Brown soil improver, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention provides a brown soil improver as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvers. Based on the effect of long-term application of an organic fertilizer, a mode of combining the organic fertilizer with a specific additive is adopted, and the brown soil improver is prepared from livestock and poultry manure, plant residues, soil and the additive, so that the soil structure can be effectively improved, the porosity and air permeability of the soil are improved, the retention capacity of water and nutrients is improved, and water evaporation is reduced; the pressure resistance of the soil is enhanced, the soil can be helped to keep more moisture in drought seasons, the irrigation requirement is reduced, and the moisture utilization efficiency is improved; the water-retaining property, the nutrient storage capacity and the microbial activity of the soil can be improved, and the long-term fertility of the soil is enhanced; the soil health can be improved, the organic matter content of the brown soil can be increased, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the soil is more sustainable, the dependence on chemical fertilizers is reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil improver, in particular to a brown soil improver, a preparation method and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soil is the most important basic resource in agricultural production. For a long time, unreasonable agricultural cultivation modes such as excessive continuous cropping and unscientific deep and shallow tillage alternation have destroyed the original stable aggregate structure of soil, resulting in poor soil aeration and water permeability. At the same time, excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers in agricultural production and the decline of fertilizer efficiency after long-term fertilization of soil may make the soil structure loose or compacted, resulting in a decrease in soil organic matter content and a decrease in water retention capacity and low nutrient use efficiency.

[0003] With the continuous development of agricultural production and the high dependence on land resources, the decline of soil quality has become a global problem restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. As a typical agricultural soil, brown soil has a low organic matter content. Long-term cultivation and unreasonable agricultural production modes have led to the loss of soil organic matter, further affecting the soil fertility and physical properties of soil. Soil with low organic matter content shows poor water retention capacity, poor aeration, and compacted soil structure, which further inhibits the development of crop root systems and affects crop growth and yield.

[0004] Organic matter, as an important indicator of soil fertility, is one of the most critical components of the soil ecosystem. By increasing the content of soil organic matter, not only can the nutrient content of soil be improved, but also the physical properties of soil can be improved, such as improving the structure of soil, enhancing the water retention, aeration, and drainage capacity of soil, promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, and effectively increasing the fertility of soil. However, traditional soil improvement methods involve the use of organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers can increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, improve the physical structure of soil, and promote the reproduction and metabolism of soil microorganisms, thereby improving the fertility of soil. However, in actual agricultural production, due to the uneven quality of organic fertilizers and unscientific application methods, it is difficult to achieve the goal of increasing the content of soil organic matter, and soil problems are even exacerbated. Excessive use of organic fertilizers that have not been scientifically treated leads to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil, slow microbial decomposition, and insufficient accumulation of organic matter. In some areas, although the amount of organic fertilizer is high, due to the lack of supporting tillage and irrigation measures, the organic fertilizer is difficult to fully integrate with the soil, which not only fails to effectively improve the fertility of soil, but also may lead to new problems such as soil compaction and salinization.

[0005] In recent years, with the in-depth study of the concept of ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture, scientists have gradually proposed to use more scientific and reasonable organic fertilizer application methods and formulas to improve soil quality and increase the content of soil organic matter and physical properties. For the special properties of brown soil, through long-term application of organic fertilizer, not only can increase the accumulation of soil organic matter, but also can effectively promote the improvement of soil structure, and then realize the goal of soil improvement.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new soil improvement technology that can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter and improve the physical properties of soil on the basis of continuous application of organic fertilizer. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a brown soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application, which is prepared from livestock and poultry manure, plant residues, soil and additives, can effectively improve the soil structure, increase the organic matter content of brown soil, and improve the water and nutrient retention capacity.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present application provides a preparation method of a brown soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) preparing a basic conditioner according to the mass ratio of 40-60% of livestock and poultry manure, 20-40% of plant residues and 10-30% of soil;

[0011] (2) adding diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar and humic acid in the basic conditioner to obtain a fermentation substrate;

[0012] (3) high-temperature fermentation of the fermentation substrate for 12-24h, drying to obtain the brown soil conditioner.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the livestock and poultry manure includes one of pig manure and cow manure; the plant residues include one or more of corn stalks, soybean stalks and alfalfa.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the addition amount of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar and humic acid is 1-3%, 1-2%, 0.1-1%, 2-10% and 2-5% of the mass of the basic conditioner in step (1), respectively.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the fermentation temperature is 50-80℃.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the basic conditioner contains 50% of livestock and poultry manure, 30% of plant residues and 20% of brown soil.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar and humic acid added in step (2) is 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 5% and 3% of the mass of the base modifier in step (1), respectively.

[0018] The application also provides a brown soil modifier prepared according to the preparation method of the above brown soil modifier.

[0019] The application also provides the use of the above brown soil modifier in brown soil improvement.

[0020] The application also provides a method for improving brown soil using the above brown soil modifier, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The amount of the brown soil modifier is determined according to the condition of the brown soil, and the brown soil modifier and the hydrogel are applied to the brown soil to be improved before planting.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) Based on the effect of long-term application of organic fertilizer, the application uses a combination of organic fertilizer and specific additives to prepare a brown soil modifier using livestock and poultry manure, plant residues, soil and additives, which can effectively improve soil structure, increase soil porosity and aeration, improve water and nutrient retention, reduce water evaporation, and enhance soil compression resistance, helping the soil to retain more water during the dry season, reducing irrigation demand, and improving water use efficiency; it can improve the water retention, nutrient storage capacity and microbial activity of the soil, enhance the long-term fertility of the soil, improve the health of the soil and increase the organic matter content of the brown soil, and improve the nutrient utilization efficiency, making the soil more sustainable, reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0024] (2) The application uses a composite formula of biochar and organic fertilizer, which can make the organic fertilizer more evenly distributed in the soil by mixing organic fertilizer with a certain proportion of biochar. Biochar can effectively improve the pore structure of the soil, increase the water retention of the soil, improve the aeration of the soil, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and significantly increase the organic matter content of the soil.

[0025] (3) The application adds a hydrogel material during the application of the brown soil modifier, which can absorb and retain water, slowly release water during soil drought, reduce water evaporation, effectively improve the water retention capacity of the soil, and has important application value in arid or semi-arid areas.

[0026] (4) The present application adopts deep ploughing or deep fertilization technology, and the brown soil modifier and hydrogel are deep applied into the soil, so that the organic matter content of the deep layer of the soil is improved, the deep structure of the soil is improved, and the compression resistance and water retention capacity of the soil are enhanced. The deep application technology can promote the growth of crop roots and help the crops absorb. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 The response relationship between the annual input amount in the test example 1 of the present application and the change rate of organic carbon. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms described in the present application are only for describing the specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present application. In addition, for the numerical range in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value in the stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the stated range is also included in the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains. Although preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are concerned. In the event of any conflict between the content of this specification and the documents incorporated by reference, the content of this specification will control.

[0032] Many modifications and variations of the present application specification can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments resulting from the present application specification will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present application specification and examples are only exemplary.

[0033] As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or variations thereof, are intended to be open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] The embodiment 1 of the present application provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0036] The pine wood is carbonized at 400℃ for 8 hours to form biochar, and the pH is 8-10, and the nutrient content is (carbon: 65%; nitrogen: 1%; phosphorus: 0.5%; potassium: 2%).

[0037] (1) A basic conditioner is obtained by mixing pig manure (moisture content 70%, organic matter 20%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients 3%, mineral matter 5%, trace elements 2%) 50%, corn straw 30%, and soil 20% according to the mass ratio.

[0038] (2) The following additives are added to the basic conditioner of step (1) according to the mass ratio (each additive is x% of the mass of the basic conditioner):

[0039] Diammonium phosphate 2%, potassium sulfate 1%, calcium sulfate 0.5%, biochar 5%, humic acid 3%, and stirring uniformly to obtain fermentation raw materials.

[0040] (3) The fermentation raw materials are put into a fermentation equipment, the temperature is controlled at 70℃, high-temperature fermentation treatment is carried out, and continuous fermentation is carried out for 24 hours to fully decompose the organic matter therein. After fermentation is completed, the mixture is screened and dried to reduce the moisture content to 15% to ensure that the fertilizer is easy to store and use, and a soil conditioner is obtained.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] The embodiment 2 of the present application provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] The pine wood is carbonized at 400℃ for 8 hours to form biochar, and the pH is 8-10, and the nutrient content is (carbon: 65%; nitrogen: 1%; phosphorus: 0.5%; potassium: 2%).

[0044] (1) A basic conditioner is obtained by mixing pig manure (moisture content 70%, organic matter 20%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients 3%, mineral matter 5%, trace elements 2%) 50%, corn straw 30%, and soil 20% according to the mass ratio.

[0045] (2) The following additives are added to the basic conditioner of step (1) according to the mass ratio (each additive is x% of the mass of the basic conditioner):

[0046] Diammonium phosphate 2%, potassium sulfate 1%, calcium sulfate 0.5%, biochar 5%, humic acid 3%, and stirring uniformly to obtain fermentation raw materials.

[0047] (3) Put the fermentation raw material into the fermentation equipment, control the temperature at 80℃, and perform high-temperature fermentation treatment, continuously ferment for 24 hours, so that the organic matter therein is fully decomposed. After the fermentation is completed, screen and dry the mixture, reduce the water content to 15%, ensure that the fertilizer is easy to store and use, and obtain the soil conditioner.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] Biochar is formed by carbonizing pine wood at 400℃ for 8 hours, the pH is 8-10, and the nutrient content (carbon: 65%; nitrogen: 1%; phosphorus: 0.5%; potassium: 2%).

[0050] (1) A base conditioner is obtained by mixing cow dung 60%, alfalfa 20%, and soil 20% by mass ratio.

[0051] (2) Add the following additives to the base conditioner of step (1) in the following mass ratio (each additive is x% of the mass of the base conditioner):

[0052] Diammonium phosphate 3%, potassium sulfate 1%, calcium sulfate 0.2%, biochar 3%, humic acid 5%, and stir uniformly to obtain the fermentation raw material.

[0053] (3) Put the fermentation raw material into the fermentation equipment, control the temperature at 50℃, and perform high-temperature fermentation treatment, continuously ferment for 24 hours, so that the organic matter therein is fully decomposed. After the fermentation is completed, screen and dry the mixture, reduce the water content to 15%, ensure that the fertilizer is easy to store and use, and obtain the soil conditioner.

[0054] Test Example 1

[0055] The effect of the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 is detected in Test Example 1 of the present application, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0056] Test design: The test site is located at Tianzhushan Scientific Research Base, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, and the test plot area is 160m 2 2 per plot. Control and improvement are set up, and each treatment has 4 repeats, totaling 8 plots.

[0057] Application method: Deep plowing before sowing, and then using the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 in the plowing layer, and then using polyacrylic acid-based hydrogel in the conditioner. The conditioner, hydrogel, and soil are fully mixed using mechanical equipment. For different soil conditions, the application depth and amount are adjusted to improve the soil improvement effect. Among them, the application depth of the soil conditioner is 20-30cm, the application amount is 13.5t / ha, and the application amount of the hydrogel is 10-20g per square meter. After plowing, the soil physical and chemical properties are detected, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1 Soil nutrient content

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 1, after treatment with soil amendments and tillage methods, the soil organic matter content increased significantly, by 23.6% compared with the control; the pH value and soil bulk density increased slightly, by 16.4% and 13.0% respectively compared with the control; the content of soil macroaggregates increased significantly, by 73.3% compared with the control.

[0062] Based on 40 years of long-term positioning experimental research, the present invention deduces the balance point between the decomposition rate of organic carbon and the maintenance of soil organic matter stability. Figure 1 As shown, the increase in organic carbon under each treatment in the long-term brown soil experiment showed a significant linear correlation with the corresponding carbon input. Statistical analysis showed that to maintain brown soil organic carbon content (i.e., zero organic carbon change), an annual organic carbon input of 0.8431 tons / ha / year is required. Conventional annual fertilization, such as stubble, maintains soil carbon balance without the need for additional organic fertilizer. To increase brown soil organic matter by 10%, an annual amendment input of 16 tons / ha is required; to increase organic matter by 20%, an amendment input of 32 tons / ha is required.

[0063] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a brown soil conditioner, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) preparing a base amendment according to a mass ratio of 40-60% livestock and poultry manure, 20-40% plant residue, and 10-30% soil; (2) adding diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar, and humic acid to a base improver and mixing them to obtain a fermentation matrix; (3) Fermenting the fermentation substrate at high temperature for 12 to 24 hours and drying to obtain a brown soil improver.

2. The method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the livestock and poultry manure includes one of pig manure and cow manure; and the plant residue includes one or more of corn straw, soybean straw, and alfalfa.

3. The method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), the addition amounts of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar, and humic acid are 1-3%, 1-2%, 0.1-1%, 2-10%, and 2-5% of the mass of the base improver in step (1), respectively.

4. The method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the fermentation temperature is 50-80°C.

5. The method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the base improver contains 50% of livestock and poultry manure, 30% of plant residues and 20% of brown soil.

6. The method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein: In step (2), the addition amounts of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, biochar, and humic acid are 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 5%, and 3% of the mass of the base improver in step (1), respectively.

7. A brown soil conditioner prepared according to the method for preparing the brown soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Use of the brown soil conditioner according to claim 7 in improving brown soil.

9. A method for improving brown soil using the brown soil conditioner according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: The amount of brown soil conditioner to be used is inferred based on the brown soil conditions, and the brown soil conditioner is applied to the brown soil to be improved before planting.

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