Drilling and blasting excavation device and method capable of efficiently removing dust

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to an efficient dust removal drilling and blasting excavation device and method.The efficient dust removal drilling and blasting excavation device comprises a punching mechanism, a dust removal mechanism and a transferring mechanism, the dust removal mechanism comprises a plurality of air return pipes, a first fan is installed in the air return pipe located at the end, and an air inlet pipe is further installed in a tunnel; and a spraying assembly and a second fan are mounted on the air inlet pipe. The tunnel blasting device has the beneficial effects that after blasting is completed, the first draught fan and the second draught fan are started at the same time, the second draught fan blows air into the tunnel through the air inlet pipe, then the second draught fan pumps out air containing dust and poisonous gas from the air return pipe, and then air circulation in the whole tunnel is achieved; the extraction efficiency of air containing dust and toxic gas is higher; and meanwhile, the spraying assembly starts to spray water during air inlet, so that dust is adsorbed, and the dust removal efficiency is further improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a drilling and blasting excavation device and method with high dust removal efficiency. BACKGROUND

[0002] Drilling and blasting excavation is a method of using explosives to break rock, thereby carrying out excavation construction; this method realizes the breaking and excavation of rock through steps such as drilling, charging and blasting; drilling and blasting excavation is widely used in underground space development such as mine tunnels, traffic tunnels, water culverts and the like, has the characteristics of strong adaptability to rock geological conditions and low excavation cost, and is particularly suitable for hard rock chamber construction.

[0003] When the blasting is completed, a large amount of dust and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide will be generated in the entire tunnel, and in the prior art, the dust and toxic gases are usually extracted from the tunnel by a fan, but since the blasting end of the tunnel is closed, only the return air pipeline is available when extraction is performed, and the extraction effect is poor. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to improve the extraction efficiency of dust and toxic gases generated by blasting and reduce the residual dust and toxic gases in the tunnel, the present application provides a drilling and blasting excavation device and method with high dust removal efficiency.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a drilling and blasting excavation device with high dust removal efficiency, which adopts the following technical scheme: A drilling and blasting excavation device with high dust removal efficiency comprises a punching mechanism, a dust removal mechanism and a transfer mechanism, the dust removal mechanism comprises a plurality of return air pipes, a first fan is installed in the return air pipe at the end, an air inlet pipe is also installed in the tunnel, and a spraying assembly and a second fan are installed on the air inlet pipe.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the blasting is completed, the first fan and the second fan are started at the same time, the second fan blows air into the tunnel through the air inlet pipe, and then the second fan extracts air containing dust and toxic gases from the return air pipe, thereby realizing the circulation of air in the entire tunnel and making the extraction efficiency of air containing dust and toxic gases higher; at the same time, the spraying assembly sprays water when air is introduced, thereby adsorbing dust and further improving the dust removal efficiency.

[0007] Optionally, the spraying assembly comprises a water storage pipe, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the water storage pipe, an external thread is formed in one end of the connecting pipe away from the water storage pipe, an internal thread is formed in one end of the air inlet pipe at the blasting end of the tunnel, the connecting pipe is threadedly connected to the air inlet pipe through the external thread and the internal thread, a plurality of atomizing nozzles are installed on the water storage pipe, and a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the water storage pipe.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, water is injected into the water storage pipe through the water inlet pipe, and then sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle. At this time, the wind generated by the air inlet pipe blows the atomized water vapor into the tunnel. The atomized water vapor adsorbs the dust in the air, and the wind force of the air inlet pipe blows the water vapor into the tunnel, making the water spraying more uniform and the dust adsorption effect better.

[0009] Optionally, a filter is installed in the return air duct, a first slide groove is provided on the side wall of one end of the return air duct, a rotating groove is provided on the side wall of the first slide groove, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the filter, the fixed block is slidably connected in the first slide groove and rotatably connected in the rotating groove, a collecting pipe is also fixedly connected to the side wall of the return air duct, the collecting pipe is connected to the return air duct, and a dust bag is fixedly connected to one end of the collecting pipe away from the return air duct.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the filter screen is set to shield and block the dust and gravel in the return air duct. The blocked and blocked dust and gravel enter the dust bag through the collection pipe, thereby reducing the probability of gravel and dust being discharged into the air again to pollute the working environment.

[0011] Optionally, the two adjacent return air ducts are connected by a connecting assembly, which includes a first flange and a second flange, and the first flange and the second flange are respectively fixedly connected to the two adjacent return air ducts. The connecting assembly also includes a plurality of fixing bolts, and the plurality of fixing bolts pass through the first flange and the second flange in sequence and are threadedly connected with fixing nuts.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the arrangement of the first flange, the second flange, the fixing bolts and the fixing nuts realizes the connection between adjacent return air ducts, and also facilitates the replacement of the filter screen.

[0013] Optionally, an anti-blocking mechanism is also installed in the return air duct, and the anti-blocking mechanism includes two sliding rods, and the two sliding rods are slidably connected to the return air duct through a reciprocating assembly. A power assembly is also installed in the return air duct, and the power assembly is transmission-connected to the reciprocating assembly. The two sliding rods are respectively fixedly connected with a first fixed plate and a second fixed plate, and the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are fixedly connected with a plurality of cleaning needles at one end away from the sliding rod.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, since the particle sizes of the gravel and dust produced by blasting are different, there is a probability that the gravel and dust will clog the mesh of the filter, affecting the extraction efficiency of the return air duct; the setting of the first fixed plate, the second fixed plate and the cleaning needle realizes the cleaning of the mesh of the filter, reducing the probability of the gravel and dust clogging the mesh of the filter and affecting the extraction efficiency of the return air duct.

[0015] Optionally, the power assembly comprises a fixed ring fixedly connected in the return air pipe, a first rotating shaft rotatably connected to the fixed ring, a rotating fan fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft close to the first fan, a mounting box fixedly connected in the return air pipe, one end of the first rotating shaft away from the rotating fan located in the mounting box, and a first bevel gear fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft located in the mounting box, a second rotating shaft rotatably connected in the mounting box, a second bevel gear fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, the second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear, and the second rotating shaft connected with the reciprocating assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, when dust and toxic gas are extracted, the first fan is started, the airflow generated by the first fan drives the rotating fan to rotate, the rotating fan drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, and the second rotating shaft drives the two sliding rods to reciprocate through the reciprocating assembly; the rotation of the rotating fan serves as a power source for the reciprocating movement of the sliding rods, thereby reducing the probability of energy waste caused by an external power source and the probability of air leakage of the return air pipe caused by the external power source.

[0017] Optionally, the reciprocating assembly comprises a rotating rod fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, and a limiting block fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod away from the second rotating shaft; two second sliding grooves are formed in the bottom wall of the mounting box, a mounting groove is formed in the side wall of each second sliding groove, a first rack and a second rack are slidably connected in the two second sliding grooves respectively, a rotating wheel is rotatably connected in the mounting groove, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to one end of the first rack close to the rotating rod, a waist-shaped groove is formed in one end of the limiting plate away from the first rack, the limiting block is slidably connected in the waist-shaped groove, a gear is rotatably connected in the mounting box, the first rack and the second rack are both meshed with the gear, and the first rack and the second rack are symmetrically arranged according to the gear; a third sliding groove is formed in the side wall of each side of the mounting box, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of each of the first rack and the second rack away from each other, and two ends of the two connecting rods away from each other are fixedly connected with the two sliding rods respectively through the two third sliding grooves.

[0018] By adopting the technical scheme, when the second rotating shaft rotates, the second rotating shaft drives the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives the limiting block to move, the limiting block drives the first rack to reciprocate through the limiting plate, the first gear drives the second rack to reciprocate through the gear, and then drives the two connecting rods to reciprocate, the two connecting rods drive the two sliding rods to reciprocate, the two sliding rods drive the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate to reciprocate, and then the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate stagger and clean the filter screen in turn, the reciprocating movement of the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate realizes the alternate cleaning of the two ends of the filter screen, and the cleaning of the filter screen is realized at the same time, and the probability of the return air pipe being blocked by the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate is reduced.

[0019] Optionally, a fourth sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the third sliding groove, and a baffle is slidably connected in the fourth sliding groove.

[0020] By adopting the technical scheme, the baffle is arranged to realize the sealing of the mounting box, reduce the probability of dust entering the mounting box and affecting the operation of the equipment, and improve the operation stability of the equipment.

[0021] On the other hand, the application provides a drilling and blasting excavation method, which adopts the following technical scheme: a drilling and blasting excavation method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: field survey, confirming the properties of rock strata, geological structure, groundwater conditions, etc., and formulating a blasting scheme; designing blasting parameters, determining blast hole arrangement, depth, spacing, charge weight, etc. according to rock mass strength, excavation section size, etc. Step 2: marking the position of the blast hole according to the design drawing, and then using a punching mechanism to punch holes; Step 3: charging, full-hole charging for ordinary holes, segmented charging for peripheral holes or shock absorption holes, and using clay stemming or special blocking bags to block the hole mouth to prevent energy leakage, and after the arrangement is completed, a person uses an initiator or an ignition device to detonate; Step 4: ventilation and smoke exhaust, start the first fan and the second fan to realize air circulation in the tunnel and realize rapid exhaust of dust and toxic gas, at the same time, water is injected into the water storage pipe through the water inlet pipe, and then sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle, at this time, the wind generated by the air inlet pipe blows the atomized water vapor into the tunnel, and the atomized water vapor adsorbs the dust in the air; Step 5: The air flow generated by the first fan drives the rotating fan to rotate, the rotating fan drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, the second rotating shaft drives the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives the limiting block to move, the limiting block drives the first rack to reciprocate through the limiting plate, the first gear drives the second rack to reciprocate through the gear, and then drives the two connecting rods to reciprocate, the two connecting rods drive the two sliding rods to reciprocate, the two sliding rods drive the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate to reciprocate respectively, and the cleaning needles on the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate clean the clogged mesh holes of the filter screen; Step 6: The broken stones generated by the explosion in the tunnel are cleaned through the transfer mechanism.

[0022] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the explosion is completed, the first fan and the second fan are started at the same time, the second fan blows air into the tunnel through the air inlet pipe, and then the second fan extracts air containing dust and toxic gas from the air return pipe, thereby realizing the circulation of air in the entire tunnel, making the extraction efficiency of air containing dust and toxic gas higher; At the same time, the spraying assembly sprays water when air is introduced, thereby adsorbing dust, further improving the dust removal efficiency; 2. Water is injected into the water storage pipe through the water inlet pipe, and then sprayed through the atomizing nozzle, at this time the wind generated by the air inlet pipe blows the atomized water vapor into the tunnel, the atomized water vapor adsorbs the dust in the air, and the wind force of the air inlet pipe blows the water vapor into the tunnel, making the water spraying more uniform, and the adsorption effect of dust is better; 3. The setting of the filter screen shields and blocks the dust and broken stones in the air return pipe, the dust and broken stones blocked by the filter screen enter the dust bag through the collecting pipe, thereby reducing the probability of broken stones and dust being discharged into the air again to pollute the working environment; 4. Because the particle size of the broken stones and dust generated by the explosion is not uniform, there is a probability that the broken stones and dust will block the mesh holes of the filter screen, affecting the extraction efficiency of the air return pipe; The setting of the first fixed plate, the second fixed plate and the cleaning needle realizes the cleaning of the mesh holes of the filter screen, reduces the probability that the broken stones and dust will block the mesh holes of the filter screen and affect the extraction efficiency of the air return pipe; 5. When dust and toxic gas extraction is carried out, the first fan is started, the airflow generated by the first fan drives the rotating fan to rotate, the rotating fan drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the first rotating shaft drives the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, and the second rotating shaft drives the two sliding rods to reciprocate through the reciprocating assembly; the rotation of the rotating fan serves as the power source for the reciprocating movement of the sliding rods, thereby reducing the probability of energy waste caused by external power sources and the probability of air leakage of the return air pipe caused by external power sources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dust removal mechanism in the embodiment of the application. Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air inlet pipe in the embodiment of the application. Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting assembly in the embodiment of the application. Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-blocking assembly in the embodiment of the application. Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the power assembly in the embodiment of the application. Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reciprocating assembly in the embodiment of the application. Figure 7 It is a sectional view of the mounting box in the embodiment of the application.

[0024] Reference signs: 1, dust removal mechanism; 11, return air pipe; 111, first sliding groove; 112, rotating groove; 12, air inlet pipe; 13, first fan; 14, second fan; 15, spraying assembly; 151, water storage pipe; 152, connecting pipe; 153, atomizing nozzle; 154, water inlet pipe; 16, filter screen; 161, fixed block; 17, connecting assembly; 171, first flange; 172, second flange; 173, fixed bolt; 174, fixed nut; 18, collection pipe; 19, dustproof bag; 2, anti-blocking mechanism; 21, power assembly; 211, fixed ring; 212, first rotating shaft; 213, rotating fan; 214, mounting box; 215, first bevel gear; 216, second rotating shaft; 217, second bevel gear; 22, reciprocating assembly; 221, rotating rod; 222, first rack; 223, second rack; 224, rotating wheel; 225, gear; 226, limiting plate; 227, limiting block; 228, connecting rod; 229, baffle; 23, sliding rod; 24, first fixed plate; 25, second fixed plate; 26, cleaning needle; 271, second sliding groove; 272, mounting groove; 273, third sliding groove; 274, fourth sliding groove; 275, waist-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-7 The application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The application discloses a high-efficiency dust-removing drilling and blasting device.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The high-efficiency dust-removing drilling and blasting device comprises a drilling mechanism, a dust-removing mechanism 1 and a transferring mechanism, the drilling mechanism is used for drilling blast holes on a rock wall, the dust-removing mechanism 1 is used for cleaning dust and toxic gas generated by blasting, and the transferring mechanism is used for transferring rock fragments generated by blasting.

[0028] The dust-removing mechanism 1 comprises a plurality of air return pipes 11 and an air inlet pipe 12, the plurality of air return pipes 11 and the air inlet pipe 12 are installed in a tunnel, the plurality of air return pipes 11 are connected to one piece through a connecting assembly 17, a first air blower 13 is fixedly connected in an air return pipe 11 located at a blasting end of the tunnel, and the air inlet pipe 12 is fixedly connected with a second air blower 14 at one end of the blasting end of the tunnel.

[0029] When the blasting is completed, the first air blower 13 and the second air blower 14 are started at the same time, the second air blower 14 blows air into the tunnel through the air inlet pipe 12, and then the second air blower 14 draws air containing dust and toxic gas from the air return pipe 11, thereby realizing circulation of air in the whole tunnel and making the drawing efficiency of the air containing dust and toxic gas higher.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 The air inlet pipe 12 is further provided with a spraying assembly 15, the spraying assembly 15 comprises a water storage pipe 151, the water storage pipe 151 is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 152, an outer thread is formed at one end of the connecting pipe 152 away from the water storage pipe 151, an inner thread is formed at one end of the air inlet pipe 12 at the blasting end of the tunnel, the connecting pipe 152 is threadedly connected to the air inlet pipe 12 through the outer thread and the inner thread, and the water storage pipe 151 is further fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe 154 and a plurality of atomizing nozzles 153.

[0031] Water is injected into the water storage pipe 151 through the water inlet pipe 154, and then sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles 153, at this time, air generated by the air inlet pipe 12 blows the atomized water vapor into the tunnel, the atomized water vapor adsorbs dust in the air, and the air force of the air inlet pipe 12 blows the water vapor into the tunnel, so that the spraying of water is more uniform, and the adsorption effect on dust is better.

[0032] Reference Figure 3The connecting assembly 17 comprises a first flange 171 and a second flange 172, the first flange 171 and the second flange 172 are fixedly connected on the adjacent two return air pipes 11 respectively, the connecting assembly 17 further comprises a plurality of fixing bolts 173, the plurality of fixing bolts 173 are sequentially threaded through the first flange 171 and the second flange 172 and are all threadedly connected with fixing nuts 174; the first flange 171, the second flange 172, the fixing bolt 173 and the fixing nut 174 are arranged to realize the connection between the adjacent return air pipes 11, thereby reducing the probability of air leakage of the return air pipe 11.

[0033] With reference to Figure 4 The return air pipe 11 is provided with a filter screen 16, a first sliding groove 111 is formed in the side wall of one end of the return air pipe 11, a rotating groove 112 is formed in the side wall of the first sliding groove 111, a fixed block 161 is fixedly connected to the filter screen 16, the fixed block 161 is slidingly connected in the first sliding groove 111 and rotatably connected in the rotating groove 112, a collecting pipe 18 is further fixedly connected to the side wall of the return air pipe 11, the collecting pipe 18 is in communication with the return air pipe 11, and a dust bag 19 is fixedly connected to the end of the collecting pipe 18 away from the return air pipe 11.

[0034] The filter screen 16 is arranged to shield and block the dust and gravel in the return air pipe 11, the dust and gravel blocked by the filter screen 16 enter the dust bag 19 through the collecting pipe 18, thereby reducing the probability of the gravel and dust polluting the working environment by being discharged into the air again.

[0035] With reference to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The return air pipe 11 is further provided with an anti-blocking mechanism 2, the anti-blocking mechanism 2 comprises two sliding rods 23, the two sliding rods 23 are slidingly connected in the return air pipe 11 through a reciprocating assembly 22, the return air pipe 11 is further provided with a power assembly 21, the power assembly 21 is in transmission connection with the reciprocating assembly 22, a first fixed plate 24 and a second fixed plate 25 are fixedly connected to the two sliding rods 23 respectively, and a plurality of cleaning needles 26 are fixedly connected to the ends of the first fixed plate 24 and the second fixed plate 25 away from the sliding rods 23.

[0036] Since the particle sizes of the gravel and dust generated by blasting are different, the gravel and dust may block the mesh holes of the filter screen 16, thereby affecting the extraction efficiency of the return air pipe 11; the first fixed plate 24, the second fixed plate 25 and the cleaning needles 26 are arranged to clean the mesh holes of the filter screen 16, thereby reducing the probability that the gravel and dust block the mesh holes of the filter screen 16 and affect the extraction efficiency of the return air pipe 11.

[0037] With reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6The power assembly 21 comprises a fixing ring 211 fixedly connected in the return air pipe 11, a first rotating shaft 212 rotatably connected to the fixing ring 211, a rotating fan 213 fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 212 close to the first fan 13, an installation box 214 fixedly connected in the return air pipe 11, one end of the first rotating shaft 212 away from the rotating fan 213 located in the installation box 214, a first bevel gear 215 fixedly connected to the one end of the first rotating shaft 212 located in the installation box 214, a second rotating shaft 216 rotatably connected in the installation box 214, a second bevel gear 217 fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 216, the second bevel gear 217 engaged with the first bevel gear 215, and the second rotating shaft 216 connected with the reciprocating assembly 22. The reciprocating assembly 22 comprises a rotating rod 221 fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 216, and a limiting block 227 fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 221 away from the second rotating shaft 216. Two second sliding grooves 271 are formed in the bottom wall of the installation box 214, a mounting groove 272 is formed in the side wall of each second sliding groove 271, a first rack 222 and a second rack 223 are slidably connected in the two second sliding grooves 271 respectively, a rotating wheel 224 is rotatably connected in the mounting groove 272, a limiting plate 226 is fixedly connected to one end of the first rack 222 close to the rotating rod 221, a waist-shaped groove 275 is formed in one end of the limiting plate 226 away from the first rack 222, and the limiting block 227 is slidably connected in the waist-shaped groove 275. A gear 225 is further rotatably connected in the installation box 214, the first rack 222 and the second rack 223 are engaged with the gear 225, and the first rack 222 and the second rack 223 are symmetrically arranged according to the gear 225. Third sliding grooves 273 are formed in the side walls of the installation box 214, connecting rods 228 are fixedly connected to the side walls of the first rack 222 and the second rack 223 away from each other, and two sliding rods 23 are fixedly connected to the ends of the two connecting rods 228 away from each other through the two third sliding grooves 273.

[0038] The air flow generated by the first fan 13 drives the rotating fan 213 to rotate, the rotating fan 213 drives the first rotating shaft 212 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 212 drives the first bevel gear 215 to rotate, the first bevel gear 215 drives the second bevel gear 217 to rotate, the second bevel gear 217 drives the second rotating shaft 216 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 216 drives the rotating rod 221 to rotate, the rotating rod 221 drives the limiting block 227 to move, the limiting block 227 drives the first rack 222 to reciprocate through the limiting plate 226, the first gear 225 drives the second rack 223 to reciprocate through the gear 225, thereby driving the two connecting rods 228 to reciprocate, the two connecting rods 228 drive the two sliding rods 23 to reciprocate, the two sliding rods 23 drive the first fixed plate 24 and the second fixed plate 25 to reciprocate respectively, and the cleaning needles 26 on the first fixed plate 24 and the second fixed plate 25 clean the blocked mesh holes of the filter screen 16.

[0039] The rotation of the rotating fan 213 serves as a power source for the reciprocating movement of the sliding rods 23, thereby reducing the probability of energy waste caused by an external power source and the probability of air leakage of the return air pipe 11 caused by the external power source.

[0040] With reference to Figure 7 The side wall of the third sliding groove 273 is provided with a fourth sliding groove 274, the fourth sliding groove 274 is slidably connected with a baffle 229, and the baffle 229 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 228; the baffle 229 is arranged to realize the sealing of the mounting box 214, thereby reducing the probability of dust entering the mounting box 214 to affect the operation of the equipment and improving the operation stability of the equipment.

[0041] The embodiment also discloses a drill-and-blast excavation method, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: on-site survey, confirming the properties of rock strata, geological structure, underground water conditions and the like, and formulating a blasting scheme; designing blasting parameters, determining blast hole arrangement, depth, spacing, charge weight and the like according to rock mass strength, excavation section size and the like; Step 2: marking the positions of blast holes according to design drawings, and then punching holes by using a punching mechanism; Step 3: charging, full-hole charging for common holes, segmented charging for peripheral holes or shock absorption holes, and sealing the hole openings by using clay stemming or special blocking bags to prevent energy leakage, and after the arrangement is completed, a person specially assigned uses an initiator or an ignition device to detonate; Step 4: Ventilation and smoke exhaust, start the first fan 13 and the second fan 14 to realize air circulation in the tunnel, realize the rapid exhaust of dust and toxic gas, at the same time, water is injected into the water storage pipe 151 through the water inlet pipe 154, and then sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle 153, at this time, the wind generated by the air inlet pipe 12 will spray the atomized water vapor into the tunnel, and the atomized water vapor will adsorb the dust in the air; Step 5: The wind flow generated by the first fan 13 drives the rotating fan 213 to rotate, the rotating fan 213 drives the first rotating shaft 212 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 212 drives the first bevel gear 215 to rotate, the first bevel gear 215 drives the second bevel gear 217 to rotate, the second bevel gear 217 drives the second rotating shaft 216 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 216 drives the rotating rod 221 to rotate, the rotating rod 221 drives the limiting block 227 to move, the limiting block 227 drives the first rack 222 to reciprocate through the limiting plate 226, the first gear 225 drives the second rack 223 to reciprocate through the gear 225, and then drives the two connecting rods 228 to reciprocate, the two connecting rods 228 drive the two sliding rods 23 to reciprocate, the two sliding rods 23 drive the first fixed plate 24 and the second fixed plate 25 to reciprocate respectively, and the cleaning needles 26 on the first fixed plate 24 and the second fixed plate 25 clean the blocked mesh holes of the filter screen 16; Step 6: The broken stones generated by blasting in the tunnel are cleaned through the transfer mechanism.

[0042] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal, comprising a drilling mechanism, a dust removal mechanism (1) and a transfer mechanism, characterized in that: The dust removal mechanism (1) comprises a plurality of return air ducts (11), wherein a first fan (13) is installed in the return air duct (11) at the end thereof, and an air inlet duct (12) is also installed in the tunnel, wherein a spray assembly (15) and a second fan (14) are installed on the air inlet duct (12).

2. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spray assembly (15) comprises a water storage pipe (151), a connecting pipe (152) is fixedly connected to the water storage pipe (151), an end of the connecting pipe (152) away from the water storage pipe (151) is provided with an external thread, an end of the air inlet pipe (12) located at the tunnel blasting end is provided with an internal thread, the connecting pipe (152) is threadedly connected to the air inlet pipe (12) via the external thread and the internal thread, a plurality of atomizing nozzles (153) are further installed on the water storage pipe (151), and a water inlet pipe (154) is further fixedly connected to the water storage pipe (151).

3. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A filter (16) is installed in the return air duct (11), a first slide groove (111) is provided on the side wall of one end of the return air duct (11), a rotation groove (112) is provided on the side wall of the first slide groove (111), a fixed block (161) is fixedly connected to the filter (16), the fixed block (161) is slidably connected in the first slide groove (111) and is rotationally connected in the rotation groove (112), a collection pipe (18) is also fixedly connected to the side wall of the return air duct (11), the collection pipe (18) is communicated with the return air duct (11), and a dust bag (19) is fixedly connected to one end of the collection pipe (18) away from the return air duct (11).

4. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The two adjacent return air ducts (11) are connected via a connecting assembly (17), wherein the connecting assembly (17) comprises a first flange (171) and a second flange (172), wherein the first flange (171) and the second flange (172) are respectively fixedly connected to the two adjacent return air ducts (11), and the connecting assembly (17) further comprises a plurality of fixing bolts (173), wherein the plurality of fixing bolts (173) sequentially pass through the first flange (171) and the second flange (172), and are all threadedly connected to fixing nuts (174).

5. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The return air duct (11) is also provided with an anti-blocking mechanism (2), the anti-blocking mechanism (2) comprising two sliding rods (23), both of which are slidably connected to the return air duct (11) via a reciprocating assembly (22), a power assembly (21) is also provided in the return air duct (11), the power assembly (21) is transmission-connected to the reciprocating assembly (22), a first fixed plate (24) and a second fixed plate (25) are respectively fixedly connected to the two sliding rods (23), and a plurality of cleaning needles (26) are fixedly connected to one end of the first fixed plate (24) and the second fixed plate (25) away from the sliding rods (23).

6. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power assembly (21) includes a fixed ring (211), the fixed ring (211) is fixedly connected to the return air duct (11), a first rotating shaft (212) is rotatably connected to the fixed ring (211), and an end of the first rotating shaft (212) close to the first fan (13) is fixedly connected to a rotating fan (213), and an installation box (214) is also fixedly connected in the return air duct (11), an end of the first rotating shaft (212) away from the rotating fan (213) is located in the installation box (214), and an end of the first rotating shaft (212) located in the installation box (214) is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear (215), a second rotating shaft (216) is rotatably connected to the installation box (214), a second bevel gear (217) is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (216), the second bevel gear (217) is meshed with the first bevel gear (215), and the second rotating shaft (216) is connected to the reciprocating assembly (22).

7. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reciprocating assembly (22) includes a rotating rod (221), the rotating rod (221) is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (216), and the end of the rotating rod (221) away from the second rotating shaft (216) is fixedly connected to the limiting block (227); two second sliding grooves (271) are provided on the bottom wall of the installation box (214), and a mounting groove (272) is provided on the side wall of the second sliding groove (271), and the first rack (222) and the second rack (223) are respectively slidably connected in the two second sliding grooves (271), and a rotating wheel (224) is rotatably connected in the mounting groove (272), and the end of the first rack (222) close to the rotating rod (221) is fixedly connected to the limiting plate (226), and the limiting plate (226) is away from the first rack (2 22) is provided with a waist-shaped groove (275) at one end, the limit block (227) is slidably connected to the waist-shaped groove (275), and a gear (225) is rotatably connected in the installation box (214), the first rack (222) and the second rack (223) are both engaged with the gear (225), and the first rack (222) and the second rack (223) are symmetrically arranged according to the gear (225); a third sliding groove (273) is provided on the side walls on both sides of the installation box (214), and a connecting rod (228) is fixedly connected to the side walls away from each other of the first rack (222) and the second rack (223), and the ends of the two connecting rods (228) away from each other pass through the two third sliding grooves (273) and are fixedly connected to the two sliding rods (23).

8. The drilling and blasting excavation device with high efficiency dust removal according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fourth slide groove (274) is provided on the side wall of the third slide groove (273), a baffle (229) is slidably connected in the fourth slide groove (274), and the baffle (229) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (228).

9. A drilling and blasting excavation method, characterized in that: The method of using the drilling and blasting excavation device with high-efficiency dust removal according to claim 7 to excavate a tunnel comprises the following steps: Step 1: Conduct on-site surveys to confirm rock formation properties, geological structure, groundwater conditions, etc., and formulate blasting plans; design blasting parameters, and determine blasthole layout, depth, spacing, charge, etc. based on rock mass strength and excavation section dimensions; Step 2: Mark the blasthole position according to the design drawing, and then use the punching mechanism to punch holes; Step 3: Charge the explosives. For common holes, charge the entire hole. For peripheral holes or shock-absorbing holes, charge the explosives in sections. Use clay or special plugging bags to seal the hole openings to prevent energy leakage. After the arrangement is completed, a dedicated person will use a detonator or ignition device to detonate. Step 4: Ventilation and smoke exhaust: start the first fan (13) and the second fan (14) to realize air circulation in the tunnel and quickly discharge dust and toxic gases. At the same time, water is injected into the water storage pipe (151) through the water inlet pipe (154), and then atomized and sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle (153). At this time, the wind generated by the air inlet pipe (12) will bring the atomized water vapor into and out of the tunnel, and the atomized water vapor will absorb the dust in the air. Step 5: The wind flow generated by the first fan (13) drives the rotating fan (213) to rotate, the rotating fan (213) drives the first rotating shaft (212) to rotate, the first rotating shaft (212) drives the first bevel gear (215) to rotate, the first bevel gear (215) drives the second bevel gear (217) to rotate, the second bevel gear (217) drives the second rotating shaft (216) to rotate, the second rotating shaft (216) drives the rotating rod (221) to rotate, the rotating rod (221) drives the limit block (227) to move, and the limit block (227) passes through the limit plate (226) ) drives the first rack (222) to reciprocate, the first gear (225) drives the second rack (223) to reciprocate through the gear (225), and then drives the two connecting rods (228) to reciprocate, the two connecting rods (228) drive the two sliding rods (23) to reciprocate, the two sliding rods (23) respectively drive the first fixed plate (24) and the second fixed plate (25) to reciprocate, and the cleaning needles (26) on the first fixed plate (24) and the second fixed plate (25) clean the blocked mesh of the filter screen (16); Step 6: Use the transfer mechanism to clean up the debris generated by blasting in the tunnel.

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