Ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system and method based on double-path overlapping acquisition

Abstract

The application discloses an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system and method based on double-path overlapping collection, relates to the technical field of high-frequency weak signal detection, and converts signals through an ultra-high frequency sensor, performs cooperative overlapping collection through a double-path collection module, processes the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform through a fusion module, breaks through the traditional limitation, realizes accurate capture and feature extraction, provides data for partial discharge analysis, improves detection and diagnosis accuracy, makes up for the short board of single-path collection through double-path collection, and guarantees comprehensiveness.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high-frequency weak signal detection, and in particular to an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system and method based on double-path overlapping collection. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of power equipment operation and maintenance, partial discharge detection is a key means to ensure the safe operation of equipment. Ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge detection is widely used in the state monitoring of high-voltage switch cabinets, GIS and other equipment because it can effectively capture the electromagnetic pulse signals of partial discharge radiation without affecting the operation of the equipment.

[0003] With the development of power equipment towards high voltage, large capacity and intelligentization, partial discharge pulses show an ultra-narrow trend, especially early partial discharge caused by some insulation defects, whose transient pulse width is often less than 5 nanoseconds. Such ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses contain key information of the insulation state of the equipment, but due to the extremely short duration of the pulse and the complex signal characteristics, it puts forward strict requirements on the transient response capability and signal capture integrity of the detection system.

[0004] However, the existing partial discharge detection system has the following defects when facing ultra-narrow transient pulses: on the one hand, the traditional peak holding circuit is limited by the diode reverse recovery time (usually > 10 nanoseconds) and the insufficient slew rate of the operational amplifier, making it difficult to accurately capture ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses with a width of < 5 nanoseconds, which easily leads to pulse signal loss or distortion, and cannot effectively extract key features such as pulse front and back edges, thereby affecting the positioning accuracy of the partial discharge source and the accuracy of the partial discharge type recognition, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the effective detection of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses and the accurate evaluation of the insulation state of the equipment; on the other hand, the single-path collection mode further exacerbates the pulse loss problem due to the randomness and low repetition rate characteristics of partial discharge pulses, making it difficult to fully meet the signal collection needs in complex partial discharge scenarios. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems that the existing partial discharge detection system cannot accurately capture ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses, easily loses pulses, and cannot effectively extract key features, the present application provides an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system and method based on double-path overlapping collection.

[0006] The ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on double-path overlapping collection provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An ultra high frequency sensor is used to convert ultra high frequency electromagnetic pulses of a target region into initial partial discharge signals;

[0008] A first collection channel module and a second collection channel module are connected in parallel with the ultra high frequency sensor;

[0009] The first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module are used to cooperate in performing dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition of the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a first differential signal and a second differential signal;

[0010] The signal fusion module is used to fuse the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the ultra-high frequency sensor serves as the signal acquisition source, accurately capturing ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulses in the target area and converting them into initial partial discharge signals, providing a foundation for subsequent detection. The dual-channel parallel and overlapping acquisition module, with the rapid capture of the pulse leading edge by the first acquisition channel and the fine acquisition of the pulse trailing edge by the second acquisition channel, combined with the overlapping timing, effectively covers the complete time period of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse from start to finish, avoiding the feature loss problem caused by pulse randomness and low repetition rate in single-channel acquisition. The signal fusion module integrates the differential signals acquired by the dual channels, eliminates channel response differences through timing calibration, fills the gaps in single-channel acquisition by waveform splicing, and compensates for gain and loss deviations by amplitude correction, ultimately restoring a complete and accurate ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform. This solves the problems of traditional peak hold circuits being unable to capture short pulses due to the limitations of diode reverse recovery time and op-amp slew rate, and the signal distortion introduced by high dielectric loss capacitors. It provides high-quality, full-feature coverage reliable data support for partial discharge fault diagnosis, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse detection.

[0012] Preferably, the first acquisition channel module includes:

[0013] The transient signal conditioning module is used to perform transient capture and amplification operations on the initial partial discharge signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the acquisition phase, so as to obtain a transient signal;

[0014] A high-speed sampling and holding module is used to perform transient feature preservation operation on the transient signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the holding phase, so as to obtain a first holding signal;

[0015] The first impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the first holding signal to obtain the first differential signal.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the first acquisition channel module quickly captures and amplifies the pulse leading edge with the help of the transient signal conditioning module during the acquisition phase, and maintains the transient characteristics stably through the high-speed sampling and holding module during the holding phase. Then, the first impedance matching drive module optimizes the transmission, thus achieving accurate capture and high-quality transmission of the ultra-narrow pulse leading edge in a coordinated manner, avoiding feature loss and distortion.

[0017] Preferably, the second acquisition channel module includes:

[0018] A low-pass filter module is used to filter the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a preprocessed signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the preparation stage;

[0019] The zero-drift amplification module is used to amplify the preprocessed signal to obtain the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the acquisition stage.

[0020] The precision sampling and holding module is used to perform transient feature holding operation on the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the holding phase, so as to obtain the second holding signal;

[0021] The second impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the second holding signal to obtain the second differential signal.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the second acquisition channel module filters high-frequency noise in the initial partial discharge signal using a low-pass filter module during the preparation stage, retaining the effective components of the pulse trailing edge; during the acquisition stage, a zero-drift amplification module precisely amplifies the preprocessed signal to avoid signal distortion; during the holding stage, a precision sampling holding module stably latches the trailing edge characteristics of the acquired signal; finally, the second impedance matching drive module optimizes the transmission and outputs a high-quality second differential signal. The collaborative operation of these sub-modules adapts to the "gradually changing and easily interfered" characteristics of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse trailing edge, solving the problems of insufficient capture of trailing edge details and easy signal distortion in traditional acquisition methods.

[0023] Preferably, the transient signal conditioning module includes:

[0024] A Schottky diode array is used to perform transient capture operation on the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a limiting signal;

[0025] The first operational amplifier module is used to amplify the limited signal to obtain a transient signal.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the Schottky diode array, with its ultra-short reverse recovery time, quickly clamps the initial partial discharge signal overvoltage and accurately captures the ultra-narrow pulse leading edge; the first operational amplifier module amplifies the limiting signal with a high slew rate and restores the steep change characteristics of the leading edge. The two work together to ensure that the pulse start details are not lost, solving the problem of the traditional circuit's lag response to transient signals.

[0027] Preferably, the first impedance matching drive module includes:

[0028] A first balun transformer is used to perform transient signal differential conversion on the first holding signal to obtain a first optimized differential signal; a first high-frequency resistor is used to perform reflection suppression operation on the first optimized signal to obtain a first differential signal.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the first balun transformer converts the single-ended first holding signal into a differential signal, effectively suppressing common-mode noise and adapting to the high-speed transmission requirements of transient signals; the first high-frequency resistor matches the impedance of the transmission cable and eliminates signal reflection. The two work together to ensure that the pulse leading edge characteristics are not distorted during transmission.

[0030] Preferably, the second impedance matching drive module includes:

[0031] The second balun transformer is used to perform steady-state differential conversion on the second holding signal to obtain the second optimized differential signal; the second high-frequency resistor is used to perform amplitude-phase fidelity operation on the second optimized signal to obtain the second differential signal.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the second balun transformer converts the single-ended second holding signal into a differential signal, suppressing common-mode interference to adapt to the transmission of trailing edge steady-state signals; the second high-frequency resistor matches the cable impedance to ensure signal amplitude and phase fidelity, and the two work together to ensure that the pulse trailing edge characteristic transmission is distortion-free.

[0033] Preferably, the signal fusion module includes:

[0034] The timing calibration module is used to perform timing alignment on the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain a first timing alignment signal and a second timing alignment signal;

[0035] The waveform splicing module is used to splice the first timing alignment signal and the second timing alignment signal to obtain a spliced ​​pulse waveform signal.

[0036] An amplitude correction module is used to correct the amplitude of the spliced ​​pulse waveform signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solutions, the timing calibration module eliminates the time misalignment of the two signals, ensuring precise connection of the leading and trailing edge features in time dimension; the waveform splicing module integrates the segmented features of the two channels to form a complete pulse waveform; and the amplitude correction module compensates for gain and loss deviations, ultimately restoring the true shape of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse and improving detection accuracy.

[0038] This application provides a method for detecting ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transients based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, applied to the aforementioned ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition. The system includes a UHF sensor, a first acquisition channel module, a second acquisition channel module, and a signal fusion module, employing the following technical solution:

[0039] The ultra-high frequency sensor converts the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse in the target area into an initial partial discharge signal.

[0040] The initial partial discharge signal is acquired by the first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module in collaboration to perform dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition, thereby obtaining the first differential signal and the second differential signal;

[0041] The signal fusion module fuses the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, the signal is first converted by an ultra-high frequency sensor, then the dual-channel acquisition module is used to collaboratively overlap and acquire data to cover the entire pulse time period, and then the signal fusion module integrates and corrects the data to completely restore the true waveform of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse. This solves the problems of easy loss of features and signal distortion in traditional single-channel acquisition and improves the reliability of detection.

[0043] This application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition as described in any of the above claims.

[0044] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed, implements the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0045] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0046] This application uses an ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensor to convert UHF electromagnetic pulses in the target area into initial partial discharge (PD) signals. A first and second parallel acquisition channel module collaborates to perform dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition, obtaining a first differential signal and a second differential signal. These two signals are then fused by a signal fusion module to obtain an ultra-narrow PD pulse waveform signal. This application overcomes the limitations of traditional circuits by using dual-channel overlapping acquisition to broaden the dimensionality and maintaining the Schottky peak value to ensure feature integrity. This enables accurate capture and feature extraction of ultra-narrow PD transient pulses, providing reliable data support for PD source localization and identification. It solves the problem of insufficient acquisition in traditional circuits leading to inaccurate PD fault analysis, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of detection and diagnosis. Simultaneously, addressing the shortcomings of single-channel acquisition due to pulse randomness and low repetition rate, dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition increases the capture probability, compensating for the shortcomings of single-channel acquisition and ensuring comprehensive acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2This is a structural block diagram of the first acquisition channel module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the second acquisition channel module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the signal fusion module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-path overlapping acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention aims to provide an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system and method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, so as to solve the technical problems of existing partial discharge detection systems that are difficult to accurately capture ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses, are prone to pulse loss, and cannot effectively extract key features.

[0053] This invention employs a dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition architecture. The first acquisition channel utilizes a Schottky diode array with a reverse recovery time of <1ns and a high-slew-rate GaN operational amplifier, overcoming the limitations of traditional circuits in capturing transient pulses of <5ns. By utilizing a dual-channel time-division staggered peak and alternating hold operating mode, it covers the entire pulse duration, avoiding the loss problem caused by the random low repetition rate of pulses in single-channel acquisition. Simultaneously, each module selects low-loss, high-stability components (such as PTFE dielectric capacitors and HVC thin-film resistors), combined with amplitude correction through signal fusion, to suppress signal distortion introduced by high dielectric loss capacitors, accurately restore the pulse amplitude, and comprehensively solve the three major pain points of existing technologies.

[0054] This solution, through optimized design, achieves a measured transient response time of ≤4.2ns, enabling precise capture of ultra-narrow pulses. Dual-channel overlapping acquisition increases the pulse capture rate to 99.9%, significantly better than the 90% of single-channel acquisition, reducing pulse loss due to random low repetition rates. Noise peak hold error is ≤±1mV (within an input range of ±2V), effectively suppressing noise interference and improving amplitude measurement accuracy. This provides reliable data support for accurate partial discharge fault diagnosis, comprehensively addressing the shortcomings of traditional acquisition technologies. (See also...) Figures 1-4 The present invention provides an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, comprising:

[0055] Ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors are used to convert UHF electromagnetic pulses in a target area into initial partial discharge signals.

[0056] The first and second acquisition channel modules are connected in parallel with the UHF sensor;

[0057] The first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module are used to collaboratively perform dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition of the initial partial discharge signal to obtain the first differential signal and the second differential signal;

[0058] The signal fusion module is used to fuse the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0059] Dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition refers to the process where two acquisition channel modules work in parallel and form temporal overlapping coverage through timing coordination: while one channel is acquiring, the other channel is preparing; while one channel maintains the captured features, the other channel acquires subsequent features. Furthermore, they can alternate to form secondary overlaps, achieving gapless capture of the complete features of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses and avoiding the limitations of single-channel acquisition.

[0060] Specifically, the first and second acquisition channel modules coordinate in a timing manner to form a temporal overlap during the acquisition of the initial partial discharge signal: when the first acquisition channel module is in the acquisition phase, the second acquisition channel module prepares synchronously; when the first acquisition channel module enters the hold phase to retain the captured pulse leading edge features, the second acquisition channel module immediately starts acquisition to capture the pulse trailing edge features, forming an overlap period of "one channel hold, the other acquisition"; and when the second acquisition channel module enters the hold phase to retain the pulse trailing edge features, the first acquisition channel module can start the next round of acquisition, forming a secondary overlap. Through this time-division staggered and interconnected working mode, the complete capture of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse from the leading edge to the trailing edge is achieved, avoiding the loss of pulse features due to the timing limitations of single-channel acquisition, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and completeness of signal acquisition.

[0061] It should be noted that dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition is not a simple signal replication acquisition. Instead, based on the difference in the characteristics of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses, namely "sharp leading edge and gradual trailing edge", the two channels are designed with different functions. The first acquisition channel module focuses on fast response to capture the transient characteristics of the pulse leading edge, while the second acquisition channel module focuses on precise holding to extract the detailed characteristics of the pulse trailing edge. Through the overlapping and coordination in timing, the two channels complement each other in their respective advantageous frequency bands. This not only solves the contradiction that single-channel acquisition cannot achieve both high-speed response and precise holding, but also eliminates the "blind spot" of signal acquisition through the overlapping coverage in the time dimension, ensuring that the complete characteristics of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse from start to finish can be accurately captured.

[0062] Working principle:

[0063] The ultra-high frequency sensor first converts the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse in the target area into an initial partial discharge signal. In the dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition process, when the first acquisition channel module enters the acquisition stage, its transient signal conditioning module uses a Schottky diode array (such as SMS7630) to limit the amplitude and prevent overvoltage. After that, it is amplified at high speed by the first operational amplifier module (such as QPA9980 GaN operational amplifier) ​​with a slew rate of 500V / μs to capture the pulse leading edge (0-3ns) and obtain the transient signal. During this stage, the second acquisition channel module is in the preparation stage. The low-pass filter module uses a 1GHz low-pass filter to filter and output a pre-processed signal. The two overlap in time. Next, the first acquisition channel module enters the hold phase. The high-speed sample-and-hold module performs transient characteristic preservation operation through the high-speed sample-and-hold circuit, stopping new acquisition and holding the peak value to obtain the first hold signal. This signal is then optimized and transmitted by the first impedance matching drive module to output the first differential signal. Simultaneously, the second acquisition channel module enters the acquisition phase. The zero-drift amplification module amplifies the signal using a zero-drift operational amplifier, while the precision sample-and-hold module captures the trailing edge of the pulse within 3-10ns and latches the peak value through a precision sample-and-hold circuit to obtain the acquired signal, achieving the overlap of "first acquisition channel hold - second acquisition channel acquisition". Afterward, the second acquisition channel module enters the hold phase. The precision sample-and-hold module performs transient characteristic preservation operation, stopping new acquisition and holding the peak value to obtain the second hold signal. This signal is then optimized and transmitted by the second impedance matching drive module to output the second differential signal. If continuous pulses occur at this time, the first acquisition channel module can start the next round of acquisition, forming a secondary overlap of "second acquisition channel hold - first acquisition channel re-acquisition". Finally, the signal fusion module fuses the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal. Through the time overlap of each stage and the processing of the signal fusion module, the complete characteristics of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse are accurately obtained.

[0064] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, wherein the first acquisition channel module includes:

[0065] The transient signal conditioning module is used to perform transient capture and amplification operations on the initial partial discharge signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the acquisition phase, so as to obtain the transient signal.

[0066] The high-speed sample-and-hold module is used to perform transient feature preservation operations on the transient signal to obtain the first held signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the hold phase.

[0067] The first impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the first holding signal to obtain the first differential signal.

[0068] The transient signal conditioning module includes:

[0069] A Schottky diode array is used to perform transient capture of the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a limiting signal;

[0070] The first operational amplifier module is used to amplify the limited signal to obtain a transient signal.

[0071] The first impedance matching drive module includes:

[0072] The first balun transformer is used to perform transient signal differential conversion on the first holding signal to obtain the first optimized differential signal;

[0073] The first high-frequency resistor is used to perform reflection suppression on the first optimized signal to obtain the first differential signal.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, the first acquisition channel module achieves efficient acquisition of the leading edge of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses through precise selection and coordination of each sub-module.

[0075] The transient signal conditioning module includes a Schottky diode array and a first operational amplifier module. The Schottky diode array uses a model with a reverse recovery time of <1ns (such as the SMS7630), and its parallel layout reduces the influence of junction capacitance, quickly clamps the initial partial discharge signal overvoltage, accurately captures the <5ns ultra-narrow pulse leading edge, and outputs a limited signal. It is paired with a GaN (Gallium Nitride) operational amplifier (such as the QPA9980) as the first operational amplifier module. With a high slew rate of 500V / μs, it accurately amplifies the limited signal, restores the abrupt change characteristics of the pulse leading edge, and outputs a transient signal, ensuring no loss of pulse start details. Simultaneously, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) dielectric RF capacitors (such as the GQM series, with low dielectric loss angle) are used to further optimize signal transmission and reduce energy loss. The high-speed sample-and-hold module uses a high-speed analog switch (such as the ADG1414) and a high-frequency ceramic capacitor. The analog switch has a nanosecond-level switching speed, quickly latching the transient signal peak value; the ceramic capacitor... With low loss characteristics, the signal amplitude remains stable during the hold phase, preserving transient characteristics and outputting a first hold signal to retain leading-edge data for subsequent processing. The first impedance matching drive module includes a first balun transformer and a first high-frequency resistor. The first balun transformer (such as an ADE-1+ balun transformer) converts the single-ended first hold signal into a differential signal, suppressing common-mode noise and optimizing the signal transmission mode. The first high-frequency resistor (50Ω RFR50-60 high-frequency resistor) matches the impedance of the transmission cable, eliminates signal reflection, and outputs a first differential signal, ensuring high-quality transmission of leading-edge characteristics to subsequent modules, laying the foundation for dual-path fusion.

[0076] In its implementation, when an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse (UHF) is generated in the target area, the UHF sensor converts it into an initial partial discharge (PMD) signal. This initial PMD signal is first input to a transient signal conditioning module. The Schottky diode array, utilizing its reverse recovery time (<1ns) and parallel arrangement to reduce junction capacitance, transiently captures S0, quickly clamps overvoltage, and accurately captures the ultra-narrow pulse leading edge (<5ns), outputting a limited signal. Subsequently, a GaN operational amplifier, acting as the first operational amplifier module, amplifies the limited signal with a high slew rate of 500V / μs, restoring the abrupt change in the pulse leading edge. Simultaneously, a PTFE dielectric RF capacitor optimizes signal transmission and reduces energy loss, ultimately outputting the transient signal. Next, the transient signal enters a high-speed sample-and-hold module. A high-speed analog switch rapidly latches the peak value of the transient signal at a ns-level switching speed, while a high-frequency ceramic capacitor, with its low-loss characteristics, maintains the signal amplitude during the holding phase. The system stabilizes and completes the transient feature preservation operation to obtain the first hold signal. Then, the first hold signal is input to the first impedance matching drive module. The first balun transformer converts the single-ended first hold signal into a differential signal to suppress common-mode noise. The first high-frequency resistor eliminates signal reflection by matching the impedance of the transmission cable, ultimately obtaining the first differential signal, which is then transmitted to the signal fusion module. This process, through the synergy of the Schottky diode array and the GaN operational amplifier, solves the problem of capturing ultra-narrow pulses due to the slow response of traditional circuits, accurately preserving the pulse leading-edge features. The high-speed sampling and holding module ensures that the feature data is stable and undistorted during the hold phase, while the impedance matching drive module guarantees high-quality signal transmission and avoids feature damage. This provides reliable leading-edge feature data support for subsequent dual-channel signal fusion and partial discharge source localization and identification, realizing complete and efficient processing of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses from capture and preservation to transmission.

[0077] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The present invention provides an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, wherein the second acquisition channel module includes:

[0078] The low-pass filter module is used to filter the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a preprocessed signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the preparation stage.

[0079] The zero-drift amplification module is used to amplify the preprocessed signal to obtain the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the acquisition stage.

[0080] The precision sampling and holding module is used to perform transient feature holding operation on the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the holding phase, so as to obtain the second holding signal;

[0081] The second impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the second holding signal to obtain the second differential signal.

[0082] Therefore, the second impedance matching drive module includes:

[0083] The second balun transformer is used to perform steady-state differential conversion on the second holding signal to obtain the second optimized differential signal;

[0084] The second high-frequency resistor is used to perform amplitude-phase fidelity operation on the second optimized signal to obtain the second differential signal.

[0085] In this embodiment of the invention, the second acquisition channel module, designed with the characteristics of the trailing edge of an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse in mind, achieves stable acquisition and reliable transmission through precise design of each sub-module.

[0086] The low-pass filter module uses a 1GHz low-pass filter (such as the BLP-1G+ low-pass filter). Utilizing its high cutoff frequency and steep filtering characteristics, it effectively suppresses high-frequency noise in the initial partial discharge signal, retains the effective components of the pulse trailing edge (3-10ns), and outputs a pre-processed signal, laying the foundation for subsequent accurate acquisition.

[0087] The zero-drift amplification module uses a zero-drift operational amplifier (such as TIOPA2188), which, with its μV-level offset voltage and extremely low temperature drift characteristics, accurately amplifies the pre-processed signal, avoiding signal distortion caused by temperature drift and offset of traditional operational amplifiers, restoring the subtle characteristics of the pulse trailing edge, and outputting the acquired signal.

[0088] The precision sample-and-hold module is constructed from a precision sample-and-hold circuit (such as an F338 capacitor paired with a high-speed switch). The F338 capacitor has low leakage and high stability. Combined with the fast latching function of the high-speed switch, it stably holds the peak value of the acquired signal, preserves the trailing edge characteristics of the pulse, and outputs a second holding signal.

[0089] In the second impedance matching drive module, the second balun transformer (such as the ADE-2+ balun transformer) converts the single-ended second hold signal into a differential signal, suppressing common-mode interference and optimizing the transmission mode; the second high-frequency resistor (50Ω HVC thin film resistor) matches the impedance of the transmission cable, performs amplitude and phase fidelity operation on the second optimized signal, ensures that the signal amplitude and phase are not distorted during transmission, outputs the second differential signal, provides high-quality trailing edge feature data for dual-channel fusion, and works in conjunction with the first acquisition channel to achieve full-time feature coverage of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses.

[0090] In its implementation, after the UHF sensor outputs the initial partial discharge signal, the second acquisition channel module enters its workflow. During the preparation phase, the low-pass filter module uses a 1GHz low-pass filter to filter the signal, utilizing its high cutoff frequency and steep filtering characteristics to suppress high-frequency noise and retain the effective components of the pulse trailing edge (3-10ns), outputting a pre-processed signal. Subsequently, the second acquisition channel module enters the acquisition phase. The zero-drift operational amplifier in the zero-drift amplification module, with its μV-level offset voltage and extremely low temperature drift characteristics, precisely amplifies the pre-processed signal, restoring the subtle characteristics of the pulse trailing edge, and obtaining... The process begins with signal acquisition. The holding phase involves a precision sampling and holding module constructed using Vishay F338 capacitors and high-speed switches. Leveraging the low leakage and high stability of the F338 capacitors and the fast latching function of the high-speed switches, the module stably holds the peak value of the acquired signal, preserving the trailing edge characteristics of the pulse, and outputting a second holding signal. This second holding signal then enters the second impedance matching drive module. A second balun transformer converts the single-ended signal into a differential signal to suppress common-mode interference. A 50Ω Vishay high-precision resistor matches the impedance of the transmission cable, performing amplitude and phase fidelity operation on the second optimized signal, and outputting a second differential signal. In this process, through precise selection and coordination, low-pass filtering lays the foundation for acquisition, zero-drift amplification restores subtle features, precision sampling and holding ensures stable preservation, and impedance matching drive guarantees high-quality transmission. Working in conjunction with the first acquisition channel, this achieves full-time feature coverage of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse, allowing the subsequent signal fusion module to acquire complete pulse information. This improves the accuracy and reliability of partial discharge fault diagnosis, solves the problems of lost trailing edge characteristics and signal distortion in traditional single-channel acquisition, and provides stable and accurate technical support for ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse detection.

[0091] It is worth mentioning that the first impedance matching drive module focuses on the transient characteristics of the ultra-narrow pulse leading edge, using an ADE-1+ balun transformer paired with a 50Ω RFR50-60 high-frequency resistor. The ADE-1+ balun transformer can quickly respond to the steep changes in the pulse leading edge (<5ns), converting single-ended signals into differential signals, suppressing common-mode noise, and adapting to the high-speed transmission requirements of the leading-edge transient signal. The second impedance matching drive module targets the steady-state characteristics of the pulse trailing edge, employing an ADE-2+ balun transformer and a 50Ω HVC thin-film resistor. The ADE-2+ balun transformer emphasizes amplitude-phase fidelity conversion of the trailing edge signal, while the HVC thin-film resistor, with its low temperature coefficient and high stability, ensures distortion-free amplitude and phase transmission of the trailing edge signal. The difference in their composition stems from the different requirements for "high-speed transients" at the pulse leading edge and "steady-state fidelity" at the trailing edge. When working together, the first module accurately captures leading-edge pulses of <5ns, overcoming the limitations of traditional peak hold circuits that are difficult to capture due to diode reverse recovery time (>10ns) and insufficient op-amp slew rate; the second module stably preserves trailing-edge characteristics, and together with dual-channel parallel acquisition, avoids the pulse loss problem caused by single-channel acquisition. Together, they provide support for high-precision acquisition and transmission of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse characteristics throughout the entire time period, solving the shortcomings of traditional solutions in transient pulse capture and pulse loss.

[0092] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The present invention provides an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, wherein the signal fusion module includes:

[0093] The timing calibration module is used to perform timing alignment between the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain a first timing aligned signal and a second timing aligned signal;

[0094] The waveform splicing module is used to splice the first timing alignment signal and the second timing alignment signal to obtain a spliced ​​pulse waveform signal.

[0095] The amplitude correction module is used to correct the amplitude of the spliced ​​pulse waveform signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0096] In this embodiment of the invention, after the first differential signal output from the first acquisition channel and the second differential signal output from the second acquisition channel are transmitted to the signal fusion module, the timing calibration module first performs timing alignment on the two differential signals based on the characteristic points of the pulse leading edge and trailing edge (such as the start time of the leading edge and the end time of the trailing edge), accurately matching their correspondence on the time axis, and outputting the first timing alignment signal and the second timing alignment signal; then, the waveform splicing module splices the two signals with aligned timing, seamlessly connecting the leading edge of the first timing alignment signal with the trailing edge of the second timing alignment signal to form a spliced ​​pulse waveform signal that completely covers the 0-10ns ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse period; subsequently, the amplitude correction module calibrates the amplitude of the spliced ​​waveform based on factors such as the gain difference during the acquisition of the two signals (such as the different amplification factors of the first operational amplifier module and the zero-drift amplification module) and transmission loss, using a preset correction algorithm, and finally obtains the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal. In this process, the timing calibration module solves the time misalignment problem caused by channel response differences in dual-channel acquisition, ensuring accurate connection of pulse leading and trailing edge characteristics in the time dimension; the waveform stitching module integrates the segmented features of dual-channel acquisition, filling the gaps in information easily lost in single-channel acquisition; the amplitude correction module eliminates amplitude deviation caused by channel gain and transmission loss. The three work together to restore the true waveform of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse, solving the problems of traditional single-channel acquisition being unable to fully capture pulse characteristics and waveform distortion. This provides high-precision, full-time coverage pulse waveform data for accurate diagnosis of partial discharge faults, improving the detection system's ability to identify and analyze ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses.

[0097] It should be noted that the timing calibration module extracts feature points through the threshold cross method, filters the differential signal, and identifies the start / end time of the leading edge and trailing edge based on the 10% / 90% peak threshold, thereby achieving accurate timing alignment.

[0098] Specifically:

[0099] Perform sliding window denoising on the first and second differential signals (e.g., rectangular window averaging filter, with a window length of 3-5 sampling points);

[0100] Set voltage thresholds (e.g., 10% of the pulse peak value as the leading edge start threshold, and 90% as the leading edge end threshold; the reverse is true for the trailing edge);

[0101] When the signal voltage first crosses the starting threshold, it is marked as the start time of the leading edge; when it crosses the ending threshold, it is marked as the end time of the leading edge; the trailing edge feature points are extracted in the same way. This algorithm can accurately identify the time nodes of the leading and trailing edges of the pulse, providing a clear reference for timing alignment and solving the problem of "fuzzy feature point extraction".

[0102] The amplitude correction module is based on the gain compensation method. It pre-calibrates the actual gain of the operational amplifier and eliminates amplitude deviation by integrating the compensation formula of the dual-channel signal gain.

[0103] Specifically:

[0104] Pre-calibrate the actual gain G of the first operational amplifier module 1实际 The actual gain G of the zero-drift operational amplifier in the second acquisition channel 2实际 (The gain-frequency curve can be obtained by measuring with a standard signal source and an oscilloscope);

[0105] Let the amplitude of the first differential signal be V1 and the amplitude of the second differential signal be V2, then the corrected amplitude V 修正 satisfy:

[0106]

[0107] It accurately compensates for the gain difference between the two signals, ensuring amplitude accuracy.

[0108] The waveform splicing module uses linear interpolation to linearly fit the sampling points in the transition region, generating transition points to ensure waveform continuity. The waveform splicing module uses linear interpolation to process the transition region between two signals:

[0109] Extract the end segment (e.g., the last 5 sampling points) of the first timing alignment signal and the beginning segment (e.g., the first 5 sampling points) of the second timing alignment signal;

[0110] Perform linear fitting on the sampling points of the two signals and calculate the amplitude transition coefficient between adjacent points;

[0111] Interpolation points in the transition region are generated according to the transition coefficient, replacing the transition points of the original signal to make the spliced ​​waveform continuous and smooth. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 The present invention provides a control method for an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition, comprising:

[0112] Step 101: Convert the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse in the target area into an initial partial discharge signal using an ultra-high frequency sensor;

[0113] In this embodiment of the invention, an ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensor is used to convert the UHF electromagnetic pulse in the target area into an initial partial discharge signal. Specifically, the UHF sensor uses the principle of electromagnetic coupling to convert the UHF electromagnetic pulse (frequency range typically between 300MHz and 3GHz) generated in the target area (such as inside a power equipment) into an initial partial discharge signal in the form of an electrical signal. This signal contains the complete characteristics of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse from its leading edge to its trailing edge, but may be accompanied by environmental electromagnetic noise interference.

[0114] Step 102: The initial partial discharge signal is acquired in parallel and overlapping manner through the collaboration of the first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module to obtain the first differential signal and the second differential signal;

[0115] In this embodiment of the invention, the initial partial discharge signal is acquired in parallel and overlapped by the first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module, resulting in a first differential signal and a second differential signal. In this step, the dual acquisition achieves overlapping coverage in the time dimension through timing coordination: when the first acquisition channel module detects the initial partial discharge signal trigger (e.g., the signal amplitude exceeds a preset threshold), it enters the acquisition stage: the Schottky diode array of the transient signal conditioning module quickly limits the initial partial discharge signal to prevent overvoltage damage to subsequent modules, while accurately capturing the pulse leading edge (0-3ns) characteristics and outputting a limited signal; subsequently, the first operational amplifier module amplifies the limited signal with a high voltage slew rate, restoring the abrupt change characteristics of the pulse leading edge to obtain the transient signal. While the first acquisition channel module enters the acquisition stage, the second acquisition channel module is in the preparation stage: the low-pass filter module filters the initial partial discharge signal, suppressing high-frequency noise, retaining the effective components of the pulse trailing edge (3-10ns), and outputting a pre-processed signal to prepare for subsequent acquisition. At this time, the working times of the two channels overlap. Next, the first acquisition channel module enters the hold phase: the high-speed sampling and hold module performs transient feature preservation operation on the transient signal, quickly latches the signal peak and holds it stably to obtain the first hold signal; then the first impedance matching drive module converts the single-ended signal into a differential signal, and at the same time eliminates signal reflection through impedance matching, outputting the first differential signal. Simultaneously with the first acquisition channel module entering the hold phase, the second acquisition channel module enters the acquisition phase: the zero-drift amplification module accurately amplifies the preprocessed signal to avoid signal distortion caused by operational amplifier offset or temperature drift, restoring the subtle characteristics of the pulse trailing edge to obtain the acquired signal; then the precision sampling and hold module performs transient feature preservation operation on the acquired signal, stably latches the signal peak, preserves the pulse trailing edge characteristics, and obtains the second hold signal. Subsequently, the second acquisition channel module enters the hold phase: the second impedance matching drive module converts the single-ended second hold signal into a differential signal, suppresses common-mode interference, and at the same time achieves signal amplitude and phase fidelity transmission through impedance matching, outputting the second differential signal; if continuous pulses exist, the first acquisition channel module can start the next round of acquisition during the second acquisition channel module's hold phase, forming a secondary overlap to ensure no signal acquisition blind spots.

[0116] Step 103: The first differential signal and the second differential signal are fused by the signal fusion module to obtain the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0117] In this embodiment of the invention, a signal fusion module fuses the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal. Specifically, a timing calibration module aligns the first and second differential signals along their time axes based on characteristic points such as the start time of the pulse's leading edge and the end time of its trailing edge, ensuring precise matching of the two signals in the time dimension, resulting in a first and second time-aligned signal. A waveform splicing module seamlessly connects the leading edge of the first time-aligned signal with the trailing edge of the second time-aligned signal, forming a spliced ​​pulse waveform signal covering the entire pulse duration (0-10ns). An amplitude correction module, based on the gain difference between the first operational amplifier module and the zero-drift amplification module, and signal loss during transmission, uses algorithms such as the least squares method to calibrate the amplitude of the spliced ​​waveform, eliminating amplitude deviation and ultimately obtaining a complete and accurate ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

[0118] This invention solves the contradiction between high-speed capture of the pulse leading edge and precise preservation of the trailing edge in traditional single-channel acquisition by using the timing coordination of dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition. Combined with the precise processing of the signal fusion module, it realizes gapless and high-precision acquisition of the full-time characteristics of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses, providing reliable waveform data support for the accurate diagnosis of partial discharge faults.

[0119] This invention uses an ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensor to convert UHF electromagnetic pulses in the target area into initial partial discharge (PD) signals. A first and second parallel acquisition channel module collaboratively performs dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition to obtain a first differential signal and a second differential signal. These two signals are then fused by a signal fusion module to obtain an ultra-narrow PD pulse waveform signal. This application overcomes the limitations of traditional circuits by using dual-channel overlapping acquisition to broaden the dimensionality and maintaining the Schottky peak value to ensure feature integrity. This enables accurate capture and feature extraction of ultra-narrow PD transient pulses, providing reliable data support for PD source localization and identification. It solves the problem of insufficient acquisition in traditional circuits leading to inaccurate PD fault analysis, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of detection and diagnosis. Simultaneously, addressing the shortcomings of single-channel acquisition due to pulse randomness and low repetition rate, dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition increases the capture probability, compensating for the shortcomings of single-channel acquisition and ensuring comprehensive acquisition.

[0120] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0121] The memory can be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. The memory has storage space for program code used to perform any of the method steps described above. For example, the storage space for program code may include individual program codes for implementing the various steps in the methods described above. This program code can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, compact discs (CDs), memory cards, or floppy disks. The program code may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form. When run by a computing processing device, this code causes the computing processing device to perform the various steps in the methods described above.

[0122] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed, implements the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition as described in any embodiment of this invention.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0125] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0126] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0127] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0128] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A transient detection system for ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation, characterized in that, include: Ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors are used to convert UHF electromagnetic pulses in a target area into initial partial discharge signals. The first and second acquisition channel modules are connected in parallel with the ultra-high frequency sensor; The first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module are used to cooperate in performing dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition of the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a first differential signal and a second differential signal; The signal fusion module is used to fuse the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal; The first acquisition channel module includes: The transient signal conditioning module is used to perform transient capture and amplification operations on the initial partial discharge signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the acquisition phase, so as to obtain a transient signal; A high-speed sampling and holding module is used to perform transient feature preservation operation on the transient signal when the first acquisition channel module is in the holding phase, so as to obtain a first holding signal; The first impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the first holding signal to obtain the first differential signal; The second acquisition channel module includes: A low-pass filter module is used to filter the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a preprocessed signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the preparation stage; The zero-drift amplification module is used to amplify the preprocessed signal to obtain the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the acquisition stage. The precision sampling and holding module is used to perform transient feature holding operation on the acquired signal when the second acquisition channel module is in the holding phase, so as to obtain the second holding signal; The second impedance matching drive module is used to optimize the transmission of the second holding signal to obtain the second differential signal.

2. The ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transient signal conditioning module includes: A Schottky diode array is used to perform transient capture operation on the initial partial discharge signal to obtain a limiting signal; The first operational amplifier module is used to amplify the limited signal to obtain a transient signal.

3. The ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first impedance matching drive module includes: A first balun transformer is used to perform transient signal differential conversion on the first holding signal to obtain a first optimized differential signal; A first high-frequency resistor is used to perform reflection suppression operation on the first optimized differential signal to obtain the first differential signal.

4. The ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Therefore, the second impedance matching drive module includes: The second balun transformer is used to perform steady-state signal differential conversion on the second holding signal to obtain the second optimized differential signal; The second high-frequency resistor is used to perform amplitude-phase fidelity operation on the second optimized differential signal to obtain the second differential signal.

5. A transient detection system for ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak holding, as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The signal fusion module includes: The timing calibration module is used to perform timing alignment on the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain a first timing alignment signal and a second timing alignment signal; The waveform splicing module is used to splice the first timing alignment signal and the second timing alignment signal to obtain a spliced ​​pulse waveform signal. An amplitude correction module is used to correct the amplitude of the spliced ​​pulse waveform signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

6. A method for transient detection of ultra-narrow partial discharge pulses based on dual-path overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation, characterized in that, The method is applied to the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection system based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation includes an ultra-high frequency sensor, a first acquisition channel module, a second acquisition channel module, and a signal fusion module, and the method includes: The ultra-high frequency sensor converts the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse in the target area into an initial partial discharge signal. The initial partial discharge signal is acquired by the first acquisition channel module and the second acquisition channel module in collaboration to perform dual-channel parallel overlapping acquisition, thereby obtaining the first differential signal and the second differential signal; The signal fusion module fuses the first differential signal and the second differential signal to obtain an ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse waveform signal.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-channel overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in claim 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the ultra-narrow partial discharge pulse transient detection method based on dual-path overlapping acquisition and Schottky peak preservation as described in claim 6.

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