is continuously mined from left to right; because the N00 mining method forms the second N00 mining method self-forming roadway 53 in the mining process, the second N00 mining method self-forming roadway 53 can be used as a transportation crossheading, and the transportation crossheading does not need to be excavated in advance; then the coal is transported by the second coal sliding channel 54, the coal slides into the second coal sliding channel 54 by using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal, and then is transported to the fifth main shaft 55 by a belt to discharge the coal.

[0060] By means of the spatial framework of the lower sublevel working face + upper sublevel goaf + N00 mining method self-forming roadway + coal sliding channel + main and auxiliary shafts, relying on the goaf stress environment and the N00 mining method self-forming roadway, the amount of roadway excavation for thick coal seam mining is reduced, and the production space is optimized; the inclined sublevel mining from top to bottom + fully mechanized caving technology is suitable for the inclined extension characteristics of thick coal seams, the gravity is used to assist the working face advancing and the coal transportation, and the mining efficiency and resource recovery are improved. The coal transportation process of the coal sliding channel + belt transportation realizes the self-sliding of the coal into the channel by means of the coal seam inclination, and then the coal is relayed to the main shaft by the belt, the power consumption and transportation loss are reduced, the problems of high cost, low efficiency and poor safety in thick coal seam mining and steeply inclined coal seam mining are solved, the thick layer inclined coal seam mining is promoted to develop towards high efficiency, greenness and intelligence, and the value of thick layer high-quality coal resources is released.

[0061] It should be noted that although the steps of the method in the present disclosure are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in this specific order, or that all the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired results. In addition or alternatively, some steps can be omitted, a plurality of steps can be combined into one step, and / or one step can be divided into a plurality of steps, etc.

[0062] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the concepts disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptive changes of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include known or customary technical methods not disclosed in the present disclosure. The specification and examples are only considered as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mining method for an inclined coal seam, characterized in that: include: The method for determining the category of a preset inclined coal seam is as follows: when the thickness of an inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters and the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category; and when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; when the thickness of an inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category; and when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters and the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category; Different categories of mining methods for inclined coal seams are preset, the first category is mined by the first mining method, the second category is mined by the second mining method, the third category is mined by the third mining method, the fourth category is mined by the fourth mining method, the fifth category is mined by the fifth mining method, the sixth category is mined by the sixth mining method, the seventh category is mined by the seventh mining method, the eighth category is mined by the eighth mining method, and the ninth category is mined by the ninth mining method; wherein, the first mining method includes scraper automatic mining, The second mining method includes the caving self-sliding sub-level mining method, the third mining method includes the caving self-sliding sub-level mining method, the fourth mining method includes the scraper self-sliding layered 110 method or the N00 method, the fifth mining method includes the chute sub-level N00 method, the sixth mining method includes the chute sub-level N00 method, the seventh mining method includes the scraper self-sliding layered 110 method or the N00 method, the eighth mining method includes the chute sub-level N00 method, and the ninth mining method includes the chute sub-level N00 method; Obtaining thickness data and inclination ratio data of a target coal seam, and determining the category of the inclined coal seam based on the thickness data and inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset method for determining the category of the inclined coal seam; The mining method of the determined category and the preset different categories of inclined coal seams is used to determine the corresponding mining method for mining.

2. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper self-sliding 110 method or N00 method includes: forming a coal mining working face, a transport chute, a track chute, a first track downhill, a first transport downhill, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, arranging an inclined longwall working face, a coal mining machine cutting coal downward and an empty knife going up, utilizing the inclination of the coal seam and the gravity of the coal blocks themselves, the coal falling from the working face automatically chutes along a special scraper, enters the transport downhill along the transport chute, and finally discharges the coal from the first main shaft.

3. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The caving and self-flowing segmented coal mining method includes: forming a second main shaft, a second auxiliary shaft and a blasting line, using two-dimensional blasting technology to carry out segmented caving coal mining, and the collapsed coal body flows to the bottom tunnel under the action of gravity and is transported out in a centralized manner.

4. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper self-sliding layered mining method 110 or N00 method includes: forming an upper layer coal mining working face, a lower layer coal mining working face, an upper layer transport chute, a lower layer transport chute, an upper layer track chute, a second track downhill, a second transport downhill, a third main shaft and a third auxiliary shaft; arranging two or three layers of inclined longwall working faces, carrying out top-down layered mining, the coal mining machine goes down to cut coal, and goes up with an empty cutter, utilizing the inclination of the coal seam and the gravity of the coal blocks themselves, the coal falling from the working face automatically chutes along a special scraper, enters the transport downhill along the transport chute, and finally discharges the coal from the third main shaft.

5. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fifth mining method is the same as the sixth mining method.

6. The mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fifth mining method and the sixth mining method are both chute-type segmented N00 methods directed toward the working face.

7. The mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The chute-type segmented N00 method for the strike working face includes: forming the first lower segment coal mining working face, the first upper segment goaf, the first N00 method self-formed roadway, the first coal chute, the fourth main shaft and the fourth auxiliary shaft; arranging the longwall working face along the coal seam strike and dividing it into multiple segments, mining from left to right, and each segment adopts the N00 method comprehensive caving technology. After the coal blocks are mined from the working face, they are transported to the first coal chute by belt transport, and then the coal is discharged from the fourth main shaft.

8. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eighth mining method is the same as the ninth mining method.

9. The mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The eighth mining method and the ninth mining method are both chute-type segmented N00 methods inclined toward the working face.

10. The mining method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The chute-type segmented N00 method for the inclined working face includes: forming a second lower segmented coal mining working face, a second upper segmented goaf, a second N00 method self-formed roadway, a second coal chute, a fifth main shaft and a fifth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall working face along the inclination of the coal seam and dividing it into multiple segments, mining from top to bottom, each segment adopts the N00 method fully mechanized caving technology, and uses the second coal chute to transport coal. The coal blocks are made to slide to the second coal chute by utilizing the inclination of the coal seam and the gravity of the coal blocks themselves, and then are transported to the fifth main shaft by belts for coal discharge.

Images