A monitoring facility for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters along railways

Abstract

This invention discloses a monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention, belonging to the field of wind and sand monitoring technology. The monitoring facility includes a column, a rotating frame, a wind deflector, and a collection mechanism. The rotating frame is rotatably mounted on the column, and the wind deflector is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame. The collection mechanism includes a sand inlet shell, a cyclone dust collector shell, a ventilation duct, an electrostatic dust removal pipe, a cathode wire, a collection container, a first weighing sensor, a second weighing sensor, a first filter, a first valve, and a second valve. This facility can collect and weigh sand and dust in stages, allowing railway departments to formulate targeted early warning thresholds based on the hazardous characteristics of sand and dust of different particle sizes, reducing the risk of train accidents caused by wind and sand and buying valuable time for emergency response. It can also rationally arrange track bed cleaning and gradation adjustment work, reducing maintenance costs. It can automatically control the discharge of materials from the collection container and the cyclone dust collector shell to avoid excessive material accumulation, and can monitor wind and sand for a long time without human intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind and sand monitoring technology, and in particular to a monitoring facility for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters along railways. Background Technology

[0002] Railway sandstorms mainly manifest as sand burying the roadbed, track bed compaction, and rail burial, which can lead to major accidents such as train derailment in severe cases. Currently, monitoring of railway sand accumulation relies heavily on sand collection devices, but the hazard mechanisms of sand particles of different sizes on the railway system vary significantly: coarse particles larger than 200 μm can easily accumulate and bury rails in a short time; medium-sized particles (5–200 μm) gradually fill the pores in the track bed, changing the track geometry; and fine particles smaller than 5 μm, due to their high specific surface area, adsorb moisture, leading to track bed compaction and reducing track elasticity and drainage performance.

[0003] Existing monitoring equipment, such as the patent with announcement number CN222232127U, collects sand and dust at different heights using multiple sand-collecting cylinders. However, this requires manual on-site sampling and weighing, and relies solely on a single filter screen for particle separation, making it impossible to effectively classify and detect sand and dust particles of different sizes. Furthermore, the fixed pore size of the filter screen allows particles smaller than the pores to be discharged directly, resulting in an inability to accurately identify the degree of harm caused by each particle size, hindering the development of targeted prevention and control strategies, and leading to problems such as delayed early warning and high maintenance costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a monitoring facility capable of accurately separating and detecting sand and dust particles of different sizes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to provide a monitoring facility for the prevention and control of railway sandstorms, enabling the separation and real-time weighing of large, medium, and fine sand particles. It solves the problems of low detection efficiency and inability to classify existing equipment, providing reliable data support for accurate early warning and scientific prevention and control of railway sandstorms, and reducing railway operation safety risks and maintenance costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a monitoring facility for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters on railways, comprising:

[0006] Columns;

[0007] A rotating frame, rotatably mounted on a column;

[0008] The wind deflector is fixedly installed on the rotating frame;

[0009] The collection mechanism includes a sand inlet shell, a cyclone dust collector shell, a ventilation duct, an electrostatic precipitator tube, a cathode wire, a collection container, a first weighing sensor, and a second weighing sensor. The sand inlet shell is fixedly mounted on a rotating frame and has a collection air inlet. The sand inlet shell is connected to the cyclone dust collector shell via the ventilation duct, which is equipped with a first filter screen. The collection container collects the material settling within the sand inlet shell and is weighed by the first weighing sensor. The bottom of the collection container has a main discharge port equipped with a first valve. The cyclone dust collector shell includes a discharge pipe section extending into the sand inlet shell, on which a second valve is installed. The lower end of the electrostatic precipitator tube extends into the cyclone dust collector shell and is weighed by the second weighing sensor. The electrostatic precipitator tube is grounded, and a cathode wire is installed inside the electrostatic precipitator tube.

[0010] Preferably, the collection mechanism further includes a bottom air inlet hood, a second filter screen, and a third valve. The bottom air inlet hood is fixedly mounted on the electrostatic precipitator tube. A second filter screen is installed at the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood. The filter holes of the second filter screen are smaller than the filter hole diameter of the first filter screen. The electrostatic precipitator tube has a dust removal air inlet opening radially. The dust removal air inlet opening is located inside the bottom air inlet hood. The bottom of the electrostatic precipitator tube extends to the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood and is equipped with a third valve.

[0011] Preferably, the upper part of the bottom air inlet shroud has a conical structure.

[0012] Preferably, the collection mechanism further includes a striking device for striking the sand inlet shell, the cyclone dust collector shell, the ventilation duct, or the electrostatic dust collector tube to cause the sand inlet shell, the cyclone dust collector shell, the ventilation duct, and the electrostatic dust collector tube to vibrate.

[0013] Preferably, the sand inlet shell includes an inclined cylindrical section and a vertical cylindrical section, the lower end of the inclined cylindrical section is connected to the upper end of the vertical cylindrical section, the collection container is located inside the inclined cylindrical section, and the collection air inlet and ventilation duct are located on the inclined cylindrical section.

[0014] Preferably, the collection mechanism further includes a baffle plate, which is fixedly installed inside the inclined cylindrical section. The baffle plate divides the inclined cylindrical section into an air inlet chamber and an air outlet chamber, with the lower parts of the air inlet chamber and the air outlet chamber connected. Air enters the air inlet chamber through the collection air inlet, passes through the air outlet chamber, and then enters the cyclone dust collector housing through the ventilation duct. The baffle plate can block the airflow entering from the collection air inlet, so that most of the dust particles in the airflow fall to the collection container at the bottom of the dust inlet housing due to gravity within the air inlet chamber, while a small portion of dust particles rise with the airflow and enter the air outlet chamber. This prevents dust in the airflow from directly entering the ventilation duct through the collection air inlet, thereby reducing the risk of blockage in the ventilation duct, cyclone dust collector housing, and ventilation system.

[0015] Preferably, an inverted conical guide hopper is fixed inside the vertical cylindrical section, located directly above the collection container. The lower opening of the inverted conical guide hopper is smaller than the upper opening of the collection container. The inverted conical guide hopper facilitates the diversion of sand and dust from the vertical cylindrical section into the collection container, preventing sand and dust from entering the gap between the vertical cylindrical section and the collection container.

[0016] Preferably, the inner cavity of the collection container is shaped like an inverted frustum. This allows the sand and dust collected inside the collection container to be easily discharged from the main outlet under gravity.

[0017] Preferably, a protective cover is installed at the top of the cyclone dust collector housing, and the second weighing sensor and the electrostatic dust removal tube are located inside the protective cover. A bend is installed at the top of the electrostatic dust removal tube, and an exhaust port is provided on the protective cover, with the output end of the bend located inside the exhaust port. Air is discharged through the bend. The protective cover prevents external impurities from falling onto the electrostatic dust removal tube, the bend, and the second weighing sensor, thus avoiding interference with the weighing detection of the second weighing sensor.

[0018] Preferably, an opening adjustment valve is installed on the air collection inlet, and a wind speed sensor is installed on the protective cover. The opening adjustment valve can adjust the opening degree, thereby adjusting the air intake of the air collection inlet.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This facility can collect and weigh sand and dust in stages, enabling railway departments to formulate targeted early warning thresholds based on the hazardous characteristics of sand and dust of different particle sizes, thereby reducing the risk of train accidents caused by sand and dust and buying valuable time for emergency response; it can also reasonably arrange track bed cleaning and gradation adjustment work, avoiding excessive maintenance or untimely maintenance, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0021] 2. The first and second valves can automatically control the discharge of materials from the collection container and the cyclone dust collector housing, preventing excessive material accumulation. They can also monitor wind and sand for extended periods without human intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a monitoring facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a collection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of a monitoring facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view along line AA.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point C;

[0028] In the diagram, 1. Column; 2. Rotating frame; 3. Wind deflector; 4. Collection mechanism; 401. Sand inlet housing; 402. Cyclone dust collector housing; 403. Ventilation duct; 404. Electrostatic precipitator pipe; 405. Cathode wire; 406. Collection container; 407. First weighing sensor; 408. Second weighing sensor; 409. Collection air inlet; 410. First filter screen; 411. Beating device; 412. Main discharge port; 413. First valve ; 414. Second valve; 415. Bottom air inlet hood; 416. Second filter screen; 417. Third valve; 418. Inclined cylindrical section; 419. Vertical cylindrical section; 420. Baffle plate; 421. Air inlet chamber; 422. Air outlet chamber; 423. Inverted conical guide hopper; 424. Protective cover; 425. Bend; 426. Exhaust port; 427. Screw; 428. Opening adjustment valve; 429. Dust removal air inlet; 5. Wind speed sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] Please see Figures 1 to 6 This application provides a monitoring facility for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters on railways, including a column 1, a rotating frame 2, a wind deflector 3, and a collection mechanism 4.

[0031] Among them, column 1 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire monitoring facility. It is vertically and fixedly installed at key locations along the railway line where wind and sand disasters need to be monitored, providing a stable installation carrier for subsequent components.

[0032] The bottom of column 1 can be designed as a pointed shape for easy insertion into the soil, or a base can be fixed to the bottom of column 1 to secure it to the ground. Column 1 ensures that the monitoring facility remains stable in windy and sandy environments, preventing vibration from affecting detection accuracy and guaranteeing long-term stable operation of the facility.

[0033] The rotating frame 2 is rotatably mounted on the column 1 via bearings, and the wind deflector 3 is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 2. The wind deflector 3 is a rectangular thin plate structure, or it can be trapezoidal or triangular.

[0034] The wind deflector 3 and the collection mechanism 4 are located on both sides of the column 1. The wind deflector 3 is used to sense changes in wind direction. Under the action of wind, it drives the rotating frame 2 to rotate, so that the direction of the collection air inlet 409 can be directly facing the wind direction, thereby ensuring that the sand and dust flow can smoothly enter the collection air inlet 409.

[0035] The collection mechanism 4 includes components such as a sand inlet housing 401, a cyclone dust collector housing 402, a ventilation duct 403, an electrostatic dust collector tube 404, a cathode wire 405, a collection container 406, a first weighing sensor 407, and a second weighing sensor 408.

[0036] The sand inlet housing 401 is fixedly installed on the rotating frame 2. The sand inlet housing 401 is provided with a collection air inlet 409 and is connected to the cyclone dust collector housing 402 through a ventilation duct 403. The ventilation duct 403 is fixedly connected to both the sand inlet housing 401 and the cyclone dust collector housing 402.

[0037] The sand inlet shell 401, in conjunction with the air inlet 409, allows large particles to quickly settle into the collection container 406 under the influence of gravity. The air inside the sand inlet shell 401 enters the cyclone dust collector shell 402 through the ventilation duct 403.

[0038] The ventilation duct 403 is a rigid pipe that can transmit vibration. When one of the ventilation duct 403, the sand inlet shell 401, or the cyclone dust collector shell 402 is struck and vibrated, the ventilation duct 403 vibrates synchronously with the sand inlet shell 401 and the cyclone dust collector shell 402, which facilitates the discharge of the collected sand and dust.

[0039] A first filter 410 is installed on the ventilation duct 403. The first filter 410 restricts the passage of dust particles larger than 200μm, while allowing particles smaller than 200μm to enter the cyclone dust collector housing 402. This allows the collection container 406 to directly capture dust particles larger than 200μm, laying the foundation for the subsequent separation of medium and fine particles. This forms the first step in the graded detection process, effectively preventing large particles from clogging and wearing down subsequent separation components, and ensuring the stable operation of the overall equipment.

[0040] The collection container 406 is used to collect the material that settles in the sand inlet shell 401, and the material is weighed by the first weighing sensor 407. The first weighing sensor 407 is a ring-shaped weighing sensor, which acquires the weight data of the sand collected in the collection container 406 in real time.

[0041] To facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the first weighing sensor 407 and the collection container 406, the sand inlet housing 401 is connected to the rotating frame 2 by bolts and nuts. The first weighing sensor 407 is installed on the rotating frame 2. By removing the bolts and nuts, the first weighing sensor 407 and the collection container 406 located inside the sand inlet housing 401 can be taken out.

[0042] The bottom of the collection container 406 is provided with a main discharge port 412 and a first valve 413. The first valve 413 is an electric valve, which can automatically control the opening of the main discharge port 412 to discharge the material in the collection container 406 and prevent excessive accumulation.

[0043] The cyclone dust collector housing 402 primarily utilizes centrifugal force to separate medium-sized particles of sand and dust. Airflow entering the cyclone dust collector housing 402 through the ventilation duct 403 proceeds tangentially, creating a rotating airflow field within the housing. This centrifugal force applies to both the airflow and the particles. In this rotating airflow, medium-sized particles (5–200 μm) experience significantly greater centrifugal force than the drag force of the airflow due to their relatively large mass. Under this centrifugal force, these particles are rapidly thrown towards the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing 402. After colliding with the inner wall, their kinetic energy decreases, and they slide down the wall under gravity to the bottom of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, eventually settling in the discharge pipe section extending from the cyclone dust collector housing 402 into the sand inlet housing 401. Meanwhile, fine particles smaller than 5 μm experience relatively less centrifugal force due to their small mass, gradually converging towards the center of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, forming an upward internal vortex, and ultimately entering the electrostatic precipitator pipe 404.

[0044] A second valve 414 is installed on the discharge pipe section. The second valve 414 is an electric valve that automatically controls the discharge of material from the discharge pipe section. The material inside the cyclone dust collector housing 402 is discharged into the collection container 406 through the discharge pipe section. The first weighing sensor 407 detects the instantaneous increase in weight, which is the weight of the material inside the cyclone dust collector housing 402. The second valve 414 is located inside the sand inlet housing 401, making the entire structure of the facility more compact. Of course, in other embodiments, the second valve 414 can also be located outside the sand inlet housing 401.

[0045] The electrostatic precipitator tube 404 is coaxially arranged with the dust collector housing and has a clearance fit, so they do not contact each other. The lower end of the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 extends into the cyclone dust collector housing 402 and is weighed by the second weighing sensor 408. The electrostatic precipitator tube 404 is grounded. The cathode wire 405 is installed inside the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 and is insulated from the electrostatic precipitator tube 404.

[0046] The second weighing sensor 408 is installed at the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, and the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 is installed on the second weighing sensor 408. The second weighing sensor 408 is a ring-shaped weighing sensor. The second weighing sensor 408 acquires the weight data of the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 and the components fixedly connected to the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 in real time. Since the weight of these components is constant, after the discharge of the tip of the cathode wire 405, the air inside the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 is ionized to form a plasma region. Small dust particles capture electrons in the plasma region. After becoming charged, under the action of Coulomb force, their trajectory is deflected towards the inner wall of the electrostatic precipitator tube 404. The charged particles are attracted by the grounded electrostatic precipitator tube 404. The increased weight detected by the second weighing sensor 408 is the weight of the collected small dust particles.

[0047] In this embodiment, multiple rotating frames 2 can be installed on the column 1 according to the height to be detected, and corresponding collection mechanisms 4 and wind deflectors 3 can be installed on the rotating frames 2.

[0048] This embodiment also includes a controller (not shown). The controller can be fixed on the column 1 or fixed to the ground by a base. The controller has a wireless transceiver module and is electrically connected to various electrical components of this monitoring facility, such as the first valve 413, the second valve 414, the first weighing sensor 407, the second weighing sensor 408, and the cathode wire 405.

[0049] The first weighing sensor 407 and the second weighing sensor 408 monitor the weight of sand and dust inside the collection container 406 and the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 in real time, and convert the data into electrical signals that are transmitted to the controller. Upon receiving the data, the controller uses its built-in A / D conversion module to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, completing data acquisition. Subsequently, the controller transmits the weight data of sand and dust of different particle sizes, equipment operating status, and other information in real time to the railway dispatch center or remote monitoring platform via a wireless transceiver module, according to an agreed communication protocol such as LoRa or 4G / 5G, so that staff can remotely monitor the situation. Alternatively, the controller can transmit the weight data of sand and dust of different particle sizes, equipment operating status, and other information in real time to the railway dispatch center or remote monitoring platform via a wired connection using a cable.

[0050] The controller incorporates a data analysis algorithm that compares received dust weight data with preset thresholds. If the content of large particles (greater than 200 μm) exceeds the threshold, a potential risk of rail burial is identified. The controller immediately sends an early warning to the railway dispatch center via wireless transceiver and initiates a track inspection procedure. If the content of medium-sized particles (5–200 μm) is abnormal, the controller assesses the risk of track geometry changes by combining historical data with the track porosity model and sends a recommendation to the maintenance department to arrange track cleaning or gradation adjustment. If the content of fine particles (less than 5 μm) is too high, an early warning of track compaction risk is issued, and track maintenance instructions are pushed out in advance. Through intelligent analysis, data support is provided for railway disaster prevention decision-making.

[0051] After the monitoring facility has been running continuously for 24 hours, the controller automatically sends opening commands to the first valve 413 and the second valve 414 in sequence to discharge the sand and dust in the collection container 406 and the cyclone dust collector housing 402 and clean the equipment.

[0052] The hazards of large sand particles (greater than 200 μm), medium sand particles (5–200 μm), and small sand particles (less than 5 μm) to railways are detailed below.

[0053] Large-particle sandstorms are mainly composed of fine sand and gravel. They are relatively large in size and heavy, and under the influence of wind, they move primarily through jumps and creep. The most direct hazard this type of sandstorm poses to railways is track burial. When a sandstorm occurs, large amounts of large-particle sand rapidly accumulate on the rails, covering the rail surface, affecting wheel-rail contact, and reducing the geometric accuracy of the track. Furthermore, large-particle sandstorms cause wear and tear on rails and sleepers during train operation, accelerating the aging and damage of track components, and increasing maintenance costs and frequency.

[0054] Medium-sized aeolian sand, primarily composed of fine sand, moves through both vertical and suspended motion. Along railway lines, these particles easily fill the pores in the ballast bed, gradually altering its gradation. As medium-sized aeolian sand accumulates, the porosity of the ballast bed decreases, leading to reduced drainage performance and increased water accumulation during rainfall, further weakening its load-bearing capacity. An increased content of 5–200 μm particles in the ballast bed significantly raises its elastic modulus, exacerbating uneven track stiffness and increasing vibration and impact during train passage. This not only affects passenger comfort but also causes additional damage to the track structure and vehicle components. Furthermore, medium-sized aeolian sand can infiltrate critical components such as track fasteners and turnouts, affecting their normal operation, increasing the probability of malfunctions, and threatening train safety.

[0055] Fine-grained sand and dust, mostly composed of silt and clay particles, possess high specific surface area and strong adsorption properties, persisting in the atmosphere in a suspended state for extended periods. The primary harm these particles cause to railways lies in ballast compaction. Fine-grained sand and dust penetrate deep into the ballast bed, filling the tiny pores between the ballast stones. Under the influence of moisture and train vibration, they adhere to each other, gradually causing the ballast bed to lose its elasticity and become hard and dense. When the content of fine-grained sand and dust in the ballast bed exceeds a certain proportion, the degree of compaction intensifies significantly, leading to increased wheel-rail forces during train operation and exacerbating rail wear and fatigue damage. Furthermore, fine-grained sand and dust can also infiltrate precision components such as railway signaling equipment and train braking systems, causing blockages, wear, or electrical faults, severely impacting the normal operation of the railway system.

[0056] The monitoring facility in this embodiment provides multifaceted key support for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters along railways by weighing and detecting the content of windblown sand of different particle sizes. The significant benefits it brings are explained below from the perspectives of disaster early warning, maintenance methods, and equipment protection.

[0057] By weighing and detecting the content of sand particles of different sizes, railway departments can formulate targeted early warning thresholds based on the hazardous characteristics of each particle size. For example, in the Yandun wind zone of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed ​​Railway, monitoring has shown that when large sand particles accumulate to more than 12cm on the track surface within 6 hours, they can seriously affect train operation. When the content of sand particles of that size reaches the corresponding threshold, an early warning of speed limit or train stoppage can be issued. Compared with the previous general monitoring, the accuracy of the early warning has been greatly improved, significantly reducing the risk of train accidents caused by sandstorms and buying valuable time for emergency response.

[0058] Different particle sizes of aeolian sand pose varying degrees and mechanisms of damage to railways. The precise data provided by the monitoring facilities in this application helps in developing scientific maintenance strategies. For example, on the Milan section of the Golmud-Korla Railway, based on the annual growth data of medium-sized aeolian sand detected by the device, combined with its impact on the elastic modulus of the track bed, track bed cleaning and gradation adjustment work can be rationally arranged to avoid over-maintenance or untimely maintenance, thereby reducing maintenance costs. Simultaneously, based on the content of fine-particle aeolian sand, the risk of track bed compaction can be accurately assessed, allowing for proactive measures to prevent compaction and reduce additional maintenance expenses caused by track performance degradation.

[0059] To address the wear and tear on rails and sleepers caused by large particles of sand and dust, the rail coating protection and sleeper reinforcement can be strengthened. To address the problem of medium-sized sand and dust intruding into key track components, the sealing design of components can be optimized. Given the impact of fine sand and dust on precision equipment, high-efficiency filtration devices can be installed on signaling equipment and braking systems to effectively extend the service life of equipment and ensure the stable operation of the railway system.

[0060] In some embodiments, to prevent medium-sized dust particles from entering the electrostatic precipitator tube 404, the collection mechanism 4 further includes a bottom air inlet hood 415, a second filter screen 416, and a third valve 417. The bottom air inlet hood 415 is fixedly mounted on the electrostatic precipitator tube 404, and the second filter screen 416 is installed at the bottom, with its filter holes smaller than the filter hole diameter of the first filter screen 410. The electrostatic precipitator tube 404 has a dust removal air inlet 429 radially opened, located inside the bottom air inlet hood 415, and the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator tube 404 extends below the bottom air inlet hood 415 and is equipped with a third valve 417.

[0061] The bottom air inlet hood 415 prevents dust particles falling due to centrifugal force and gravity from directly entering the dust removal air inlet 429. The cooperation between the dust removal air inlet 429 and the bottom air inlet hood 415 ensures that the rising airflow carrying fine particles can smoothly enter the electrostatic precipitator tube 404. The second filter 416 allows fine particles smaller than 5μm to pass through and enter the electrostatic precipitator tube 404, while intercepting medium-sized particles of 5–200μm within the cyclone dust collector housing 402. This allows the cyclone dust collector to capture particles ranging from 5–200μm, achieving precise separation of medium and fine particles. The second filter 416 is located at the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood 415, rather than on the side, which reduces the risk of clogging and facilitates the entry of rising fine particles into the electrostatic precipitator tube 404.

[0062] Furthermore, the upper part of the bottom air inlet hood 415 has a conical structure, which facilitates the convergence of fine particles to the bottom under the action of gravity, prevents particles from accumulating on the air inlet hood, reduces the risk of blockage, ensures long-term stable operation of the equipment, and reduces maintenance workload.

[0063] After the monitoring facility has been running continuously for 24 hours, the controller automatically sends opening commands to the first valve 413, the second valve 414 and the third valve 417 in sequence to discharge the sand and dust in the collection container 406, the cyclone dust collector housing 402 and the electrostatic dust collector pipe 404 and clean the equipment.

[0064] In some embodiments, to prevent sand and dust particles from adhering to the inner wall of the equipment, the collection mechanism further includes a striking device 411 for striking the sand inlet housing 401, the cyclone dust collector housing 402, the ventilation duct 403, or the electrostatic dust collector tube 404 to cause them to vibrate.

[0065] In this embodiment, the striking device 411 is installed on the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, specifically on a detachable top cover of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, allowing direct striking of the cyclone dust collector housing 402. The striking device 411 is a push-pull electromagnet, electrically connected to the controller. Alternatively, the striking device 411 can be an electromagnetic hammer vibrator or other devices capable of striking under the control of the controller.

[0066] The controller controls the operation of the striking device 411 periodically or based on the detection data. For example, when weighing the particles collected in the cyclone dust collector housing 402, the striking device 411 continuously strikes the cyclone dust collector housing 402, causing it to vibrate. The cyclone dust collector housing 402 transmits the vibration to the sand inlet housing 401, the ventilation duct 403, and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, causing the particles adhering to the inner wall of the equipment to fall off. This prevents the accumulation of particles from affecting the normal operation of the equipment and the detection accuracy, and ensures the continuity and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0067] Additionally, when the first valve 413 is opened to empty the sand and dust particles in the collection container 406, the striking device 411 can be operated via the controller. Similarly, when the second valve 414 is opened to empty the sand and dust particles in the cyclone dust collector housing 402, the striking device 411 can be operated via the controller. Especially when it is necessary to clean the sand and dust particles adhering to the electrostatic precipitator tube 404, the third valve 417 can be opened, and the striking device 411 can be operated via the controller to vibrate and dislodge the sand and dust particles adhering to the inner wall of the electrostatic precipitator tube 404.

[0068] In some embodiments, to make the structure of the facility more compact and to facilitate the rapid sliding of large sand particles into the collection container 406, the sand inlet shell 401 includes an inclined cylindrical section 418 and a vertical cylindrical section 419. The lower end of the inclined cylindrical section 418 is connected to the upper end of the vertical cylindrical section 419. The collection container 406 is located inside the inclined cylindrical section 418, and the collection air inlet 409 and the ventilation duct 403 are located on the inclined cylindrical section 418.

[0069] The design of the inclined cylindrical section 418 facilitates the rapid sliding of large sand particles into the collection container 406 under the action of gravity. Compared with the horizontal structure, this can increase the settling speed of large particles and reduce the risk of blockage. At the same time, this structure makes more rational use of the internal space of the sand inlet shell 401, optimizes the airflow path, and improves the sand collection efficiency.

[0070] To facilitate the rapid settling of large dust particles larger than 200μm into the collection container 406, the collection mechanism 4 in this embodiment also includes a baffle 420. The baffle 420 is fixedly installed inside the inclined cylindrical section 418, dividing it into an air inlet chamber 421 and an air outlet chamber 422, and the lower parts of the air inlet chamber 421 and the air outlet chamber 422 are connected.

[0071] In this embodiment, air enters the inlet chamber 421 through the collection inlet 409, passes through the outlet chamber 422, and then enters the cyclone dust collector housing 402 through the ventilation duct 403. The baffle 420 effectively blocks the high-speed airflow entering through the collection inlet 409, causing most of the large dust particles in the airflow to fall into the collection container 406 at the bottom of the dust collector housing 401 due to gravity within the inlet chamber 421. A small portion of dust particles rise with the airflow and enter the outlet chamber 422, preventing dust in the airflow from directly entering the ventilation duct 403 through the collection inlet 409, thus reducing the risk of blockage in the ventilation duct 403 and the cyclone dust collector housing 402. At the same time, the airflow is rectified, making the airflow entering the ventilation duct 403 more stable, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent efficient separation of the cyclone dust collector housing 402 and the electrostatic precipitator tube 404, and improving the overall reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0072] In order to smoothly guide the sand and dust in the vertical cylindrical section 419 into the collection container 406, this embodiment provides an inverted conical guide hopper 423 fixed inside the vertical cylindrical section 419. The inverted conical guide hopper 423 is located directly above the collection container 406, and its lower opening size is smaller than the upper opening size of the collection container 406.

[0073] Understandably, the inverted conical guide hopper 423 can smoothly guide the sand and dust in the vertical cylindrical section 419 into the collection container 406, effectively preventing sand and dust from entering the gap between the vertical cylindrical section 419 and the collection container 406, preventing sand and dust accumulation from affecting the weighing accuracy of the collection container 406, ensuring accurate measurement of the weight data of large particles of wind and sand, and providing more accurate data support for the risk assessment of rail burial.

[0074] In some embodiments, to reduce discharge time and residual amount, the inner cavity of the collection container 406 is shaped like an inverted frustum. This shape design makes it easier for the sand and dust collected in the collection container 406 to be discharged from the main discharge port 412 under the action of gravity. Compared with traditional cylindrical containers, the discharge speed is faster, which can reduce discharge time and residual amount.

[0075] In some embodiments, to reduce weighing errors, a protective cover 424 is installed on the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, and the second weighing sensor 408 and the electrostatic dust collector tube 404 are located inside the protective cover 424; to facilitate the discharge of gas from the electrostatic dust collector tube 404 to the outside, a bent pipe 425 is installed on the top of the electrostatic dust collector tube 404, and an exhaust port 426 is opened on the protective cover 424, with the output end of the bent pipe 425 located inside the exhaust port 426.

[0076] Understandably, the protective cover 424 can effectively prevent external impurities from falling onto the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, the bend 425, and the second weighing sensor 408, preventing impurities from affecting the weighing detection accuracy of the second weighing sensor 408; at the same time, it protects the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 and the bend 425 from wind and sand erosion, extends the service life of the equipment, ensures accurate and reliable weighing detection, and provides a stable data source for monitoring track bed compaction and changes in track geometry parameters.

[0077] A screw 427 is detachably mounted on the vertical section of the bent pipe 425. Both ends of the screw 427 extend into electrostatic precipitator tubes 404 and are fitted with nuts. The cathode wire 405 has mounting holes at its top, which are fitted onto the screw 427. The cathode wire 405 is fixed to the screw 427 by two additional nuts. The screw 427 is made of insulated rigid plastic. This allows the working section of the cathode wire 405 to be located within the electrostatic precipitator tube 404. In other embodiments, the screw 427 can also be detachably mounted directly on the electrostatic precipitator tube 404.

[0078] In some embodiments, an opening adjustment valve 428 is installed on the air collection inlet 409, the opening adjustment valve 428 is a component of the collection mechanism 4, and a wind speed sensor 5 is installed on the protective cover 424.

[0079] The opening regulating valve 428 is an electrically operated regulating gate valve. Both the opening regulating valve 428 and the wind speed sensor 5 are electrically connected to the controller. Based on wind speed information, the controller can flexibly adjust the air intake. When there is heavy sandstorm, the opening is increased to improve collection efficiency; when the sandstorm is light, the opening is decreased to avoid overloading the equipment. This ensures that the monitoring facilities can operate efficiently and stably under different sandstorm conditions, improving the adaptability and reliability of the monitoring data. For example, when sandstorms occur in the monitoring area and the wind speed reaches a preset threshold, such as 5 m / s, the controller automatically sends a command to the opening regulating valve 428 to open it to 70%.

[0080] During the graded detection process, the controller controls the coordinated operation of various components according to a preset time logic. For example, after 10 minutes of monitoring, the controller controls the opening adjustment valve 428 to close the collection air inlet 409 to reduce the influence of airflow. The controller reads the data from the first weighing sensor 407 and can then use the striking device 411 to strike the cyclone dust collector housing 402, causing it to vibrate. The vibration is transmitted to the sand inlet housing 401, preventing sand particles from adhering to the inner wall of the sand inlet housing 401, thereby improving detection accuracy. Subsequently, the controller controls the second valve 414 to open, guiding the sand in the cyclone dust collector housing 402 into the collection container 406. At this time, the increased weight detected by the first weighing sensor 407 is the weight of the sand collected in the cyclone dust collector housing 402. The controller can also use the striking device 411 to strike the cyclone dust collector housing 402, causing it to vibrate and preventing sand particles from adhering to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing 402, thereby improving detection accuracy.

[0081] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0082] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0083] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0084] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0085] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A monitoring facility for the prevention and control of wind and sand disasters along railways, characterized in that, include: Column (1); The rotating frame (2) is rotatably mounted on the column (1); The wind deflector (3) is fixedly installed on the rotating frame (2); The collection mechanism (4) includes a sand inlet housing (401), a cyclone dust collector housing (402), a ventilation duct (403), an electrostatic dust collector pipe (404), a cathode wire (405), a collection container (406), a first weighing sensor (407), a second weighing sensor (408), a bottom air inlet hood (415), a second filter screen (416), and a third valve (417); wherein, the sand inlet housing (401) is fixedly installed on the rotating frame (2), and the sand inlet housing (402) is fixedly installed on the rotating frame (2). The sand inlet shell (401) is provided with a collection air inlet (409). The sand inlet shell (401) is connected to the cyclone dust collector shell (402) through a ventilation duct (403). A first filter screen (410) is installed on the ventilation duct (403). The collection container (406) is used to collect the material that settles in the sand inlet shell (401). The collection container (406) is weighed by a first weighing sensor (407). The bottom of the collection container (406) is provided with a total discharge port (412). A first valve (413) is installed on the cyclone dust collector housing (402), which includes a discharge pipe section extending into the sand inlet housing (401). A second valve (414) is installed on the discharge pipe section. The lower end of the electrostatic precipitator pipe (404) extends into the cyclone dust collector housing (402). The electrostatic precipitator pipe (404) is weighed by a second weighing sensor (408). The cathode wire (405) is installed inside the electrostatic precipitator pipe (404). The bottom air inlet cover (415) is fixedly fitted. On the electrostatic precipitator tube (404), a second filter screen (416) is installed at the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood (415). The filter holes of the second filter screen (416) are smaller than the filter hole diameter of the first filter screen (410). The electrostatic precipitator tube (404) is radially provided with a dust removal air inlet (429). The dust removal air inlet (429) is located inside the bottom air inlet hood (415). The bottom of the electrostatic precipitator tube (404) extends to the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood (415) and is equipped with a third valve (417).

2. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the bottom air inlet shroud (415) has a conical structure.

3. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection mechanism (4) further includes a striking device (411) for striking the sand inlet shell (401), the cyclone dust collector shell (402), the ventilation duct (403) or the electrostatic dust collector tube (404) to cause the sand inlet shell (401), the cyclone dust collector shell (402), the ventilation duct (403) and the electrostatic dust collector tube (404) to vibrate.

4. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand inlet shell (401) includes an inclined cylindrical section (418) and a vertical cylindrical section (419). The lower end of the inclined cylindrical section (418) is connected to the upper end of the vertical cylindrical section (419). The collection container (406) is located inside the inclined cylindrical section (418), and the collection air inlet (409) and ventilation duct (403) are located on the inclined cylindrical section (418).

5. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that, The collection mechanism (4) also includes a baffle (420), which is fixedly installed inside the inclined cylindrical section (418). The baffle (420) divides the inclined cylindrical section (418) into an air inlet chamber (421) and an air outlet chamber (422), and the lower parts of the air inlet chamber (421) and the air outlet chamber (422) are connected.

6. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical cylindrical section (419) is fixed with an inverted conical guide hopper (423), which is located directly above the collection container (406). The lower opening size of the inverted conical guide hopper (423) is smaller than the upper opening size of the collection container (406).

7. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the collection container (406) is shaped like an inverted frustum.

8. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the cyclone dust collector housing (402) is equipped with a protective cover (424), and the second weighing sensor (408) and the electrostatic dust removal tube (404) are located inside the protective cover (424); the top of the electrostatic dust removal tube (404) is equipped with a bend (425), and an exhaust port (426) is opened on the protective cover (424), with the output end of the bend (425) located inside the exhaust port (426).

9. The monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, An opening adjustment valve (428) is installed on the air collection inlet (409), and a wind speed sensor (5) is installed on the protective cover (424).

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