A waste cigarette butt extract, a cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extract, and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a waste cigarette butt extract, a cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extract and a preparation method of the waste cigarette butt extract, and the preparation method of the waste cigarette butt extract comprises the following steps: (1) washing the waste cigarette butt with water, drying until the weight is constant, and then crushing to obtain cigarette butt powder; (2) gradient extraction treatment of the cigarette butt powder is carried out by using an ethanol aqueous solution as an extraction liquid to obtain a cigarette butt extraction liquid; and (3) adsorption and impurity removal treatment of the cigarette butt extraction liquid is carried out by using an adsorbent to obtain the waste cigarette butt extract. In the application, nicotine in the cigarette butt is converted into an oil stain emulsifier by a gradient extraction process, and tar is converted into an organic solvent component, which can be used as a core decontamination active material source. The ternary system of the waste cigarette butt extract, citric acid and plant saponin constructed in the application has a good cleaning effect due to the synergistic effect of the components, and is green and environment-friendly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization and clean chemical technology, and particularly relates to a waste cigarette butt extract, a cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extract and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] A cigarette butt is mainly composed of cellulose acetate filter, which is non-biodegradable or extremely slowly degradable. At present, the main disposal methods of waste cigarette butts are landfill and physical recycling. The traditional landfill disposal method is easy to cause the pollution of residual nicotine, tar, heavy metals and other pollutants into the soil and groundwater with rainwater, which threatens the ecology and human health. The physical recycling (such as crushing into fillers or regenerated plastic particles) has the problem of low added value, and ignores the chemical value of the bioactive components (such as nicotine, phenols, organic acids) with surface activity and antibacterial function in the cigarette butt.

[0003] Therefore, it is of urgent need and great significance to develop a technology for efficiently and economically utilizing the active chemical substances in the cigarette butt and converting them into high-value-added products, so as to solve the pollution of cigarette butt and realize resource recycling. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a waste cigarette butt extract capable of utilizing the active chemical substances in the waste cigarette butt and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a preparation method of a waste cigarette butt extract, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) cigarette butt pretreatment

[0007] The waste cigarette butt is washed with water and dried to constant weight, and then crushed to obtain cigarette butt powder;

[0008] (2) gradient extraction

[0009] The cigarette butt powder is subjected to gradient extraction treatment with an ethanol aqueous solution as an extraction liquid to obtain a cigarette butt extract;

[0010] (3) adsorption impurity removal

[0011] The cigarette butt extract is subjected to adsorption impurity removal treatment with an adsorbent to obtain a waste cigarette butt extract.

[0012] Further, the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0013] (4) evaporation concentration

[0014] The waste cigarette butt extract is subjected to evaporation concentration treatment.

[0015] Further, in step (1), the drying temperature is 60℃.

[0016] Further, in step (2), the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 75 vol%, and the specific process of the gradient extraction treatment is as follows: first, 60 DEG C constant temperature water bath reflux for 1 hour, then 70 DEG C constant temperature water bath reflux for 1 hour, and finally 80 DEG C constant temperature water bath reflux for 1 hour.

[0017] Further, in step (3), the adsorbent is activated carbon, and the specific process of the adsorption impurity removal treatment is as follows: the activated carbon is added to the cigarette butt extraction liquid, and after stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, suction filtration is performed.

[0018] Further, in step (4), the temperature of the evaporation concentration treatment is 48-52 DEG C, and the concentration is performed until the water content is less than or equal to 15%.

[0019] The application also provides a waste cigarette butt extraction liquid prepared by the above preparation method.

[0020] The application also provides a cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extraction liquid, and the cleaner comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions:

[0021] The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is 50-60;

[0022] The plant saponin is 20-30;

[0023] The citric acid is 20-30;

[0024] The D-limonene is 0.5-2;

[0025] The ethanol aqueous solution is 5-10.

[0026] Further, the plant saponin is cocoyl glucoside.

[0027] In the cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extraction liquid, the waste cigarette butt extraction liquid serves as a core decontamination active material source, the cocoyl glucoside belongs to a degradable surfactant, the citric acid is used for calcium and magnesium scale dissolution and pH adjustment, the ethanol aqueous solution is used for sterilization and quick-drying aid, and the D-limonene is used for odor neutralization and solubilization and efficiency enhancement.

[0028] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The application converts nicotine (a natural alkaloid) in the cigarette butt into an oil stain emulsifier and converts tar into an organic solvent component through a gradient extraction process, so that the nicotine and the tar can be used as a core decontamination active material source.

[0030] The "waste cigarette butt extract solution + citric acid + plant saponin (cocoyl glucoside)" ternary system constructed by the application has good cleaning effect through the synergistic effect of each component. Nicotine in the waste cigarette butt extract solution is an amphoteric alkaloid (HLB = 14), the hydrophobic end of which can insert into the oil stain layer, and the hydrophilic end can form a hydrogen bond network with the sugar group of saponin to reduce the interfacial tension. The alpha-hydroxy tricarboxylic acid structure of citric acid can chelate metal ions, and the protonated nicotine enhances its surface activity. The micelles of plant saponin can wrap the nicotine-citric acid complex to form a core-shell structure, thereby improving the oil stain penetration rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the skilled in the art more clearly understand the technical solutions described in the application, the following examples are used for illustration. It should be pointed out that the following examples do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection required by the application.

[0032] The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from conventional commercial channels or can be obtained by existing known methods; unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the examples of the application are methods mastered by those skilled in the art.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Preparation of waste cigarette butt extract concentrate

[0035] (1) Pretreatment of cigarette butt

[0036] Take 200g of waste cigarette butt, rinse it with distilled water for 3 times, then place it in a 60℃ oven to dry to constant weight, and then cut it into 1-2cm for obtaining cigarette butt powder;

[0037] (2) Gradient extraction

[0038] Add 400mL of 75vt% ethanol aqueous solution to the cigarette butt powder, first constant temperature water bath at 60℃ for 1 hour, then constant temperature water bath at 70℃ for 1 hour, and finally constant temperature water bath at 80℃ for 1 hour. After cooling, filter with filter paper to obtain cigarette butt extract solution, marked as D1;

[0039] (3) Adsorption impurity removal

[0040] Add activated carbon to the cigarette butt extract solution at a ratio of 3.0g / 100mL, stir at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then perform suction filtration to obtain waste cigarette butt extract solution, marked as D1-3;

[0041] (4) Evaporation concentration

[0042] Perform rotary evaporation treatment on the waste cigarette butt extract solution at 50℃ until the water content reaches 15% to obtain waste cigarette butt extract concentrate.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] Preparation of comparative waste cigarette butts extract concentrate

[0045] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, the only difference being that the gradient extraction of step (2) was replaced by "adding 400 mL of distilled water to the cigarette butts powder, soaking at room temperature for 3 hours, and then filtering with filter paper". The cigarette butts extract obtained in step (2) of this comparative example was denoted as A1.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] Preparation of comparative waste cigarette butts extract concentrate

[0048] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, the only difference being that the gradient extraction of step (2) was replaced by "adding 400 mL of 75 vol% ethanol aqueous solution to the cigarette butts powder, refluxing in a constant temperature water bath at 80 °C for 3 hours, and then filtering with filter paper after cooling". The cigarette butts extract obtained in step (2) of this comparative example was denoted as B1.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] Preparation of comparative waste cigarette butts extract concentrate

[0051] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, the only difference being that the gradient extraction of step (2) was replaced by "adding 400 mL of 75 vol% ethanol aqueous solution to the cigarette butts powder, first refluxing in a constant temperature water bath at 60 °C for 1.5 hours, then refluxing in a constant temperature water bath at 80 °C for 1.5 hours, and then filtering with filter paper after cooling". The cigarette butts extract obtained in step (2) of this comparative example was denoted as C1.

[0052] Comparative Example 4

[0053] Preparation of comparative waste cigarette butts extract concentrate

[0054] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, the only difference being that the amount of activated carbon added for adsorption and impurity removal in step (3) was adjusted to 0. The waste cigarette butts extract obtained in step (3) of this comparative example was denoted as D1-0.

[0055] Comparative Example 5

[0056] Preparation of comparative waste cigarette butts extract concentrate

[0057] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, the only difference being that the amount of activated carbon added for adsorption and impurity removal in step (3) was adjusted to 2.0 g / 100 mL. The waste cigarette butts extract obtained in step (3) of this comparative example was denoted as D1-2.

[0058] Comparative Example 6

[0059] Preparation of comparison waste cigarette butt extraction concentrate

[0060] This comparative example was operated according to the method of Example 1, with the only difference being that the activated carbon added in step (3) was adjusted to 4.0 g / 100 mL. The waste cigarette butt extract obtained in step (3) of this comparative example is denoted as D1-4.

[0061] Experimental Example 1

[0062] Tar extraction rate determination

[0063] Tar extraction rate determination was performed on the cigarette butt extract obtained in step (2) of Example 1 and each comparative example, using HPLC detection (mobile phase: methanol-water = 8:2, flow rate 1 mL / min, detection wavelength 254 nm), and a standard curve was drawn using a tar standard (0.1-1.0 mg / mL). The extraction rate (tar mass / cigarette dry weight x 100%) was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0064] Table 1: Comparison of tar extraction rate determination results

[0065]

[0066] Experimental Example 2

[0067] Nicotine content determination

[0068] Nicotine content determination was performed on the waste cigarette butt extract obtained in step (3) of Example 1 and each comparative example, and the results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0069] Table 2: Comparison of nicotine content

[0070]

[0071] Experimental Conclusion: The gradient extraction process (60→70→80°C for 1 hour each) of Example 1 resulted in a tar extraction rate of 27.0% (an increase of 35% compared to single temperature); the nicotine content of D1-3 group (3.0 activated carbon / 100 mL cigarette butt extract) was reduced to 8.0 mg / L, which is the critical point for safety (LD 50 >20 g / kg) and decontamination rate (>88%), meeting subsequent requirements.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Preparation of a cleaner based on waste cigarette butt extract

[0074] The waste cigarette butt extraction concentrate obtained in Example 1, coconut-based glucoside (model APG0814, purchased from Zhonglian Reagent), citric acid, ethanol aqueous solution, and D-limonene were mixed according to the mass ratio in Table 3 to prepare a cleaner based on waste cigarette butt extract.

[0075] Table 3

[0076]

[0077] Experimental Example 3

[0078] Performance determination of the cleaner based on the waste cigarette butt extract

[0079] I. Odor substance detection:

[0080] Take 10 mL of each group of cleaners, and detect the total peak area of odor substances (pyridine, indole) by GC-MS. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0081] Table 4 Comparison table of total peak area reduction ratio

[0082]

[0083] II. Cleaning effect test:

[0084] Take 5 pieces of oil-stained glass from each group, soak them in the corresponding cleaner for 5 minutes, and then wipe them with a sponge for 30 seconds (force 500g). Collect the cleaning waste liquid, and take the average value of 3 repeated experiments. The results are shown in Table 5:

[0085] Table 5 Comparison table of oil stain removal rate

[0086]

[0087] Experimental conclusion:

[0088] The odor substances in the E5 group were reduced by 82%, and the oil stain removal rate was 89.0%, which was the best comprehensive effect. The synergistic deodorizing effect of D-limonene and nicotine was significant, and the target effect was achieved at an addition amount of 2.0 mL.

[0089] III. Cleaner toxicity test experiment:

[0090] Experimental purpose: To detect the acute toxicity and skin irritation of the cleaner, verify its green environmental protection characteristics, and ensure that it is harmless to the human body and the environment.

[0091] Experimental materials and reagents: Optimal ratio cleaner (E5 group), Kunming mice (body weight 20±2g, half male and half female), New Zealand white rabbits (body weight 2.5±0.2kg), syringe (1mL), gavage needle, electronic balance (0.01g), magnifying glass, medical gauze, adhesive tape; physiological saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution).

[0092] Experimental steps:

[0093] (I) Acute oral toxicity test

[0094] Step one: 20 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 5 in each group, half male and half female, and labeled as T1 (low dose), T2 (medium dose), T3 (high dose), and T0 (blank control).

[0095] Step two: Calculate the intragastric dose of each group, T1 group is 5g / kg body weight, T2 group is 10g / kg body weight, T3 group is 20g / kg body weight, and T0 group is intragastric with equal volume of normal saline.

[0096] Step three: The mice were given a one-time intragastric dose according to the dose, and observed for 7 days after intragastric administration. The activity, diet, death and body weight changes of the mice were recorded.

[0097] The experimental data is shown in Table 6 as follows:

[0098] Table 6 Results of acute oral toxicity test

[0099]

[0100] According to the data calculation, the cleaning agent has an acute oral LD50 > 20g / kg, which belongs to the actual non-toxic level (GB15193.3-2014 standard).

[0101] (2) Skin irritation test

[0102] Step one: Take 3 white rabbits, 24 hours before the experiment, shave the back of the spine on both sides, remove the hair area of about 3cm x 3cm each, and ensure that the skin is not damaged.

[0103] Step two: The left side of the depilation area is the experimental group, and 0.5mL of E5 cleaning agent is applied, covered with gauze and fixed with tape. The right side of the depilation area is the control group, and 0.5mL of normal saline is applied, and the same treatment is applied.

[0104] Step three: After 4 hours, remove the dressing, wash the remaining liquid with warm water, and observe the skin reaction at 1h, 24h, 48h, and 72h, respectively, and score according to the skin irritation reaction scoring standard (0-4 points for erythema and edema).

[0105] The experimental data is shown in Table 7 as follows:

[0106] Table 7 Results of skin irritation test

[0107]

[0108] The results show that the cleaning agent has no irritation to the skin of rabbits (irritation score = 0). Conclusion: acute oral LD 50 > 20g / kg (actual non-toxic), skin irritation score 0, but limited to non-food contact surface use (GB 15193.3-2014).

[0109] Four, cleaning agent decontamination efficiency extended detection experiment:

[0110] Experimental purpose: to detect the best ratio of cleaning agent on a variety of common stains decontamination effect, comprehensive verification of its cleaning efficiency.

[0111] Experimental materials and reagents: the best ratio of cleaning agent (E5 group), other ratio of cleaning agent (E1-E4 group), different glass pieces contaminated with stains (5cm x 5cm), the type of stains include: kitchen oil stains (animal and plant mixed oil), soy sauce stains, ink stains (blue-black ink), 5 pieces of glass for each type of stain, consistent pollution. Distilled water, petroleum ether (analytical pure), UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

[0112] Experimental steps:

[0113] (I) kitchen oil decontamination test

[0114] Step one: each glass piece smears 0.1g kitchen oil, air dry for 2 hours.

[0115] Step two: clean with each group of cleaning agent according to the method of experiment two, collect the waste liquid, extract the oil with petroleum ether, and weigh to calculate the removal rate.

[0116] The experimental data are shown in table 8 as follows:

[0117] Table 8 kitchen oil removal rate results

[0118]

[0119] (II) soy sauce stain decontamination test

[0120] Step one: each glass piece drops 0.1mL soy sauce, air dry for 1 hour.

[0121] Step two: after cleaning with each group of cleaning agent, collect the waste liquid, measure the absorbance at 410nm (soy sauce characteristic peak) with UV spectrophotometer, and calculate the removal rate.

[0122] The experimental data are shown in table 9 as follows:

[0123] Table 9 soy sauce stain removal rate results

[0124]

[0125] (III) ink stain decontamination test

[0126] Step one: each glass piece drops 0.05mL blue-black ink, air dry for 30 minutes.

[0127] Step two: after cleaning with each group of cleaning agent, collect the waste liquid, measure the absorbance at 660nm (ink characteristic peak), and calculate the removal rate.

[0128] The experimental data is shown in Table 10 below:

[0129] Table 10 Ink stain removal rate results table

[0130]

[0131] Experimental conclusion: E5 group has excellent removal rates for kitchen oil stains (88.7%), soy sauce stains (84.2%), and ink stains (78.5%), and has the best comprehensive performance and deodorization effect (compared with E4 group: oil stain removal rate 89.5% but weaker deodorization).

[0132] In summary, the toxicity test shows that the cleaner (E5 group) belongs to the actual non-toxic level, and has no skin irritation, and the green and environmentally friendly characteristics are verified. The stain removal performance extension test shows that the cleaner has good removal effect on various common stains, and combined with the deodorization target, E5 group is the best formula.

[0133] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an extract of discarded cigarette butts, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Pre-treatment of the cigarette butts The waste cigarette butts are washed with water and dried to a constant weight, and then crushed to obtain cigarette butt powder; (2) Gradient extraction The cigarette butt powder is subjected to gradient extraction with an ethanol aqueous solution as the extraction liquid to obtain a cigarette butt extraction liquid; The concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 75 vol%, and the gradient extraction process is as follows: first, constant-temperature water bath reflux at 60℃ for 1 hour, then constant-temperature water bath reflux at 70℃ for 1 hour, and finally constant-temperature water bath reflux at 80℃ for 1 hour; (3) Adsorption and impurity removal The cigarette butt extraction liquid is subjected to adsorption and impurity removal treatment with an adsorbent to obtain a waste cigarette butt extraction liquid; The adsorbent is activated carbon, and the ratio of the activated carbon to the cigarette butt extraction liquid is 3.0 g / 100 mL.

2. The method for preparing waste cigarette butt extract as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further comprises the following step: (4) Evaporation and concentration The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is subjected to evaporation and concentration treatment.

3. The method for preparing waste cigarette butt extract as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the drying temperature is 60℃.

4. The method for preparing waste cigarette butt extract as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (3), the adsorption and impurity removal treatment process is as follows: the activated carbon is added to the cigarette butt extraction liquid, and then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes before being subjected to suction filtration.

5. The method for preparing waste cigarette butt extract as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step (4), the evaporation and concentration treatment is performed at a temperature of 48-52℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 15%.

6. A waste cigarette butt extract solution, characterized by, The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A cleaning agent based on a discarded cigarette butt extract, characterized by, The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. The cleaner based on the extract of discarded cigarette butts according to claim 7, wherein, The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette butt extraction liquid is prepared according to the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. The waste cigarette

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