Soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system and method, and the system comprises a model box which is used for accommodating a soft soil foundation model; the loading device is used for applying static and dynamic loads to the soft soil foundation model; the data acquisition device is used for acquiring settlement data of the soft soil foundation model, and the settlement data comprises but is not limited to settlement volume, soil pressure and pore water pressure; and the control device is used for controlling the loading process of the loading device and the data acquisition process of the data acquisition device. Through the model test box and the optimized multi-layer drainage system, the actual working condition of the soft soil foundation can be accurately reproduced. The bottom gradient design and the vertical drainage system with the first drainage pipe matched with the sand cushion layer ensure the efficient drainage condition in the test, and the precision of settlement characteristic research is improved. Besides, compared with a prototype test, the model can efficiently analyze the influence of various factors on foundation settlement by flexibly adjusting test conditions such as a load working condition and a foundation treatment mode, and the test repeatability is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of model test and soft ground treatment technology, in particular to a soft ground settlement characteristic model test system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soft ground is often encountered in engineering construction, and is widely distributed in coastal areas, river deltas and areas around lakes, such as the deep soft ground in Wenzhou area. Soft ground is mainly composed of silt, silt soil and other soft cohesive soil, and has poor engineering properties such as high water content, high void ratio, high compressibility, low strength, thixotropy, etc. Under static and dynamic load, it is easy to produce excessive settlement or cause uneven settlement, which has adverse effects on the stability, safety and normal use function of various buildings and infrastructure. For example, according to the investigation of Wenzhou Power Supply Company, the soft ground settlement problem of the substation is very serious, which has brought serious threats to the safe and stable operation of the power grid, such as tight lead of horizontal break disconnecting switch, tilting deformation of equipment foundation, etc. Therefore, in the city where soft ground is widely distributed, it is necessary to use various measures to reduce the influence of settlement on buildings and their auxiliary facilities.

[0003] In the prior art, on the one hand, through indoor soil test, the influence of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of soil can be studied to reveal the behavior characteristics of soil at different temperatures, but the explanation of the mechanism is insufficient, and even there are some contradictory views. On the other hand, although the existing prototype test can more directly reflect the actual situation, due to the complex mechanism of drainage consolidation soft ground treatment, and the prototype test conditions are easily affected by construction, site and other factors, the control is difficult, and the test results are difficult to popularize, combined with the high test cost.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need for a soft ground settlement characteristic model test system and method to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a soft ground settlement characteristic model test system and method. The main purpose is to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of soil preparation and the unreasonable drainage conditions of the existing model test technology.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present application, a soft ground settlement characteristic model test system is provided, comprising: a model box, the model box is a model made of steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate can be adjusted according to the lateral pressure in the designed model test, and the size of the internal space of the model box can also be customized according to the test requirements, which is used to accommodate the soft ground model;

[0007] A loading device is used to apply static and dynamic load to the soft ground model.

[0008] a data collection device for collecting settlement data of the soft soil foundation model, the settlement data including but not limited to settlement amount, earth pressure and pore water pressure;

[0009] a control device for controlling the loading process of the loading device and the data collection process of the data collection device.

[0010] Further, the model box is a sealed structure, which can effectively prevent external environmental factors (such as moisture, dust, etc.) from interfering with the test and ensure the stability of the test environment. In addition, the model box is internally provided with a support structure for fixing the soft soil foundation model.

[0011] Further, the model box comprises a shell, a rigid baffle and a plurality of fixing columns; the rigid baffle is arranged in the model box and has a certain spacing with the inner circumferential wall of the model box. This design provides sufficient settlement space for the soft soil foundation model, so that it can deform freely under the action of load and be closer to the settlement condition of the soft soil foundation in actual engineering. The plurality of fixing columns are respectively arranged at the four corners of the model box, and the rigid baffle is fixedly connected in the model box by being hingedly connected with the plurality of fixing columns. This connection mode not only ensures the stability of the rigid baffle, but also allows it to move within a certain range to adapt to the possible slight displacement of the soft soil foundation model in the settlement process, which helps to more accurately simulate the settlement process of the soft soil foundation.

[0012] Further, the rigid baffle comprises at least a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle and a fourth baffle.

[0013] The first baffle and the fourth baffle are oppositely arranged, the second baffle and the third baffle are respectively arranged on the two sides of the first baffle, the first end of the first baffle is connected with one end of the second baffle, and a first gap is arranged between the end of the second baffle away from the first baffle and the fourth baffle.

[0014] One end of the third baffle is connected with the fourth baffle, and a second gap is arranged between the end of the third baffle away from the fourth baffle and the second baffle.

[0015] Further, a plurality of drainage holes are arranged on the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle respectively, and a plurality of drainage holes are uniformly arranged on the rigid baffle, so that the drainage channel between the soft soil foundation model and the outside can be increased, and the drainage efficiency can be improved. During the loading process, the pore water in the soft soil foundation can be quickly discharged through the drainage holes, the consolidation settlement process of the soft soil foundation is accelerated, and the test period is shortened. At the same time, the uniform distribution of the drainage holes ensures the uniformity of the drainage process, avoids the excessive local settlement difference of the soft soil foundation model caused by uneven drainage, and makes the test results more representative and reliable.

[0016] Further, the bottom plate of the rigid baffle is provided with a plurality of first drainage pipes; and the plurality of first drainage pipes are arranged in a cross manner and in a "well" shape. The design in the application not only accelerates the consolidation speed of the soft soil foundation, but also makes the test results reflect the long-term settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under the action of load faster. In addition, the "well" structure of the first drainage pipe has good stability and can withstand a certain pressure during the drainage process, so as to ensure the normal operation of the drainage system.

[0017] Further, the bottom surface of the shell of the model box is a non-planar structure with a higher central slope than the surrounding, and the inner wall of the bottom surface of the shell is a continuous curved surface or a stepped surface descending from the center to the periphery. The bottom surface structure of the shell of the model box in the application is beneficial to the discharge of the pore water generated by the soft soil foundation model under the action of load to the periphery, simulates the process of drainage and consolidation of the soft soil foundation in the actual engineering, and makes the test results more in line with the actual situation. At the same time, the design of the curved surface or the stepped surface can avoid the accumulation of pore water in the local area, ensure the uniformity of the pore water pressure distribution in the soft soil foundation model, and help to more accurately analyze the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation.

[0018] Further, a plurality of vertical drainage pipes are arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the shell, and together with the first drainage pipes of the bottom plate of the rigid baffle, the vertical drainage pipes constitute a perfect drainage system. The vertical drainage pipes can further promote the discharge of the pore water in the soft soil foundation model, especially for the soft soil foundation in the deeper part, which can more effectively reduce the pore water pressure and accelerate the consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation. At the same time, the outer layer of the first drainage pipes and the vertical drainage pipes is wrapped with water filtering material, which can effectively prevent the soft soil particles from entering the drainage pipes and causing blockage, ensure the long-term stable operation of the drainage system, ensure smooth drainage during the test process, and thus obtain accurate test data.

[0019] Further, a sand cushion layer is filled between the shell and the rigid baffle, which plays a role of buffering and drainage transition. The sand cushion layer has good water permeability, which can further promote the drainage of pore water in the soft soil foundation model, and also can uniformly transmit the load to reduce the influence of local stress concentration on the soft soil foundation model. In addition, the sand cushion layer can also play a certain supporting role to maintain the stability of the rigid baffle, avoid deformation or damage of the rigid baffle due to uneven settlement of the soft soil foundation model, and ensure the normal operation of the entire test system.

[0020] Further, the outer peripheral wall of the shell is provided with a valve hole position for installing a valve, and the valve is electrically connected with a control device to control the flow rate and on-off state of the first drainage pipe and the vertical drainage pipe. The control device can flexibly adjust the drainage amount according to the test requirements, simulate the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under different drainage conditions, and make the test more comprehensively reflect various possible drainage conditions in actual engineering.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the present application, a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test method is provided, which is realized based on the soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system as described in the above first aspect of the present application,

[0022] The method comprises: S1, preparing a soft soil foundation model and placing it in a model box;

[0023] S2, setting a loading scheme by a control device, starting a loading device to apply static and dynamic loads to the soft soil foundation model, and controlling a valve to control the drainage amount;

[0024] S3, collecting settlement data, load pressure and strain conditions of the soft soil foundation model in real time by a data acquisition device, wherein the settlement data includes but is not limited to settlement amount, soil pressure and pore water pressure;

[0025] S4, analyzing and processing the collected data by the control device to generate an analysis report of the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation;

[0026] S5, evaluating the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under static and dynamic loads according to the analysis report.

[0027] The application provides a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system and method, and the application can accurately reproduce the actual working condition of the soft soil foundation through a customized model test box and an optimized multi-layer drainage system. The drainage system of the bottom slope design and the vertical and horizontal drainage pipes cooperates with the sand cushion layer to ensure uniform and efficient drainage conditions in the test, and improves the accuracy of the settlement characteristic research. Compared with the prototype test, the model test of the application is lower in cost and easier to operate. By flexibly adjusting the load working condition, foundation treatment method and other test conditions, the influence of various factors on the foundation settlement can be efficiently analyzed, the test has high repeatability, and the application is convenient for summarizing the law and promoting the application.

[0028] In addition, the system in the application can accurately measure the settlement amount, soil pressure and pore water pressure and other key data, provides a scientific basis for revealing the soft soil foundation settlement mechanism, and provides reliable support for the research and optimization of the soft soil foundation treatment technology, and is suitable for various soil types and engineering requirements.

[0029] The above description is only a summary of the technical scheme of the application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the application, the specific embodiments of the application can be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are part of the present application and serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, the schematic embodiments of the present application and the description thereof serve to explain the present application, but do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0031] In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 A structure schematic view of a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test box provided by an embodiment of the application is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 Another angle structure schematic view of a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test box provided by an embodiment of the application is shown;

[0034] Figure 3 A top view structure schematic view of a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test box provided by an embodiment of the application is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 A flowchart of a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test method provided by an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1, model box; 11, shell; 2, rigid baffle; 21, first baffle; 22, second baffle; 23, third baffle; 24, fourth baffle; 3, drain hole; 4, valve hole; 5, vertical drain pipe; 6, first drain pipe.

[0038] It should be noted that these drawings and written descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present application, but not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] As Figures 1-4 shown, a soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system, comprising: a model box 1, the model box 1 is a model made of steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate can be adjusted according to the lateral pressure in the designed model test, and the size of the internal space of the model box can also be customized according to the test requirements, which is used to accommodate the soft soil foundation model; the model box 1 is used to accommodate the soft soil foundation model; a loading device for applying static and dynamic load to the soft soil foundation model;

[0044] A data acquisition device is used to acquire settlement data of the soft soil foundation model, the settlement data including but not limited to settlement amount, soil pressure and pore water pressure; a control device is used to control the loading process of the loading device and the data acquisition process of the data acquisition device.

[0045] In the embodiment, the model box 1 is a sealed structure, and a support structure for fixing the soft soil foundation model is arranged inside the model box 1, so that the test can be effectively prevented from being disturbed by external environmental factors (such as moisture, dust, etc.), and the stability of the test environment is ensured. In addition, the support structure for fixing the soft soil foundation model is arranged inside the model box 1.

[0046] In an available embodiment, the model box 1 comprises a shell 11, a rigid baffle 2, and a plurality of fixing columns.

[0047] The rigid baffle 2 is arranged in the model box 1 and is spaced apart from the inner circumferential wall of the model box 1. This design provides sufficient settlement space for the soft soil foundation model, so that the soft soil foundation model can deform freely under the action of load and more closely approach the settlement condition of the soft soil foundation in actual engineering. The plurality of fixing columns are respectively arranged at four corners of the model box 1, and the rigid baffle 2 is fixedly connected in the model box 1 by being hingedly connected to the plurality of fixing columns. This connection mode not only ensures the stability of the rigid baffle, but also allows the rigid baffle to move within a certain range to adapt to the possible small displacement of the soft soil foundation model in the settlement process, which is helpful to more accurately simulate the settlement process of the soft soil foundation.

[0048] In the embodiment, the rigid baffle 2 at least comprises a first baffle 21, a second baffle 22, a third baffle 23, and a fourth baffle 24.

[0049] The first baffle 21 and the fourth baffle 24 are oppositely arranged, the second baffle 22 and the third baffle 23 are respectively arranged on two sides of the first baffle 21, one end of the first baffle 21 is connected to one end of the second baffle 22, and a first gap is arranged between the end of the second baffle 22 away from the first baffle 21 and the fourth baffle 24.

[0050] One end of the third baffle plate 23 is connected with the fourth baffle plate 24, and the other end of the third baffle plate 23 away from the fourth baffle plate 24 is provided with a second gap between the second baffle plate 22. In the present application, the first gap and the second gap are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the first baffle plate 21 and the fourth baffle plate 24 to form a convection structure and increase the path, and the pore water needs to be discharged from the model during the settlement of the soft soil foundation. After the first gap and the second gap staggered to form a convection structure, the pore water can form an orderly flow path inside the model. When the pore water discharge of a certain area is larger, the pore water of the surrounding area will be supplemented in time through the convection structure, avoiding the phenomenon of drainage congestion caused by the rapid drainage of local area and the insufficient supply of pore water in the surrounding area, ensuring that the pore water in the entire soft soil foundation model can be discharged more uniformly. In addition, the convection structure makes the pore water form a circulating flow trend in the model. This circulating flow can accelerate the discharge speed of the pore water. Compared with the single drainage path without convection structure, the convection structure formed by the staggered gaps can more effectively utilize the drainage space, so that the pore water continuously contacts the drainage channel during the flow process, thereby quickly reducing the pore water pressure in the soft soil foundation, accelerating the consolidation settlement process of the soft soil foundation, and shortening the test period. On the other hand, in actual engineering, the drainage of soft soil foundation is not a simple one-way flow, but a complex convection phenomenon. The convection structure formed by the staggered gaps can better simulate this actual drainage environment, making the test results more realistic and representative. By introducing the convection structure in the model test, the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under different drainage conditions can be more accurately studied, providing a more reliable reference for the treatment of soft soil foundation in actual engineering.

[0051] The staggered arrangement of the first gap and the second gap increases the path length of the pore water flowing in the model, which is equivalent to increasing the contact area of the pore water and the drainage channel. More pore water can exchange matter with the drainage channel on a longer flow path, thereby increasing the discharge amount of the pore water. Even in the case of low permeability of the soft soil foundation, the longer drainage path can ensure a certain drainage effect, so that the pore water in the soft soil foundation can be discharged more fully, accelerating the consolidation of the soft soil foundation.

[0052] In an embodiment, the first baffle 21, the second baffle 22, the third baffle 23 and the fourth baffle 24 are provided with a plurality of drainage holes 3 at intervals. Specifically, the first baffle 21, the second baffle 22, the third baffle 23 and the fourth baffle 24 are provided with drainage holes with a diameter of 5-50 mm at intervals of 5-20 cm. The plurality of drainage holes can increase the drainage channel between the soft soil foundation model and the outside, and improve the drainage efficiency. During the loading process, the pore water in the soft soil foundation can be quickly drained through the drainage holes, accelerating the consolidation settlement process of the soft soil foundation and shortening the test period. At the same time, the uniform distribution of the drainage holes ensures the uniformity of the drainage process, avoids excessive local settlement difference of the soft soil foundation model caused by uneven drainage, and makes the test results more representative and reliable.

[0053] In an embodiment, the bottom plate of the rigid baffle 2 is provided with a plurality of first drainage pipes 6.

[0054] The plurality of first drainage pipes 6 are arranged in a cross shape, i.e., in a "well" shape. The adjacent first drainage pipes 6 are arranged at intervals of 5-20 cm, and the aperture of the first drainage pipe 6 can be 10-30 mm according to the requirement. The first drainage pipe 6 is provided with drainage holes with a diameter of 5-10 mm at intervals of 5-10 cm, and is wrapped with two layers of filter material such as medical gauze outside the first drainage pipe 6 to prevent the drainage pipe from being blocked and thus affecting the drainage effect.

[0055] In the embodiment, the inner circumferential wall of the shell 11 is provided with a plurality of vertical drainage pipes 5. The first drainage pipe 6 and the vertical drainage pipe 5 can be used to effectively guide the water flow inside and outside the model box 1, avoid water accumulation and uneven water distribution, and ensure the accuracy of the experimental results. The first drainage pipe 6 and the vertical drainage pipe 5 are wrapped with filter material outside. Preferably, the material of the first drainage pipe 6 and the vertical drainage pipe 5 can be PVC pipe, steel pipe, iron pipe or stainless steel pipe. The size of the model box 1 is diameter x height = (500-2000 mm) x (1000-2500 mm), the wall thickness of the model box 1 is 2-15 mm, the height of the soft soil foundation is 800-1500 mm, and the size of the horizontal sand cushion layer is diameter x thickness = (500-2000 mm) x (50-200 mm).

[0056] In a feasible embodiment, the bottom surface of the shell 11 of the model box 1 is a non-planar structure with a central slope higher than the surrounding, and the inner wall of the bottom surface of the shell 11 is a continuously descending curved surface or a stepped surface from the center to the periphery. The bottom surface structure of the shell of the model box according to the application is beneficial to the drainage of the pore water generated by the soft soil foundation model under the action of load to the periphery, simulates the process of drainage consolidation of the soft soil foundation in the actual engineering, and makes the test results more in line with the actual situation. At the same time, the design of the curved surface or the stepped surface can avoid the accumulation of pore water in the local area, ensure the uniformity of the pore water pressure distribution in the soft soil foundation model, and help to more accurately analyze the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation.

[0057] In a feasible embodiment, the outer peripheral wall of the shell 11 is provided with a valve hole 4 for installing a valve, and the valve is electrically connected with a control device to control the flow rate and on-off state of the first drainage pipe 6 and the vertical drainage pipe 5.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] A method for testing the settlement characteristics of a soft soil foundation, which is realized based on the soft soil foundation settlement characteristics model test system as described in the above example 1, and the method comprises: S1, preparing a soft soil foundation model and placing it in the model box 1; specifically comprising: filling pure coarse sand and laying geotextile in the height area between the outer wall of the model box 1 and the inner wall of the rigid baffle 2 and the bottom. The geotextile is used to prevent the mutual pollution of the sand layer and the clay, and to ensure that the physical properties between different soil layers are not affected. The soft clay with a water content of 85% is used for layered filling in the filling area, and the filling process is divided into four layers, and each layer of soft clay is fully stirred to ensure its saturation.

[0060] S2, setting a loading scheme by a control device, starting a loading device to apply static and dynamic load to the soft soil foundation model, and controlling a valve to control the drainage amount; in the application, the soil is consolidated by the loading device to simulate the pretreatment of the soil in the actual engineering, until the soil approaches the field water content. After the pre-consolidation is completed, samples are taken from different depths for measurement to evaluate the physical and mechanical indexes of the soil such as the permeability coefficient. The isolation wall is set in the model box by using the static pressure method, and the position and depth of the setting are strictly controlled to avoid excessive disturbance to the surrounding soil. The setting of the isolation wall aims to ensure the uniformity of the stress of the soil and the accuracy of the experiment.

[0061] S3, the data acquisition device is used to collect the settlement data, load pressure and strain of the soft soil foundation model in real time, and the settlement data include but are not limited to settlement amount, soil pressure and pore water pressure; the data acquisition device in the application includes but is not limited to settlement marks, electronic dial gauges, pore water pressure sensors and soil pressure sensors and the like monitoring sensors. The arrangement of the sensors is strictly controlled in the designed position, and the disturbance to the soil body is minimized. After the sensors are set, the soil body is allowed to be in a stable state for 24 hours, for example, and then the initial reading measurement of all the sensors is performed as a comparison benchmark for subsequent experimental data.

[0062] In the embodiment, the load application process is divided into multiple stages, and the settlement amount of the loading plate in 1 hour is required to be less than 0.1 mm for each stage of load application. Only when the settlement amount of each stage of load meets the requirement, the next stage of load can be applied. In the load application process, the sensors are used to monitor the changes of various settlement data in real time, including settlement amount, pore water pressure, soil pressure and the like. In order to effectively remove excess water, the first drainage pipe and the vertical drainage pipe are used as drainage paths, and the water in the interlayer is prevented from being excessively discharged by accurately adjusting the control valve.

[0063] S4, the control device selects different positions and depths for sampling, tests the basic physical and mechanical indexes, and analyzes and processes the data to generate an analysis report of the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation; in the application, the control device includes a computer and a control software, the control software is installed on the computer, and is used to control the work of the loading device and the data acquisition device, and analyze and process the collected data.

[0064] The control software has data storage, data display and data analysis functions, and can generate an analysis report of the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation.

[0065] S5, according to the analysis report, the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under static and dynamic load are evaluated.

[0066] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application, and does not limit the application in any form. Although the application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the application. Any skilled person in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-mentioned technical content without departing from the technical solution of the application, and equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes are equivalent. The embodiments in the above examples can be further combined or replaced, but as long as it does not deviate from the technical solution of the application, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above examples according to the technical essence of the application are still within the scope of the application.

Claims

1. A soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system, characterized in that: include: A model box (1) is used to accommodate a soft soil foundation model; A loading device, used to apply static and dynamic loads to the soft soil foundation model; A data acquisition device for acquiring settlement data of a soft soil foundation model, wherein the settlement data includes but is not limited to settlement amount, soil pressure and pore water pressure; The control device is used to control the loading process of the loading device and the data acquisition process of the data acquisition device.

2. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box (1) is a sealed structure, and a support structure for fixing the soft soil foundation model is provided inside.

3. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The model box (1) comprises: a shell (11), a rigid baffle (2), and a plurality of fixing columns; The rigid baffle (2) is arranged in the model box (1) and is spaced a certain distance from the inner peripheral wall of the model box (1); The plurality of fixing columns are respectively arranged at the four corners of the model box (1), and the rigid baffle (2) is fixedly connected to the model box (1) by being hinged to the plurality of fixing columns.

4. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rigid baffle (2) comprises at least a first baffle (21), a second baffle (22), a third baffle (23), and a fourth baffle (24); The first baffle (21) and the fourth baffle (24) are arranged opposite to each other, the second baffle (22) and the third baffle (23) are respectively arranged on both sides of the first baffle (21), a first end of the first baffle (21) is connected to one end of the second baffle (22), and a first gap is provided between one end of the second baffle (22) away from the first baffle (21) and the fourth baffle (24); One end of the third baffle (23) is connected to the fourth baffle (24), and a second gap is provided between one end of the third baffle (23) away from the fourth baffle (24) and the second baffle (22).

5. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of drainage holes (3) are respectively arranged at intervals on the first baffle (21), the second baffle (22), the third baffle (23), and the fourth baffle (24).

6. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the rigid baffle (2) is provided with a plurality of first drainage pipes (6); A plurality of the first drainage pipes (6) are cross-arranged in a "well" shape.

7. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the shell (11) of the model box (1) is a non-planar structure with a central slope higher than that of the surroundings, and the inner wall of the bottom surface of the shell (11) is a continuously descending curved surface or stepped surface from the center to the surroundings.

8. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of vertical drainage pipes (5) are respectively provided on the inner peripheral wall of the shell (11); The outer layers of the first drainage pipe (6) and the vertical drainage pipe (5) are wrapped with water filtering material.

9. The soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall of the shell (11) is provided with a valve hole (4) for installing a valve, and the valve is electrically connected to a control device to control the flow rate and on / off state of the first drain pipe (6) and the vertical drain pipe (5).

10. A model test method for soft soil foundation settlement characteristics, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the soft soil foundation settlement characteristic model test system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above. The method comprises: S1, preparing a soft soil foundation model and placing it in a model box (1); S2. Setting a loading scheme through a control device, starting the loading device to apply static and dynamic loads to the soft soil foundation model, and controlling the valve to control the water discharge; S3. Using a data acquisition device to collect settlement data, load pressure, and strain of the soft soil foundation model in real time, the settlement data including but not limited to settlement, soil pressure, and pore water pressure; S4. The control device analyzes and processes the collected data and generates an analysis report on the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation; S5. Based on the analysis report, evaluate the settlement characteristics of the soft soil foundation under static and dynamic loads.

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