Aperture structure

Abstract

The invention provides an aperture structure, which comprises a fixed seat, a rotating disc, a plurality of blades and a driving assembly, the fixed seat is provided with a plurality of directional guide columns, the rotating disc can rotate around the central axis of the rotating disc and is provided with a plurality of power guide columns, and the blades are provided with guide structures in sliding fit with the directional guide columns and the power guide columns. During working, the driving assembly drives the rotating disc to rotate, the power guide column on the rotating disc pushes the blades, and the blades move along a linear track under the guidance of the directional guide column on the fixed seat so as to change the size of the adjusting hole defined by the blades. The rotary motion of the rotary table is converted into the linear motion of the blades, and the device has the advantages that the structure is highly integrated, the motion precision is high, the roundness of the adjusting holes is high, and miniaturization is easy to achieve. In a preferable embodiment, according to the structure, four blades move, a hole formed in the whole process is in a regular octagon shape, and therefore extremely high roundness and consistency of the adjusting hole are achieved.

Description

Technical field

[0003] In the prior art, most mainstream aperture structures rely on the pivoting and swinging of multiple blades to achieve aperture adjustment. In this typical structure, the blades are connected to a fixed base via pivots on their outer edges. A separate drive pin connects them to a cam groove or linkage mechanism on a rotatable drive ring. When a motor drives the drive ring to rotate, the blades swing in an arc around their respective fixed pivots, thereby opening and closing the central aperture.

[0004] However, the core mechanism of this traditional aperture structure based on pivoting and swinging kinematics has the following technical problems: First, because each blade moves in an arc, the angle and orientation of its edge relative to the aperture center continuously change throughout the entire opening and closing process. This nonlinear motion fundamentally determines that the aperture formed by the multiple blades cannot remain a geometrically regular, undistorted regular polygon throughout its entire travel. This directly leads to low aperture true circularity and poor consistency. Especially at small apertures, the imaged out-of-focus spot shape is irregular, affecting optical performance.

[0005] Secondly, in a pivoting and swinging structure, the driving force passes through a complex, multi-link force transmission path. Consequently, manufacturing tolerances, assembly clearances, and friction differences among various components inevitably lead to subtle inconsistencies in the driving effect applied to each blade. This lack of motion consistency prevents high-quality synchronous opening and closing of multiple blades, and can cause slight drift in the aperture center during adjustment, further compromising aperture symmetry and imaging quality.

[0006] Furthermore, to achieve and constrain the aforementioned pivoting and swinging motion, conventional structures rely on multiple independent, dedicated components, such as a drive ring, pivot, and drive pins, resulting in a complex and redundant structure. This not only increases the risk of failure but also makes it difficult to effectively reduce the axial thickness and radial dimensions of the entire aperture module, failing to meet the urgent demand for extremely compact designs in modern optical devices, particularly mobile smart terminals. [Summary of the invention] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aperture structure, aiming to solve the technical problems of the aperture structure in the prior art caused by the use of a pivoting and swinging mechanism, such as poor hole shape and low roundness, poor blade movement consistency, and complex structure.

[0008] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: An aperture structure, comprising: A fixing seat, wherein a first central through hole is formed in the center of the fixing seat and a plurality of directional guide columns serving as static guide references are provided; a turntable having a second central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole and rotatable about its central axis relative to the fixed base, and having a plurality of power guide pillars as dynamic drive sources provided on the turntable; A plurality of blades together enclose an adjustment hole for adjusting the aperture size, each of the blades being provided with a guide structure, the guide structure being in sliding engagement with a directional guide post on the fixing seat to limit the blade to move along a linear trajectory, and being in sliding engagement with a power guide post on the turntable to receive a driving force transmitted when the turntable rotates; and a driving assembly for driving the turntable to rotate so that the blades move along the straight track under the driving force, thereby changing the size of the adjustment hole.

[0009] In the aperture structure as described above, the plurality of blades are distributed in rotational symmetry with respect to the central axis of the rotating disk.

[0010] In the aperture structure as described above, each blade has an inner edge, and the inner edges of the plurality of blades together form a centrally symmetrical adjustment hole.

[0011] In the aperture structure as described above, the adjustment hole is a regular polygon.

[0012] In the aperture structure as described above, the guide structure includes a plurality of directional grooves evenly arranged on both sides of the blade for cooperating with the directional guide pillars, and a power groove for cooperating with the power guide pillars is provided between the directional grooves on both sides.

[0013] The aperture structure as described above further includes an aperture plate, which is arranged on one side of the plurality of blades. The aperture plate is provided with a light hole that determines the maximum aperture.

[0014] In the aperture structure described above, the aperture plate is provided with a limiting hole that cooperates with the directional guide post to prevent the aperture plate from rotating; The aperture plate is provided with an arc-shaped limiting hole for the power guide column to pass through and for limiting the rotation range of the power guide column.

[0015] In the aperture structure described above, the driving component is an electromagnetic driving component, including: a plurality of magnetic members disposed on the turntable; An FPC assembly, wherein a third central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is opened at the center of the FPC assembly, and an induction coil is provided on the FPC assembly; The induction coil and the magnetic member electromagnetically act to drive the turntable to rotate.

[0016] As described above, the aperture structure is further provided with a drag-reducing rotation component between the fixed seat and the turntable for reducing the rotational damping. The drag-reducing rotation component includes a plurality of mounting grooves provided on the fixed seat, each of the mounting grooves having a built-in ball, and the lower end edge of the turntable is evenly provided with a plurality of rolling connection parts that are in point contact with the ball.

[0017] The aperture structure as described above further comprises an upper fixing cover and a lower fixing cover detachably connected to the upper end and the lower end of the fixing base respectively; A fourth central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is formed in the center of the upper fixed cover; A fifth central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is formed in the center of the lower fixed cover; The lower fixed cover is provided with a plurality of first avoidance holes corresponding to the directional guide pillars; and a plurality of second avoidance holes corresponding to the rotation paths of the power guide pillars; A plurality of limiting grooves for limiting the rotation radius of the turntable are evenly provided along the inner side wall of the fixing seat, and a plurality of limiting ends for cooperating with the limiting grooves are provided along the circumference of the turntable; A plurality of limiting blocks that cantilever and extend inwards are evenly arranged on the upper edge of the fixing seat.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention utilizes a drive assembly to drive the blades' linear motion mechanism. Because the blades undergo only pure linear translation, their posture remains constant throughout their motion. This allows, through a simple design of the blade inner edges, to ensure that the adjustment aperture, formed by the multiple blades, remains a geometrically regular, undeformed regular polygon throughout its entire opening and closing stroke. This significantly improves the aperture's true roundness and consistency, optimizing out-of-focus imaging effects.

[0019] 2. This invention's force transmission path is extremely direct and short. Driving force is applied directly and synchronously to all blades by a single rotating disk, eliminating the precision loss and inconsistent motion caused by gap accumulation and friction differences in traditional drive ring and multi-link structures. Stable guidance provided by directional guide posts on the mounting base further ensures smooth blade movement and high repeatability.

[0020] 3. This invention highly integrates drive and guide functions. It avoids the complex drive ring and linkage mechanisms found in traditional structures, significantly reducing the number of parts and simplifying the overall structure. This design not only improves reliability but, more importantly, significantly reduces the axial dimensions of the structure, making it very easy to achieve miniaturization and thinness.

[0021] 4. As a preferred embodiment, the present invention utilizes the coordinated linear motion of four blades to consistently and stably form a perfect, regular octagonal adjustment hole throughout the entire adjustment process. This four-blade design achieves a minimal number of parts while achieving a highly rounded hole profile that far exceeds that of traditional multi-blade designs, while achieving a minimal number of parts and a simplified structure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 The three-dimensional structure of this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The three-dimensional structure of this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a front schematic diagram of the present embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the back side of this embodiment; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single blade in this embodiment at a small aperture; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single blade in this embodiment at a large aperture; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of multiple blades in this embodiment at a small aperture; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of multiple blades in this embodiment at a large aperture; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the FPC assembly from the back side in this embodiment; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixing base in this embodiment from a front perspective; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixing base in this embodiment from a rear perspective; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the turntable in this embodiment from the front perspective; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the turntable in this embodiment from the back perspective; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the aperture plate in this embodiment; Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single blade in this embodiment; Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lower fixed cover in this embodiment. [Specific implementation method] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of this application without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] This embodiment provides an aperture structure. Figures 1 to 17 The aperture structure includes a fixed base 1, a turntable 2 rotatable around its central axis relative to the fixed base 1, a plurality of blades 3 and a driving assembly 4 for driving the turntable 2 to rotate.

[0026] Specifically, the fixed seat 1 serves as a reference part of the entire structure. As a basic structural feature of this embodiment, the fixed seat 1 is provided with a receiving groove 15 for accommodating the turntable 2. The turntable 2 can be rotatably and concentrically arranged around its central axis in the receiving groove 15. A plurality of directional guide columns 11 are also integrally formed on the fixed seat 1. The axes of these directional guide columns 11 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main plane of the fixed seat 1. They provide precise guide references for the movement trajectory of the blades 3. A plurality of power guide columns 21 are provided on the turntable 2. These power guide columns 21 are also parallel to the central axis of the turntable 2 and serve as power output ends to drive the blades 3 to move when the turntable 2 rotates.

[0027] A guide structure 31 is provided on each blade 3 , and the guide structure 31 is cleverly slidably matched with the directional guide column 11 on the fixed base 1 and the power guide column 21 on the turntable 2 at the same time.

[0028] The operating principle of this aperture structure is as follows: when the drive assembly 4 is activated and drives the turntable 2 to rotate about its central axis, the power guide post 21 on the turntable 2 slides within the guide structure 31 of the blades 3, thereby applying a driving force to the blades 3. Because the blades 3 are also constrained by the stationary directional guide posts 11 on the fixed base 1, their motion trajectory is strictly confined to a straight line. Therefore, through this precise mechanism, the rotational motion of the turntable 2 is efficiently converted into the synchronized linear reciprocating motion of the multiple blades 3, thereby precisely changing the size of the adjustment hole 5 formed by these blades 3 and achieving the opening and closing of the aperture.

[0029] Furthermore, to effectively enclose and control the central optical path, the number of blades 3 is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3. While two blades 3 can also enclose a closed variable light-passing area from a purely geometric perspective, the resulting aperture (e.g., a rectangle) would have very low circularity, a key metric sought in optical applications. During adjustment, the aperture would deviate significantly from a circle, making it difficult to meet the requirements for high-quality imaging. Therefore, to achieve an adjustment aperture 5 with high circularity throughout the entire adjustment range, closer to an ideal circular aperture, the present invention preferably utilizes three or more blades 3, for example, four, five, or six. The specific number of blades 3 chosen can be determined by a trade-off between aperture regularity, structural complexity, and cost.

[0030] A key feature of this embodiment is that the N blades 3 are distributed in strict rotational symmetry about the central axis of the turntable 2. This means that not only are the shapes and dimensions of each blade 3 identical, but their mounting positions on the mounting base 1 and turntable 2, including their corresponding directional guide posts 11 and power guide posts 21, are evenly spaced at 360 / N degrees.

[0031] This highly symmetrical layout is not a simple arrangement, but the fundamental guarantee for achieving high-precision and high-stability aperture adjustment. The technical advantages it brings are reflected in the following aspects: First, force balance and dynamic stability are achieved. When the turntable 2 rotates, the driving force applied by the N power guide columns 21 to the N blades 3 is completely symmetrical in size and direction. Similarly, the reaction force fed back to the turntable 2 and the fixed seat 1 by the N blades 3 through the guide structure 31 also constitutes a balanced force system. This prevents the turntable 2 from being subjected to any unbalanced lateral force during the entire movement process, avoids jitter, eccentricity or wear that may be caused by uneven force, and ensures a high degree of stability in the rotational motion. Especially in high-speed opening and closing application scenarios, this dynamic balance characteristic is crucial and can effectively suppress vibration and noise.

[0032] Secondly, absolute synchronization and precision of movement are guaranteed. The symmetrical layout ensures that the geometric relationships and kinematic parameters of each "power guide post-blade-directional guide post" motion unit are completely consistent. Therefore, when the turntable 2 rotates through any angle, the rotational displacement is precisely and equally converted into linear displacement of each blade 3. All blades 3 move as one, achieving perfectly synchronized inward and outward movement, thus ensuring that the adjustment hole 5 always maintains its ideal centrosymmetric shape and its geometric center always coincides with the rotational center of the turntable 2, preventing drift.

[0033] Finally, the overall reliability of the structure is improved. The symmetrical layout evenly distributes the drive load and motion friction to each blade and guide post, avoiding stress concentration, extending the service life of each component, and improving the durability and reliability of the entire aperture structure.

[0034] Furthermore, if Figure 6-9 、 Figure 16 As shown, each blade 3 has an inner edge 32 for directly defining and enclosing the adjustment hole 5. Since the multiple blades 3 and their driving and guiding components are strictly rotationally symmetrically distributed around the central axis, no matter where the blades 3 move to, the adjustment hole 5 enclosed by their inner edges 32 is a perfectly centrally symmetrical pattern.

[0035] This central symmetry, maintained throughout the dynamic adjustment process, is crucial for high-quality optical imaging. A symmetrical aperture produces a smooth, pleasing out-of-focus image, avoiding the distracting, irregular flare that can result from an asymmetrical aperture. It also helps suppress asymmetrical diffraction effects, reducing stray light and ensuring that light evenly passes through the lens to the sensor or film, thereby improving overall image sharpness and contrast and mitigating vignetting.

[0036] However, this embodiment does not stop at achieving central symmetry. As a more sophisticated and important technical feature of this embodiment, through the specific geometric configuration design of the inner edge 32 of the blade 3, combined with the unique linear motion mechanism of this embodiment, the adjustment hole 5 can always remain a regular polygon in the geometric sense at any point from the maximum aperture to the minimum aperture during the entire opening and closing process.

[0037] To achieve this goal, in this embodiment, the inner edge 32 of each blade 3 is no longer a traditional single arc, but is instead composed of at least two straight edges at a specific angle. This straight inner edge design, combined with the core linear translation motion of the blades in this embodiment, creates an excellent synergistic effect.

[0038] The principle is that because each blade 3 performs pure linear translation without any rotation or oscillation, the spatial orientation (i.e., angle) of its two straight edges, which serve as inner edges 32, remains constant throughout the entire motion. When N blades with identical straight inner edges synchronously and linearly move toward or away from the center, their unchanging straight edges, joined at the center, continuously form a regular polygon with a constant number of sides, 2N.

[0039] This ability to always keep the hole shape as a regular polygon during the dynamic process is a major advantage of this embodiment over the existing technology. In many traditional aperture structures, the blades often swing around the axis point. Even if their edges are straight lines, their angles relative to the optical center are constantly changing, so it is impossible to maintain a regular polygonal hole throughout the entire stroke. Other structures use arc-shaped blades. Although the holes they enclose are close to circular, at small apertures, the overlap between the blades will form irregular sharp corners, destroying the regularity of the hole shape. The present invention fundamentally solves these problems and achieves a high degree of consistency and predictability of the hole shape under any aperture setting, thereby providing users with constant, high-quality imaging performance.

[0040] Specifically, as a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the aperture structure uses four blades 3. Accordingly, the inner edge 32 of each blade 3 is composed of two straight line segments connected to each other and forming an inner angle of 135 degrees. The four blades 3 are rotationally symmetrically distributed around the central axis at intervals of 90 degrees. When the turntable 2 drives the four blades to translate synchronously and linearly toward the center, the two straight line segments of their respective inner edges are connected end to end in the central area, together forming a regular octagonal adjustment hole 5 with eight equal sides and eight equal inner angles. Moreover, since the blades 3 only perform linear translation, the spatial posture of the straight line segments of their inner edges remains unchanged. Therefore, no matter what size the adjustment hole 5 is, it always remains a perfect regular octagon, thereby achieving extremely high aperture roundness and consistency of optical performance.

[0041] Optionally, as another alternative embodiment, the aperture structure may also adopt five blades 3. In this case, the inner edge 32 of each blade 3 is composed of two straight edges connected to each other and forming an inner angle of 144 degrees. The five blades 3 are rotationally symmetrically distributed at intervals of 72 degrees around the central axis. Similarly, when they are driven to perform synchronous linear translation, their inner edges will together form a regular regular decagonal adjustment hole 5. Compared with the regular octagon, the regular decagon has more sides and its shape is closer to a perfect circle, which can bring a softer and more natural out-of-focus imaging effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that by changing the number of blades N and adjusting the angle of the inner edge straight line segment accordingly, the core idea of ​​the present application can be extended to form an adjustment hole of any regular 2N polygon, which has strong versatility and extensibility.

[0042] Further, as a preferred implementation of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 15The aperture structure also includes an aperture plate 6, a key optical reference component. This plate is a precisely machined, thin sheet-like component. Within the overall stacked structure, it is precisely positioned to one side of the multiple blades 3 and fits snugly against the lower end surface of the mounting base 1, together defining the bottom of the chamber within which the blades 3 move. To ensure rigidity, wear resistance, and eliminate stray light, the aperture plate 6 can be constructed from a blackened or matte-finished metal, such as stainless steel or anodized aluminum alloy; or from a non-metallic material with a low coefficient of friction and high dimensional stability, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or carbon fiber-doped engineering plastics.

[0043] A light hole 61 with a high-precision edge is located at the center of aperture plate 6. From an optical design perspective, the diameter of this light hole 61 strictly defines the maximum aperture value achievable by the aperture structure. It provides a clear, diffraction-free boundary for the light beam passing through the lens. The aperture of the adjustment hole 5, formed by the movement of multiple blades 3, varies in size from fully closed to fully open, completely consistent with the aperture size of light hole 61. Therefore, aperture plate 6 not only determines the upper limit of light flux but also holds the key to ensuring maximum aperture imaging quality.

[0044] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the position of the aperture plate 6 is absolutely stable under complex working conditions, such as vibration and impact, and in particular to ensure that the light-through hole 61 thereon is always concentric with the optical axis of the entire optical path, as a preferred embodiment, the aperture plate 6 is provided with a plurality of limiting holes 62 that precisely match the directional guide posts 11. This design gives the directional guide posts 11 a dual function. First, the primary function of the directional guide posts 11 is to provide a precise linear motion trajectory for the blades 3. Second, these same directional guide posts 11 provide absolute angular position locking for the aperture plate when passing through the limiting holes 62 on the aperture plate 6. This matching relationship can be a tight sliding fit that allows easy assembly, or a slight interference fit that requires pressure to be pressed in to achieve a stronger fixing effect. In this way, this embodiment does not require additional independent pins or screws to be set on the fixing seat 1 for fixing the aperture plate 6, which greatly simplifies the structure, reduces the number of parts and potential assembly errors.

[0045] Furthermore, to further enhance the operational reliability of the entire aperture structure and establish a clear physical boundary for its range of motion, the aperture plate 6 is provided with arcuate limiting holes 63 through which the power guide posts 21 pass. In the stacked structure of this embodiment, the power guide posts 21 extend downward from the turntable 2, pass through these arcuate limiting holes 63 on the stationary aperture plate 6, and then engage with the guide structure 31 of the blade 3 located below the aperture plate 6. The design of these multiple arcuate limiting holes 63 is meticulously considered: First, geometrically, the central radius of curvature of each arc-shaped stopper hole 63 matches the distance from the corresponding power guide post 21 to the central axis of the turntable 2, ensuring that the power guide post 21 can slide smoothly within the hole without interference during rotation. Second, regarding the stroke definition, the arc length has been meticulously calculated and designed, with its two endpoints (i.e., the end walls of the hole) precisely corresponding to the two extreme positions of the power guide post 21 at maximum and minimum aperture, respectively. In other words, the angular span of the arc-shaped stopper hole 63 represents the total rotational range required for the aperture to operate.

[0046] Therefore, the end wall of the arc-shaped limit hole 63 constitutes a reliable mechanical hard stop. When the turntable 2 reaches any end point of its travel, the side of the power guide column 21 will directly abut the end wall of the arc-shaped limit hole 63 on the equally solid caliber plate 6. This point-to-point physical contact provides a physical stop signal, which brings multiple technical effects: First, it prevents mechanical damage. It fundamentally prevents overtravel of the turntable 2 due to abnormal control signals, drive overshoot, or external impact. Without this limiter, overtravel could cause multiple blades 3 to be excessively squeezed at the center, collide with each other, and deform, or cause the power guide post 21 to disengage from the guide groove of the blade 3, causing the entire mechanism to jam or permanently damage.

[0047] Second, it protects the drive assembly. This mechanical hard limit can form an effective collaborative protection with the external electronic control system. For example, in a common control strategy based on stall current detection, the control system will monitor the operating current of the drive assembly 4 in real time. When the turntable 2 hits the hard limit and is mechanically stuck, its drive current will instantly rise sharply. Once the control system detects this preset stall current characteristic, it will immediately determine that the end of the stroke has been reached and actively cut off the drive signal, thereby effectively preventing the drive assembly 4 from overheating or damage due to long-term overload. For another example, in another strategy based on open-loop control of a stepper motor, the hard limit can be used as the absolute zero point for system initialization. At startup, the control system can drive the turntable 2 to rotate continuously until it hits the hard limit and stops. The system will then mark this position as the absolute starting position, and all subsequent aperture opening and closing actions will be based on this zero point for accurate step calculation.

[0048] Third, the accuracy and repeatability of system calibration are improved. These two clear physical endpoints serve as absolute reference points for the aperture control algorithm, simplifying the calibration process during production and ensuring a highly consistent range for each opening and closing operation, thereby improving the repeatability of aperture adjustment.

[0049] Furthermore, as a dual-position limit protection solution, the fixed base 1 itself is also provided with a plurality of arcuate through-holes 16 for the power guide pillars 21 to pass through. These arcuate through-holes 16 on the fixed base 1 function similarly to the arcuate limit holes 63 on the aperture plate 6. Their end walls also serve as mechanical hard limits, providing the final physical constraint on the rotation range of the turntable 2. Because the fixed base 1 generally has greater structural rigidity and thickness than the aperture plate 6, the limit structure provided on the fixed base 1 can provide more stable and impact-resistant limit protection.

[0050] Furthermore, as a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the drive assembly 4 can be specifically an electromagnetic drive assembly. The electromagnetic drive assembly includes a plurality of magnetic parts 41 arranged on the turntable 2, and an FPC assembly 42, and the FPC assembly 42 is provided with an induction coil 421. Specifically, a plurality of magnetic parts 41 are evenly and alternately embedded in the main structure of the turntable 2 with alternating polarity, for example, by injection molding or adhesive filling to form a rigid whole with the turntable 2. These magnetic parts 41 can be made of rare earth permanent magnetic materials with high magnetic energy product, such as sintered NdFeB magnets, to provide a strong permanent magnetic field within a limited volume. The FPC assembly 42, that is, a flexible printed circuit board, serves as a carrier of the induction coil 421, and its shape and size are precisely designed so that it fits perfectly with components such as the fixed base 1 and the turntable 2.

[0051] In this embodiment, the induction coil 421 can be an independent coil unit with a specific shape and number of turns that is pre-wound with ultra-fine enameled wire. These independent coil units are firmly and accurately fixed to the preset pads and positions on the FPC assembly 42 through processes such as surface mounting technology, reflow soldering or conductive adhesive bonding. In this embodiment, the core role of the FPC assembly 42 is to serve as a high-precision circuit substrate and carrying platform. It not only provides a reliable electrical connection path for these independent coil units, but more importantly, it ensures strict relative position accuracy between multiple groups of coils, which is the key to achieving smooth and uniform driving torque. The use of independent coil units has a mature process and coils of different specifications can be flexibly selected according to different torque requirements.

[0052] Of course, as another feasible technical solution, the induction coil 421 can also be directly integrated on the substrate of the FPC assembly 42 through semiconductor processes such as printing, electroplating or etching. In this way, multiple groups of flat spiral coils can be directly set on the FPC assembly with extremely high precision. Its advantage is that it can achieve an extremely thin thickness, which is very beneficial for application scenarios with extreme requirements for structural space. Those skilled in the art will understand that whether the induction coil 421 is an independent unit attached later or a flat coil formed in an integrated manner, its core concept of using the FPC assembly 42 as a stator carrier to cooperate with the magnetic part 41 on the turntable 2 to form a micro drive motor is consistent, and both fall within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0053] During operation, an external control circuit selectively supplies drive current to the various induction coils 421 sequentially and in accordance with a pre-set commutation logic via the wires on the FPC assembly 42. The energized coils then generate an electromagnetic field with controllable direction and intensity. This electromagnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the magnetic element 41 on the turntable 2 through a Lorentz force, generating a precise and smooth electromagnetic torque. This torque drives the turntable 2 to a precise angle, thereby driving the blades 3 to open and close the aperture. By controlling the magnitude and timing of the input current, precise control of the aperture position and speed can be achieved.

[0054] Furthermore, to significantly optimize the magnetic circuit structure of the electromagnetic drive assembly 4 and achieve higher drive efficiency at the same power consumption, as an optional yet significantly improved implementation, the fixed base 1 may also be embedded with multiple annular iron sheets 12 that precisely correspond to the positions of the multiple magnetic members 41. The multiple annular iron sheets 12 can be made of a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low magnetic resistance, such as electrical pure iron or silicon steel sheets. Structurally, they are placed on the back side of the induction coil 421, that is, on the other side opposite the magnetic members 41 on the turntable 2.

[0055] Without this annular iron sheet 12, the magnetic lines of force emitted from one magnetic pole of the magnetic part 41 will diffuse to the surroundings after passing through the air gap where the induction coil 421 is located, forming an open and inefficient magnetic field loop, in which most of the magnetic flux is not effectively utilized. After the annular iron sheet 12 is added, the entire magnetic circuit structure has undergone a qualitative change. Since the annular iron sheet 12 is made of a high magnetic permeability material, it constitutes an optimal conduction path for the magnetic flux with a magnetic resistance far lower than that of the surrounding air medium. After passing through the working air gap and the induction coil 421, most of the magnetic lines of force emitted from one magnetic pole of the magnetic part 41 (for example, the N pole) will no longer diffuse and leak into the external space, but will be effectively confined inside the annular iron sheet 12 and guided to another adjacent magnetic pole (for example, the S pole), thereby forming an efficient, closed magnetic circuit. The technical benefits of this closed magnetic circuit are significant: according to the Lorentz force law, the driving torque is proportional to the product of the magnetic field strength B and the coil current I. This increased magnetic flux density means that, for the same input drive current, turntable 2 can achieve a greater and smoother driving torque. Conversely, to achieve the same driving torque, a smaller drive current is required, which directly leads to lower power consumption and less Joule heating, which is crucial for extending battery life and preventing heat from affecting optical imaging.

[0056] Therefore, the annular iron plate 12 is not a simple structural component, but a core functional optimization component. By improving the distribution of the magnetic field, it significantly enhances the energy conversion efficiency and torque output performance of the entire electromagnetic drive assembly at a very low cost and in a very small space. It is one of the key designs that achieves high-performance drive in this embodiment.

[0057] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the turntable 2 can achieve stable and smooth rotation under a small driving torque, as a preferred embodiment, a drag-reducing rotation component 7 is further provided between the contact surface of the fixed seat 1 and the turntable 2. When the drag-reducing rotation component 7 is missing, there is surface-contact sliding friction between the turntable 2 and the fixed seat 1. This type of friction has problems such as large static friction at startup and unstable dynamic friction coefficient, which can easily lead to a stick-slip effect during movement, that is, discontinuous movement and tiny jitters, which is fatal for apertures that require precise control. In addition, long-term sliding friction can also cause wear of components and generate tiny particles, affecting the cleanliness of the optical system and the long-term accuracy of the mechanism. The core concept of the drag-reducing rotation component 7 proposed in this embodiment is to transform high-damping sliding friction into low-damping rolling friction by introducing rolling bodies, thereby fundamentally solving the above problems.

[0058] Specifically, the drag-reducing rotational assembly 7 can be a simplified ball bearing structure, comprising a plurality of mounting grooves 71 integrally formed on the upper surface of the fixed base 1, and a ball 72 embedded within each mounting groove 71. These mounting grooves 71 are precision-machined recesses or blind holes, with their depth and profile precisely designed to ensure that the ball 72 is stably retained within them, allowing it to roll freely in place. The ball 72 itself is a high-precision, high-hardness sphere, and can be made of bearing steel or a ceramic material such as silicon nitride.

[0059] Corresponding to the balls 72, a plurality of rolling connections 22 are evenly arranged on the lower edge of the turntable 2, that is, on the side facing the fixed seat 1. The rolling connections 22 are specially processed circular tracks on the turntable 2 with high hardness and high surface finish, or multiple independent contact points. When the turntable 2 is assembled on the fixed seat 1, the rolling connections 22 thereon will accurately press onto the multiple balls 72, forming a stable rolling point contact. Through this ball bearing design, the sliding friction between the turntable 2 and the fixed seat 1 is converted into rolling friction, greatly reducing the rotational damping, allowing the drive assembly 4 to drive the turntable 2 with less energy, and improving the smoothness and response speed of the rotation.

[0060] Furthermore, to ensure radial stability of the turntable 2 during rotation, as an optional embodiment, a plurality of limiting grooves 13 can be uniformly provided along the inner sidewall of the fixed base 1 to limit the rotation radius of the turntable 2. Simultaneously, a plurality of limiting ends 23 are correspondingly provided along the circumference of the turntable 2, slidably engaging with the limiting grooves 13. This engaging structure effectively prevents radial wobble of the turntable 2 and ensures the stability of its rotation center.

[0061] Furthermore, to ensure the axial stability of the turntable 2 during rotation, as an optional embodiment, a plurality of inwardly cantilevered stoppers 14 may be evenly disposed on the upper edge of the fixing base 1. These stoppers 14 are located above the turntable 2 and are used to prevent the turntable 2 from axially moving or falling out when subjected to impact or vibration, further improving the reliability of the entire structure.

[0062] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the guide structure 31 may include a plurality of orientation slots 311 evenly disposed on both sides of the blade 3 for engaging with the orientation guide posts 11, and a power slot 312 disposed between the orientation slots 311 on both sides for engaging with the power guide posts 21. This slot design, which separates orientation from drive functions, makes the force applied to the blade 3 more defined and the motion control more precise.

[0063] Specifically, as described above, when the number of blades 3 is four, a highly rounded regular octagonal adjustment hole 5 can be achieved with a minimalist structure. To ensure absolute stability and posture consistency of the four blades 3 during linear motion, in this embodiment, four directional guide posts 11 are provided on the fixing base 1. These four directional guide posts 11 are arranged in a square array and together form a highly rigid, global guide reference frame.

[0064] From a spatial perspective, the four blades 3 are stacked structurally, and each individual blade 3 simultaneously slides with all four directional guide posts 11. To achieve this, each blade 3 is provided with four corresponding directional slots 311. The shape and position of these four directional slots 311 are precisely designed, and their combined effect is to retain only one degree of translational freedom for the blade, allowing it to move only along a single, predefined linear direction.

[0065] This four-point constraint design provides each blade 3 with a high degree of stability. Because each blade 3 is simultaneously constrained at four spatially separated points, all rotational degrees of freedom within the plane of motion are completely locked. Furthermore, rotation perpendicular to the plane of motion is suppressed due to the multiple points of contact. This fundamentally ensures that the movement of the blade 3 is pure linear translation, without any change in attitude.

[0066] Each blade 3 also has a power slot 312 in its center, which engages one of the four power guide posts 21 on the turntable 2. As the turntable 2 rotates, the power guide posts 21 exert a driving force on the blade 3. Although the direction and point of application of this driving force constantly change, the blade 3, constrained by the four directional guide posts 11, can only interpret this complex driving force as motion along its only permitted linear direction.

[0067] In summary, this four-leaf, four-column, four-point coplanar constraint design, by providing each blade with an extremely stable over-constrained guide system, fundamentally ensures that each blade is like sliding on an invisible, ultra-high-precision virtual track, and the linearity, stability and repeatability of its motion trajectory have reached extremely high levels.

[0068] Furthermore, to achieve encapsulation, protection, and structural reinforcement of the entire internal precision structure, the aperture structure proposed in this embodiment also includes an upper fixing cover 8 and a lower fixing cover 9, which are detachably connected to the upper and lower ends of the fixing base 1, respectively. These two covers together form a sealed chamber, isolating the core components such as the blades 3, turntable 2, and drive assembly 4 from the external environment, effectively preventing the intrusion of dust, moisture, or other contaminants that may affect the movement accuracy of the mechanism and the cleanliness of the optical system.

[0069] To achieve lightweighting and eliminate internal light reflections, the upper and lower fixing covers 8 and 9 can be injection-molded from engineering plastics with excellent dimensional stability. They can be removably connected to the fixing base 1 using conventional methods in the art, such as micro screws, snap-fit ​​structures, or interference fits, to facilitate assembly and necessary maintenance.

[0070] Specifically, the upper fixed cover 8 mainly covers and protects the drive assembly 4 located at the top. More importantly, it also assumes the key function of accurately positioning and firmly pressing the FPC assembly 42 serving as the stator on the fixing base 1. Through this pressing and fixing, it is ensured that when the induction coil 421 is energized to generate an electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic force generated between it and the magnetic part 41 on the turntable 2 can be completely and effectively converted into a torque that drives the turntable 2 to rotate, rather than causing the FPC assembly 42 itself to move or vibrate. This stable stator structure is the basic guarantee for the entire drive system to work accurately and reliably. Its shape and structure can be designed to adapt to the contours of components such as the FPC assembly 42. While providing protection, it can also play a certain role in limiting or pressing, ensuring the assembly stability of electronic components in a vibration environment.

[0071] The lower fixed cover 9 not only has the function of sealing and holding the bottom components such as the aperture plate 6, but is also designed as a functional structural component. Specifically, the lower fixed cover 9 is provided with a plurality of first avoidance holes 91 that completely correspond to the positions of the plurality of directional guide columns 11 on the fixed seat 1. Since the directional guide columns 11 are the structural references fixed on the fixed seat 1, these avoidance holes provide the necessary passages for the installation of the lower fixed cover 9, so that the cover plate can be precisely fitted with the lower end surface of the fixed seat 1 without interfering with these key guide structures. In addition, the lower fixed cover 9 is also provided with second avoidance holes 92 corresponding to the rotation paths of the plurality of power guide columns 21. Since the power guide columns 21 are connected to the turntable 2 and move in a circular motion therewith, these second avoidance holes 92 must be designed as arc-shaped through holes with a specific curvature and arc length. Their sizes and positions have been precisely calculated to ensure that during the entire rotational stroke of the turntable 2 from fully open to fully closed, the bottom of the power guide column 21 can always move within these holes without any collision with the lower fixed cover 9.

[0072] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the optical path from the objective lens to the image plane is unobstructed, the entire stacked structure of this embodiment is concentrically designed around the central optical axis defined by the light hole 61 on the aperture plate 6. Figure 3 、 Figures 10 to 17Specifically, all core components located on the optical path, including the fixing base 1, the turntable 2, the FPC assembly 42, the upper fixing cover 8 and the lower fixing cover 9, are provided with a central through hole concentric with the light-through hole 61 at their center position. Moreover, the apertures of these central through holes located on other components are designed to be greater than or equal to the aperture of the light-through hole 61 on the aperture plate 6. This concentric through hole design throughout ensures that in any working state, the only ones that play a decisive role in limiting the light flux are the adjustment hole 5 surrounded by the blades 3 and the light-through hole 61 as its maximum boundary, thereby avoiding unnecessary obstruction or diffraction of the imaging light beam by other structural parts and ensuring the quality of the final imaging.

[0073] In summary, this embodiment provides an aperture structure with excellent performance by converting rotary drive into linear execution through a motion conversion mechanism and a series of precise matching and limiting structures. It has significant advantages such as compact structure, smooth operation, regular hole shape, precise control, and high reliability.

[0074] The above are implementation methods provided in conjunction with specific content, and the specific implementation of this application is not limited to these descriptions. Any method structure that is similar to the method structure of this application, or any technical deduction or replacement based on the concept of this application, should be considered as the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An aperture structure, characterized in that: include: A fixing seat (1), wherein a first central through hole is provided at the center of the fixing seat (1), and a plurality of directional guide columns (11) serving as static guide references are provided; A turntable (2) having a second central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole at its center and capable of rotating relative to the fixed seat (1) about its central axis, and a plurality of power guide columns (21) serving as dynamic drive sources are provided on the turntable (2); A plurality of blades (3) together enclose an adjustment hole (5) for adjusting the aperture size, each of the blades (3) being provided with a guide structure (31), the guide structure (31) being in sliding cooperation with a directional guide column (11) on the fixing seat (1) to limit the movement of the blade (3) along a straight line, and being in sliding cooperation with a power guide column (21) on the turntable (2) to receive a driving force transmitted when the turntable (2) rotates; and a driving assembly (4) for driving the turntable (2) to rotate, so that the blade (3) moves along the linear trajectory under the driving force, thereby changing the size of the adjustment hole (5).

2. The aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of blades (3) are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner with the central axis of the turntable (2) as the center.

3. The aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each blade (3) has an inner edge (32), and the inner edges (32) of the plurality of blades (3) collectively form a centrally symmetrical adjustment hole (5).

4. The aperture structure according to claim 1, wherein: The adjustment hole (5) is a regular polygon.

5. The aperture structure according to claim 1, wherein: The guide structure (31) comprises a plurality of directional grooves (311) uniformly arranged on both sides of the blade (3) for cooperating with the directional guide pillar (11), and a power groove (312) for cooperating with the power guide pillar (21) is provided between the directional grooves (311) on both sides.

6. The aperture structure according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an aperture plate (6), which is arranged on one side of the plurality of blades (3), and is provided with a light-through hole (61) that determines the maximum aperture.

7. The aperture structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The aperture plate (6) is provided with a limiting hole (62) that cooperates with the directional guide column (11) to prevent the aperture plate (6) from rotating; The aperture plate (6) is provided with an arc-shaped limiting hole (63) for the power guide column (21) to pass through and for limiting the rotation range of the power guide column (21).

8. The aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The driving component (4) is an electromagnetic driving component, comprising: A plurality of magnetic members (41) arranged on the turntable (2); An FPC component (42), wherein a third central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is provided at the center of the FPC component (42), and an induction coil (421) is provided on the FPC component (42); The induction coil (421) and the magnetic member (41) electromagnetically act to drive the turntable (2) to rotate.

9. The aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A drag-reducing rotation assembly (7) for reducing rotational damping is further provided between the fixing seat (1) and the turntable (2). The drag-reducing rotation assembly (7) comprises a plurality of mounting grooves (71) provided on the fixing seat (1), each mounting groove (71) having a built-in ball (72), and a plurality of rolling connection portions (22) in point contact with the ball (72) are evenly provided on the lower edge of the turntable (2).

10. The aperture structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes an upper fixing cover (8) and a lower fixing cover (9) which are detachably connected to the upper end and the lower end of the fixing seat (1) respectively; A fourth central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is provided at the center of the upper fixed cover (8); A fifth central through hole coaxial with the first central through hole is provided at the center of the lower fixed cover (9); The lower fixed cover (9) is provided with a plurality of first avoidance holes (91) corresponding to the directional guide pillars (11); and a plurality of second avoidance holes (92) corresponding to the rotation paths of the power guide pillars (21); A plurality of limiting grooves (13) for limiting the rotation radius of the turntable (2) are evenly provided along the inner side wall of the fixing seat (1), and a plurality of limiting ends (23) for cooperating with the limiting grooves (13) are provided along the circumference of the turntable (2); A plurality of inwardly cantilevered limiting blocks (14) are evenly arranged on the upper edge of the fixing seat (1).

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