Staged gasification and reforming recovery method and device for retired fan blade

Abstract

The invention provides a graded gasification and reforming recovery method and device for retired fan blades, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste decomposition and recovery. The method comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of retired fan blade particles to 700-900 DEG C in an inert atmosphere, and introducing water vapor for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis gas is introduced into a porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst, periodic pulse Joule heating is carried out, the average temperature in the process is 900-1200 DEG C, and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is obtained; and cooling and recovering the glass fibers in an inert atmosphere after the pyrolysis is finished. The oxidation reaction can be prevented by heating in the inert atmosphere, and the glass fiber structure is protected; the resin matrix is completely decomposed by introducing water vapor, so that the glass fiber with high surface cleanliness and high tensile strength retention rate is obtained; then rapid multi-stage high temperature is achieved through the Joule effect, and the first-stage pyrolysis product is directionally converted into the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. The problems that an existing retired fan blade is high in recovery cost and large in environmental risk are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of solid waste decomposition and recycling, and particularly relates to a method and system for staged gasification and reforming recycling of decommissioned wind turbine blades, and particularly relates to a method and device for staged gasification and reforming recycling of decommissioned wind turbine blades to recycle glass fibers and prepare hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. BACKGROUND

[0002] The information disclosed in this BACKGROUND section is only for the purpose of increasing the understanding of the general background of the application and does not necessarily constitute an admission by the patent applicant(s) that this information constitutes prior art nor that this information is entirely accurate.

[0003] With the rapid growth of global wind power installed capacity, the problem of solid waste treatment formed by decommissioned wind turbine blades is increasingly prominent. Wind turbine blades are composed of composite materials, including glass fibers and resin materials. Because composite materials are difficult to degrade, the traditional landfill method is not the preferred means for treating decommissioned wind turbine blades. Pyrolysis, as the most promising recycling technology among current methods for treating decommissioned wind turbine blades, still faces many technical bottlenecks in actual application, such as insufficient purity of fiber recycling, poor gasification product regulation ability, and low energy efficiency of catalytic systems.

[0004] In the existing technology of directly cracking decommissioned wind turbine blade powder, regulating the cracking temperature can achieve composition regulation of the crude synthesis gas, but the quality of the recycled glass fibers is not considered, resulting in a large number of attachments (especially residual carbon) on the surface of the glass fibers, and low gas yield.

[0005] The technology of using pyrolysis promoters (such as acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) to pyrolyze decommissioned wind turbine blades can reduce the carbon content (<1%) and the tensile strength retention rate of the regenerated glass fibers. However, this method relies on chemical reagents to clean the fibers and inhibit the generation of pyrolysis carbon, and lacks regulation of gas byproducts, increasing the cost and post-processing burden.

[0006] The method of vacuum pyrolysis for decommissioned wind turbine blades in stages can recycle pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, and metal and fiber materials, achieving efficient resource utilization and low pollution emission; however, the synthesis gas regulation ability is weak, the product added value is low, and the system is complex and the energy consumption is high. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and device for staged gasification and reforming recycling of decommissioned wind turbine blades, which can convert decommissioned wind turbine blades into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas with high added value and glass fibers with high surface cleanliness and high tensile strength retention rate.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, a method for grading gasification and reforming recycling of retired wind turbine blades comprises the following steps: S1, heating the retired wind turbine blade particles to 700-900 DEG C in an inert atmosphere, and then introducing steam for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas; S2, introducing the pyrolysis gas into a porous medium loaded with active metal catalyst, and performing periodic pulse joule heating, with an average temperature of 900-1200 DEG C during the process, to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; S3, after pyrolysis, cooling and recovering the glass fibers in an inert atmosphere.

[0009] In a second aspect, a device for grading gasification and reforming recycling of retired wind turbine blades comprises a feeding device, a fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device and a periodic pulse joule heating device, which are in communication with each other, the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device is connected to an inert gas source and a gasification agent gas source respectively, and the periodic pulse joule heating device is provided with a porous medium loaded with active metal catalyst.

[0010] The present application has the following advantages: 1. The present application constructs a gradient pyrolysis system: first, heating in an inert atmosphere can effectively prevent oxidation reaction and protect the glass fiber structure; then, introducing a gasification agent in the first high-temperature pyrolysis zone to achieve complete decomposition of the resin matrix through precise temperature field control and reduce residual carbon, obtaining glass fibers with surface cleanliness > 98% and high tensile strength retention rate; the second stage of the joule heat reforming zone is configured with a porous medium reaction bed, which realizes rapid multi-stage high temperature through joule effect, and converts the first pyrolysis product into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. The problem of high cost and high environmental risk in the recycling of retired wind turbine blades is solved.

[0011] 2. The present application constructs a product regulation mechanism: in the pretreatment of raw materials, the retired wind turbine blades are first crushed into particles to increase the specific surface area and improve the pyrolysis efficiency; then, drying treatment is performed to reduce the moisture content and avoid water interference with the pyrolysis reaction; in the catalytic reforming process of pyrolysis gas, by adjusting the joule heat power and the gasification agent flow, a gasification agent flow-joule heat power synergistic regulation model is established to realize accurate regulation of the H2 / CO ratio in the range of 1.5-3.0. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof and serve to provide further understanding of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their description serve to explain the present application without unduly limiting it.

[0013] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for grading gasification and reforming recycling of retired wind turbine blades in Example 2 of the present application.

[0014] Figure 2It is a structure schematic view of the grading gasification and reforming recovery device for the retired wind turbine blade in the embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, 1, a feeding device; 2, a fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device; 3, a periodic pulse joule heating device; 4, an inert gas source; 5, a gasification agent gas source; 6, a cooling and filtering device.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a micro-morphology view of the glass fiber prepared in the comparative example 1 of the present application.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a micro-morphology view of the glass fiber prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0019] In a typical embodiment of the present application, a grading gasification and reforming recovery method for retired wind turbine blades is provided, comprising the following steps: S1, heating the retired wind turbine blade particles to 700-900℃ in an inert atmosphere, and then introducing water vapor for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas; S2, introducing the pyrolysis gas into a porous medium loaded with active metal catalyst for periodic pulse joule heating, with an average temperature of 900-1200℃ during the process, to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; S3, after pyrolysis, cooling and recovering the glass fiber in an inert atmosphere.

[0020] In the above process, first, the inert atmosphere is used to prevent the oxidation reaction of the retired wind turbine blade particles, and to protect the glass fiber structure. The treatment process of the resin matrix includes a primary pyrolysis process and a secondary joule heat reforming process. In the primary pyrolysis process, the resin matrix is completely pyrolyzed by adjusting the temperature with the participation of the gasification agent, reducing the residual carbon, and obtaining glass fiber with high surface cleanliness and high tensile strength retention rate. In the secondary joule heat reforming process of the pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis products are directionally converted into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas through joule effect for rapid multi-stage high temperature.

[0021] Optionally, the material of the retired wind turbine blade is glass fiber reinforced composite material, which is the mainstream type of wind turbine blades.

[0022] Optionally, in S1, the preparation method of the retired wind turbine blade particles includes: cutting and crushing the retired wind turbine blade into particles with a particle size of <10 cm, and then drying to a moisture content of <0.5wt%; crushing the retired wind turbine blade into particles can increase the specific surface area and improve the pyrolysis efficiency; a particle size of >10 cm may cause uneven pyrolysis, affecting the resin decomposition efficiency, and increasing the pyrolysis cost; drying can avoid water interference with the pyrolysis reaction.

[0023] Optionally, the drying method includes: drying at 100-110℃ for more than 4h, which can reduce the moisture content to below the target value, avoiding water interference with the pyrolysis reaction.

[0024] Optionally, in S1, the inert atmosphere includes one or more of nitrogen, argon and helium; the oxygen content of the pyrolysis atmosphere is <0.1% to protect the glass fiber structure.

[0025] Optionally, in S1, the pyrolysis process is carried out in a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor; it can accelerate the heating rate, realize rapid pyrolysis, and effectively avoid side reactions that occur during the heating process; the temperature is set to 700-900℃, when the pyrolysis temperature is too low, the resin decomposition is not complete, and the fiber surface is contaminated by residues; when the pyrolysis temperature is too high, the glass fiber will undergo glass transition, and the strength loss will increase sharply.

[0026] Optionally, in S1, the water vapor is a gasification agent; the purpose of using water vapor as a gasification agent includes: on the one hand, it reacts with carbon to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen (C + H2O → CO + H2), which plays a role in removing carbon; on the other hand, water vapor provides a proper hydrogen-oxygen ratio as a hydrogen source, combined with the subsequent periodic pulse Joule heating method, to reform the volatile matter and obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Optionally, in S1, the molar ratio of water vapor to inert gas in the pyrolysis stage is 1:(0.2-1.0), preferably 1:0.5, to ensure that the pyrolysis reaction atmosphere is controllable and the temperature is stable, while avoiding excessive dilution of the reactant concentration by inert gas, which affects the pyrolysis efficiency. The mass ratio of water vapor to retired wind turbine blade particles (S / B ratio) in the entire pyrolysis stage is 1.0-1.5; the unreacted water vapor in the pyrolysis stage will enter S2 step to continue to react and be converted into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; when the S / B ratio is less than 1.0, insufficient water vapor will increase the carbon deposition and increase the tar yield; when the S / B ratio is greater than 1.5, excessive steam will dilute the synthesis gas, which will reduce the reaction temperature and increase the heat loss.

[0027] Optionally, in S2, the porous medium comprises one or more of graphite carbon felt, foamed silicon carbide, and foamed carbon; and the active metal catalyst comprises one or more of iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based catalysts.

[0028] Optionally, in S2, the method of periodic pulse Joule heating comprises: using a method of periodic pulse heating, with a pulse time of 0.1-1s and a duty cycle (pulse time / period time) of 20-50%; a pulse time that is too short results in incomplete reaction, while a pulse time that is too long leads to increased equipment wear and tear, shortened porous medium catalyst life, and increased energy consumption; a duty cycle that is too small results in a temperature that is too low, making it difficult to continuously carry out the reaction; a duty cycle that is too high easily leads to overheating of the porous medium and melting and agglomeration of the metal catalyst, resulting in deactivation; Joule heating brings the average temperature to 900-1200℃; a temperature that is too low results in low carbon conversion, with unreacted carbon deposited in the porous medium, reducing the efficiency of the reaction zone; a temperature that is too high results in increased catalyst and equipment wear and tear, shortened porous medium catalyst life, and increased frequency of replacement, with poor energy consumption economics.

[0029] Optionally, in S2, the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is recovered after being cooled and filtered; the method of cooling and filtering comprises: using a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the gas to room temperature (20-40℃), and removing condensed water, tar, and fine particulate impurities through a quartz sand filter bed or a ceramic filter element, to ensure that the collected hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is free of liquid or solid impurities, and to improve the purity of the gas and the safety of storage and transportation.

[0030] Optionally, in S3, the glass fibers are recovered after being cooled to room temperature in the same inert atmosphere as in S1.

[0031] In one typical embodiment of the present application, a device for staged gasification and reforming of decommissioned wind turbine blades is provided, comprising a feeding device, a fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device, and a periodic pulse Joule heating device that are in communication with each other, the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device is connected to an inert gas source and a gasification agent gas source, respectively, and the periodic pulse Joule heating device is provided with a porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst.

[0032] In the above device, the feeding device is used to deliver decommissioned wind turbine blades that have been crushed to a set particle size and dried to the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device; the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device is used to heat the decommissioned wind turbine blades to a set pyrolysis temperature in an inert atmosphere, and to carry out pyrolysis after the introduction of a gasification agent, producing pyrolysis gas and preserving residual glass fibers; and the periodic pulse Joule heating device is used to subject the pyrolysis gas to periodic pulse Joule heating in the porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst, to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas that has undergone directional conversion.

[0033] Optionally, the periodic pulse Joule heating device is connected to a cooling and filtering device, which is used to cool and filter the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.

[0034] Optionally, the porous medium includes one or more of graphite carbon felt, foamed silicon carbide, and foamed carbon; the metallic catalyst includes one or more of iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based catalysts, which are used for catalytic conversion of pyrolysis gas into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.

[0035] Example 1 A device for recycling retired fan blades by staged gasification and reforming, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a feeding device 1, a fixed-bed pyrolysis reaction device 2 and a periodic pulse Joule heating device 3 which are interconnected. The fixed-bed pyrolysis reaction device 2 is respectively connected to an inert gas source 4 and a gasifying agent gas source 5. The downstream of the periodic pulse Joule heating device 3 is connected to a cooling and filtering device 6. A porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst is provided in the periodic pulse Joule heating device 3.

[0036] The feeding device 1 is used to transport the retired fan blades that have been crushed to a set particle size and dried to the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device 2, the inert gas source 4 is used to transport the inert gas to the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device 2, and the gasifying agent source 5 is used to transport the gasifying agent to the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device 2; the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device 2 is used to heat the retired fan blades to a set pyrolysis temperature under an inert atmosphere, and pyrolyze them after the gasifying agent is introduced, so as to preserve the residual glass fiber and transport the generated pyrolysis gas and gasifying agent to the periodic pulse Joule heating device 3; the periodic pulse Joule heating device 3 is used to subject the pyrolysis gas and gasifying agent to periodic pulse Joule heating in a porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst to obtain a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas of a directionally converted state, and transport the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to the cooling and filtering device 6; the cooling and filtering device 6 is used to cool and filter the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.

[0037] The porous medium includes one or more of graphite carbon felt, foamed silicon carbide, and foamed carbon; the active metal catalyst includes one or more of iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based catalysts. The porous medium and active metal catalyst can be replaced according to the specific process and are used for the catalytic conversion of pyrolysis gas into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.

[0038] Example 2 A method for recycling retired fan blades by graded gasification and reforming, using the equipment provided in Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1, the retired fan blade particles are segmented and broken into particles with a particle size of <10 cm, and then dried at 105°C for 5h until the moisture content is less than 0.5wt%; the treated retired fan blade particles are transported into the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device through the feeding device for primary pyrolysis: argon (inert gas) is introduced into the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device, and the oxygen content in the device is less than 0.1% by exhausting air, then water vapor (gasification agent) is introduced, the ratio of water vapor to argon is 1:0.5, the rapid pyrolysis process is started, the temperature of rapid pyrolysis is 800°C, the ratio of water vapor to material mass (S / B ratio) introduced in the whole pyrolysis stage is 1.0; obtain pyrolysis gas and residual glass fiber in the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device; S2, the pyrolysis gas and the mixed gasification agent are introduced into the periodic pulse joule heating device for secondary joule thermal reforming, and are in contact with the graphite carbon felt (porous medium loaded with active metal catalyst) loaded with nickel-based catalyst and are subjected to periodic pulse joule heating, the pulse time of periodic pulse joule heating is 0.5s, the duty cycle is 25%, the average temperature is 1000°C, the synthesis gas components are catalytically reformed, and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is obtained, and the cooled and filtered hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is collected in a gas bag; S3, the change of synthesis gas components is monitored in real time, when the concentration of active components such as H2 and CO decreases to less than 1%, it is determined that the pyrolysis is completed; after determining the end of pyrolysis, stop introducing water vapor into the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device before cooling and continue to introduce argon, then collect the glass fiber after the residual glass fiber in the fixed bed pyrolysis reaction device is naturally cooled in an inert atmosphere.

[0039] The glass fiber obtained in this example has a residual carbon content of 0.8% and a tensile strength retention rate of 98.3%; the collected hydrogen-rich synthesis gas has an H2 content of 61.5% and a CO content of 24.8% (H2 / CO=61.5% ÷ 24.8%=2.48), and a carbon conversion rate of 95.5%.

[0040] The residual carbon content of the glass fiber is determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which is the mass fraction of carbon attached to the surface of the glass fiber, and the unit is wt%. The tensile strength retention rate is the ratio of the tensile strength of the recovered glass fiber to the tensile strength of the virgin glass fiber, and the calculation formula is: tensile strength retention rate = (regenerated glass fiber tensile strength / virgin glass fiber tensile strength) x 100%, wherein the virgin glass fiber tensile strength is obtained according to the fan blade model and then according to the glass fiber specification; the H2 content and the CO content are the volume content, and the carbon conversion rate is the proportion of carbon in the retired fan blade converted into carbon in the gaseous product.

[0041] The micro-morphology diagram of the glass fiber obtained in this example is as follows: Figure 4As shown, it can be seen that the glass fiber surface is basically free of obvious carbon residue adhesion, the fiber surface is smooth and complete, the surface cleanliness is high, and the structure has not been obviously damaged, which together with the high numerical level of the tensile strength retention rate indicates that the method has better protection effect on the glass fiber.

[0042] Example 3 The difference between this example and Example 2 is that: In S1, the molar ratio of water vapor to inert gas in the pyrolysis stage is 1:1.0, the temperature of the fast pyrolysis is 900℃, and the S / B ratio is 1.2.

[0043] The glass fiber prepared in this example has a carbon residue of 0.7% and a tensile strength retention rate of 98.6%; the collected hydrogen-rich synthesis gas has an H2 proportion of 63.7%, a CO proportion of 22.1% (H2 / CO = 2.88), and a carbon conversion rate of 96.2%.

[0044] Example 4 The difference between this example and Example 2 is that: In S1, the molar ratio of water vapor to inert gas in the pyrolysis stage is 1:0.2, and the S / B ratio is 1.5.

[0045] In S2, the graphite carbon felt is loaded with an iron-based catalyst.

[0046] The glass fiber prepared in this example has a carbon residue of 1.0% and a tensile strength retention rate of 97.8%; the collected hydrogen-rich synthesis gas has an H2 proportion of 59.4%, a CO proportion of 27.3% (H2 / CO = 2.88), and a carbon conversion rate of 96.2%.

[0047] Example 5 The difference between this example and Example 2 is that: In S1, the temperature of the fast pyrolysis is 900℃, and the ratio of consumed water vapor to material mass is 1.5.

[0048] In S2, the pulse time of the periodic pulse joule heating is 0.5s, the duty cycle is 50%, and the average temperature is 1100℃.

[0049] The glass fiber prepared in this example has a carbon residue of 0.6% and a tensile strength retention rate of 98.0%; the collected hydrogen-rich synthesis gas has an H2 proportion of 64.9%, a CO proportion of 20.5% (H2 / CO = 3.16), and a carbon conversion rate of 95.9%.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that: In S1, the temperature of the fast pyrolysis is 650℃.

[0051] In S2, by adjusting the heating power, the average temperature is 900℃ at the pulse time of 0.5s and the duty cycle of 25%.

[0052] The glass fiber prepared in the comparative example has a carbon residue of 4.2% and a tensile strength retention rate of 94.8%. The H2 content in the synthesis gas is 23.6%, the CO content is 18.4% (H2 / CO = 1.28), and the carbon conversion rate is 76.3%.

[0053] The micro-morphology of the glass fiber obtained in the comparative example is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 3 As can be seen from FIG. 2, a large amount of carbon residue is attached to the surface of the glass fiber, and there are ablation, roughness and burr phenomena, which indicates that lower pyrolysis temperature and insufficient heat treatment strength are difficult to achieve effective carbon removal and structure protection.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 The difference between the comparative example and Example 2 is that: In S1, the temperature of the rapid pyrolysis is 700℃, and the ratio of the consumed water vapor to the mass of the material is 0.8.

[0055] In S2, the pulse time is 0.2s, the duty cycle is 20%, and the average temperature is 800℃.

[0056] The glass fiber prepared in the comparative example has a carbon residue of 1.0% and a tensile strength retention rate of 96.7%. The H2 content in the synthesis gas is 28.4%, the CO content is 32.7% (H2 / CO = 0.87), and the carbon conversion rate is 85.2%.

[0057] The data of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are sorted out to obtain Table 1.

[0058] Table 1

[0059] As can be seen, compared with the comparative examples, the glass fiber prepared in the examples has a significantly reduced carbon residue, an improved tensile strength retention rate, a significantly increased H2 content in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and a stable H2 / CO ratio of 2.18-3.16 after using a more optimal pyrolysis temperature, a more optimal amount of gasification agent and a suitable catalyst combination, which indicates that the process has obvious advantages in realizing resource recycling.

[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for recycling retired fan blades by graded gasification and reforming, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Heating the decommissioned fan blade particles to 700-900°C in an inert atmosphere, and then introducing water vapor for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas; S2, passing the pyrolysis gas into a porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst, performing periodic pulsed Joule heating, with an average temperature of 900-1200°C during the process, to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; S3. After the pyrolysis is completed, the glass fiber is cooled and recovered in an inert atmosphere.

2. The method for recycling retired fan blades by graded gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retired wind turbine blades are made of glass fiber reinforced composite material.

3. The method for recycling retired fan blades by graded gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the method for preparing retired fan blade particles includes: cutting and crushing the retired fan blades into particles with a particle size of less than 10 cm and then drying them to a moisture content of less than 0.5 wt %.

4. The method for recycling retired fan blades by graded gasification and reforming according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drying method includes: drying at 100-110°C for more than 4 hours.

5. The method for recycling retired fan blades by staged gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the inert atmosphere includes one or more of argon and helium.

6. The method for recycling retired wind turbine blades by staged gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the ratio of water vapor to inert gas in the pyrolysis stage is 1:(0.2~1.0), and the mass ratio of the water vapor to the retired fan blade particles is 1.0~1.

5.

7. The method for recycling retired fan blades by staged gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the porous medium includes one or more of graphite carbon felt, foamed silicon carbide, and foamed carbon; the metallic catalyst includes one or more of iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based catalysts; Or, in S2, the periodic pulse Joule heating method includes: using a periodic pulse heating method with a pulse time of 0.1 to 1 s and a duty cycle of 20% to 50%.

8. The method for recycling retired fan blades by staged gasification and reforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is recovered after cooling and filtration; Alternatively, in S3, the temperature is lowered to room temperature in the same inert atmosphere as in S1, and the glass fibers are recovered.

9. A device for the graded gasification and reforming recovery of retired fan blades, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feeding device, a fixed-bed pyrolysis reaction device and a periodic pulse Joule heating device which are interconnected. The fixed-bed pyrolysis reaction device is respectively connected to an inert gas source and a gasifying agent gas source. The periodic pulse Joule heating device is provided with a porous medium loaded with an active metal catalyst.

10. The device for recycling retired fan blades by staged gasification and reforming according to claim 9, characterized in that: The periodic pulse Joule heating device is connected to the cooling and filtering device; Alternatively, the porous medium includes one or more of graphite carbon felt, foamed silicon carbide, and foamed carbon; and the active metal catalyst includes one or more of iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based catalysts.

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