Desilting device and method based on air pressure drainage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater desilting, in particular to a desilting device and method based on air pressure drainage. The desilting device comprises a mud barge assembly used for floating on the water surface, and the mud barge assembly is provided with an avoiding area; an opening is formed in the bottom of the operation cabin, and the operation cabin can be arranged in the avoiding area in a lifting mode relative to the mud barge assembly and is used for sinking to the water bottom to form a dry construction operation area; the lifting mechanism is arranged on the mud barge assembly and used for driving the operation cabin to ascend and descend; the air pressure chamber is used for inflating the operation cabin to enable water in the operation cabin to be discharged out of the operation cabin to form a dry construction operation area; and the desilting mechanism is arranged in the operation cabin and is used for cleaning sludge. The mud barge assembly can float on the water surface, when the operation cabin is lifted and moved, the operation cabin is inflated through the air pressure chamber, air pressure is adjusted, water in the operation cabin is discharged, a dry environment is formed, the dredging mechanism works in the dry environment, it is avoided that sludge diffuses into water to affect the water ecology, use is convenient, and dredging is efficient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underwater dredging, in particular to a dredging device and method based on air pressure drainage. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lake biological sedimentation and natural sediment accumulation accompanied by pollution inflow will cause sediment deposition at the bottom of the water, which will destroy the ecological balance and cause ecological pollution over a long period of time, and the sediment needs to be removed. Common dredging methods include biological dredging, which is eco-friendly and has long-term significant effects, but is slow-acting and has limited large-scale dredging management capacity and low efficiency; chemical dredging, which is highly targeted for specific pollutants, but can easily introduce chemical residues and destroy the ecological balance of the water body; and mechanical dredging, such as dredging ships, which have high efficiency and precise control, but have high equipment costs and can easily affect surrounding facilities such as revetments, and large equipment is difficult to enter shallow lakes due to water depth restrictions, and all of the above are open dredging, which causes sediment dispersion and pollution of the lake water during dredging; a high-efficiency dredging method with less impact on the environment and surrounding environment is needed. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems in the background art, and to provide a dredging device and method based on air pressure drainage.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present application is: a dredging device based on air pressure drainage, the dredging device comprising, a barge assembly, the barge assembly being configured to float on the water surface, the barge assembly being provided with an avoidance area; a work cabin, the work cabin being provided with an opening at the bottom, the work cabin being configured to be lifted relative to the barge assembly and located in the avoidance area, and the work cabin being configured to sink to the bottom of the water to form a dry work area; a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism being configured to be provided on the barge assembly and configured to drive the work cabin to move up and down; an air pressure chamber, the air pressure chamber being configured to inflate the work cabin to discharge water in the work cabin and form the dry work area; a dredging mechanism, the dredging mechanism being configured to be provided in the work cabin and configured to clean the sediment.

[0005] According to the present application, a dredging device based on air pressure drainage is provided, the work cabin comprises a dredging cabin provided with the opening at the bottom and a sediment temporary storage cabin connected to the dredging cabin, and the dredging mechanism comprises a track provided in the dredging cabin, a mechanical arm slidingly provided on the track, and a dredging piece provided on the mechanical arm, the mechanical arm being configured to slide on the track and move the dredging piece to adjust the activity range of the dredging piece.

[0006] According to the present application, a dredging device based on air pressure drainage is provided, the dredging piece comprises a shovel. The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0007] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0008] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0009] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0010] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0011] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0012] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0013] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0014] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0015] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0016] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0017] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0018] The application provides a dredging device based on air pressure drainage.

[0019] The application provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage. Lowering the operation cabin and inflating the operation cabin to drain water in the operation cabin; After inserting the silt into the bottom of the operation cabin, the air pressure in the operation cabin is adjusted to be not less than the water pressure of the water bottom. Using the dredging mechanism to clean the silt in the operation cabin after the drainage.

[0020] The application provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage. Using the dredging mechanism to move the silt to the conveying assembly; When the air pressure of the transition cabin is consistent with the air pressure of the dredging cabin, the silt is conveyed into the transition cabin; After the transition cabin is depressurized, the silt is conveyed into the silt temporary storage cabin.

[0021] The application provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage. Lowering the operation cabin, gradually increasing the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin and the water pressure P of the lowering depth, and draining the water in the dredging cabin. The application provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage. Recording the water bottom depth h1 of the lowering of the operation cabin and the silt insertion depth h0, and adjusting the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin to be P1=ρg(h1+h0). The application provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage. After the silt in the depth h0 of the working cabin is cleaned, the depth h2 is continued to be inserted, the air pressure P1=ρg(h1+h0+h2) in the dredging cabin is adjusted, and the dredging mechanism is used to continue to clean the silt.

[0022] The silt in the silt storage cabin is moved to the silt solidification construction cabin for solidification construction, and the silt after the solidification construction is moved to the solidified soil temporary storage cabin for storage.

[0023] The silt in the silt storage cabin is moved to the silt solidification construction cabin for solidification construction, and the silt after the solidification construction is moved to the solidified soil temporary storage cabin for storage. The silt in the silt storage cabin is moved to the silt solidification construction cabin for solidification construction, and the silt after the solidification construction is moved to the solidified soil temporary storage cabin for storage. After the silt in the dredging cabin is dredged, the acoustic equipment is used to scan the bottom mud surface of the water to determine the dredging elevation.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present application include: 1. The mud barge assembly floats on the water surface, the working cabin is movably installed on the mud barge assembly through the lifting mechanism, the dredging mechanism is arranged in the working cabin, the bottom of the working cabin is opened, the working cabin is inflated through the air pressure chamber and the air pressure in the working cabin is adjusted when the working cabin is lowered, the water in the working cabin is discharged, the working cabin is inserted into the silt in a relatively dry environment, the dredging mechanism works in a dry working area, the corrosion of the dredging mechanism is slowed down, the service life is prolonged, the silt is not diffused into the water during dredging, the silt in the shallow water area is dredged conveniently, the dredging is efficient, and the influence on the ecology and the surrounding environment is reduced. 2. The silt temporary storage cabin is used to store silt when the working cabin is lowered, the mechanical arm on the track and the sliding track is used to drive the dredging part at the far end of the mechanical arm to move in the working cabin, so that the activity range of the dredging part covers the dredging cabin area, and the silt is dredged comprehensively. 3. The silt in the dredging cabin can be transported to the transition cabin through the conveying assembly, so that the dredging mechanism can continuously dredge, and the dredging efficiency is improved. 4. The transition cabin connects the dredging cabin and the silt temporary storage cabin, the silt dredged in the dredging cabin is moved to the silt temporary storage cabin, the air pressure in the transition cabin is adjusted to be consistent with that in the dredging cabin, after the silt is moved in, the first sealing door is closed and the pressure is released, then the second sealing door is opened, the silt is moved from the transition cabin to the silt temporary storage cabin, and the air pressure in the dredging cabin is stable during the silt transfer. 5. Two groups of the conveying assembly, the dredging mechanism, the transition cabin and the silt temporary storage cabin are arranged in the working cabin, so that the two groups of dredging mechanisms can dredge to improve the dredging efficiency, the setting position relationship is convenient for balancing the working cabin, avoids that one side is heavier, and facilitates the dredging mechanism to select the nearest conveying assembly to transfer the silt. 6、The mud barge assembly of the present application is designed ingeniously, and the two mud barge floating bodies are arranged at intervals to form an avoiding area and are connected by a plurality of connecting beams, thereby improving the stability of floating on the water surface; 7、The mud barge floating body comprises a sludge storage cabin, which is used for storing sludge in the sludge temporary storage cabin after the operation cabin is lifted, so that the sludge storage capacity can be improved and a large amount of dredging can be realized; 8、The water pressure of the depth of the downward movement can be detected by the water pressure sensor at the bottom of the operation cabin, which provides a reference for the air pressure chamber to adjust the air pressure in the operation cabin, and the distance of the downward movement depth is judged according to the relationship between the water pressure and the depth; the sludge and working equipment in the operation cabin can be observed by the camera; 9、The sludge surface height in the sludge temporary storage cabin can be detected by the object induction sensor, so that the storage capacity can be judged, and the operation cabin can be moved upward to transfer out the sludge and then moved downward for dredging operation when the maximum storage capacity is reached; 10、The present application provides a kind of based on gas pressure drainage's dredging method, make full use of the structural characteristics of the based on gas pressure drainage's dredging device provided by the present application, when operation cabin is moved downward, it is filled with gas to control cabin air pressure and discharge water in cabin, realize dry environment operation, adjust cabin air pressure not less than water pressure after inserting sludge, can avoid water flowing into operation cabin during dredging operation, then use dredging mechanism to dredge in dry environment, can avoid sludge spreading to water and affecting ecological environment; 11、Segmented downward movement cleans the sludge on the bottom of the water, which can reduce the damping of the operation cabin inserted into the sludge, and avoid the excessive air pressure in the dredging cabin caused by drainage, thereby improving the safety of operation.

[0025] The based on gas pressure drainage's dredging device provided by the present application, the mud barge assembly is convenient to float in shallow water area, the lifting mechanism is installed and lifted on the mud barge assembly to move the operation cabin, the air is filled into the operation cabin through the air pressure chamber when the operation cabin is lifted and moved, the air pressure is adjusted to discharge water in the operation cabin to form a dry environment, the dredging mechanism is convenient to operate in the dry environment after the operation cabin is inserted into the sludge, which is convenient to use and avoids the sludge spreading to the water to affect the water ecology, and has great popularization value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the based on gas pressure drainage's dredging device; Figure 2 The front view structure diagram of the based on gas pressure drainage's dredging device; Figure 3 The side view structure diagram of the based on gas pressure drainage's dredging device; Figure 4 The top view structure diagram of the operation cabin with the dredging mechanism and the conveying assembly; Figure 5 The front view structure diagram of the operation cabin; Figure 6: Side view structure diagram of the operation cabin; Figure 7 : Structure diagram of the mechanical arm connecting the dredging element; Figure 8 : Structure diagram of the mud barge floating body; Figure 9 : Structure diagram of the dredging device using the positioning anchor for traction stability; Figure 10 : Structure diagram of the dredging device in the state of segmental dredging; Figure 11 : Dredging flow diagram of the dredging device; Wherein: 1-mud barge assembly; 11-mud barge floating body; 111-silt storage cabin; 112-silt solidification construction cabin; 113-solidified soil temporary storage cabin; 12-connection beam; 2-operation cabin; 20-opening; 21-dredging cabin; 22-transition cabin; 23-silt temporary storage cabin; 3-lifting mechanism; 31-telescopic cylinder; 4-air pressure chamber; 5-dredging mechanism; 51-track; 52-mechanical arm; 53-dredging element; 6-conveying assembly; 7-counterweight area; 71-counterweight; 8-positioning anchor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary, the drawings are not drawn to scale, and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0028] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] In order to quickly clean the silt while reducing the influence on the water ecology, the mechanical dredging method is usually used, and the existing dredging mechanism 5 such as a dredger is not convenient for operation in a shallow water area due to the draft limitation, and is open for dredging, so that the silt is diffused into the water to affect the surrounding environment.

[0032] The present application relates to a kind of based on air pressure drainage's dredging device, through mud barge assembly 1 float in water surface, through lifting mechanism 3 with operating cabin 2 lifting movement installation in mud barge assembly 1, dredging mechanism 5 is arranged in operating cabin 2, operating cabin 2 bottom opening 20, operating cabin 2 is inflated and the air pressure in operating cabin 2 is adjusted when moving down operating cabin 2 by air pressure chamber 4, water in operating cabin 2 is discharged, so that operating cabin 2 is inserted into silt when operating cabin 2 is relatively dry environment, so that dredging mechanism 5 carries out dredging in " dry " work area, slow down the corrosion of dredging mechanism 5, prolong the use time, silt is not diffused into water when dredging, realize the dredging in shallow water area, and the influence on ecology and surrounding environment can be reduced.

[0033] A kind of based on air pressure drainage's dredging device, specifically, as shown in Figures 1-10 The present application relates to a kind of based on air pressure drainage's dredging device, through mud barge assembly 1 float in water surface, through lifting mechanism 3 with operating cabin 2 lifting movement installation in mud barge assembly 1, dredging mechanism 5 is arranged in operating cabin 2, operating cabin 2 bottom opening 20, operating cabin 2 is inflated and the air pressure in operating cabin 2 is adjusted when moving down operating cabin 2 by air pressure chamber 4, water in operating cabin 2 is discharged, so that operating cabin 2 is inserted into silt when operating cabin 2 is relatively dry environment, so that dredging mechanism 5 carries out dredging in " dry " work area, slow down the corrosion of dredging mechanism 5, prolong the use time, silt is not diffused into water when dredging, realize the dredging in shallow water area, and the influence on ecology and surrounding environment can be reduced.

[0034] In certain embodiments, as Figure 4As shown, the work cabin 2 includes a dredging cabin 21 and a sludge temporary storage cabin 23, the dredging cabin 21 is provided with the opening 20 at the bottom, and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 is communicated with the dredging cabin 21 and used for storing the sludge cleaned by the dredging mechanism 5 after a single diving of the work cabin 2. The dredging mechanism 5 includes a track 51 arranged in the dredging cabin 21, a mechanical arm 52 slidingly arranged on the track 51, and a dredging piece 53 arranged on the mechanical arm 52. The mechanical arm 52 is used for sliding on the track 51 and moving the dredging piece 53 to adjust the activity range of the dredging piece 53. The dredging mechanism 5 can drive the dredging piece 53 at the distal end of the mechanical arm 52 to move in the work cabin 2 through the track 51 and the mechanical arm 52 slidingly arranged on the track 51, so that the activity range of the dredging piece 53 covers the surface area of the dredging cabin 21, and the comprehensive dredging is achieved. The sludge temporary storage cabin 23 can be consistent with the pressure in the dredging cabin 21. After a single diving for cleaning the sludge is completed, the sludge in the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 is transferred after the work cabin 2 is moved upward by the lifting mechanism 3.

[0035] Preferably, as Figures 4-7 shown, the dredging piece 53 includes a bucket arranged at one end of the mechanical arm 52 away from the track 51. The mechanical arm 52 moves and controls the posture of the bucket to dredge.

[0036] Based on that the work cabin 2 includes the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, as Figures 4-6 shown, the work cabin 2 is provided with a conveying assembly 6 for conveying the sludge cleaned by the dredging mechanism 5 (the dredging piece 53) from the dredging cabin 21 to the sludge temporary storage cabin 23. Optionally, one end of the conveying assembly 6 is low, the other end is high, and the conveying assembly 6 is arranged corresponding to the transition cabin 22, as Figure 6 shown, the conveying assembly 6 includes a low translation section, an ascending section, and a high translation section. The ascending section is located between the low translation section and the high translation section.

[0037] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 and Figure 6 shown, the dredging device further includes a transition cabin 22. The transition cabin 22 is used for communicating with the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 and adjusting the air pressure of the transition cabin 22 to transfer the sludge in cooperation with the air pressure chamber 4. The transition cabin 22 can be arranged on the barge assembly 1. After a single diving dredging work is completed, the transition cabin 22 is moved upward to communicate with the sludge temporary storage cabin 23. After the pressure of the transition cabin 22 is adjusted to be consistent (substantially the same) with the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, the sludge is transferred to the transition cabin 22 on the barge assembly 1. The transition cabin 22 can also be arranged in the work cabin 2.

[0038] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the dredging device of the present application further comprises a transition cabin 22; the transition cabin 22 is arranged between the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, and the transition cabin 22 is connected with the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 on both sides and is respectively provided with a first sealing door and a second sealing door between the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, which is used to adjust the air pressure of the transition cabin 22 to be consistent (approximately the same) with the air pressure of the dredging cabin 21 or the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 when the sludge is transferred; under this scheme, the conveying assembly 6 directly conveys the sludge to the transition cabin 22 and indirectly to the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, and the air pressure of the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 is consistent with the atmospheric pressure. The air pressure chamber 4 controls the air pressure of the dredging cabin 21 and the transition cabin 22, and since the pressure of the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 is inconsistent, the dredging mechanism 5 works in the dredging cabin 21, when the sludge is transferred, the second sealing door is closed, and after the air pressure of the transition cabin 22 is consistent with the air pressure of the dredging cabin 21, the conveying assembly 6 conveys the sludge into the transition cabin 22, then the first sealing door is closed, and after the air pressure of the transition cabin 22 is consistent with the air pressure of the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 (atmospheric pressure), the second sealing door is opened to move the sludge into the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, so as to ensure that the dredging cabin 21 always has stable pressure drainage.

[0039] Preferably, as shown, Figure 6 The transition cabin 22 is located above the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, which facilitates the sludge to be moved into the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 under the action of gravity.

[0040] Based on the fact that the transition cabin 22 is arranged between the dredging cabin 21 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, as shown, Figure 4 The conveying assembly 6, the dredging mechanism 5, the transition cabin 22 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 are both provided with two groups in the working cabin 2; the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 and the transition cabin 22 are arranged on the opposite sides of the edge of the dredging cabin 21; the two groups of conveying assemblies 6 are arranged on the other two sides of the edge of the dredging cabin 21, and the tracks 51 of the two groups of dredging mechanisms 5 are arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveying assembly 6. The two groups of sludge temporary storage cabins 23 and transition cabins 22 can be connected with the same dredging cabin 21. Alternatively, they can be connected with different dredging cabins 21. The conveying assembly 6, the dredging mechanism 5, the transition cabin 22 and the sludge temporary storage cabin 23 are both provided with two groups in the working cabin 2, which can improve the dredging efficiency of the two groups of dredging mechanisms 5, and the arrangement position relationship facilitates the balance of the working cabin 2, avoids the weight of one side being heavier, and facilitates the dredging mechanism 5 to select the nearest conveying assembly 6 to transfer the sludge.

[0041] In another embodiment, the working cabin 2 comprises a plurality of working units, each working unit comprising a dredging cabin 21, a sludge temporary storage cabin 23, a conveying assembly 6 and a dredging mechanism 5, and each working unit can be provided with one air pressure chamber 4, or one air pressure chamber 4 can be used to control the air pressure of different cabins of multiple working units.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, as shown, Figure 2As shown, the lifting mechanism 3 includes multiple telescopic cylinders 31. The telescopic cylinders 31 can be telescopic parts of the hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder or other types. The fixed end of the telescopic cylinder 31 is set on the mud barge assembly 1, and the telescopic end is connected to the working cabin 2 to drive the working cabin 2 to move up and down.

[0043] In a more specific solution, as shown in FIG2 , a plurality of telescopic cylinders 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working cabin 2 ; four telescopic cylinders 31 are distributed in a matrix to connect the working cabin 2 .

[0044] In certain embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figures 8-9 As shown, the mud barge assembly 1 includes two mud barge floats 11 and multiple connecting beams 12 connecting the two mud barge floats 11; an avoidance zone is formed between the two mud barge floats 11; the mud barge floats 11 can adopt a box-type structure, and the edge of the box-type structure is designed to be an arc-shaped structure to reduce the damping of the ship; preferably, the box-type structure is plate-shaped to increase the contact surface with water and improve the bearing capacity.

[0045] Preferably, if Figure 8 As shown, the mud barge float 11 includes a silt storage compartment 111 for connecting to the silt temporary storage compartment 23 to store silt after the operating compartment 2 is raised.

[0046] More preferably, if Figure 8 As shown, the mud barge 11 further includes a silt solidification construction cabin 112 and a solidified soil temporary storage cabin 113, which are used for solidifying the silt and storing the solidified silt respectively.

[0047] In one embodiment, a water pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the work cabin 2, cooperating with the air pressure chamber 4 to adjust the air pressure within the work cabin 2 and detect the depth of the work cabin 2's descent. The relationship between descent depth and corresponding water pressure is h = P / (ρg), where h is the water depth, P is the water pressure, ρ is the water density, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. There is a one-to-one correspondence between water pressure and depth. As the water pressure increases during descent, the air pressure chamber 4 adjusts the air pressure within the work cabin 2 to match the water pressure at the bottom of the work cabin 2. This gradually increases the air pressure within the work cabin 2, preventing water from entering the work cabin 2 and creating a relatively dry environment.

[0048] Preferably, a camera is provided in the working cabin 2 . Specifically, at least one camera is provided in the dredging cabin 21 and / or the transition cabin 22 .

[0049] In a certain embodiment, an object sensing sensor is provided in the silt temporary storage chamber 23 for detecting the height of the silt surface in the silt temporary storage chamber 23; preferably, the object sensing sensor is provided on both sides of the silt temporary storage chamber 23 and arranged at the upper limit height of the silt temporary storage. When the silt surface is less than a set distance (such as 10 cm) from the upper limit height, an alarm is triggered, and the operation chamber 2 is moved upward while reducing pressure to transfer the silt in the silt temporary storage chamber 23, and then moved downward again to perform dredging operations.

[0050] likeFigures 2-3 As shown, a counterweight area 7 is provided on the top surface of the working cabin 2 for placing a counterweight object 71 to move the working cabin 2 downward.

[0051] like Figure 9 As shown, the mud barge assembly 1 is provided with a plurality of positioning anchors 8 for stabilizing the mud barge assembly 1 on the water surface. The positioning anchors 8 symmetrically pull the mud barge assembly 1. The positioning anchors 8 can be sunk to the bottom of the water to stabilize the mud barge assembly 1, or they can be connected to other ships or fixed objects to stabilize the mud barge assembly 1.

[0052] In actual use, the two mud barge floats 11 are spaced apart and fixed as a whole through multiple connecting beams 12. Multiple telescopic cylinders 31 are distributed in a matrix on the opposite sides of the two mud barge floats 11, and their telescopic ends are fixedly connected to the operation cabin 2 located between the two mud barge floats 11. The operation cabin 2 includes a dredging cabin 21, a transition cabin 22 and a silt temporary storage cabin 23. A first sealing door and a second sealing door are respectively provided between the transition cabin 22 and the dredging cabin 21 and the silt temporary storage cabin 23. A conveying component 6 to the transition cabin 22 is provided in the dredging cabin 21. A track 51 is provided in the dredging cabin 21. One end of the mechanical arm 52 is slidably provided on the track 51 and the other end is connected to a bucket. Transition cabins 22 and silt temporary storage cabins 23 are provided on both sides of the dredging cabin 21, and the other two sides of the dredging cabin 21 are provided with The conveying assembly 6 and two sets of tracks 51 are arranged vertically on the conveying assembly 6, so that the buckets at the far ends of the two robotic arms 52 can select the nearest conveying assembly 6 to transfer the silt; a water pressure sensor is provided on the outside of the bottom of the working cabin 2; the object sensing sensor is provided at the silt temporary storage upper line height on both sides of the silt temporary storage cabin 23; a counterweight area 7 is provided on the top surface of the working cabin 2, which carries the counterweight object 71 according to the downward movement depth; the mud barge float 11 includes a silt storage cabin 111 connected to the silt temporary storage cabin 23 after the working cabin 2 moves up, as well as a silt solidification construction cabin 112 and a solidified soil temporary storage cabin 113, which are used for solidifying construction silt and storing solidified silt, thereby increasing the upper limit of dredging volume in a single launch; two sets of silt storage cabins 111 correspond to two sets of silt temporary storage cabins 23 and are arranged on both sides of the mud barge float 11.

[0053] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a dredging method based on air pressure drainage, using the dredging device based on air pressure drainage provided by the present invention, the dredging method includes: S1, move the working cabin 2 downward and inflate the working cabin 2 to discharge the water in the working cabin 2; S2. After inserting silt into the bottom of the operation cabin 2, adjust the air pressure in the operation cabin 2 to be no less than the water pressure at the bottom of the water; S3. Use the silt removal mechanism 5 to remove silt from the drained operation chamber 2.

[0054] According to the present invention, a desilting method based on air pressure drainage further comprises: S4, using the silt removal mechanism 5 to move the silt to the conveying assembly 6; S5, when the air pressure of the transition cabin 22 is consistent with the air pressure of the dredging cabin 21, the sludge is transported into the transition cabin 22; S6, after the first sealing door is closed and the transition cabin 22 is depressurized, the sludge is transported into the sludge temporary storage cabin 23.

[0055] According to the sludge dredging method based on air pressure drainage provided by the application, in the step S1, the method for lowering the operation cabin 2 and inflating the operation cabin 2 to drain water in the operation cabin 2 comprises, S11, the operation cabin 2 is lowered, the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is gradually increased to be consistent with the water pressure P of the lowering depth to drain water in the dredging cabin 21, that is, to avoid water entering the dredging cabin 21; In the step S2, after the sludge is inserted into the bottom of the operation cabin 2, the method for adjusting the air pressure in the operation cabin 2 to be not less than the water pressure of the water bottom comprises, S21, the water bottom depth h1 (the depth from the water surface to the sludge) of the lowered operation cabin 2 and the sludge insertion depth h0 are recorded, and the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is adjusted to be P1=ρg (h1+h0); In the step S3, the method for cleaning the sludge in the operation cabin 2 after drainage by using the sludge cleaning mechanism 5 comprises cleaning the sludge in sections, and the method for cleaning the sludge in sections comprises, S31, after the sludge is cleaned at the insertion depth h0 of the operation cabin 2, the insertion depth h2 is continued, the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is adjusted to be P1=ρg (h1+h0+h2), and the sludge is cleaned by using the sludge cleaning mechanism 5, wherein the continued insertion depth h2 can be the same as or different from the insertion depth h0.

[0056] According to the sludge dredging method based on air pressure drainage provided by the application, the method further comprises, S7, the sludge in the sludge storage cabin 111 is moved to the sludge solidification construction cabin 112 for solidification construction, and the sludge after solidification construction is moved to the solidified soil temporary storage cabin 113 for storage.

[0057] According to the sludge dredging method based on air pressure drainage provided by the application, the method further comprises, S8, the operation cabin 2 is raised to connect the sludge storage cabin 111 of the sludge barge assembly 1 to the sludge temporary storage cabin 23, and the sludge is moved to the sludge storage cabin 111; S9, after the sludge in the dredging cabin 21 is dredged, the acoustic equipment is used to scan the water bottom mud surface to determine the dredging elevation.

[0058] In actual use, for example, Figure 11As shown, the counterweight 71 is placed in the counterweight area 7 of the work cabin 2, the work cabin 2 is lowered by using the telescopic cylinder 31, at the same time, the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is gradually increased by using the air pressure chamber 4, the water bottom depth h1 and the silt insertion depth h0 when the work cabin 2 is lowered are recorded, the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is adjusted to ρg(h1+h0), under the view of the work area obtained by the camera, the silt in the dredging cabin 21 is cleaned by using the dredging mechanism 5, the first sealing door is opened, the cleaned silt is placed on the conveying belt of the conveying assembly 6 and is moved into the transition cabin 22, after a certain amount of silt is stored in the transition cabin 22, the first sealing door is closed, the transition cabin 22 is depressurized to be consistent with the air pressure of the silt temporary storage cabin 23, the second sealing door is opened to move the silt to the silt temporary storage cabin 23; when the silt with the insertion depth h0 is cleaned and the dredging elevation is not reached, the work cabin 2 is continuously lowered to continuously insert the depth h2, the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin 21 is adjusted to ρg(h1+h0+h2), and the silt is continuously cleaned by using the dredging mechanism 5; the silt is segmentedly cleaned until the dredging elevation is met, after the dredging at the same vertical position is completed, the water bottom silt surface of the vertical position is scanned by using the acoustic equipment to determine whether the dredging elevation meets the requirements; when the silt temporary storage cabin 23 reaches the upper limit of silt storage or after the dredging is completed, the work cabin 2 is raised, the silt in the silt temporary storage cabin 23 is moved to the silt storage of the barge floating body 11, is moved into the silt solidification construction cabin 112 for solidification construction, and is moved to the solidified soil temporary storage cabin 113 for storage, and is transported to a designated treatment area on land.

[0059] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A desilting device based on air pressure drainage, characterized in that: include, A mud barge assembly (1), wherein the mud barge assembly (1) is used to float on the water surface, and the mud barge assembly (1) is provided with an avoidance area; An operation cabin (2), the operation cabin (2) having a bottom opening (20) and being capable of being raised and lowered relative to the mud barge assembly (1) and arranged in an avoidance area, and being used to be sunk to the bottom of the water to form a dry construction operation area; A lifting mechanism (3), the lifting mechanism (3) being provided on the mud barge assembly (1) and being used for driving the working cabin (2) to move upward and downward; An air pressure chamber (4), the air pressure chamber (4) being used to inflate the working cabin (2) so that water in the working cabin (2) is discharged from the working cabin (2) to form a dry construction working area; A silt clearing mechanism (5) is provided in the operating cabin (2) and is used for clearing silt.

2. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation cabin (2) includes a dredging cabin (21) with the opening (20) at the bottom thereof and a silt temporary storage cabin (23) connected to the dredging cabin (21). The dredging mechanism (5) includes a track (51) provided in the dredging cabin (21), a mechanical arm (52) slidably provided on the track (51), and a dredging member (53) provided on the mechanical arm (52). The mechanical arm (52) is used for sliding and moving the dredging member (53) on the track (51) to adjust the range of motion of the dredging member (53).

3. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conveying assembly (6) is provided in the operation cabin (2) for conveying the silt cleared by the silt clearing mechanism (5) from the silt clearing cabin (21) to the silt temporary storage cabin (23).

4. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The utility model further comprises a transition chamber (22), wherein the transition chamber (22) is arranged between the dredging chamber (21) and the silt temporary storage chamber (23), and the two sides of the transition chamber (22) are respectively connected to the dredging chamber (21) and the silt temporary storage chamber (23), and a first sealing door and a second sealing door are respectively provided between the dredging chamber (21) and the silt temporary storage chamber (23), for adjusting the air pressure of the transition chamber (22) to be consistent with that of the dredging chamber (21) or the silt temporary storage chamber (23) when transferring silt.

5. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conveying components (6), the dredging mechanism (5), the transition chamber (22) and the silt temporary storage chamber (23) are each provided with two groups in the operation chamber (2); the silt temporary storage chamber (23) and the transition chamber (22) are both provided on opposite sides of the edge of the dredging chamber (21); the two groups of conveying components (6) are provided on the other two sides of the edge of the dredging chamber (21), and the tracks (51) of the two groups of dredging mechanisms (5) are provided parallel to or perpendicular to the transport direction of the conveying components (6).

6. A desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mud barge assembly (1) comprises two mud barge floats (11) and a plurality of connecting beams (12) connecting the two mud barge floats (11); the avoidance zone is formed between the two mud barge floats (11); the mud barge floats (11) comprise a silt storage cabin (111) for connecting to a silt temporary storage cabin (23) to store silt after the operation cabin (2) is raised.

7. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pressure sensor is provided at the bottom of the operation cabin (2) for cooperating with the air pressure chamber (4) to adjust the air pressure in the operation cabin (2) and detect the descent depth of the operation cabin (2); a camera is provided in the operation cabin (2).

8. The desilting device based on air pressure drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that: An object sensing sensor is provided in the silt temporary storage chamber (23) for detecting the height of the silt surface in the silt temporary storage chamber (23); and a counterweight area (7) is provided on the top surface of the operation chamber (2) for placing a counterweight (71) to move the operation chamber (2) downward.

9. A dredging method based on air pressure drainage, characterized in that: Using the desilting device based on air pressure drainage as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the desilting method includes: Moving the operation cabin (2) downward and injecting air into the operation cabin (2) to discharge water from the operation cabin (2); After inserting silt into the bottom of the operation cabin (2), the air pressure in the operation cabin (2) is adjusted to be not less than the water pressure at the bottom of the water; The silt is removed from the drained operation chamber (2) using a silt removal mechanism (5).

10. The desilting method based on air pressure drainage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method of moving the operation cabin (2) downward and inflating the operation cabin (2) to discharge water in the operation cabin (2) comprises: The operation cabin (2) is moved downward, and the air pressure P1 in the dredging cabin (21) is gradually increased to be consistent with the water pressure P at the depth of the downward movement, thereby discharging the water in the dredging cabin (21); The method of adjusting the air pressure in the operation cabin (2) to be not less than the water pressure at the bottom of the water after inserting silt into the bottom of the operation cabin (2) comprises: Record the water bottom depth h1 of the operation cabin (2) and the silt insertion depth h0, and adjust the air pressure in the silt removal cabin (21) to P1 = ρg (h1 + h0); The method of using the silt clearing mechanism (5) to clear the silt in the operation cabin (2) after drainage includes clearing the silt in sections. The method of clearing the silt in sections includes: After the operation chamber (2) is inserted into the depth h0 and the silt is cleaned, the operation chamber (2) is inserted into the depth h2 and the air pressure in the silt removal chamber (21) is adjusted to P1 = ρg (h1 + h0 + h2), and the silt removal mechanism (5) is used to continue to remove the silt.

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