A drilling device for geological exploration

Abstract

This invention provides a drilling device for geological exploration, relating to the field of drilling technology. It includes a motor mounted on a lifting frame, with the extended end of the motor connected to an internal rod. An external wheel is coaxially mounted on the outer side of the internal rod. Multiple fixed rods are evenly spaced on the upper end of the external wheel. Multiple fixed discs slide on the multiple fixed rods, and multiple corresponding internal discs are coaxially mounted within the multiple fixed discs. The most prominent advantage of this drilling device lies in its unique anti-jamming protection mechanism. When encountering hard strata or foreign objects during drilling that cause the sampling tube to jam, the power transmission between the motor and the sampling tube is no longer a rigid connection. Instead, controlled separation is achieved through a designed gear system and friction disc combination. The motor continues to operate but does not directly transmit all torque to the jammed sampling tube. Instead, some energy is converted into circumferential motion through the rotating wheel system, effectively avoiding the risk of motor burnout due to overload.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling technology, and more specifically, to a drilling apparatus for geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern geological exploration, drilling equipment is widely used as a core tool in mineral resource exploration, engineering geological survey, hydrogeological survey, and other fields. However, traditional drilling equipment faces a prominent technical defect in actual operation: the sampling tube and the motor adopt a rigid connection structure. Although this connection method is direct and effective in transmitting power, it lacks the necessary buffer mechanism. When encountering hard rock layers, complex geological structures, or foreign objects during drilling, the sampling tube is prone to jamming. Due to the characteristics of the rigid connection, this sudden resistance is directly transmitted to the motor system, causing the motor to bear torque and stress far exceeding its design load in an instant. Long-term practice has shown that under such circumstances, the motor often experiences overload operation and a sharp rise in temperature, eventually leading to serious consequences such as winding burnout, bearing damage, or even the complete scrapping of the motor. This not only causes frequent equipment damage and high maintenance costs, but also greatly reduces the continuity and efficiency of exploration work.

[0003] The safety hazards posed by this technical defect cannot be ignored. When the motor fails due to overload, it is often accompanied by an unstable state of the electrical system. In the field exploration environment, this may cause electrical fires or electric shock accidents, directly threatening the personal safety of on-site personnel. At the same time, the sudden failure of the motor may cause the drilling equipment to go out of control, resulting in a chain reaction such as drill rod breakage and drill bit damage, further increasing the safety risks. In addition, frequent equipment failures not only prolong the exploration cycle, but may also lead to a decline in sampling quality, affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent geological data analysis. In some key engineering geological exploration projects, such problems may cause more serious engineering safety hazards, such as inaccurate foundation stability assessment and misjudgment of tunnel construction risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a drilling device for geological exploration to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drilling device for geological exploration, comprising a fixed frame and a lifting frame slidably connected to the fixed frame; further comprising a connecting mechanism, the connecting mechanism comprising a motor mounted on the lifting frame, the extended end of the motor being connected to an internal rod, an external wheel coaxially disposed on the outer side of the internal rod, a plurality of fixed rods equally spaced on the upper end of the external wheel, a plurality of fixed discs slidably disposed on the plurality of fixed rods, a plurality of corresponding internal discs coaxially disposed within the plurality of fixed discs, an internal groove being formed within each of the plurality of internal discs, the internal grooves being slidably connected to the internal rods, the plurality of fixed discs and the plurality of internal discs being respectively located on the same plane, and a plurality of friction discs being respectively fitted and installed at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of fixed discs and the plurality of internal discs; further comprising a limiting mechanism, the limiting mechanism comprising a steel wheel and a flexible wheel coaxially disposed with the external wheel, the flexible wheel being located inside the steel wheel.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting mechanism further includes intermediate rods connected to the plurality of friction discs, with a top disc mounted on the lower end of the plurality of intermediate rods, and the top discs and the outer wheel being coaxially arranged.

[0009] Preferably, the lower end of the top plate is provided with a plurality of rotating rods, and the lower end of the plurality of rotating rods is equipped with a bottom plate. Each rotating rod is rotatably mounted with a rotating wheel, and an external gear is coaxially mounted on the inner wall of the outer wheel. The plurality of rotating wheels are respectively meshed with the external gear.

[0010] Preferably, the lower end of the internal rod is coaxially provided with an internal wheel, the internal wheel is respectively meshed in a plurality of the following wheels, and the lower end of the internal wheel is provided with a thrust bearing.

[0011] Preferably, a bonding disc is coaxially fitted to the lower end of the outer wheel, a sampling tube is installed on the bonding disc, a bottom bolt passes through the bonding disc and is threaded into the outer wheel, and the thrust bearing abuts against the bonding disc.

[0012] Preferably, each of the intermediate rods is threaded with a nut, the nut is pressed on the friction disc, the friction disc is pressed on a fixed disc and an inner disc that are on the same plane, and the area of ​​the friction disc that is in contact with the fixed disc is larger than the area that is in contact with the inner disc.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting mechanism further includes a plurality of top blocks that are installed at equal intervals on the inner wall of the steel wheel, and a plurality of follower blocks corresponding to the top blocks are installed on the outer wall of the flexible wheel.

[0014] Preferably, the outer wall of the steel wheel and the inner wall of the flexible wheel are respectively provided with inner grooves, and the plurality of inner grooves are respectively located on the other side of the follower block and the top block.

[0015] Preferably, the steel wheel is sleeved on a plurality of the fixed rods, the flexible wheel is sleeved on a plurality of the intermediate rods, and the flexible wheel is fitted onto a plurality of the nuts. Each fixed rod is threaded with an external bolt, which presses onto the steel wheel. Each intermediate rod is threaded with an intermediate bolt, which presses onto the flexible wheel.

[0016] Preferably, the fixed frame is equipped with two hydraulic cylinders, which are connected to the lifting frame.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a drilling device for geological exploration, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The most prominent advantage of this drilling rig lies in its unique anti-jamming protection mechanism. When the sampling tube gets stuck due to hard strata or foreign objects encountered during drilling, the rig can automatically activate the protection mode. At this time, the power transmission between the motor and the sampling tube is no longer a rigid connection, but a controlled separation is achieved through a combination of a designed gear system and a friction disc. The motor continues to run, but it does not transmit all the torque directly to the stuck sampling tube. Instead, it converts some of the energy into circumferential motion through the wheel system, effectively avoiding the risk of the motor burning out due to overload. This intelligent protection mechanism extends the service life of the motor and reduces the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance.

[0020] The device employs a stacked structure of multi-layer friction discs, internal discs, and fixed discs. The magnitude of system friction can be controlled by adjusting the pressure of the nuts. This design allows operators to flexibly adjust the working state of the transmission system according to different geological conditions and drilling needs. During normal drilling, sufficient friction ensures efficient power transmission; while when encountering abnormal resistance, the preset upper limit of friction ensures timely slip protection of the system. More importantly, this friction amplification design enables sufficient friction to be generated even under relatively low pressure, ensuring drilling efficiency while reducing the mechanical stress of various system components.

[0021] The limiting mechanism composed of a steel wheel and a flexible wheel in the device provides a second layer of protection. When the system rotates relative to the sample tube due to jamming, the follower block on the flexible wheel interacts with the top block on the steel wheel, causing the flexible wheel to undergo controlled deformation. This deformation can not only absorb some of the impact energy, but also provide additional rotational torque at appropriate times to help the system overcome temporary resistance. At the same time, the design of the inner cavity provides the necessary space for deformation, ensuring that the system can maintain structural integrity even in extreme cases. This elastic limiting design significantly improves the adaptability and safety of the device under complex geological conditions.

[0022] The large mass design of the outer wheel provides the system with a high inertial torque, which has multiple advantages during drilling. First, the high inertial torque can smooth torque fluctuations during drilling, reduce sampling tube vibration, and improve drilling accuracy and sample quality. Second, when encountering small obstacles, this inertial torque can help the sampling tube overcome temporary resistance and maintain drilling continuity. In addition, the high inertia system can reduce the frequency of motor start-stop, reduce the peak power demand of the motor, further protect the motor and extend its service life.

[0023] This device achieves efficient and accurate torque transmission through the precise meshing of the internal wheel, the follower wheel, and the external gear. Under normal operating conditions, these three components work together to ensure that the motor's power is efficiently transmitted to the sampling tube. Under abnormal conditions, this meshing structure can convert part of the torque into the circular motion of the follower wheel, preventing all the torque from being concentrated on the motor shaft. The thrust bearing further optimizes the distribution of axial force and reduces the wear of various system components. This precise torque control not only improves drilling efficiency but also significantly enhances the durability and reliability of the equipment.

[0024] In summary, this geological exploration drilling device, through its innovative mechanical transmission design, successfully solves the safety hazards of traditional drilling equipment, significantly improves the reliability, adaptability, and service life of the equipment, and provides safer and more efficient technical support for geological exploration work. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drilling device for geological exploration according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer wheel and the bonding disc in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the outer wheel and the steel wheel in this invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the steel wheel and flexible wheel in this invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the outer wheel, friction disc, and inner disc in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer wheel in this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is an exploded cross-sectional view of the outer wheel in this invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating wheel in this invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer wheel and the outer gear in this invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 11. Fixed frame; 12. Lifting frame; 21. Motor; 22. Internal rod; 23. External wheel; 24. Fixed rod; 25. Fixed plate; 26. Internal plate; 27. Internal groove; 28. Friction plate; 29. ​​Intermediate rod; 31. Steel wheel; 32. Flexible wheel; 33. Top block; 34. Follower block; 35. Inner hollow groove; 36. External bolt; 37. Intermediate bolt; 41. Hydraulic cylinder; 210. Top plate; 211. Follower rod; 212. Bottom plate; 213. Follower wheel; 214. External gear; 215. Internal wheel; 216. Thrust bearing; 217. Fitting plate; 218. Sampling tube; 219. Bottom bolt; 220. Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0038] Please see Figures 1 to 9A drilling device for geological exploration includes a fixed frame 11 and a lifting frame 12 slidably connected to the fixed frame 11; it also includes a connecting mechanism, which includes a motor 21 mounted on the lifting frame 12, the extended end of the motor 21 being connected to an inner rod 22, an outer wheel 23 coaxially disposed on the outer side of the inner rod 22, a plurality of fixed rods 24 evenly spaced at the upper end of the outer wheel 23, a plurality of fixed discs 25 slidably disposed on the plurality of fixed rods 24, a plurality of corresponding inner discs 26 coaxially disposed within the plurality of fixed discs 25, an inner groove 27 respectively opened within the plurality of inner discs 26, the inner grooves 27 being slidably connected to the inner rods 22, the plurality of fixed discs 25 and the plurality of inner discs 26 being respectively located on the same plane, and a plurality of friction discs 28 respectively being fitted and installed at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of fixed discs 25 and the plurality of inner discs 26; the connecting mechanism also includes an intermediate rod 29 connected to the plurality of friction discs 28. A top plate 210 is mounted on the lower end of multiple intermediate rods 29. The top plate 210 and the outer wheel 23 are coaxially arranged. Multiple follower rods 211 are provided at the lower end of the top plate 210, and a bottom plate 212 is mounted on the lower end of the multiple follower rods 211. Each follower rod 211 is rotatably mounted with a follower wheel 213. An external gear 214 is coaxially mounted on the inner wall of the outer wheel 23, and the multiple follower wheels 213 mesh with the external gear 214. The lower end of the inner rod 22 is coaxially provided with an inner wheel 215, which is meshed with multiple rotating wheels 213. The lower end of the inner wheel 215 is provided with a thrust bearing 216. The lower end of the outer wheel 23 is coaxially fitted with a bonding disc 217, and a sampling tube 218 is installed on the bonding disc 217. The bottom bolt 219 passes through the bonding disc 217 and is threadedly connected to the outer wheel 23. The thrust bearing 216 abuts against the bonding disc 217.

[0039] During geological drilling, the motor 21 drives the sampling tube 218 to rotate, and the hydraulic cylinder 41 drives the sampling tube 218 to move downwards to collect samples. When rotating normally, the sampling tube 218, the outer wheel 23 and the motor 21 rotate at the same speed. The larger mass of the outer wheel 23 can also provide a higher inertial torque. When the sampling tube 218 gets stuck, it stops rotating. The motor 21 drives the inner wheel 215 to rotate, and the inner wheel drives the outer wheel 23 to rotate along with the rotating wheel 213. Therefore, the inner wheel rotates freely, which prevents the motor 21 from burning out.

[0040] When the sampling tube 218 is stuck, it stops rotating, and therefore the outer wheel 23 and the outer gear 214 also stop rotating. The inner wheel 215 continues to rotate. Since the inner wheel 215 rotates while the outer gear 214 is fixed, and the inner wheel 215 meshes with multiple follower wheels 213, which in turn mesh with multiple outer gears 214, the outer gears 214 fix the inner wheel 215 in place. At this time, the multiple follower wheels 213 rotate around the outer gears 214. Because multiple follower rods 211 are rotatably connected to the follower wheels 213, they drive the multiple follower rods 211 to rotate along the axis. Since multiple friction discs 28 are slidably mounted on multiple intermediate rods 29 respectively, and the multiple friction discs 28 are respectively... Pressed against the inner disk 26 and the fixed disk 25, the friction disk 28 will first rotate with the fixed disk 25, and will also rotate relative to the inner disk 26. The rotation speed of the inner disk 26 is greater than that of the friction disk 28. The friction disk 28 can simultaneously apply friction to the inner disk 26 and the fixed disk 25. Due to the stacked friction of multiple friction disks 28, inner disk 26 and fixed disk 25, the friction force is magnified many times. At this time, only a small pressure is needed to generate a large friction force to ensure the rotation of the sampling. When stuck, the torque exceeds the sum of the friction forces of the two, and rotation will occur, avoiding burnout. The fixing force of the nut 220 can be easily adjusted by using a torque wrench, thus ensuring the convenience of adjustment.

[0041] The limiting mechanism includes a steel wheel 31 and a flexible wheel 32 coaxially arranged with the outer wheel 23. The flexible wheel 32 is located inside the steel wheel 31. Nuts 220 are threaded onto multiple intermediate rods 29, and the nuts 220 press against a friction disc 28. The friction disc 28 presses against a fixed disc 25 and an inner disc 26 on the same plane, and the area of ​​the friction disc 28 against the fixed disc 25 is larger than the area against the inner disc 26. The limiting mechanism also includes multiple top blocks 33 evenly spaced on the inner wall of the steel wheel 31, and multiple follower blocks 34 corresponding to the top blocks 33 installed on the outer wall of the flexible wheel 32. The inner walls of the wall and the flexible wheel 32 are respectively provided with inner hollow grooves 35. Multiple inner hollow grooves 35 are located on the other side of the follower block 34 and the top block 33. The steel wheel 31 is sleeved on multiple fixed rods 24, and the flexible wheel 32 is sleeved on multiple intermediate rods 29. The flexible wheel 32 is attached to multiple nuts 220. Each fixed rod 24 is threaded with an external bolt 36, which presses on the steel wheel 31. Each intermediate rod 29 is threaded with an intermediate bolt 37, which presses on the flexible wheel 32. The fixed frame 11 is provided with two hydraulic cylinders 41, which are connected to the lifting frame 12.

[0042] When the wheel is stuck and relative rotation occurs, the flexible wheel 32 will rotate, but the steel wheel 31 will not rotate. As the flexible wheel 32 rotates, the multiple follower blocks 34 on the flexible wheel 32 will press against the top block 33, causing the flexible wheel 32 to contract significantly inward along the corresponding inner groove 35, and the position of the inner groove 35 of the steel wheel 31 will contract slightly. Therefore, a secondary rotational torque will be provided. When the total torque of the jamming exceeds the frictional force and the deformation force of the top block 33 and the follower block 34, it will rotate on its own, thus avoiding damage.

[0043] Of all the solutions mentioned above, those involving the connection between two components can be selected according to the actual situation, such as welding, bolt and nut connection, bolt or screw connection, or other known connection methods, which will not be elaborated here. For all the fixed connections mentioned above, welding is preferred. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A drilling device for geological exploration, comprising a fixed frame (11) and a lifting frame (12) slidably connected to the fixed frame (11); characterized in that: It also includes a connecting mechanism, which includes a motor (21) mounted on the lifting frame (12). The extended end of the motor (21) is connected to an internal rod (22). An external wheel (23) is coaxially arranged on the outside of the internal rod (22). A plurality of fixed rods (24) are equally spaced on the upper end of the external wheel (23). A plurality of fixed discs (25) are slidably arranged on the plurality of fixed rods (24). A plurality of corresponding internal discs (26) are coaxially arranged in the plurality of fixed discs (25). An internal groove (27) is opened in each of the plurality of internal discs (26). The internal grooves (27) are slidably connected to the internal rod (22). The fixed plate (25) and the multiple inner plates (26) are respectively located on the same plane, and multiple friction plates (28) are respectively attached to the upper and lower ends of the multiple fixed plates (25) and the multiple inner plates (26). The connecting mechanism also includes an intermediate rod (29) connected to the multiple friction plates (28), and a top plate (210) is installed at the lower end of the multiple intermediate rods (29). The top plate (210) and the outer wheel (23) are coaxially arranged. It also includes a limiting mechanism, which includes a steel wheel (31) and a flexible wheel (32) coaxially arranged with the outer wheel (23). The flexible wheel (32) is located inside the steel wheel (31). Nuts (220) are threaded onto multiple intermediate rods (29), and the nuts (220) press on the friction disc (28). The friction disc (28) presses on the fixed disc (25) and the inner disc (26) on the same plane, and the area of ​​the friction disc (28) on the fixed disc (25) is larger than the area on the inner disc (26). The limiting mechanism also includes multiple top blocks (33) that are equally spaced on the inner wall of the steel wheel (31). Multiple follower blocks (34) corresponding to the top blocks (33) are installed on the outer wall of the flexible wheel (32). The outer wall of the steel wheel (31) and the inner wall of the flexible wheel (32) are connected. The upper part is provided with an inner hollow groove (35), and the multiple inner hollow grooves (35) are respectively located on the other side of the follower block (34) and the top block (33). The steel wheel (31) is sleeved on the multiple fixed rods (24), the flexible wheel (32) is sleeved on the multiple intermediate rods (29), and the flexible wheel (32) is attached to the multiple nuts (220). Each fixed rod (24) is provided with an external bolt (36) threaded on it, and the external bolt (36) presses on the steel wheel (31). Each intermediate rod (29) is provided with an intermediate bolt (37) threaded on it, and the intermediate bolt (37) presses on the flexible wheel (32).

2. The drilling device for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the top plate (210) is provided with a plurality of rotating rods (211), and the lower end of the plurality of rotating rods (211) is provided with a bottom plate (212). Each rotating rod (211) is rotatably mounted with a rotating wheel (213). An external gear (214) is coaxially mounted on the inner wall of the outer wheel (23), and the plurality of rotating wheels (213) are respectively meshed on the external gear (214).

3. The drilling device for geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end of the inner rod (22) is coaxially provided with an inner wheel (215), which is respectively meshed in a plurality of the following wheels (213), and the lower end of the inner wheel (215) is provided with a thrust bearing (216).

4. The drilling device for geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end of the outer wheel (23) is coaxially fitted with a bonding disc (217), a sampling tube (218) is installed on the bonding disc (217), a bottom bolt (219) passes through the bonding disc (217) and is threaded into the outer wheel (23), and the thrust bearing (216) abuts against the bonding disc (217).

5. A drilling device for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed frame (11) is equipped with two hydraulic cylinders (41), which are connected to the lifting frame (12).

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