Multi-station detection device for water meter production and automatic verification workstation

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-station detection device for water meter production and an automatic verification workstation, the multi-station detection device comprises a machine body mechanism, the machine body mechanism comprises a base, and the upper end of the base is fixedly connected with an end plate. Through the arrangement of the bearing end base, the water meter or a water meter shell is vertically placed during detection, the occupied space can be reduced, meanwhile, a first electric telescopic rod and a second electric telescopic rod are adopted to be matched with a vacuum water pump, detection is conducted in a water pressure mode, all positions in the water meter can be evenly pressed, the actual working environment is well simulated, and the detection efficiency is improved. By arranging a first electric telescopic rod and a second electric telescopic rod and adopting two-section type extrusion, it can be guaranteed that water pressure in each second detection pipe can be the same so as to guarantee the detection precision, meanwhile, a water body extrusion mode is adopted, the moving stroke of a sealing assembly can be reduced, and the sealing performance of the water meter can be improved. Therefore, abrasion is reduced, and service life is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water meter production, in particular to a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production. Background Art

[0002] A water meter is an instrument that measures water flow, most often cumulative flow. It's generally classified into two types: volumetric and velocity meters. During production, the meter housing must be inspected for leaks and pressure resistance. The leak test is performed using a hydraulic seal tester, while the pressure resistance test is performed using a pressure tester.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN116878621B discloses a pressure resistance detection device for water meter production, which includes a base and two slide rails. The bottom end of the slide rail is fixedly connected to the top end of the base, and an upper pressure mechanism is provided between the two slide rails. The upper pressure mechanism includes a movable beam, and both ends of the movable beam are fixedly connected to U-shaped rails. The U-shaped rails are slidably connected to the slide rails, and a pneumatic pressure component is provided at the bottom end of the movable beam.

[0004] In the prior art, the pressure resistance test of the water meter is performed by extrusion, which can only test the strength of the water meter shell. Moreover, since the water meter shell is curved and not flat, the pressure resistance test of the water meter shell is performed by multi-point extrusion. A large number of contact points need to be set, and only the contact points on the surface of the water meter can be squeezed, resulting in uneven force on the surface of the water meter. The accuracy of the pressure resistance test of the water meter is poor, and only a single water meter can be tested in this way, and the detection efficiency of the water meter is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production, so as to solve the problem that the pressure resistance test of the water meter is performed by extrusion proposed in the above background technology, which can only detect the strength of the water meter shell. Moreover, since the water meter shell is curved and not flat, the pressure resistance test of the water meter shell is performed by multi-point extrusion. A large number of contact points need to be set, and only the contact points on the surface of the water meter can be squeezed, resulting in uneven force on the surface of the water meter, poor accuracy of the pressure resistance test of the water meter, and only a single water meter can be tested, resulting in low detection efficiency of the water meter.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production, including a body mechanism, the body mechanism including a base, the upper end of the base is fixedly connected to an end plate, the upper end of the end plate is fixedly connected to a side guard plate, the number of the side guard plates is two, a detection mechanism is arranged between the two side guard plates, the detection mechanism includes a load-bearing end seat, both sides of the middle of the lower end of the load-bearing end seat are fixedly connected to a No. 2 electric telescopic rod, the No. 2 electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the end plate, both sides of the middle of the upper end of the load-bearing end seat are provided with a top through hole, the upper end of the load-bearing end seat and above the top through hole are fixedly connected to a No. 1 electric telescopic rod, the load-bearing end seat The lower end is fixedly connected with a guide arc plate at the edge of the top through hole, and the interior of the guide arc plate is slidably connected with a No. 2 detection tube, the upper end of the end plate is fixedly connected with a No. 1 detection tube, the outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube is fixedly connected with a No. 3 connection port and a No. 4 connection port, and a water pressure sensor is installed inside the No. 4 connection port, the upper end of the end plate is fixedly connected with a No. 1 transfer box, the upper end of the No. 1 transfer box is fixedly connected with a No. 1 connection port, the No. 1 connection port and the No. 3 connection port are directly fixedly connected with a No. 2 pipeline, the upper end of the No. 1 transfer box is fixedly connected with the No. 2 connection port, the upper end of the No. 2 connection port is fixedly connected with a No. 1 solenoid valve, and the lower end of the No. 1 transfer box is fixedly connected with the No. 2 solenoid valve, A water tank is installed inside the seat, and the upper and lower parts of the middle of one side of the water tank are fixedly connected with a No. 5 connection port and a No. 6 connection port respectively. The No. 5 connection port is fixedly connected to the No. 2 solenoid valve through a pipe. The No. 2 transfer box is installed inside the base, and the lower end of the No. 1 detection tube is fixedly connected to the No. 1 pipe, and the other end of the No. 1 pipe is fixedly connected to the No. 2 transfer box. One end of the No. 2 transfer box is fixedly connected with an output port, and one end of the output port is installed with a No. 3 solenoid valve. The No. 3 solenoid valve and the No. 6 connection port are fixedly connected to a vacuum water pump through a set pipe. The output end of the No. 1 electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a sealing component, and the sealing component is located inside the No. 2 detection tube. The No. 2 solenoid valve can be adjusted according to the It can be installed on the No. 1 transfer box or in the middle of the No. 2 pipe as required. When the No. 2 solenoid valve is installed below the No. 1 transfer box, if a water meter is damaged, it will affect the water pressure of other water meters being tested. When it is installed in the middle of the No. 2 pipe, the detection of each water meter is independent. When the water pressure in a water meter changes, it will not affect other water meters. The No. 3 solenoid valve can be installed in the middle of the No. 1 pipe or between the output port and the vacuum water pump as required. When the No. 3 solenoid valve is installed between the output port and the vacuum water pump, multiple workstations are connected and discharged synchronously. When the No. 3 solenoid valve is installed in the middle of the No. 1 pipe, the water supply and discharge of different workstations are carried out separately or synchronously according to the opening and closing of multiple No. 3 solenoid valves.

[0007] Preferably, the interiors of the No. 1 and No. 2 detection tubes are fixedly connected with inner support rings, the interiors of the No. 1 and No. 2 detection tubes are slidably connected with conical centering pieces, and a spring is provided between the conical centering piece and the inner support ring.

[0008] Preferably, assembly slots are provided on both sides of the middle portion of both sides of the bearing end seat, and both ends of the side guard plate are fixedly connected with inner guide rods, and the inner guide rods are slidably connected to the assembly slots.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the conical centering piece is fixedly connected to a matching ring, one end of the matching ring is provided with a matching notch, one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the matching notch, and a central through groove is provided through the middle of the conical centering piece.

[0010] Preferably, the ends of the No. 1 detection tube and the No. 2 detection tube are fixedly connected to contact plates, the ends of the contact plates are fixedly connected to sealing rings, the upper ends of the contact plates are penetrated by a reinforcement through hole, the outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube is fixedly connected to a directional protrusion, the directional protrusion is slidably connected to the guide arc plate, and the upper end of the water tank is provided with an end through groove.

[0011] Preferably, an end groove is provided at the upper end of the No. 2 detection tube, and an embedded groove is provided at both ends of the side guard plate. A transparent observation door is installed inside the embedded groove, and one end of the transparent observation door is rotatably connected to one of the side guard plates through a set hinge, and a handle is fixedly connected to one side of the transparent observation door.

[0012] Preferably, a protective door is installed on one side of the base, an inner groove handle is provided on one side of the protective door, and a control component is fixedly connected to one side of the middle part of the upper end of the end plate.

[0013] An automatic calibration workstation for a multi-station detection device used in water meter production comprises a perception layer, a signal processing layer, a core control layer and a data application layer. The perception layer comprises an image acquisition module and a signal acquisition module. The signal processing layer comprises a contour extraction module, a coordinate conversion module, a filtering and noise reduction module and a temperature drift compensation module. The core control layer comprises a robotic arm control module, a path planning module, a safety monitoring module, a timing coordination module, an edge diagnosis module, a data buffer module and an anti-interference protection module. The data application layer comprises a data storage module and a report generation module.

[0014] Preferably, the image acquisition module is used to collect the original signal of the water pressure sensor, convert the current signal output by the sensor into a processable voltage signal through a signal conversion circuit, and perform preliminary amplification;

[0015] The signal acquisition module is used to capture images of the water meter or the water meter housing during loading and unloading under a trigger signal using an industrial camera in conjunction with a dedicated light source;

[0016] The contour extraction module is used to identify the contour and features of the water surface in the captured image using an edge detection and morphological processing algorithm based on OpenCV;

[0017] The coordinate conversion module is used to convert the image pixel coordinates into world coordinates recognizable by the robotic arm based on the spatial coordinate mapping of the camera calibration parameters to achieve precise positioning;

[0018] The filtering and noise reduction module is used to combine hardware filtering and software algorithms to suppress high-frequency noise and random interference, eliminate noise in the signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0019] The temperature drift compensation module is used to collect the ambient temperature through the temperature sensor, and compensate the signal in combination with the calibration curve to eliminate the sensor signal drift caused by temperature changes and ensure measurement accuracy.

[0020] Preferably, the robotic arm control module is used for real-time instruction transmission and servo control based on Profinet, receiving positioning coordinates, and controlling the robotic arm to complete the water meter grabbing and placing actions;

[0021] The path planning module is used to plan the movement path of the robot arm to avoid collision with equipment and workstations;

[0022] The safety monitoring module is used to combine sensors and logical judgment to trigger safety protection actions, monitor the operating status of equipment and personnel safety, and prevent risks such as collisions and misoperation;

[0023] The timing coordination module is used to control the timing of each workstation action based on the FPGA time slice rotation and priority mechanism, coordinate the water filling, pressurization, pressure maintenance and other actions of multiple workstations, and avoid resource conflicts;

[0024] The edge diagnosis module is used to perform local reasoning and trigger processing based on a machine learning model with pressure curve characteristics, identifying anomalies such as leaks and sensor failures in real time at the workstation and responding quickly.

[0025] The data buffer module is used for hierarchical storage and dynamic scheduling mechanism based on the ring buffer, temporarily storing high-frequency collected data, and scheduling upload according to priority to avoid network congestion;

[0026] The anti-interference protection module is used to suppress electromagnetic interference in industrial environments and ensure signal and communication stability;

[0027] The data storage module is used to adopt a hierarchical storage architecture combining local cache and remote database to store detection data, positioning data and abnormality records, and support retrospective query;

[0028] The report generation module is used to automatically generate reports based on SQL queries and Excel templates, automatically compile statistics on test data, generate daily / monthly reports, and assist in production decision-making.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. In the present invention, by setting the bearing end seat, the water meter or the water meter casing is placed vertically during detection, which can reduce space occupancy. At the same time, the No. 1 electric telescopic rod and the No. 2 electric telescopic rod are used, and a vacuum water pump is used to perform detection by water pressure. In this way, the pressure inside the water meter can be uniform, which better simulates the actual working environment and can detect the sealing of the water meter after installation. The detection accuracy is high. Because this method occupies less space, it can be tested in a multi-station manner, and multiple water meters or water meter casings can be tested at one time, which greatly improves the detection efficiency of the water meter. By setting the No. 1 electric telescopic rod and the No. 2 electric telescopic rod and adopting two-stage extrusion, it can be ensured that the water pressure in each No. 2 detection tube can be the same to ensure detection accuracy. At the same time, the water body is squeezed to reduce the moving stroke of the sealing component, thereby reducing wear and ensuring service life.

[0031] 2. In the present invention, by setting the conical centering piece and the spring and adopting the conical surface extrusion method, the position of the water meter can be adjusted to ensure that the central axis of the input end and the output end of the water meter coincides with the central axis of the No. 2 detection tube and the No. 2 detection tube, which facilitates the positioning and installation of the water meter. The sheet design of the central groove and the conical centering piece ensures the circulation of water and gas while reducing the friction at the connection with the water meter, so as to facilitate the rotation adjustment of the water meter and make it easy to use.

[0032] 3. In the present invention, the setting of the contact disk is used to increase the bearing area, ensure the bearing area during connection, and ensure the stability of the water meter. The setting of the sealing ring is used to ensure the sealing with the input and output ends of the water meter after extrusion, and the sealing effect is proportional to the extrusion force. The setting of the contact disk can be used to connect the connecting flange of the water meter with the reinforced through hole as needed, which can further ensure the stability of the connection. The setting of the end groove is used to ensure the flow of airflow at the upper end of the sealing component to avoid affecting the movement of the sealing component. The setting of the directional protrusion, in conjunction with the guide arc plate, can limit the position of the No. 2 detection tube and avoid the rotation of the No. 2 detection tube, further ensuring the stability of the water meter during the extrusion process. The setting of the end through groove can be used to replenish water in the water tank and enable the airflow to flow to facilitate the entry and outflow of water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a top view of a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This invention is a multi-station detection device and automatic calibration workstation for water meter production Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of area A in the middle;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the bearing end seat and the No. 1 detection tube in a multi-station detection device for water meter production and an automatic calibration workstation according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-station detection device for water meter production and a bearing end seat in an automatic calibration workstation according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the No. 1 electric telescopic rod and the No. 2 detection tube in a multi-station detection device and an automatic calibration workstation for water meter production according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This invention is a multi-station detection device and automatic calibration workstation for water meter production Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle B area;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-station detection device for water meter production and a water tank in an automatic calibration workstation according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a flow chart of water meter pressure resistance testing for a multi-station testing device and an automatic testing workstation for water meter production according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a system diagram of a multi-station detection device and automatic calibration workstation for water meter production according to the present invention.

[0044] In the picture:

[0045] 1. Body structure; 11. Base; 12. Protective door; 13. Inner groove handle; 14. End plate; 15. Control assembly; 16. Side guard plate; 17. Transparent observation door; 18. Handle;

[0046] 2. Detection mechanism; 21. Load-bearing end seat; 22. No. 1 electric telescopic rod; 23. Inner guide rod; 24. Inset groove; 25. No. 1 detection tube; 26. No. 2 detection tube; 27. Water pressure sensor; 28. No. 2 electric telescopic rod; 29. ​​No. 1 transfer box; 210. No. 1 solenoid valve; 211. No. 1 pipeline; 212. No. 2 transfer box; 213. Output port; 214. Water tank; 215. Assembly notch; 216. No. 2 solenoid valve; 217. No. 2 pipeline; 218. No. 1 connection port; 21 9. Connector No. 2; 220. Guide arc plate; 221. Conical centering piece; 222. Sealing ring; 223. Contact plate; 224. Top through hole; 225. Inner support ring; 226. Connector No. 3; 227. Connector No. 4; 228. Directional protrusion; 229. End groove; 230. Sealing assembly; 231. Spring; 232. Mating ring; 233. Mating notch; 234. Middle through groove; 235. End through groove; 236. Connector No. 5; 237. Connector No. 6; 238. Reinforcement through hole;

[0047] 3. Perception layer; 31. Image acquisition module; 32. Signal acquisition module;

[0048] 4. Signal processing layer; 41. Contour extraction module; 42. Coordinate conversion module; 43. Filtering and noise reduction module; 44. Temperature drift compensation module;

[0049] 5. Core control layer; 51. Robotic arm control module; 52. Path planning module; 53. Safety monitoring module; 54. Timing coordination module; 55. Edge diagnosis module; 56. Data buffer module; 57. Anti-interference protection module;

[0050] 6. Data application layer; 61. Data storage module; 62. Report generation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1: Reference Figures 1-10As shown: A multi-station detection device and automatic calibration workstation for water meter production, including a body mechanism 1, the body mechanism 1 includes a base 11, the upper end of the base 11 is fixedly connected to an end plate 14, the upper end of the end plate 14 is fixedly connected to a side guard plate 16, the number of side guard plates 16 is two, and a detection mechanism 2 is arranged between the two side guard plates 16, the detection mechanism 2 includes a load-bearing end seat 21, the middle of the lower end of the load-bearing end seat 21 is fixedly connected to a No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28 on both sides, the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28 is fixedly connected to the end plate 14, and a top through hole 224 is opened on both sides of the middle of the upper end of the load-bearing end seat 21, and the upper end of the load-bearing end seat 21 and above the top through hole 224 are fixedly connected to the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22, and the lower end of the load-bearing end seat 21 and above the top through hole 22 4 is fixedly connected with a guide arc plate 220, and the interior of the guide arc plate 220 is slidably connected with the second detection tube 26. The upper end of the end plate 14 is fixedly connected with the No. 1 detection tube 25. The outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube 26 is fixedly connected with the No. 3 connection port 226 and the No. 4 connection port 227. The interior of the No. 4 connection port 227 is equipped with a water pressure sensor 27. The upper end of the end plate 14 is fixedly connected with the No. 1 transfer box 29. The upper end of the No. 1 transfer box 29 is fixedly connected with the No. 1 connection port 218. The No. 1 connection port 218 and the No. 3 connection port 226 are directly fixedly connected with the No. 2 pipe 217. The upper end of the No. 1 transfer box 29 is fixedly connected with the No. 2 connection port 219. The upper end of the No. 2 connection port 219 is fixedly connected with the No. 1 solenoid valve 210. The No. 1 transfer box 29 The lower end is fixedly connected with a No. 2 solenoid valve 216, a water tank 214 is installed inside the base 11, and the upper and lower parts of the middle of one side of the water tank 214 are fixedly connected with a No. 5 connection port 236 and a No. 6 connection port 237 respectively. The No. 5 connection port 236 and the No. 2 solenoid valve 216 are fixedly connected through a pipe, and a No. 2 transfer box 212 is installed inside the base 11. The lower end of the No. 1 detection tube 25 is fixedly connected with a No. 1 pipe 211, and the other end of the No. 1 pipe 211 is fixedly connected with the No. 2 transfer box 212. One end of the No. 2 transfer box 212 is fixedly connected with an output port 213, and one end of the output port 213 is installed with a No. 3 solenoid valve. The No. 3 solenoid valve and the No. 6 connection port 237 are fixedly connected to the vacuum water pump through a set pipe. The output of the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 The outlet end is fixedly connected with a sealing component 230, which is located inside the No. 2 detection tube 26. The No. 2 solenoid valve 216 can be installed on the No. 1 transfer box 29 or in the middle of the No. 2 pipe 217 according to needs. When the No. 2 solenoid valve 216 is installed below the No. 1 transfer box 29, all water meters or water meter casings are synchronously detected. Water meters or water meter casings need to be placed on all workstations. It is suitable for the detection of large quantities of water meters or water meter casings. When the water pressure changes, it is necessary to check whether the water meters and water meter casings in this batch are damaged one by one. The water meters at the workstation where the water pressure changes first can be checked. When installed in the middle of the No. 2 pipe 217, the detection of each water meter is independent. When the pressure of the water pressure sensor 27 changes,If the water meter or water meter casing at this station is damaged, it is suitable for testing different numbers of water meters and water meter casings, and can also be used to test a single water meter or water meter casing. The No. 3 solenoid valve can be installed in the middle section of the No. 1 pipe 211 or between the output port 213 and the vacuum water pump according to needs. When the No. 3 solenoid valve is installed between the output port 213 and the vacuum water pump, multiple stations can be connected and disconnected simultaneously. When the No. 3 solenoid valve is installed in the middle section of the No. 1 pipe 211, the opening and closing of multiple No. 3 solenoid valves can be used to connect and disconnect water at different stations individually or simultaneously.

[0053] In the present invention, by setting the bearing end seat 21, during testing, by contracting the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28, the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26 squeeze and limit the water meter or the water meter shell, and seal it by squeezing, so that the water meter or the water meter shell are both placed vertically, which can reduce space occupancy. By controlling the contraction of the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28, the No. 2 detection tube 26 moves toward the No. 1 detection tube 25, squeezing and sealing the water meter or the water meter shell. By controlling the extension of the movable rod in the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22, the sealing component 230 moves downward to increase the pressure in the water meter or the water meter shell. In conjunction with the vacuum water pump, the gas in the water meter or the water meter shell is extracted and moisture is allowed to enter. The water meter or the water meter shell is injected with water and sealed and pressurized to increase the internal pressure for testing. In this way, the pressure inside the water meter can be uniform, which can better simulate the actual working environment, so that the pressure resistance test effect of the water meter shell is better. The detection accuracy is high, and the maximum bearing force of the water meter shell can be detected by gradually increasing the water pressure. At the same time, the design can also detect the sealing of the water meter after installation. The detection range is wide and the detection accuracy is high. Because this method occupies a small area, it can be detected in a multi-station manner, and multiple water meters or water meter shells can be detected at a time, which greatly improves the detection efficiency of the water meter. Through the setting of the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 and the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28, a two-stage extrusion is adopted. The extension lengths of multiple No. 1 electric telescopic rods 22 can be controlled individually, which can ensure that the water pressure in each No. 2 detection tube 26 can be the same to ensure the detection accuracy. At the same time, the water body is squeezed. Because the compression of the water body is relatively low and the compressibility is poor, the moving stroke of the sealing component 230 can be reduced, thereby reducing wear and ensuring service life. Through the setting of the guide arc plate 220, the guiding effect of the No. 2 detection tube 26 can be increased to ensure the stability of the use of the No. 2 detection tube 26.

[0054] Example 2: Figures 1-8As shown, the interior of the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26 are fixedly connected with an inner support ring 225, and the interior of the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26 are slidably connected with a conical centering piece 221, and a spring 231 is provided between the conical centering piece 221 and the inner support ring 225. The middle of both sides of the bearing end seat 21 is provided with an assembly groove 215, and both ends of the side guard plate 16 are fixedly connected with an inner guide rod 23, and the inner guide rod 23 slides with the assembly groove 215. Connection, one end of the conical centering piece 221 is fixedly connected to a matching ring 232, one end of the matching ring 232 is provided with a matching notch 233, one end of the spring 231 is fixedly connected to the matching notch 233, and a central through groove 234 is provided through the middle of the conical centering piece 221. The conical centering piece 221 is a multi-piece design, and the edge is semicircular, which can reduce the contact area with the water meter input and output ports, making the rotation and centering of the water meter easier and more convenient to use.

[0055] In the present invention, when installing the water meter, the water meter or the water meter housing is placed vertically and placed between the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26. By contracting the movable rod in the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28, the two conical centering members 221 can be respectively inserted into the input end and the output end of the water meter or the water meter housing. By coordinating the elastic force of the spring 231 and controlling the two-stage downward pressure of the No. 2 electric telescopic rod, the position of the water meter or the water meter housing can be adjusted by extruding the conical surface, so that the central axis of the input end and the output end of the water meter coincides with the central axis of the No. 2 detection tube 26 and the No. 2 detection tube 26, so as to facilitate the positioning and installation of the water meter (such as Figure 10 As shown), the sheet design of the middle groove 234 and the conical centering piece 221 can facilitate the flow of water and gas. The semicircular design of the end of the conical centering piece 221 can reduce the friction at the connection with the water meter, so as to facilitate the rotation adjustment of the water meter and easy use.

[0056] Example 3: According to Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, the ends of the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26 are fixedly connected to the contact plate 223, the end of the contact plate 223 is fixedly connected to the sealing ring 222, the upper end of the contact plate 223 is penetrated by a reinforcement through hole 238, the outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube 26 is fixedly connected to a directional protrusion 228, the directional protrusion 228 is slidably connected to the guide arc plate 220, the upper end of the water tank 214 is provided with an end through groove 235, the upper end of the No. 2 detection tube 26 is provided with an end groove 229, both ends of the side guard plate 16 are provided with an embedded groove 24, the interior of the embedded groove 24 is installed with a transparent observation door 17, one end of the transparent observation door 17 is connected to the inner groove 24, and the inner groove 24 is provided with a transparent observation door 17. A side guard plate 16 is rotatably connected by a set hinge, and a handle 18 is fixedly connected to one side of the transparent observation door 17. A locking structure, such as a lock, is set between the transparent observation door 17 and the other side guard plate 16. A protective door 12 is installed on one side of the base 11, and an inner groove handle 13 is provided on one side of the protective door 12. A control component 15 is fixedly connected to the middle side of the upper end of the end plate 14. The control component 15 is used to control each component and adjust the parameters. The transparent observation door 17 can adopt an electrically controlled opening and closing component, such as an electric telescopic rod to control the opening and closing. The electrically controlled opening and closing component is installed between the transparent observation door and the side guard plate 16.

[0057] In the present invention, the contact disc 223 is provided to increase the bearing area. When the water meter housing is installed with the water meter, it contacts the flange to ensure the bearing area during connection, so as to ensure the stability of the water meter or the water meter housing during detection. The sealing ring 222 is provided to ensure the sealing performance with the input and output ends of the water meter or the water meter housing after extrusion, and the sealing effect is proportional to the extrusion force. The contact disc 223 can be provided to connect the connecting flange of the water meter with the reinforced through hole 238 as required, which can further ensure the connection stability. The setting of the end groove 229 is used to ensure the flow of airflow at the upper end of the sealing component 230 to avoid affecting the movement of the sealing component 230. Through the setting of the directional protrusion 228 and the guidance arc plate 220, the position of the No. 2 detection tube 26 can be restricted, and the rotation of the No. 2 detection tube 26 can be avoided, further ensuring the stability of the water meter during the extrusion process. Through the setting of the end through groove 235, it can be used to replenish water in the water tank 214, and at the same time, it can enable airflow to flow, so as to facilitate the entry and outflow of water, and avoid the occurrence of negative pressure and high pressure.

[0058] Example 4: According to Figure 11As shown, an automatic calibration workstation for a multi-station detection device for water meter production includes a perception layer 3, a signal processing layer 4, a core control layer 5, and a data application layer 6. The perception layer 3 includes an image acquisition module 31 and a signal acquisition module 32. The signal processing layer 4 includes a contour extraction module 41, a coordinate conversion module 42, a filtering and noise reduction module 43, and a temperature drift compensation module 44. The core control layer 5 includes a robotic arm control module 51, a path planning module 52, a safety monitoring module 53, a timing coordination module 54, an edge diagnosis module 55, a data buffer module 56, and an anti-interference protection module 57. The data application layer 6 includes a data storage module 61 and a report generation module 62.

[0059] The image acquisition module 31 is used to collect the original signal of the water pressure sensor 27, convert the current signal output by the sensor into a processable voltage signal through the signal conversion circuit, and perform preliminary amplification. The water pressure sensor adopts a diffused silicon type and is connected in series with a 250Ω precision sampling resistor to convert the current signal into a 1-5V voltage signal.

[0060] The signal acquisition module 32 is used to capture images of the water meter or water meter housing during loading and unloading through an industrial camera and a dedicated light source under a trigger signal. The hardware uses a Basler ac A2500-14uc camera with a 12mm focal length lens. The light source uses a 45° annular shadowless light source to eliminate reflections on the water meter surface. The trigger mechanism is as follows: during loading, the photoelectric sensor detects the water meter and sends a 24V trigger signal. The camera completes the capture within 10ms. The image format is BMP and is transmitted to the vision controller via USB3.0.

[0061] The contour extraction module 41 is used to identify the contours and features of the water meter in the captured image using the edge detection and morphological processing algorithm based on OpenCV. The pre-processing uses Gaussian filtering for denoising and the CLAHE algorithm for contrast enhancement. The edge detection uses the Canny operator to extract the contour, and the water meter contour is retained through area screening. The positioning hole identification uses Hough circle detection to identify the two positioning holes at the inlet and outlet of the water meter, and the center coordinates of the circles are marked as (x1, y1) and (x2, y2); the contour center point ((x1+x2) / 2, (y1+y2) / 2) and the attitude angle are output.

[0062] The coordinate conversion module 42 is used for spatial coordinate mapping based on the camera calibration parameters, converting the image pixel coordinates into world coordinates that can be recognized by the robot arm to achieve precise positioning. The camera calibration uses a 10mm×10mm checkerboard. The Zhang Zhengyou calibration method is used to obtain the intrinsic parameter matrix K and extrinsic parameters, the rotation matrix R, and the translation vector T. The formula is: where f x 、f y is the x / y axis focal length, c x 、c y For the principal point coordinates, the conversion formula is: Among them, (u, v) is the pixel coordinate, (X, Y, Z) is the world coordinate, and Z is the water table height, a fixed value measured by a laser rangefinder.

[0063] The filtering and noise reduction module 43 is used to combine hardware filtering with software algorithms to suppress high-frequency noise and random interference, eliminate noise in the signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The hardware uses a second-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out high-frequency electromagnetic interference above 100 Hz. The software runs an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm. The iterative formula is:

[0064]

[0065] in: is the filtered value at time k, A is the state transfer matrix (set to 1 here), B is the control matrix (set to 0 here), u k is the control quantity (0 when there is no control), K k is the Kalman gain (dynamically adjusted, increases when the noise is large), z k is the original sampling value at time k, and H is the observation matrix (set to 1 here).

[0066] The temperature drift compensation module 44 is used to collect the ambient temperature through the temperature sensor, and compensate the signal in combination with the calibration curve to eliminate the sensor signal drift caused by temperature changes and ensure measurement accuracy. The hardware uses a PT1000 temperature sensor to collect the working temperature T of the signal conditioning module;

[0067] The "temperature-voltage drift" curve is pre-calibrated through experiments: in the range of 0-60℃, each 1℃ corresponds to a voltage drift of ΔV T , such as T = 25° ΔV T =0, T = 30° ΔV T =0.002V;

[0068] Compensation formula:

[0069] V comp =V raw -ΔV T ;

[0070] Where V raw is the original voltage after filtering, V comp is the voltage after compensation.

[0071] The robotic arm control module 51 is used for real-time command transmission and servo control based on Profinet, receives positioning coordinates, and controls the robotic arm to complete the grabbing and placement of water meters. The robotic arm uses a 6-axis industrial robotic arm equipped with an EtherCAT servo drive.

[0072] Control instructions: The vision controller sends the target coordinates (X, Y, Z) and posture angle θ via Profinet, and the robotic arm controller parses them to generate joint angle instructions.

[0073] Motion parameters: Grasping speed 50mm / s, slowing down to 20mm / s when placing;

[0074] Feedback mechanism: After the robot arm completes the action, it will feedback the "completed" status through the IO signal.

[0075] The path planning module 52 adopts the * Perform obstacle avoidance path search and plan the robot arm's movement path to avoid collisions with equipment and workstations;

[0076] Environmental modeling: preset obstacle coordinates and create a 2D grid map;

[0077] Path optimization: Cubic spline interpolation is performed on the planned path to make the robot arm move smoothly; dynamic obstacle avoidance: If the sensor detects a temporary obstacle, the path is replanned in real time.

[0078] The safety monitoring module 53 is used to combine sensors and logical judgments to trigger safety protection actions, monitor the operating status of equipment and personnel safety, and prevent risks such as collisions and misoperations. The hardware uses visual area safety gratings and robotic arm overload sensors. If the safety grating is blocked, the robotic arm will be triggered to stop immediately; if the robotic arm is overloaded, the current action will be stopped and an alarm will be issued. The alarm method uses sound and light alarms, and the alarm cause is displayed on the HMI.

[0079] The timing coordination module 54 is used to control the timing of each workstation action based on the FPGA time slice rotation and priority mechanism, coordinate the water filling, pressurization, and pressure holding actions of multiple workstations, and avoid resource conflicts. The hardware adopts Xilinx Spartan-7 FPGA, supports 6-channel workstation signal input / output, and has a response time of ≤10ns;

[0080] Time slice allocation: allocate independent time slices to each workstation and manage switching through FPGA timer;

[0081] Priority rule: pressure maintaining station (P1) > water filling station (P2) > waiting for water filling station (P3) > pressure relief station (P4). In case of conflict, dispatch according to priority.

[0082] Communicate with the main controller via Profinet to synchronize workstation status in real time.

[0083] The edge diagnosis module 55 is used for local inference and triggering of machine learning models based on pressure curve characteristics, identifying anomalies such as leaks and sensor failures in real time at the workstation and responding quickly. The hardware uses a Raspberry Pi 4B to collect the pressure curve during the pressure holding phase in real time.

[0084] Extract characteristic parameters: pressure peak P max , the pressure drop rate v and the fluctuation frequency f are calculated by Fourier transform, where v = ΔP / Δt, ΔP is the pressure change in 1 second, Δt = 1s;

[0085] Deploy a random forest classification model (100 decision trees) with 6 types of anomalies in the training data.

[0086] After the abnormality is triggered: ① the solenoid valve is controlled to close; ② the local red light flashes to alarm; ③ the abnormality type is uploaded to the main controller.

[0087] The data buffer module 56 is used for hierarchical storage and dynamic scheduling mechanism based on the ring buffer, temporarily storing high-frequency collected data, scheduling upload according to priority, and avoiding network congestion. The hardware uses a 1GB DDR4 ring buffer to store data according to the "first in first out" principle;

[0088] Data classification: P0 (abnormal data, such as sudden pressure drop), P1 (pressure-maintaining stable data), P2 (idle data);

[0089] Scheduling strategy: P0 level real-time upload (delay ≤ 10ms); P1 level batch upload every 5 seconds after run-length encoding (RLE) compression (compression ratio ≥ 10:1); P2 level local storage only;

[0090] When the buffer occupancy rate is greater than 80%, P1-level data forced upload is automatically triggered to avoid overflow.

[0091] The anti-interference protection module 57 is used to suppress electromagnetic interference in industrial environments and ensure signal and communication stability. The sensor cable adopts double shielding and single-end grounding to reduce electromagnetic coupling;

[0092] The communication interface integrates ADUM1400 isolation chip to block ground potential difference interference;

[0093] A surge protector (SPD-48V) is connected in series at the power supply end to absorb 1.2 / 50μs surge pulses;

[0094] The overall grounding grid of the equipment adopts 6mm 2 Copper cable connection, grounding resistance ≤ 1Ω, forming an equipotential body.

[0095] The data storage module 61 is used to adopt a hierarchical storage architecture combining local cache and remote database to store detection data, positioning data and abnormality records, and support retrospective query;

[0096] Local storage: Each workstation has 8GB eMMC flash memory, which can store the inspection data of the past 7 days;

[0097] Remote storage: MySQL database (deployed on an industrial server), which receives uploaded data through the JDBC interface. The table structure includes: id (primary key), meter_id (water meter number), detect_time (detection time), pressure_data (pressure curve JSON), and position (positioning coordinates);

[0098] Storage policy: Local data is automatically synchronized to the remote end at 3:00 am every day, and local data is automatically overwritten after being retained for 7 days;

[0099] Data throughput: supports 6-station parallel writing, and the writing time of a single record is ≤10ms.

[0100] The report generation module 62 is used to automatically generate reports based on SQL queries and Excel templates, automatically collect statistics on test data, generate daily / monthly reports, and assist in production decision-making;

[0101] Data statistics: Calculate the total number of tests per day / month, pass rate, and abnormality type distribution through SQL queries;

[0102] Report template: preset Excel template, including header, data area, and chart;

[0103] Generation logic: Report generation is automatically triggered at 8:00 every day, and the POI library is called to write statistical data into the template and save it as an .xlsx file;

[0104] Push method: Supports automatic email sending (via SMTP protocol) to the administrator's mailbox, or manual downloading on the HMI interface.

[0105] The method of use and working principle of this device are as follows: first, seal the other holes of the water meter shell that needs to be tested except the output end and the input end, place the water meter or the water meter shell in the placement mold, place the mold on the robot, open the transparent observation door 17, and use the robot arm to place the installed water meter or the sealed water meter shell between the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 26, control the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28 to shrink, so that the two conical centering pieces 221 are close to each other, and inserted into the input end and the output end of the water meter, and the input end and the output end of the water meter are squeezed and restricted, and then the robot moves the water meter to rotate the water meter. By utilizing the conical setting of the conical centering piece 221 and the semicircular setting of the end face of the sheet, the axis of the water meter can be aligned with the No. 1 detection tube 25 and the No. 2 detection tube 2 6, further ensuring the position of the water meter during the pressure resistance test. After the axis of all water meters or water meter housings coincides with the axis of the No. 2 detection tube 26 at the installation location, the transparent observation door 17 is closed and blocked, and the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28 is controlled to continue to shrink until the input and output ends of the water meter are squeezed and reinforced and sealed by the sealing ring 222. During this process, the directional protrusion 228 slides with the guide arc plate 220 to guide the No. 2 detection tube 26, and the upper end of the No. 2 detection tube 26 fits with the lower end of the bearing end seat 21, the No. 1 solenoid valve 210 and the No. 2 solenoid valve 216 are closed, the No. 3 solenoid valve is opened, the vacuum water pump is started, and the air in the No. 1 detection tube 25 is extracted to form a negative pressure therein, and then the No. 3 solenoid valve is closed. , then open the No. 2 solenoid valve 216, so that the water flow in the water tank 214 is sucked into the No. 1 transfer box 29 through the pipe, and enters the No. 2 detection tube 26 through the No. 2 pipe 217. After the water fills the entire pipe, the No. 2 solenoid valve 216 is closed, and the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 is started, so that the movable rod in the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 is slowly extended, and the sealing component 230 moves downward to squeeze the water in the No. 2 detection tube 26. The pressure is detected by the water pressure sensor 27. When the detection pressure value is reached, the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 is stopped and a pressure holding test is performed. The water pressure is monitored in real time by the water pressure sensor 27. When the water pressure sensor 27 detects a decrease in water pressure, it means that a leak has occurred, that is, the sealing of the water meter or the pressure resistance of the water meter shell is unqualified. When 27 detects that the water pressure is reduced, the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 is controlled to retract to prevent a large amount of water from flowing out. After the detection is completed, the No. 3 solenoid valve is opened, and the vacuum water pump is turned on to extract the water inside the No. 1 detection tube 25 and inject it into the water tank 214. The No. 1 solenoid valve 210 is opened to allow air to enter until the water in the No. 1 detection tube 25 is discharged. The outflowing water falls on the end plate 14 and flows out through the holes on the end plate 14. A water storage device can be set under the hole, or a connecting pipe can be inserted into the water tank 214 to collect the water. After the water collection is completed, the transparent observation door 17 is opened, and then the No. 1 electric telescopic rod 22 is retracted to reset the sealing component 230 and extend the No. 2 electric telescopic rod 28 to release the restriction on the water meter or the water meter shell.The robot then takes out the water meter or the water meter casing and places it in the storage box.

[0106] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-station detection device for water meter production, comprising a body mechanism (1), characterized in that: The body mechanism (1) comprises a base (11), the upper end of the base (11) is fixedly connected to an end plate (14), a detection mechanism (2) is arranged above the end plate (14), the detection mechanism (2) comprises a bearing end seat (21), both sides of the middle of the lower end of the bearing end seat (21) are fixedly connected to a No. 2 electric telescopic rod (28), a top through hole (224) is provided in the middle of the upper end of the bearing end seat (21), and a No. 1 electric telescopic rod (28) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bearing end seat (21) and located above the top through hole (224). The movable telescopic rod (22) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing end seat (21) with a guide arc plate (220), and the interior of the guide arc plate (220) is slidably connected to a No. 2 detection tube (26). The upper end of the end plate (14) is fixedly connected to a No. 1 detection tube (25), and the outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube (26) is fixedly connected to a No. 3 connection port (226) and a No. 4 connection port (227). A water pressure sensor (27) is installed inside the No. 4 connection port (227). The upper end of the end plate (14) is fixedly connected to a No. 1 center connection port. The transfer box (29) is fixedly connected to the No. 1 transfer box (29) at its upper end with a No. 1 connection port (218), the No. 1 connection port (218) and the No. 3 connection port (226) are directly fixedly connected to the No. 2 pipe (217), the No. 1 transfer box (29) is fixedly connected to the No. 2 connection port (219), the No. 2 connection port (219) is fixedly connected to the No. 1 solenoid valve (210), the No. 1 transfer box (29) is fixedly connected to the No. 2 solenoid valve (216), and the base (11) is installed inside. There is a No. 2 transfer box (212), the lower end of the No. 1 detection tube (25) is fixedly connected to the No. 1 pipeline (211), the other end of the No. 1 pipeline (211) is fixedly connected to the No. 2 transfer box (212), one end of the No. 2 transfer box (212) is fixedly connected to an output port (213), one end of the output port (213) is installed with a No. 3 solenoid valve, the output end of the No. 1 electric telescopic rod (22) is fixedly connected to a sealing component (230), and the sealing component (230) is located inside the No. 2 detection tube (26).

2. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the end plate (14) is fixedly connected to a side guard plate (16), and the number of the side guard plates (16) is two. The bearing end seat (21) is slidably connected to the two side guard plates (16). The interiors of the No. 1 detection tube (25) and the No. 2 detection tube (26) are both fixedly connected to an inner support ring (225). The interiors of the No. 1 detection tube (25) and the No. 2 detection tube (26) are both slidably connected to a conical centering piece (221). A spring (231) is provided between the conical centering piece (221) and the inner support ring (225).

3. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the bearing end seat (21) are provided with assembly notches (215), both ends of the side guard plate (16) are fixedly connected with inner guide rods (23), and the inner guide rods (23) are slidably connected to the assembly notches (215). A water tank (214) is installed inside the base (11), and one side of the water tank (214) is fixedly connected with a No. 5 connection port (236) and a No. 6 connection port (237). The No. 5 connection port (236) is fixedly connected to the No. 2 solenoid valve (216) through a pipeline, and the No. 3 solenoid valve and the No. 6 connection port (237) are fixedly connected to a vacuum water pump through a set pipeline. The No. 2 electric telescopic rod (28) is fixedly connected to the end plate (14).

4. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the conical centering piece (221) is fixedly connected to a matching ring (232), one end of the matching ring (232) is provided with a matching notch (233), one end of the spring (231) is fixedly connected to the matching notch (233), and a central through groove (234) is provided through the middle of the conical centering piece (221).

5. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ends of the No. 1 detection tube (25) and the No. 2 detection tube (26) are fixedly connected to a contact disk (223), the end of the contact disk (223) is fixedly connected to a sealing ring (222), the upper end of the contact disk (223) is penetrated by a reinforcement through hole (238), the outer surface of the No. 2 detection tube (26) is fixedly connected to a directional protrusion (228), the directional protrusion (228) is slidably connected to the guide arc plate (220), and the upper end of the water tank (214) is provided with an end through groove (235).

6. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 5, characterized in that: An end groove (229) is provided at the upper end of the No. 2 detection tube (26), and an embedded groove (24) is provided at both ends of the side guard plate (16). A transparent observation door (17) is installed inside the embedded groove (24), and one end of the transparent observation door (17) is rotatably connected to one of the side guard plates (16) through a set hinge, and a handle (18) is fixedly connected to one side of the transparent observation door (17).

7. The multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 6, characterized in that: A protective door (12) is installed on one side of the base (11), an inner groove handle (13) is provided on one side of the protective door (12), and a control component (15) is fixedly connected to one side of the middle portion of the upper end of the end plate (14).

8. An automatic calibration workstation for a multi-station detection device for water meter production, characterized by: A multi-station detection device for water meter production according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising a perception layer (3), a signal processing layer (4), a core control layer (5) and a data application layer (6), wherein the perception layer (3) comprises an image acquisition module (31) and a signal acquisition module (32), the signal processing layer (4) comprises a contour extraction module (41), a coordinate conversion module (42), a filtering and noise reduction module (43) and a temperature drift compensation module (44), the core control layer (5) comprises a robotic arm control module (51), a path planning module (52), a safety monitoring module (53), a timing coordination module (54), an edge diagnosis module (55), a data buffer module (56) and an anti-interference protection module (57), and the data application layer (6) comprises a data storage module (61) and a report generation module (62).

9. The automatic calibration workstation for the multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 8, characterized in that: The image acquisition module (31) is used to collect the original signal of the water pressure sensor (27), convert the current signal output by the sensor into a processable voltage signal through a signal conversion circuit, and perform preliminary amplification; The signal acquisition module (32) uses an industrial camera in conjunction with a dedicated light source to capture images of the water meter or the water meter housing during loading and unloading under a trigger signal; The contour extraction module (41) uses an edge detection and morphological processing algorithm based on OpenCV to identify the contour and features of the water surface in the captured image; The coordinate conversion module (42) converts the image pixel coordinates into world coordinates recognizable by the robotic arm based on the spatial coordinate mapping of the camera calibration parameters; The filtering and noise reduction module (43) combines hardware filtering with software algorithms to suppress high-frequency noise and random interference and eliminate noise in the signal; The temperature drift compensation module (44) collects the ambient temperature through a temperature sensor, and compensates the signal in combination with a calibration curve to eliminate sensor signal drift caused by temperature changes.

10. The automatic calibration workstation for the multi-station detection device for water meter production according to claim 9, characterized in that: The robotic arm control module (51) receives positioning coordinates based on real-time instruction transmission and servo control via Profinet, and controls the robotic arm to complete the actions of grabbing and placing the water meter; The path planning module (52) plans the movement path of the robot arm; The safety monitoring module (53) combines sensors and logical judgment to trigger safety protection actions and monitor the operating status of equipment and personnel safety; The timing coordination module (54) controls the timing of each workstation action and coordinates the actions of multiple workstations based on the time slice rotation and priority mechanism of the FPGA; The edge diagnosis module (55) is based on a machine learning model of pressure curve characteristics, performs local reasoning and triggers processing, and identifies abnormalities in real time at the workstation; The data buffer module (56) temporarily stores high-frequency collected data based on the hierarchical storage and dynamic scheduling mechanism of the ring buffer and schedules uploading according to priority; The anti-interference protection module (57) suppresses electromagnetic interference in the industrial environment; The data storage module (61) adopts a hierarchical storage architecture combining local cache and remote database to store detection data, positioning data and abnormality records, and supports retrospective query; The report generation module (62) generates reports based on SQL queries and Excel templates, automatically collects test data, generates daily / monthly reports, and assists production decision-making.

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