A monitoring system for mining drilling rigs and a method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena.

Abstract

This invention discloses a drilling monitoring system and an abnormal dynamic phenomenon identification method for a mining drilling rig in the field of underground safety monitoring and early warning technology. The drilling monitoring system includes a data acquisition module, a rapid adaptation module, a data transmission module, and a data analysis and display module. The data acquisition module and the rapid adaptation module are integrated into the drilling monitoring equipment. The rapid adaptation module is used for coupling and connecting the drilling rig's power output end and the drill rod. The data acquisition module includes a three-in-one sensor, a displacement sensor, and a coal powder electronic scale. The data acquisition module transmits the acquired monitoring data to the data analysis and display module via the data transmission module. This invention, through multi-data monitoring and analysis, reflects various abnormal dynamic phenomena during the drilling process from multiple perspectives in a timely manner, providing data support for timely analysis of drilling response and accurate early warning of dynamic disasters such as rockbursts, thereby improving the level of coal mine safety monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground safety monitoring and early warning technology in coal mines, specifically relating to a drilling monitoring system for mining drilling rigs and a method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena. Background Technology

[0002] Large-diameter pressure relief drilling and cuttings drilling are widely used in mines with rockburst as the main underground drilling operations for monitoring and preventing rockburst disasters. The drilling process contains a large amount of drilling data and often encounters various abnormal dynamic phenomena such as drill bit jacking, drill bit jamming, and drill bit suction. If these phenomena are not identified in a timely and accurate manner, they may lead to equipment damage, affect the construction progress, or even cause safety accidents.

[0003] Measuring drilling parameters during the drilling process and identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena using measurement-while-drilling (MWD) technology can provide crucial data support for preventing rockbursts. Current MWD technology is mainly applied to the development of intelligent drilling rigs and MWD trajectory measurement, lacking research on mainstream drilling rig-compatible and modular monitoring systems. In this regard, Chinese patent (CN116892365A) discloses an intelligent directional drilling rig for coal mines. This equipment has high development costs and a long development cycle, and the drilling rig can only be used in specific locations. It requires customized design for different geological scenarios and has low versatility. Chinese patent (CN117266836A) discloses a method and system for predicting coal mine gas borehole trajectory driven by measurement-while-drilling data. This method only predicts the borehole trajectory by training a coal mine gas borehole trajectory prediction model, ignoring the monitoring of drilling parameters of the drilling rig itself during operation. The monitoring data is not comprehensive enough. Chinese patent (CN117738639A) discloses a monitoring device for mining drilling rigs during drilling. It can only monitor three drilling parameters: torque, speed and displacement during drilling. It lacks the collection of key working condition data such as the amount of coal dust in the borehole and the axial pressure of the drilling rig. The selected pull rope displacement sensor is exposed to a humid and hot environment. The pull rope is prone to wear and breakage, resulting in a short service life. In addition, each sensor works independently, resulting in low equipment integration. At the same time, existing technologies also lack technical research on identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena such as drill bit jacking, stuck drill bit, and drill bit suction during the drilling process by analyzing and organizing the parameters measured while drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drilling monitoring system and an abnormal dynamic phenomenon identification method for mining drilling rigs, so as to solve the problem that the existing drilling monitoring systems or monitoring methods are not ideal and the technical gaps in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drilling monitoring system for mining drilling rigs, comprising a data acquisition module, a rapid adaptation module, a data transmission module, and a data analysis and display module. The data acquisition module and the rapid adaptation module are integrated into the drilling monitoring equipment, which can perform coupling transmission between the drilling rig and the drill rod. The rapid adaptation module is used to couple the power output end of the drilling rig and the drill rod. The data acquisition module includes a three-in-one sensor, a displacement sensor, and a coal powder electronic scale. The three-in-one sensor monitors and acquires torque, rotational speed, and drilling pressure data during drilling. The displacement sensor acquires the drilling depth displacement data during drilling. The coal powder electronic scale is used to acquire coal powder volume data generated during drilling. The data acquisition module transmits the acquired monitoring data to the data analysis and display module via the data transmission module. The data analysis and display module determines various abnormal dynamic conditions occurring during drilling based on abnormal data in the acquired torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, displacement, and coal powder volume data, and displays the acquired data and the determined abnormal dynamic conditions.

[0006] Preferably, the three-in-one sensor and the quick-fit module are integrated to form a coupling transmission device and a torque, speed and drill pressure monitoring device. The quick-fit module includes an input flange coupling and an output flange coupling, which are respectively bolted to both ends of the three-in-one sensor. The input flange coupling and the output flange coupling are used to connect to the power output end of the drilling rig and the drill rod, respectively. The quick-fit module is equipped with multiple sets of input flange couplings and output flange couplings of different sizes for connecting to different models of drilling rigs and drill rods.

[0007] Preferably, the coal powder electronic scale is connected to the data analysis and display module via Bluetooth transmission technology, and the weighing bucket of the coal powder electronic scale is connected to the coal powder collection device during the drilling process via a collection pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the data analysis and display module consists of a handheld terminal and host computer software. The handheld terminal can display real-time and historical curves of drilling parameters, and the host computer software can analyze and process the collected data, determine abnormal dynamic conditions during the drilling process based on abnormal data analysis, and send the determination results to the handheld terminal for display.

[0009] Preferably, the displacement sensor is a high-precision photoelectric encoder, and the displacement sensor is equipped with a monitoring gear. The monitoring gear meshes with the rack and pinion of the drilling rig, and is linked with the drilling and propulsion process of the drill rod to accurately measure the feed displacement during the drilling process.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in mining drilling rigs. The method is based on data obtained from the drilling monitoring system used in the mining drilling rig, including torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, drilling footage displacement, or coal dust volume during the drilling process.

[0011] (1) Equipment installation and data acquisition: Install the drilling monitoring equipment for the mining drilling rig onto the drilling rig, start the monitoring equipment to collect drilling parameters and transmit the data to the handheld terminal;

[0012] (2) Data processing: The APP software of the handheld terminal has a built-in data noise reduction algorithm to reduce the noise of the collected drilling parameters and eliminate interference signals caused by factors such as vibration of the downhole drilling rig;

[0013] (3) Data threshold setting: Set the normal range and abnormal threshold of each drilling parameter during the drilling process on the handheld terminal according to geological conditions and drilling rig model;

[0014] (4) Determination of abnormal parameters: The processed drilling parameters are compared with the abnormal threshold. If the parameters exceed the normal range, the data is determined to be abnormal parameters.

[0015] (5) Dynamic phenomenon identification: Based on the preset characteristic model of each dynamic phenomenon parameter, the marked abnormal parameter combinations and changing trends are analyzed to identify the specific dynamic phenomenon type;

[0016] (6) Display of dynamic phenomena: The identified dynamic phenomena will be displayed as pop-up notifications on the APP of the handheld terminal so that on-site personnel can take timely countermeasures.

[0017] Preferably, the dynamic phenomenon judgment in step (5) includes determining that the drilling process of the drilling rig has encountered a top drill when there are abnormal data such as a sudden drop and reversal of drilling pressure data, a reverse reversal of footage displacement data, a sharp drop in torque data, a sudden surge and then a sudden drop in rotational speed data, a sudden decrease or interruption of coal powder data. Among these, the reverse reversal of footage displacement data is the main basis for judgment.

[0018] When the drilling speed data is close to or zero, the drilling footage data stops changing, the drilling pressure and torque data are far beyond the normal range, and the coal powder quantity data decreases sharply to zero or close to zero, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has become stuck. Among these, the cessation of change in the drilling footage data is the main criterion for judgment.

[0019] When abnormally rapid advance displacement data occurs, i.e., increased advance speed, sudden drop in drill pressure data, slightly lower and stable torque data, stable rotation speed data, and increased coal powder data, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has encountered drill bit suction. Among these, the sudden drop in drill pressure data is the main criterion for judgment.

[0020] Preferably, step (5) of determining the dynamic phenomenon includes determining that a coal blowout has occurred during the drilling process when there is a large sound feedback at the drilling site, the drilling pressure, torque and speed data fluctuate violently and irregularly in a short period of time, the displacement data jumps briefly, the coal powder data increases and the collected coal powder contains large debris, and the data is abnormal.

[0021] When abnormal data such as a sudden and significant drop in drilling pressure and torque, an increase in rotational speed, a rapid and significant increase in displacement, and an initial increase followed by a decrease in pulverized coal quantity are observed, it is determined to be a breakthrough phenomenon.

[0022] When drilling pressure and torque data increase, rotational speed data decreases, displacement data growth slows down, coal powder data decreases, and abnormal data of rock particles are detected, it is determined to be a rock encounter phenomenon.

[0023] The advancements of this invention patent in providing a drilling monitoring system and abnormal dynamic phenomenon identification method for a mining drilling rig compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0024] 1. The monitoring system adopts a three-in-one sensor to monitor and collect parameters such as the drilling rig's working torque, speed, and drilling pressure. It is also equipped with a displacement sensor and an electronic coal powder scale to monitor the displacement of the drill rod and the amount of coal powder during the drilling process. This allows for more comprehensive monitoring and feedback of the drilling rig's working status. Based on the combined analysis of multiple parameters, it analyzes and judges abnormal dynamic phenomena during the drilling process, ensuring that the analysis results are timely, accurate, and reliable. This provides data support for real-time analysis of drilling response and accurate early warning of dynamic disasters such as rock bursts, thereby improving the level of coal mine safety monitoring.

[0025] 2. The monitoring system is equipped with multiple sets of bolted input and output flange couplings of different sizes and models, forming a quick-fit module. This allows for adjustments to the coupling structure to suit different drilling rig and drill rod models, resulting in better versatility and meeting the monitoring needs of the vast majority of coal mine drilling rigs on the market. It is suitable for enterprises upgrading and retrofitting existing equipment. Furthermore, the monitoring system adopts a modular design independent of the drilling rig body, allowing for flexible disassembly and reassembly, facilitating migration and reuse between different drilling rigs.

[0026] 3. The displacement sensor is equipped with a gear transmission mechanism that meshes with the rack and pinion track of the drilling rig. As the drill rod advances and the monitoring device moves on the drilling rig's slide rail, the gear transmission mechanism transmits the drill rod's advance amount to the displacement sensor. This makes the data monitoring more accurate and less susceptible to external environmental influences, allowing it to maintain stable operation for a long time. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall composition of a drilling monitoring system for a mining drilling rig;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of a downhole monitoring system supporting a mine drill rig;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a downhole monitoring device of a downhole monitoring system supporting a mine drill rig;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a displacement sensor of a downhole monitoring system supporting a mine drill rig.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a change curve of the drilling pressure parameter when the borehole construction of the 1103 track gateway of a certain coal mine by the cuttings drilling method using the present invention reaches 7 - 8 meters;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a change curve of the torque parameter when the borehole construction of the 1103 track gateway of a certain coal mine by the cuttings drilling method using the present invention reaches 7 - 8 meters;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a change curve of the rotational speed parameter when the borehole construction of the 1103 track gateway of a certain coal mine by the cuttings drilling method using the present invention reaches 7 - 8 meters;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a change curve of the displacement parameter when the borehole construction of the 1103 track gateway of a certain coal mine by the cuttings drilling method using the present invention reaches 7 - 8 meters;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a change curve of the pulverized coal quantity parameter when the borehole construction of the 1103 track gateway of a certain coal mine by the cuttings drilling method using the present invention reaches 7 - 8 meters;

[0036] In the figure: 1 data acquisition module, 2 fast adaptation module, 3 data transmission module, 4 data analysis and display module, 1 downhole monitoring device, 102 pulverized coal quantity electronic scale, 103 three - in - one sensor, 104 displacement sensor, 105 explosion - proof box, 106 fixed seat, 201 input flange coupling, 202 output flange coupling, 401 handheld terminal, 402 upper computer software. Specific embodiments

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 、 3As shown in Figure 4, the present invention provides an embodiment of a drilling monitoring system for mining drilling rigs. In this embodiment, the drilling monitoring system includes a data acquisition module 1, a rapid adaptation module 2, a data transmission module 3, and a data analysis and display module 4.

[0039] The data acquisition module 1 includes a three-in-one sensor 103, a displacement sensor 104, and a coal powder electronic scale 102. The three-in-one sensor 103, the displacement sensor 104, and the quick-adaptation module 2 are integrated on the drilling monitoring equipment 101. The drilling monitoring equipment 101 is also equipped with a mounting base 106 and an explosion-proof box 105, which is encapsulated in the box. The three-in-one sensor 103 and the displacement sensor 104 are mounted on the mounting base 106. An explosion-proof battery is installed in the explosion-proof box 105 to power the entire data acquisition module. The mounting base 106 has multiple bolt connection holes symmetrically arranged at the bottom for installation and fixation with the drilling rig, which facilitates relocation and disassembly on different drilling rigs. The three-in-one sensor 103 has an external support housing with multiple mounting holes at its bottom. It is bolted to a fixed base 106. Inside the support housing, a rotating shaft is connected via bearings and houses three sensors: a torque sensor, a speed sensor, and a drill pressure sensor. These sensors monitor the shaft's torque, speed, and drill pressure. Multiple internal threaded connection holes are evenly distributed circumferentially at both ends of the shaft. The quick-fit module 2 includes an input flange coupling 201 and an output flange coupling 202, which are bolted to both ends of the rotating shaft of the three-in-one sensor 103. The input flange coupling 201 and output flange coupling 202 are used to connect to the drilling rig's power output end and the drill rod, respectively. The quick-fit module 2 is equipped with multiple sets of input flange couplings 201 and output flange couplings 202 of different sizes for connecting to different models of drilling rigs and drill rods.

[0040] The coal powder electronic scale 102 is used to collect coal powder data generated during drilling and transmits the data via Bluetooth communication. In application, the coal powder electronic scale 102 can be directly hung on the drilling rig's boom. Its weighing container is connected to the coal powder collection end of the drill rod via a pipe. Coal powder that exits with the drill rod during drilling is transported into the weighing container through the pipe.

[0041] The displacement sensor 104 adopts a high-precision photoelectric encoder and is equipped with a monitoring gear. During installation, the monitoring gear meshes with the rack and rail of the drilling rig, forming a linkage with the drilling and propulsion process of the drill rod, and accurately measuring the feed displacement during the drilling process.

[0042] The data transmission module 3 primarily uses Bluetooth and wireless network transmission. The data analysis and display module 4 consists of a handheld terminal 401 and host computer software 402. The handheld terminal 401 has a built-in drilling monitoring app. The data acquisition module 1 transmits the collected torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, displacement, and coal dust volume data to the handheld terminal 401 via Bluetooth. The handheld terminal 401 then transmits the collected data to the host computer software 402 via the wireless network. This enables real-time display of current monitoring data and synchronization of historical data. The handheld terminal 401 can display real-time and historical curves of various drilling parameters. The host computer software 402 receives data from the handheld terminal 401 via wireless network or file import, analyzes and processes the collected data, identifies various abnormal dynamic conditions during the drilling process based on abnormal data, and displays the collected data and the identified abnormal dynamic conditions.

[0043] Combination Figure 2 As shown, this invention also provides an application of a drilling monitoring system for mining drilling rigs and a method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena. This method, based on data obtained from the drilling monitoring system regarding torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, drilling footage displacement, and coal dust volume during the drilling process, identifies abnormal dynamic phenomena such as drill bit jacking, stuck drill bit, drill bit suction, coal bursting, penetration, and rock encounter during the drilling process. Specifically, it includes:

[0044] (1) Equipment installation and data acquisition: Install the drilling monitoring equipment for the mining drilling rig onto the drilling rig, start the monitoring equipment to collect drilling parameters and transmit the data to the handheld terminal.

[0045] (2) Data processing: The APP software of the handheld terminal has built-in existing data noise reduction algorithms to process the collected drilling parameters and eliminate interference signals caused by factors such as vibration of the downhole drilling rig.

[0046] (3) Data threshold setting: On the handheld terminal, set the normal range and abnormal threshold of each drilling parameter during the drilling process according to geological conditions and drilling rig model.

[0047] (4) Abnormal parameter determination: The processed drilling parameters are compared with the abnormal threshold. If the parameters exceed the normal range, the data is determined to be abnormal parameters.

[0048] (5) Dynamic Phenomenon Identification: Based on the preset characteristic models of various dynamic phenomenon parameters, the marked abnormal parameter combinations and their changing trends are analyzed to identify the specific dynamic phenomenon types, specifically:

[0049] (5.1) When top drilling occurs, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0050] ① Drilling pressure: A sudden drop from a generally stable trend with small fluctuations, or even a reversal in pressure, where the pressure value becomes negative, accompanied by large fluctuations.

[0051] ② Torque: drops sharply, or fluctuates significantly due to "intermittent contact".

[0052] ③ Rotation speed: When the drill rod is separated from the coal and rock mass, the sudden drop in pressure of the drilling rig will cause the rotation speed to increase sharply. Then, as the drill rod comes into contact with the coal and rock again, the rotation speed will suddenly drop, and the rotation speed will change back and forth.

[0053] ④ Displacement: Suddenly reverses direction (shows negative displacement), interrupting normal advance.

[0054] ⑤ Pulverized coal quantity: A sudden decrease or even a brief interruption of pulverization, if accompanied by intermittent contact, will result in an unstable state of "fluctuating quantity".

[0055] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for identifying the top drill bit can be derived as follows:

[0056] When abnormal data such as a sudden drop or reversal in drilling pressure data, reverse regression in footage displacement data, sharp drop in torque data, a surge followed by a sudden drop in rotational speed data, or a sudden decrease or interruption in pulverized coal quantity data occur, it is determined that the drilling process has encountered a top-cracking event. Among these, the reverse regression in footage displacement data is the primary criterion for judgment.

[0057] (5.2) When stuck drill bit occurs, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0058] ① Drill pressure: Because the drill bit is stuck and cannot be pushed forward, the drilling rig continues to apply thrust, causing the feed pressure to rise sharply, far exceeding the normal drilling range.

[0059] ② Torque: When the drill bit rotation is obstructed, the breaking resistance increases sharply, and the torque spikes dramatically, often exceeding the equipment's rated value.

[0060] ③ Rotation speed: Due to the drill bit getting stuck, the rotation speed drops sharply, or even stops completely due to excessive resistance.

[0061] ④ Displacement: The drill string cannot advance forward, and normal drilling stops.

[0062] ⑤ Coal powder quantity: When the drill stops breaking coal and rock, the coal powder quantity decreases and is completely cut off within a short period of time.

[0063] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for identifying stuck drill bit can be derived as follows:

[0064] When the rotation speed data is close to or zero, the drilling footage displacement data stops changing, the drilling pressure and torque data are far beyond the normal range, and the coal powder quantity data decreases sharply to zero or close to zero, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig is stuck. Among these, the stopping of the drilling footage displacement data is the main criterion for judgment.

[0065] (5.3) When a drill string is sucked in, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0066] ① Drill pressure: Since the drill bit does not need to be actively pressurized, it is sucked in, at which point the pressure drops sharply or even becomes negative.

[0067] ② Torque: The drill bit will continuously cut soft coal and rock, and the torque will decrease slightly and then stabilize.

[0068] ③ Rotation speed: Keep it stable.

[0069] ④ Displacement: Due to the drilling tool being sucked in, the drilling displacement is abnormally accelerated.

[0070] ⑤ Coal powder quantity: The coal powder quantity has increased.

[0071] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for identifying suction drill bit failure can be derived as follows:

[0072] When abnormally rapid advance displacement data occurs, i.e., increased advance speed, sudden drop in drill pressure data, slightly lower and stable torque data, stable rotation speed data, and increased coal powder data, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has encountered drill bit suction. Among these, the sudden drop in drill pressure data is the main criterion for judgment.

[0073] (5.4) When a coal blast occurs, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0074] ① Drill pressure: The drill string vibrates violently, and the drill pressure fluctuates significantly.

[0075] ② Torque: The drill bit vibrates violently, and the torque fluctuates significantly.

[0076] ③ Rotation speed: The drill bit vibrates violently, and the rotation speed fluctuates significantly.

[0077] ④ Displacement: A brief reciprocating jump occurs.

[0078] ⑤ Coal powder quantity: increased suddenly, and mixed with a large number of coal lumps or debris.

[0079] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for identifying coal blasting can be derived as follows:

[0080] When a loud noise is heard at the drilling site, and the drilling pressure, torque, and rotation speed data fluctuate violently and irregularly in a short period of time, the displacement data shows a brief jump, and the coal powder data increases and the collected coal powder contains large debris, it is determined that a coal blowout has occurred during the drilling process.

[0081] (5.5) When penetration occurs, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0082] ① Drilling pressure: The pressure drops sharply to near 0, or even becomes negative due to the weight of the drill bit itself.

[0083] ② Torque: The torque drops sharply to near the idle value, and the drill pipe rotates without load.

[0084] ③ Rotational speed: The rotational speed spikes instantly, even exceeding the motor's rated speed.

[0085] ④ Displacement: The advance suddenly accelerates.

[0086] ⑤ Pulverized coal quantity: The pulverized coal quantity rapidly decreased to 0.

[0087] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for determining whether drilling has penetrated can be derived as follows:

[0088] When abnormal data such as a sudden and significant drop in drilling pressure and torque, an increase in rotational speed, a rapid and significant increase in displacement, and an initial increase followed by a decrease in pulverized coal quantity occur, it is determined to be a breakthrough phenomenon.

[0089] (5.6) When rock breakage occurs, the abnormal characteristics of each drilling parameter are as follows:

[0090] ① Drilling pressure: Pressure rises rapidly.

[0091] ② Torque: Torque increases rapidly.

[0092] ③ Rotational speed: Rotational speed decreases.

[0093] ④ Displacement: The advance rate slows down.

[0094] ⑤ Coal powder quantity: The coal powder quantity is reduced, and rock particles are mixed in with the coal powder.

[0095] Based on the abnormal characteristics of various drilling parameters, the method for determining rock penetration can be derived as follows:

[0096] When drilling pressure and torque data increase, rotational speed data decreases, displacement data growth slows down, coal powder data decreases, and abnormal data of rock particles are detected, it is determined to be a rock encounter phenomenon.

[0097] (6) Display of dynamic phenomena: The identified dynamic phenomena will be displayed as pop-up notifications on the APP of the handheld terminal so that on-site personnel can take timely countermeasures.

[0098] Taking the cuttings drilling operation in the 1103 track roadway of a coal mine as an example, the drilling monitoring system for a mining drilling rig provided in this embodiment is applied as follows:

[0099] (1) Equipment installation and data acquisition: Install the drilling monitoring equipment for the mining drilling rig onto the drilling rig, start the monitoring equipment to collect drilling parameters and transmit the data to the handheld terminal 401, and set the sensor acquisition frequency to 2Hz.

[0100] (2) Data processing: The APP software of the handheld terminal 401 has a built-in data noise reduction algorithm to reduce the noise of the collected drilling parameters and eliminate interference signals caused by factors such as vibration of the downhole drilling rig.

[0101] (3) Data threshold settings: On the handheld terminal 401, the normal range and abnormal threshold of each drilling parameter during the drilling process are set according to the geological conditions of the 1103 track roadway and the pneumatic 140 drilling rig. The normal range of drilling pressure is set to 3~6kN, the upper limit of the abnormal threshold is set to 9kN, and the lower limit is set to 1.5kN; the normal range of torque is set to 120~160N·m, the upper limit of the abnormal threshold is set to 200N·m, and the lower limit is set to 80N·m; the normal range of rotation speed is set to 250~350r / min, the upper limit of the abnormal threshold is set to 600r / min, and the lower limit is set to 100r / min; the normal range of drilling speed (displacement change) is set to 10~25mm / s, the upper limit of the abnormal threshold is set to 50mm / s, and the lower limit is set to 6mm / s; the normal range of coal powder is 0.04~0.08kg / s, the upper limit of the abnormal threshold is set to 0.12kg / s, and the lower limit is set to 0.02kg / s.

[0102] (4) Determination of abnormal parameters: The data waveform curves of the entire drilling process are as follows Figures 5-9 As shown, when the borehole was drilled to the 8th meter using the cuttings method, the drilling pressure was monitored to be 10 kN, the torque to be 225 N·m, the rotation speed to be 53 r / min, the displacement change to be 5 mm / s, and the coal powder change to be 0.015 kg / s. Comparing the real-time monitoring parameters with the set abnormal thresholds, it can be seen that the drilling pressure and torque exceeded the upper limit of the threshold, while the rotation speed, displacement change, and coal powder change were lower than the lower limit of the threshold, and were therefore judged as abnormal parameters.

[0103] (5) Dynamic phenomenon identification: According to the preset characteristic model of stuck drill dynamic phenomenon parameters, "when the drilling pressure and torque are far beyond the normal range, the rotation speed is close to zero or zero, the displacement stops changing and the amount of coal powder decreases sharply to zero or close to zero, it is determined to be a stuck drill phenomenon." The current abnormal parameter combination and change trend are consistent with the characteristics of the top drill phenomenon, so it is identified as a "stuck drill" phenomenon.

[0104] (6) Power phenomenon display: The APP of the handheld terminal 401 will detect the "drill jamming" power phenomenon and remind it in the form of a pop-up window so that the on-site personnel can take measures such as "retracting the rod or reciprocating the rod" in time.

Claims

1. A method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in mining drilling rigs, characterized in that, The discrimination method is based on data obtained from the drilling monitoring system of the mining drilling rig, including torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, drilling footage displacement, or coal dust volume during the drilling process. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Equipment installation and data acquisition: Install the drilling monitoring equipment for the mining drilling rig onto the drilling rig, start the monitoring equipment to collect drilling parameters and transmit the data to the handheld terminal; (2) Data processing: The APP software of the handheld terminal has a built-in data noise reduction algorithm to reduce the noise of the collected drilling parameters and eliminate interference signals caused by the vibration of the downhole drilling rig. (3) Data threshold setting: Set the normal range and abnormal threshold of each drilling parameter during the drilling process on the handheld terminal according to the geological conditions and drilling rig model; (4) Abnormal parameter determination: The processed drilling parameters are compared with the abnormal threshold. If the parameters exceed the normal range, the data is determined to be an abnormal parameter. (5) Dynamic phenomenon identification: Based on the preset characteristic model of each dynamic phenomenon parameter, the marked abnormal parameter combinations and changing trends are analyzed to identify the specific dynamic phenomenon type; (6) Display of dynamic phenomena: The identified dynamic phenomena will be displayed as pop-up notifications on the APP of the handheld terminal so that on-site personnel can take timely countermeasures. The dynamic phenomenon identification in step (5) includes determining that a coal blowout has occurred during the drilling process when there is a large sound feedback at the drilling site, the drilling pressure, torque and speed data fluctuate violently and irregularly in a short period of time, the displacement data jumps briefly, the coal powder data increases and the collected coal powder contains large debris, and the data is abnormal. When abnormal data such as a sudden and significant drop in drilling pressure and torque, an increase in rotational speed, a rapid and significant increase in displacement, and an initial increase followed by a decrease in pulverized coal quantity are observed, it is determined to be a breakthrough phenomenon. When drilling pressure and torque data increase, rotation speed data decreases, displacement data growth slows down, coal powder data decreases and abnormal data of rock particles are detected, it is determined to be a rock encounter phenomenon. The drilling monitoring system includes a data acquisition module, a rapid adaptation module, a data transmission module, and a data analysis and display module. The data acquisition module and the rapid adaptation module are integrated into the drilling monitoring equipment, which can perform coupling transmission between the drilling rig and the drill pipe. The rapid adaptation module is used to couple the power output end of the drilling rig to the drill pipe. The data acquisition module includes a three-in-one sensor, a displacement sensor, and a coal powder electronic scale. The three-in-one sensor monitors and acquires torque, rotational speed, and drilling pressure data during the drilling process. The displacement sensor acquires the drilling footage displacement data. The coal powder electronic scale is used to acquire the coal powder volume data generated during the drilling process. The data acquisition module transmits the acquired monitoring data to the data analysis and display module via the data transmission module. The data analysis and display module determines various abnormal dynamic conditions that occur during the drilling process based on abnormal data in the acquired torque, rotational speed, drilling pressure, displacement, and coal powder volume data, and displays the acquired data and the determined abnormal dynamic conditions.

2. The method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in a mining drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-in-one sensor and the quick-fit module are integrated to form a coupling transmission device and a torque, speed, and drill pressure monitoring device. The quick-fit module includes an input flange coupling and an output flange coupling. The exterior of the three-in-one sensor is a support housing, and a rotating shaft is connected to the support housing via bearings. The support housing contains three types of sensors: a torque sensor, a speed sensor, and a drill pressure sensor, which monitor the torque, speed, and drill pressure of the rotating shaft. Multiple internal threaded connection holes are evenly distributed around both ends of the rotating shaft. The input flange coupling and the output flange coupling of the quick-fit module are bolted to both ends of the rotating shaft of the three-in-one sensor. The input flange coupling and the output flange coupling are used to connect to the power output end of the drilling rig and the drill rod, respectively. The quick-fit module is equipped with multiple sets of input flange couplings and output flange couplings of different sizes for connecting to different models of drilling rigs and drill rods.

3. The method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in a mining drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that: The displacement sensor employs a high-precision photoelectric encoder and is equipped with a monitoring gear. The monitoring gear meshes with the rack and pinion track of the drilling rig, forming a linkage with the drilling and propulsion process of the drill rod to accurately measure the feed displacement during the drilling process.

4. The method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in a mining drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coal powder electronic scale is connected to the data analysis and display module via Bluetooth transmission technology, and the weighing bucket of the coal powder electronic scale is connected to the coal powder collection device during the drilling process via a collection pipe.

5. The method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in a mining drilling rig according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data analysis and display module consists of a handheld terminal and host computer software. The handheld terminal can display real-time curves and historical curves of various drilling parameters. The host computer software can analyze and process the collected data, determine abnormal dynamic conditions during the drilling process based on abnormal data analysis, and send the determination results to the handheld terminal for display.

6. The method for identifying abnormal dynamic phenomena in a mining drilling rig according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step (5) dynamic phenomenon judgment includes determining that when the drilling pressure data suddenly drops and reverses, the footage displacement data reverses and regresses, the torque data drops sharply, the rotation speed data first soars and then drops sharply, the coal powder data decreases sharply or the coal powder interruption data is abnormal, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has been hit by the drill bit. Among them, the reverse regression of the footage displacement data is the main judgment basis. When the drilling speed data is close to or zero, the drilling footage data stops changing, the drilling pressure and torque data are far beyond the normal range, and the coal powder quantity data decreases sharply to zero or close to zero, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has become stuck. Among these, the cessation of change in the drilling footage data is the main criterion for judgment. When abnormally rapid advance displacement data occurs, i.e., increased advance speed, sudden drop in drill pressure data, slightly lower and stable torque data, stable rotation speed data, and increased coal powder data, it is determined that the drilling process of the drilling rig has encountered drill bit suction. Among these, the sudden drop in drill pressure data is the main criterion for judgment.

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