Vehicle-mounted double-low-voltage battery system and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle control, in particular to a vehicle-mounted double-low-voltage-battery system and a working method.A main power distribution control unit is connected with a generator, a main battery system and an auxiliary power distribution control unit; the auxiliary power distribution control unit is respectively connected with the main power distribution control unit and the standby battery system through corresponding binding posts, an electromagnetic switch is arranged between the binding posts, the electromagnetic switch is connected with a combination instrument, and the combination instrument is connected with the standby battery system; when the voltage, obtained by the combination instrument, of the standby battery system exceeds a set range, a signal is sent to the electromagnetic switch, the electromagnetic switch acts according to the obtained signal, and a loop between the main power distribution control unit and the standby battery system is closed or opened.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle control, in particular to a vehicle-mounted double low-voltage battery system and a working method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.

[0003] The low-voltage storage battery (usually a 12V or 24V lead-acid battery / lithium battery) in the vehicle is the core power supply unit of the vehicle electrical system, mainly responsible for providing power for non-driving low-voltage electrical equipment and ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle key system. At present, most vehicles use a single low-voltage battery system to supply power to the vehicle. When the battery is in a depleted state, the vehicle cannot be started, affecting the normal operation of the vehicle.

[0004] Some vehicles with higher stability requirements attempt to carry a double low-voltage battery system. The common solution is to install a backup battery, but the backup battery is not physically connected to the vehicle power supply system. When used, it needs to be manually switched to cable connection. The disadvantages of this solution are: the vehicle backup battery switching is slow, and the state of the backup battery cannot be monitored in real time. It needs to be actively checked by a person. If the power is not replenished in time, it will not be available when used due to power depletion. Charging the backup battery requires manual operation by personnel on duty, resulting in a waste of manpower and resources.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the prior art uses a controller to monitor the state of the main battery and the backup battery in real time, meeting the use of the double battery system. However, a separate controller and control circuit need to be configured for the backup battery, resulting in a complex structure, high installation environment requirements, difficulty in maintenance when a fault occurs, difficulty in maintenance, and high cost of the controller, poor practicality. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the technical problems in the background art, the present application provides a vehicle-mounted double low-voltage battery system and a working method, which solves the problems of non-personalized function of the double battery system, untimely power supply switching, lack of backup battery management, and complex structure of the double battery system with a control module, difficult maintenance, and high price in the existing vehicle power supply system, thereby significantly improving the reliability, stability and safety of vehicle power supply, prolonging the service life of the low-voltage battery, and providing more feasibility for emergency operation for the driver.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted double low-voltage battery system, comprising: a main power distribution control unit connected with a generator, a main battery system and an auxiliary power distribution control unit, respectively; The auxiliary power distribution control unit is connected with the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system through corresponding terminals, and the terminals are provided with electromagnetic switches.

[0008] Further, the input end of the main power distribution control unit is connected with the generator and the main battery system.

[0009] Further, the output end of the main power distribution control unit is connected with the auxiliary power distribution control unit.

[0010] Further, the combined instrument includes a voltage monitoring module and a control module, when the voltage monitoring module obtains the voltage of the backup battery system below the first set value, the control module sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch executes the loop closing action according to the signal.

[0011] Further, when the voltage of the backup battery system exceeds the second set value, the control module sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch executes the loop opening action according to the signal.

[0012] Further, the electromagnetic switch includes a control end and a load end, the control end receives the switching signal from the manual switch and the signal from the voltage monitoring module of the combined instrument, and the load end is controlled to be attracted or opened.

[0013] Further, the two signals received by the control end are isolated through corresponding diodes.

[0014] Further, the load end of the electromagnetic switch includes an input side and an output side, the input side is connected with the positive output of the main power distribution control unit, and the output side is connected to the input end of the auxiliary power distribution control unit and connected to the backup battery system or the whole vehicle circuit.

[0015] The second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted double low-voltage battery working method, comprising the following steps: When the obtained voltage signal of the backup battery system exceeds the set range, the electromagnetic switch executes the action according to the signal, and closes or opens the loop between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system. The manual switch sends an instruction, and the electromagnetic switch executes the action according to the instruction, and closes or opens the loop between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

[0016] Further, when the discharge voltage of the main battery system is lower than a set value, the electromagnetic switch is closed to connect the loop between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: 1. In the normal running state of the vehicle, the electromagnetic switch in the auxiliary power distribution control unit is in the open state, and the backup battery system is isolated from the vehicle power supply circuit and does not participate in the daily power supply work of the vehicle. At this time, the main battery system serves as the only power supply to supply power to each control module. When the main battery is out of power or fails, the backup battery system can be put into use in time to realize rapid switching to backup battery power supply when the main battery fails. When the load of each control module is too large, the backup battery system participates in power supply to prevent vehicle equipment from working abnormally due to insufficient power supply.

[0018] 2. When the voltage of the backup battery system obtained by the combination instrument exceeds the set range, the loop between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system is closed or opened through the electromagnetic switch, so that reasonable charging management can be performed according to the real-time power state of the backup battery, and overcharging and power shortage phenomena are avoided, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the backup battery and reducing the use cost of the vehicle.

[0019] 3. The manual control function is added to provide an additional emergency operation means for the driver, so that the driver can take active measures to ensure power supply when facing complex and variable vehicle failure conditions, and the flexibility of the system in responding to emergencies is enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the application, and together with the description of the exemplary embodiments of the application given below, explain the application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the application.

[0021] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted double low-voltage battery system provided by one or more embodiments of the application; Figure 2 is a principle schematic diagram of a double battery system PDCU provided by one or more embodiments of the application; Figure 3 is a top view schematic diagram of the outer shape structure of the double battery system PDCU provided by one or more embodiments of the application; Figure 4 is a front view schematic diagram of the outer shape structure of the double battery system PDCU provided by one or more embodiments of the application; Figure 5 is a side view schematic diagram of the outer shape structure of the double battery system PDCU provided by one or more embodiments of the application.

[0022] In the figure, 1, the main body, 2, electromagnetic switch, 3, terminal post, 4, terminal copper bar, 5, fuse, 6, fixing hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0025] As introduced in the background, single battery system has insufficient reliability: once the traditional single low-voltage battery is out of power, the whole vehicle will be paralyzed and cannot be started in emergency. In the existing dual battery system, if the standby battery is manually switched, the efficiency is low and depends on manual operation; the dual battery system using independent controller has high cost, complex structure and difficult maintenance, which leads to the inability to monitor the state of the standby battery in real time and the risk of power failure due to poor management.

[0026] The present application provides a vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system and a working method, which solves the problems of the existing vehicle power supply system, such as non-humanized function of the dual battery system, untimely power supply switching, lack of standby battery management, and complex structure of the dual battery system with a control module, difficult maintenance, and high price, thereby significantly improving the reliability, stability and safety of vehicle power supply, prolonging the service life of low-voltage battery, and providing more feasibility for emergency operation for the driver.

[0027] Example 1: A set of low-voltage battery system and control device is installed outside the main storage battery, which does not participate in work at ordinary times and is only used as a standby power supply. At the same time, the control and detection signals are retained for the whole vehicle. When the main battery system is out of power or power supply is insufficient, it can respond to start working at any time; it can also monitor the state of the standby battery system at any time and perform power compensation or fault handling on the standby battery system. In addition, when the whole vehicle is in power shortage, it can respond to the driver's operation to participate in the power supply of the whole vehicle.

[0028] The main PDCU (power distribution control unit) of the system is increased with the terminal post of the auxiliary PDCU, which is used for power connection with the standby battery system.

[0029] The system can control and manage the standby battery system by setting the auxiliary PDCU (power distribution control unit), which can access the main battery system and participate in the power management of the whole vehicle.

[0030] By the above-mentioned mode, the reliability of vehicle power supply is improved. When the main battery is out of power or fails, the standby battery system can be used in time, the main battery is quickly switched to the standby battery for power supply when the main battery fails, the problem of vehicle power supply interruption and unable to work or start caused by main battery failure is effectively avoided, the reliability and stability of vehicle power supply are greatly improved, and the normal operation of the vehicle is ensured.

[0031] At the same time, the ability of the vehicle to cope with high load working conditions is enhanced. When the load of the whole vehicle is too large, the standby battery system participates in power supply to prevent vehicle equipment from working abnormally due to insufficient power supply, and the stability and safety of the vehicle are improved. The manual control function provides an additional emergency operation means for the driver, so that the driver can take active measures to ensure power supply when facing complex and variable vehicle failure conditions, and the flexibility of the system to respond to emergencies is enhanced.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1 A vehicle-mounted low-voltage dual-battery system and method, comprising a main battery system, a standby battery system, a main PDCU and an auxiliary PDCU.

[0033] The main PDCU is connected with the main battery system and the generator (or DC / DC module) and the auxiliary PDCU, the auxiliary PDCU is connected with the standby battery system, the auxiliary PDCU is provided with a terminal connected with the main PDCU and a terminal connected with the auxiliary battery, and the two terminals are closed or disconnected through the action of an electromagnetic switch. The electromagnetic switch can be a relay, for example, a relay with a current of 200A.

[0034] In this embodiment, the main PDCU is separately provided with a terminal for the auxiliary PDCU, and the auxiliary PDCU is provided with a terminal for the main PDCU and a terminal for the auxiliary battery. The above terminals are connected by a cable.

[0035] In the normal operation state of the vehicle, the large-current relay in the auxiliary PDCU is in the disconnected state, and the standby battery system is in the isolated state with the vehicle power supply circuit and does not participate in the daily power supply work of the vehicle. At this time, the main battery system serves as the only power supply, and the main PDCU precisely regulates and distributes the electric energy. The main PDCU delivers stable electric energy to various electronic systems of the vehicle, such as the engine control system, the lighting system and the vehicle entertainment system, according to the actual power demand of each power-consuming device of the vehicle, to ensure the normal operation of each function of the vehicle. In the normal working mode, the division of labor is clear, which not only ensures the efficient use of the main battery system, but also enables the standby battery to remain in a good standby state, reduces unnecessary charge and discharge cycles, and prolongs the service life of the standby battery.

[0036] The control end of the large current 200A relay is attracted, and the loop between the main PDCU and the auxiliary PDCU is turned on. At this time, the backup battery system accesses the vehicle power supply circuit to provide power for the vehicle, ensuring that the vehicle can still work in an emergency.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2 The voltage detection of the backup battery is realized through a special detection line, one end of which is directly connected to the output end of the backup battery system, and the other end is connected to the input pin of the combination instrument. The combination instrument is built-in with a voltage monitoring and control logic module. When the backup battery voltage is detected to be lower than 80% of the rated voltage, the control logic module of the combination instrument outputs an automatic switch control signal of a specific voltage. The signal is transmitted to the control end of the electromagnetic switch (large current 200A relay), so that the relay is attracted, and the charging loop between the main PDCU and the auxiliary PDCU is turned on, and the power generated by the generator or DCDC positive electrode can flow smoothly to the backup battery system, realizing the automatic charging function.

[0038] The backup battery positive electrode and the electromagnetic switch (large current 200A relay) are connected through a cable line, and a 150A fuse with protection is also provided.

[0039] In order to give the driver the ability to independently control the power supply in special circumstances, the system is provided with a manual switch control function. When the driver judges that the main battery system cannot work normally according to the actual running state of the vehicle, the large current 200A relay is attracted by supplying power to the manual switch, the main PDCU and auxiliary PDCU loop is turned on, and the backup battery system supplies power to the vehicle control unit.

[0040] The manual switch and the automatic switch are respectively provided with corresponding diodes between the electromagnetic switch to prevent voltage interference.

[0041] As shown in Figures 3-5 The system is integrated in the box body, and the lines in the system are mainly copper bars. The box body is made of ABS material, which is a flame-retardant engineering plastic. The integrated design makes the box body smaller and more practical to install.

[0042] The system includes a main body 1, an electromagnetic master switch 2 (large current 200A relay) arranged in the main body 1, and the electromagnetic master switch 2 is fixedly connected with the copper bar in the box by bolts, and the connection is reliable.

[0043] Four bolt fixing holes 6 are arranged around the main body 1, and the fixing bolts can be fixed on the vehicle fixing plate through the holes by bolts, which is convenient for installation and maintenance.

[0044] The terminal post 3 is arranged below the main body 1 and is used for crimping the cable line. The terminal post 3 is arranged outside the main body 1 below, and the terminal post is connected with the copper bar in the box, which can effectively reduce the size of the box body and facilitate construction.

[0045] The copper busbar 4 is distributed inside the PDCU and is used to control the flow of current and realize the control of power distribution.

[0046] Fuse 5 is distributed inside the PDCU, controlling the protection of the circuit and playing the role of protecting the line.

[0047] The fixing holes 6 are distributed around the PDCU controller, with a total of four fixing points for fixing the PDCU.

[0048] The backup battery voltage is detected via a dedicated detection circuit, one end of which is directly connected to the backup battery system's output and the other to the instrument cluster's input pin. The instrument cluster incorporates a built-in voltage monitoring and control logic module. When the backup battery voltage falls below 80% of its rated voltage, the control logic module outputs an automatic on / off control signal at a specific voltage. This signal is transmitted to the control terminal of an electromagnetic switch (a high-current 200A relay), which closes the relay and connects the charging circuit between the main and auxiliary PDCUs. This allows the power generated by the generator or DC-DC positive terminal to flow smoothly to the backup battery system, enabling automatic charging.

[0049] Through the above system, the reliability of the vehicle's power supply is improved. When the main battery is low on power or fails, the backup battery system can be put into use in time, and the power supply can be quickly switched to the backup battery when the main battery fails. This effectively avoids the problem of vehicle power supply interruption and inability to work normally or start due to main battery failure, greatly improving the reliability and stability of the vehicle's power supply, ensuring the safety of vehicle driving and the normal operation of the vehicle.

[0050] Specifically: when the discharge voltage of the main battery system is lower than the set value, the electromagnetic switch is closed, connecting the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

[0051] Through the above system, the vehicle's ability to cope with high-load conditions is enhanced. When the vehicle load is too large, the backup battery system participates in power supply to prevent abnormal operation of vehicle equipment due to insufficient power supply, thereby improving the stability and safety of the vehicle.

[0052] For example, when a vehicle is fully loaded and going uphill, the cooling system (ATS) is working at full speed, while the generator is idling, and the generator's power generation is insufficient to support the ATS system.

[0053] For example, when the vehicle is stationary and the generator or DC-DC is not working, the vehicle needs to turn on large load devices such as the heating system and lighting system. At this time, the main battery power is insufficient to support the use demand; The manual control function provides the driver with an additional means of emergency operation, enabling the driver to take proactive measures to ensure power supply when faced with complex and changeable vehicle failure situations, thereby enhancing the system's flexibility in responding to emergencies.

[0054] The above system forms an independent backup battery system and power distribution unit design, which is easy to maintain and manage, reducing the maintenance cost of the vehicle power supply system. It also improves the reliability and stability of the vehicle, making the vehicle power supply system more stable and safe, meeting the requirements of high-end customers.

[0055] By setting up a backup battery, auxiliary PDCU and cable harness, and utilizing the vehicle's existing control pins, a beneficial supplement to the vehicle's power supply can be achieved; compared with traditional dual-battery systems, it has a simple structure, strong environmental adaptability, high cost performance and easy maintenance.

[0056] Through precise power detection and intelligent charging control strategies, reasonable charging management is carried out according to the real-time power status of the backup battery to avoid overcharging and power loss, thereby effectively extending the service life of the backup battery and reducing vehicle use costs.

[0057] Example 2: A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery operating method comprises the following steps: When the voltage signal of the backup battery system is obtained and exceeds a set range, the electromagnetic switch is actuated according to the obtained signal to close or open the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system; The manual switch issues a command, and the electromagnetic switch performs an action according to the command, closing or opening the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

[0058] When the discharge voltage of the main battery system is lower than the set value, the electromagnetic switch is closed, connecting the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

[0059] The above system forms an independent backup battery system and power distribution unit design, which is easy to maintain and manage, reducing the maintenance cost of the vehicle power supply system. It also improves the reliability and stability of the vehicle, making the vehicle power supply system more stable and safe, meeting the requirements of high-end customers.

[0060] By setting up a backup battery, auxiliary PDCU and cable harness, and utilizing the vehicle's existing control pins, a beneficial supplement to the vehicle's power supply can be achieved; compared with traditional dual-battery systems, it has a simple structure, strong environmental adaptability, high cost performance and easy maintenance.

[0061] Through accurate electric quantity detection and intelligent charging control strategy, reasonable charging management is carried out according to the real-time electric quantity state of the backup battery, so that overcharging and power shortage phenomenon are avoided, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the backup battery and reducing the use cost of the vehicle.

[0062] System initialization and normal working mode.

[0063] Main battery power supply: after the vehicle starts, the main PDCU preferentially takes power from the main battery system, and distributes the electric energy to the vehicle load (such as ECU, light, entertainment system, etc.) through the copper distribution.

[0064] Auxiliary PDCU state: the large-current relay (200A) remains open, the backup battery system is isolated from the main circuit and does not participate in power supply.

[0065] Backup battery monitoring: the positive electrode of the backup battery is connected to the voltage monitoring module of the combination instrument through a special detection line, and the voltage is monitored in real time. If the backup battery voltage is greater than or equal to 80% of the rated voltage, the system maintains normal, and charging is not triggered.

[0066] Automatic switching process when the main battery is power shortage / failure.

[0067] Trigger condition: the main battery voltage is lower than the set threshold (such as 9.6V) or the main PDCU detects insufficient power supply.

[0068] Action process: the main PDCU sends a switching signal to the auxiliary PDCU, the relay control end is attracted, and the main-backup battery loop is closed. The backup battery is immediately connected to the vehicle circuit to replace the main battery power supply, ensuring continuous operation of the vehicle. The combination instrument prompts "main battery failure, switched to backup power".

[0069] Backup battery low power automatic charging process.

[0070] Trigger condition: the combination instrument monitors that the backup battery voltage is less than 80% of the rated value (such as 12V system is lower than 9.6V).

[0071] Action process: the combination instrument outputs a control signal to the relay, and the relay contacts are attracted. The generator / DCDC charges the backup battery through the main PDCU→auxiliary PDCU. After charging to a voltage greater than or equal to 95% of the rated value (such as 12V system reaches 11.4V), the relay is disconnected and the charging is stopped.

[0072] Cooperative power supply process of high load working condition.

[0073] Trigger condition: the vehicle load suddenly increases (such as ATS runs at full speed + insufficient idling power generation).

[0074] Action flow: Main PDCU detects current demand over limit, activates auxiliary PDCU relay. Main battery and backup battery supply power in parallel, sharing load current. After load reduction, relay is disconnected, and backup battery exits power supply.

[0075] Driver manual emergency control flow.

[0076] Trigger condition: Driver forces intervention through manual switch (e.g. main battery failure without automatic switching).

[0077] Action flow: Manual switch is powered on, bypassing automatic control logic and directly attracting the relay. Backup battery is immediately connected to the power supply, and the instrument displays "manual emergency mode enabled". The system prioritizes maintaining critical loads (e.g. ignition system, brake assist).

[0078] Fault protection and maintenance flow.

[0079] Relay failure: Fuse (150A) is blown, cutting off the fault circuit, and the instrument alerts for maintenance.

[0080] Circuit protection: Copper bus and ABS fire-resistant box design prevent short circuit and fire, and the box fixing hole facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

[0081] State feedback: Combined instrument displays main / backup battery voltage, relay status, and fault codes in real time.

[0082] Through electromagnetic switch, the automatic switching response time is ≤100ms, avoiding vehicle paralysis. Combined with voltage threshold triggering + manual redundancy, efficiency and emergency flexibility are considered to achieve intelligence. Backup battery is only charged and discharged when necessary, reducing cycle loss and optimizing life. Modular design supports quick replacement of relays or fuses, achieving low-cost maintenance.

[0083] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system, characterized in that: include: a main power distribution control unit, connected to the generator, the main battery system and the auxiliary power distribution control unit respectively; The auxiliary power distribution control unit is connected to the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system through corresponding terminals. An electromagnetic switch is provided between the terminals. The electromagnetic switch is connected to the instrument cluster, and the instrument cluster is connected to the backup battery system. When the voltage of the backup battery system obtained by the instrument cluster exceeds the set range, a signal is sent to the electromagnetic switch. The electromagnetic switch performs an action according to the received signal to close or open the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

2. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The input end of the main power distribution control unit is connected to the generator and the main battery system respectively.

3. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the main power distribution control unit is connected to the auxiliary power distribution control unit.

4. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The instrument cluster includes a voltage monitoring module and a control module. When the voltage of the backup battery system obtained by the voltage monitoring module is lower than a first set value, the control module sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch performs a circuit closing action according to the received signal.

5. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: When the voltage of the backup battery system exceeds a second set value, the control module sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch performs a circuit disconnection action according to the received signal.

6. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic switch includes a control end and a load end. The control end receives a switching signal from a manual switch and a signal from a voltage monitoring module of a combination instrument to control the load end to be closed or disconnected.

7. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The two signals received by the control end are isolated through corresponding diodes.

8. A vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The load end of the electromagnetic switch includes an input side and an output side. The input side is connected to the positive output of the main power distribution control unit, and the output side is connected to the input end of the auxiliary power distribution control unit and is connected to the backup battery system or the vehicle circuit.

9. The operating method of the vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the voltage signal of the backup battery system is obtained and exceeds a set range, the electromagnetic switch is actuated according to the obtained signal to close or open the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system; The manual switch issues a command, and the electromagnetic switch performs an action according to the command, closing or opening the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

10. A method for operating a vehicle-mounted dual low-voltage battery system according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the discharge voltage of the main battery system is lower than the set value, the electromagnetic switch is closed, connecting the circuit between the main power distribution control unit and the backup battery system.

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