Protective plate for vehicle and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a protection plate for a vehicle and the vehicle. The protection plate of the vehicle comprises a base material and a hydrophobic coating arranged on the surface of the base material, the hydrophobic coating comprises a bottom coating and a surface layer arranged on the side, away from the base material, of the bottom coating, the bottom coating comprises first resin, the surface energy of the first resin is smaller than or equal to 30 mN / m, and the surface layer comprises hydrophobic particles.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a protective plate for a vehicle and the vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The protective plate (for example, a bottom protective plate) of the prior art vehicle cannot prevent icing. When the vehicle runs in a low-temperature environment, icing on the protective plate may occur. The main current deicing methods include mechanical deicing or thermal deicing, but these deicing methods have the disadvantages of slow deicing speed, poor deicing effect, and the need for additional manpower investment. Furthermore, due to the presence of dirt such as coal ash and mud in the driving conditions of the vehicle, the ice layer attached to the protective plate may be mixed with coal ash and mud, further increasing the difficulty of deicing. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application is made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a protective plate for a vehicle, which includes a substrate and a hydrophobic coating layer provided on the surface of the substrate, the hydrophobic coating layer including a primer layer and a surface layer provided on the side of the primer layer away from the substrate, the primer layer including a first resin, the surface energy of the first resin being less than or equal to 30 mN / m, and the surface layer including hydrophobic particles.

[0004] The hydrophobic coating layer with excellent hydrophobic properties is obtained by combining the surface hydrophobic particles with the low-surface-energy resin material. Since the liquid droplets are difficult to stay on the surface of the coating layer, the liquid droplets are easy to slide off, so that the protective plate can prevent water, icing, and fogging, improve the cleaning efficiency of the vehicle, and especially reduce the safety hazards to new energy vehicles.

[0005] In any embodiment, the first resin includes one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and fluorinated polysiloxane.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first resin includes a fluorine-containing resin.

[0007] The fluorine-containing resin has good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, and can make the dirt flow down with water while improving the anti-icing property of the protective plate, thereby improving the self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0008] In any embodiment, the primer layer further includes a second resin, and the second resin includes one or more of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane, and polyester resin.

[0009] The second resin can provide good adhesion between the hydrophobic coating layer and the substrate, thereby improving the service life of the protective plate.

[0010] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100-40:100.

[0011] The protective plate with the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin in the primer layer within the above range can have good hydrophobicity and long service life.

[0012] In any embodiment, the thickness of the primer layer is greater than or equal to 30 μm, and is optionally 30 μm-200 μm.

[0013] The primer layer with the thickness within the above range can provide sufficient adhesion for the hydrophobic coating to provide hydrophobic protection.

[0014] In any embodiment, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10 nm-1000 nm.

[0015] The nano-sized hydrophobic particles are distributed in the micron-sized resin particles of the primer layer, generating a biomimetic lotus leaf structure, so that the hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic coating is further improved. Moreover, the nano-sized hydrophobic particles can achieve more compact packing, so that higher bonding strength is generated between the hydrophobic particles and between the hydrophobic particles and the primer layer, improving the impact resistance of the hydrophobic coating and improving the service life.

[0016] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic particles include one or more of silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and modified materials thereof.

[0017] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic particles include fluorinated silica particles.

[0018] The fluorinated silica particles can improve the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic particles on one hand, and can simultaneously repel oil while being hydrophobic on the other hand, so that water droplets can carry away surface stains while sliding, and can have a self-cleaning effect while preventing icing.

[0019] In any embodiment, the thickness of the top layer is 100 nm-80 μm, and is optionally 10 μm-50 μm.

[0020] The hydrophobic coating with the top layer within the above range can increase the surface roughness, forming more obvious micro-protrusion structures, and further improving the icing prevention and self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0021] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the primer layer to the top layer is 8:1-12:1.

[0022] The hydrophobic coating with the mass ratio of the primer layer to the top layer within the above range has good icing prevention and service life.

[0023] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a thickness of greater than or equal to 40 μm, optionally 40 μm to 300 μm.

[0024] The hydrophobic coating having a thickness in the above range has good anti-icing property and service life.

[0025] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle with water of greater than or equal to 120°.

[0026] The protective panel having a static contact angle with water in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0027] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a rolling angle with water of less than or equal to 20°.

[0028] The protective panel having a rolling angle with water in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0029] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle with n-hexadecane of greater than or equal to 120°.

[0030] The protective panel having a static contact angle with n-hexadecane in the above range has good self-cleaning ability.

[0031] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a rolling angle with n-hexadecane of less than or equal to 20°.

[0032] The protective panel having a rolling contact angle with n-hexadecane in the above range has good self-cleaning ability.

[0033] In any embodiment, the ice layer on the protective panel has a bonding force of less than or equal to 2 N / cm 2 .

[0034] The ice layer on the protective panel having a bonding force in the above range has good anti-icing property on the protective panel.

[0035] In any embodiment, the protective panel has a de-icing rate of greater than or equal to 50%.

[0036] The protective panel having a de-icing rate in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0037] In any embodiment, the substrate comprises a metallic material, optionally an aluminum alloy.

[0038] In any embodiment, the protective panel is a bottom protective panel.

[0039] The second aspect of the present application also provides a vehicle comprising the protective panel of the first aspect.

[0040] In any embodiment, the vehicle is a new energy vehicle.

[0041] The protective plate applied to the new energy vehicle can improve the cleaning efficiency and the safety of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of ice adhesion test on the protective plate of an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of ice shedding rate test of the protective plate of an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 is a surface scanning electron microscope image of the primer layer of an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 is a surface scanning electron microscope image of the hydrophobic coating layer of an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 5 is a test result diagram of the water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating layer of an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6 is a test result diagram of the n-hexadecane contact angle of the hydrophobic coating layer of an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Hereinafter, embodiments of the protective plate of the vehicle and the vehicle of the present application are specifically disclosed in detail with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. However, there will be cases where unnecessary detailed description is omitted. For example, there will be cases where detailed description of matters that are well known, repeated description of substantially the same structure, are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the present application, and are not intended to limit the subject matter recited in the claims.

[0050] " range " disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of special range. The scope limited in this way can be to include end value or not include end value, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can form a range with any upper limit combination. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for specific parameters, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range value 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range value 3,4 and 5 are listed, then the following range can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range " ab " represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are all real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed herein, and "0-5" is simply an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "include" and "comprising" used in this application may be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or that only the listed components are included.

[0055] If not specifically stated, the term "or" in this application is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, any of the following satisfy the condition "A or B": A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present); A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present); or both A and B are true (or present).

[0056] When a vehicle operates in a low-temperature environment, ice may form on the protective plate. For new energy vehicles, ice on the protective plate may bring ice into the battery swap station and cause water dripping during charging. The main ice removal methods currently include mechanical ice removal and thermal ice removal. Mechanical ice removal requires first breaking the ice layer using a mechanical method and then using a high-temperature water flow to reduce the adhesion of the ice layer to remove the ice layer. These operations have a large scraping force on the battery frame and the underbody protective plate of the new energy vehicle, which may cause wear and damage to the battery pack. Using hot air or hot water to melt the ice layer may cause the battery to fail at high temperatures.

[0057] Therefore, the present application provides a protective plate for a vehicle, which comprises a substrate and a hydrophobic coating layer arranged on the surface of the substrate. The hydrophobic coating layer comprises a primer layer and a surface layer arranged on the side of the primer layer away from the substrate. The primer layer comprises a first resin, and the surface energy of the first resin is less than or equal to 30 mN / m. The surface layer comprises hydrophobic particles.

[0058] Surface energy refers to the fact that a particle on the surface is subjected to an unbalanced force. To move the internal particle to the surface, the inward attraction must be overcome, that is, a new surface must be created to resist the action of internal attraction. At a certain temperature and pressure, the reversible non-expansion work required to increase the unit surface is the surface energy of the solid. The unit is mN / m or J / m 2 .

[0059] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the first resin can be 30 mN / m, 28 mN / m, 25 mN / m, 23 mN / m, 20 mN / m, 18 mN / m, 15 mN / m, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0060] The surface of the hydrophobic particles generally has hydrophobicity, and water on the surface has a large contact angle in the form of water droplets.

[0061] The combination of surface hydrophobic particles and low-surface-energy resin materials can obtain a hydrophobic coating layer with excellent hydrophobic properties. Since liquid droplets are difficult to stay on the surface of the coating layer, the liquid droplets easily slide off, so that the protective plate can have the functions of water prevention, ice prevention, and fog prevention, improve the cleaning efficiency of the vehicle, and especially reduce the safety hazards to new energy vehicles.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first resin comprises one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated polysiloxane.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first resin comprises a fluorine-containing resin.

[0064] The fluorine-containing resin has both good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, which can improve the anti-icing performance of the protective plate and make the dirt flow down with water, thereby improving the self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0065] In some embodiments, the primer layer further comprises a second resin, and the second resin comprises one or more of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane, and polyester resin.

[0066] The second resin can provide good adhesion between the hydrophobic coating and the substrate, thereby improving the service life of the protective plate.

[0067] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100-40:100.

[0068] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin can be 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0069] The protective plate with the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin in the primer layer within the above range can have both good hydrophobicity and long service life.

[0070] In some embodiments, the thickness of the primer layer is greater than or equal to 30 μm, and can be 30 μm-200 μm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the thickness of the primer layer can be 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0072] The thickness of the primer layer within the above range can provide sufficient adhesion for the hydrophobic coating to provide hydrophobic protection.

[0073] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10 nm-1000 nm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles can be selected from 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0075] The nano-sized hydrophobic particles are distributed in the micron-sized resin particles of the primer layer, creating a biomimetic lotus leaf structure, so that the hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic coating is further improved. Moreover, the nano-sized hydrophobic particles can achieve more compact packing, so that the binding strength between the hydrophobic particles and between the hydrophobic particles and the primer layer is higher, improving the impact resistance of the hydrophobic coating and improving the service life.

[0076] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic particles include one or more of silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and modified materials thereof.

[0077] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic particles include fluorinated silica particles.

[0078] In some embodiments, the fluorinated silica particles include one or more of fluorine-containing substance-coated silica particles and fluorine-containing group-grafted silica particles.

[0079] In some embodiments, the fluorinated silica particles are prepared by hydrolytic co-condensation of fluorine-containing silicate and silicate on the surface of silica particles. In some embodiments, the method for preparing the fluorinated silica particles is to prepare the fluorinated silica particles by hydrolytic co-condensation of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and sodium methyl silicate in an ethanol suspension of silica nanoparticles.

[0080] The fluorinated silica particles can improve the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic particles on the one hand, and can simultaneously repel oil while being hydrophobic on the other hand, so that water droplets can carry away surface stains while sliding, and can also have a self-cleaning effect while preventing icing.

[0081] In some embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer is 100 nm-80 μm, which can be selected from 10 μm-50 μm.

[0082] In some embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer can be selected from 100 nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0083] The hydrophobic coating with the surface layer in the above range can increase the surface roughness, form more obvious micro-structure, and further improve the anti-icing and self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0084] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the primer layer to the surface layer is 8:1-12:1.

[0085] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the primer layer to the surface layer is 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0086] The hydrophobic coating with the mass ratio of the primer layer to the surface layer in the above range has good anti-icing property and service life.

[0087] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating is greater than or equal to 40 μm, which can be optionally 40 μm-300 μm.

[0088] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating can be optionally 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0089] The hydrophobic coating with the thickness in the above range has good anti-icing property and service life.

[0090] In some embodiments, the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating to water is greater than or equal to 120°.

[0091] In some embodiments, the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating to water can be optionally 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175°, or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0092] The static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating to water can be tested by any known method in the art. As an example, refer to GB / T 26490 “Nano-material super-amphiphobic performance testing method” for testing. Specifically, place the droplet needle 10 mm-20 mm above the sample, set the test droplet volume to 5 μL-10 μL, press the needle tube titration operation key, and the needle slowly drops 5 μL-10 μL of deionized water, slowly raises the sample stage to make the sample surface contact the droplet, and then slowly lowers the sample stage to separate the droplet from the needle; randomly select 3 positions on the surface of the coating sample piece for testing, with at least 6 mm between each point, and 3 data as a group. Measure the water droplet contact angle by microscope photography, and determine 3 sets of static contact angle data from 3 samples, and take the average value as the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating to water.

[0093] The protective panel having a hydrophobic coating with a static contact angle to water in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0094] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle to water of less than or equal to 20°.

[0095] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle to water of 20°, 15°, 10°, 9°, 8°, 7°, 6°, 5°, 4°, 3°, 2°, 1°, or any numerical range between any two of these values.

[0096] The roll-off angle can be tested in any manner known in the art. As an example, the test is performed according to ISO 19403-7 “Paints and varnishes - Hydrophilicity - Part 7: Contact angle measurement on inclined platform (roll-off angle)”. The test sample is placed horizontally with the coating facing up, a level (with an accuracy of 0.1°) is used to ensure that the test sample is at 0° to the horizontal and is placed on the surface of the test sample; a drop of liquid (with a volume of 15-70 μL) is gently placed on the surface of the coating; once the drop is stable, the surface of the sample is slowly inclined using an inclined platform and the reading on the level at which the drop just rolls off the surface of the sample is recorded as the roll-off angle in degrees; three samples are tested to obtain three sets of roll-off angle data, and the average value is taken as the roll-off angle of the hydrophobic coating to water.

[0097] The protective panel having a hydrophobic coating with a roll-off angle to water in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0098] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle to n-hexadecane of greater than or equal to 120°.

[0099] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle to n-hexadecane of 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175°, or any numerical range between any two of these values.

[0100] The test method for the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating to n-hexadecane is as described above.

[0101] The protective panel having a hydrophobic coating with a static contact angle to n-hexadecane in the above range has good self-cleaning ability.

[0102] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle to n-hexadecane of less than or equal to 20°.

[0103] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle to n-hexadecane of 20°, 15°, 10°, 9°, 8°, 7°, 6°, 5°, 4°, 3°, 2°, 1°, or any numerical range between any two of these values. The test method for the roll-off angle is as described above.

[0104] The hydrophobic coating has good self-cleaning ability for the protective plate with the rolling contact angle of n-hexadecane in the above range.

[0105] In some embodiments, the ice layer adhesion on the protective plate is less than or equal to 2 N / cm 2 .

[0106] In some embodiments, the ice layer adhesion on the protective plate can be selected as 2 N / cm 2 , 1.5 N / cm 2 , 1 N / cm 2 , 0.5 N / cm 2 , or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0107] The ice layer adhesion on the protective plate can be obtained by any known method in the art. As an example, the test method is shown in Figure 1 , the protective plate is placed horizontally in a refrigeration and freezing environment at -15°C, and frozen for 1 h. A cylindrical or cuboid grinding tool is selected, supercooled water is injected into the grinding tool, and the grinding tool after injecting the cooled water is vertically inverted on the surface of the horizontal sample plate and frozen for 24 h. After completing the freezing, the sample is fixed on the horizontal cold table, and the push-pull force meter is used to push the ice column away from the surface of the sample along the horizontal direction, and the maximum push force F on the push-pull force meter is recorded. At the same time, at least 5 tests are performed for each sample in the test to obtain the average push force value to reduce the error, and the adhesion strength τ of the ice layer and the protective plate is calculated by the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Wherein, A is the solid / ice interface contact area, i.e. the cross-sectional area of the ice column, with the unit of cm 2 ; F is the maximum shear force, i.e. the maximum push force when the ice column is pushed away from the surface of the solid, which can be directly read from the push-pull force meter, with the unit of N.

[0110] The ice layer adhesion on the protective plate in the above range makes the ice layer on the protective plate easy to remove.

[0111] In some embodiments, the ice shedding rate of the protective plate is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0112] The ice shedding rate of the protective plate can be obtained by any known method in the art. As an example, the test method is shown in Figure 2As shown, the protective plate provided by the embodiment of the present application and the protective plate (control group) with the same area without a hydrophobic coating were placed in a refrigeration and freezing environment at -15°C, the angle between the sample plate and the horizontal plane was 30°, and after freezing for 1 h, 0°C supercooled water was sprayed on the surface of the sample plate. When the supercooled water was sprayed, the nozzle was perpendicular to the sample plate, and the distance was 20 cm. After spraying for 1 time, 3 min was needed to spray for 1 time again to prevent the supercooled water from dripping due to insufficient freezing. After the cumulative spraying number reached 50 times, the sample plate was frozen for 0.5 h, and the weight before and after icing of the sample plate was measured and recorded. The deicing rate was calculated by dividing the ice amount of the sample plate in the control group by the ice amount of the sample plate in the embodiment. Each sample was tested at least 5 times to obtain the average value. The experimental schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 1. Figure 2

[0113] In some embodiments, the deicing rate of the protective plate can be 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or any numerical range between any two of them.

[0114] The protective plate with the deicing rate in the above range has good anti-icing property.

[0115] In some embodiments, the substrate comprises a metal material, which can be an aluminum alloy.

[0116] In some embodiments, the protective plate is a bottom protective plate.

[0117] The second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle comprising the protective plate of any embodiment.

[0118] In some embodiments, the vehicle is a new energy vehicle.

[0119] The protective plate applied to the new energy vehicle can improve the cleaning efficiency and the safety of the vehicle.

[0120] Embodiments

[0121] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present application will be described. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. If the specific technology or condition is not indicated in the embodiments, the technology or condition described in the literature in the art or according to the product instruction is used. If the reagent or instrument used is not indicated by the manufacturer, it is a conventional product that can be obtained by market purchase.

[0122] Embodiment 1

[0123] Preparation of the protective plate:

[0124] The dust, oil stains and impurities on the surface of the aluminum plate substrate were cleaned by using a surface cleaner to obtain a substrate without dust and oil stains.​

[0125] Primer preparation: 0.7 kg of epoxy resin (second resin), 0.3 kg of fluorinated polyurethane resin (first resin), 0.28 kg of diluent (solvent mixed by ethanol and ethyl acetate according to the volume ratio of 1:1), 0.07 kg of isocyanate curing agent were weighed and mixed uniformly to obtain a primer, and the surface energy of the first resin in the primer was 30 mN / m.

[0126] Topcoat preparation: fluorine-modified nano-hydrophobic silica particles were dispersed in the above diluent, and the solid content was 5%; the average particle size of the fluorinated silica particles was 300 nm.

[0127] The preparation method of the fluorinated silica particles was to prepare fluorine-modified nano-hydrophobic silica particles by hydrolysis co-condensation of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and sodium methyl silicate in an ethanol suspension of silica nanoparticles.

[0128] After cleaning the surface of the substrate, the primer was sprayed on the surface of the cleaned aluminum plate of the substrate by spraying method to prepare the primer coating, the spraying pressure was 2.0-4.0 bar, the spraying distance was 15-20 cm, and after drying at room temperature for 10 minutes, the topcoat was sprayed on the surface of the primer coating, the spraying pressure was 2.0-4.0 bar, the spraying distance was 20-25 cm, and after drying at room temperature for 30 minutes, the topcoat was obtained; the mass ratio of the sprayed primer to the topcoat was 1:1, and the mass ratio of the primer coating to the topcoat after drying was 10:1.

[0129] The total thickness of the hydrophobic coating was 70 μm; wherein the thickness of the primer coating was 50 μm, and the thickness of the topcoat was 20 μm.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] Example 2 and Example 1 were basically the same in preparation method, except that the nano-silica particles in Example 2 were not fluorine-modified.

[0132] Example 3

[0133] Example 2 and Example 1 were basically the same in preparation method, except that the silica particles in Example 3 were micron-sized, and the average particle size of the silica particles was 1.2 μm.

[0134] Example 4

[0135] Example 4 and Example 1 were basically the same in preparation method, except that the primer coating in Example 4 only included fluorine-containing resin, and did not include non-fluorine resin.

[0136] Comparative Example 1

[0137] Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 were prepared by substantially the same method, except that Comparative Example 1 was only sprayed with the primer without the topcoat.

[0138] II. Analysis of test results of each example and comparative example

[0139] The batteries of each example and comparative example were prepared according to the above method, and each performance parameter was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0140] Table 1

[0141]

[0142] According to the above results, each example achieved good results in the anti-icing effect. Among them, in Example 4, the adhesion to the substrate was reduced due to the absence of the second resin, which could not meet the needs of long-term use.

[0143] Examples 1, 3 and 4 have further improved self-cleaning effect of the bottom plate compared with Example 2.

[0144] The surface morphology of the primer layer in Example 1 is shown in Figure 3 , and the surface morphology after spraying the topcoat is shown in Figure 4 . As can be seen from the figures, the surface roughness of the protective plate is significantly increased after spraying the topcoat, forming a significant micro-nano structure, which is beneficial to further improve the hydrophobicity. The test figures of the water contact angle and the n-hexadecane contact angle of the hydrophobic coating in Example 1 are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 . The test shows that the hydrophobic coating has high water contact angle and n-hexadecane contact angle, indicating that it has good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, and has good self-cleaning ability.

[0145] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are only examples, and embodiments having the same technical idea and playing the same role and effect within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, within the scope of the main idea of the present application, various modifications of the embodiments that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and other ways constructed by combining part of the constituent elements of the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fender for a vehicle, characterized in that The protective plate comprises a substrate and a hydrophobic coating layer arranged on the surface of the substrate, the hydrophobic coating layer comprises a primer layer and a surface layer arranged on the side of the primer layer away from the substrate, the primer layer comprises a first resin, the surface energy of the first resin is less than or equal to 30 mN / m, and the surface layer comprises hydrophobic particles.

2. The guard plate of claim 1, wherein The first resin comprises one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and fluorinated polysiloxane.

3. A shield according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that The primer layer further comprises a second resin, and the second resin comprises one or more of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane, and polyester resin.

4. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100-40:

100.

5. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The thickness of the primer layer is greater than or equal to 30 μm, and is optionally 30 μm-200 μm.

6. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10 nm-1000 nm.

7. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The hydrophobic particles comprise one or more of silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and modified materials thereof.

8. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The hydrophobic particles comprise fluorinated silica particles.

9. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The thickness of the surface layer is 100 nm-80 μm, and is optionally 10 μm-50 μm.

10. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The mass ratio of the primer layer to the surface layer is 8:1-12:

1.

11. The guard plate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The hydrophobic coating layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) the thickness of the hydrophobic coating layer is greater than or equal to 40 μm, and is optionally 40 μm-300 μm; (2) the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating layer to water is greater than or equal to 120°; (3) the rolling angle of the hydrophobic coating layer to water is less than or equal to 20°; (4) the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating layer to n-hexadecane is greater than or equal to 120°; (5) the rolling angle of the hydrophobic coating layer to n-hexadecane is less than or equal to 20°.

12. The guard plate of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The protective plate satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) the ice layer on the guard plate has a bonding force of less than or equal to 2 N / cm 2 ; (2) the ice shedding rate of the protective plate is greater than or equal to 50%.

13. The guard plate of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The substrate comprises a metal material, and is optionally an aluminum alloy.

14. The guard plate of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The protective plate is a bottom protective plate.

15. A vehicle, characterized by The vehicle comprises the protective plate according to any one of claims 1-14.

16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein, The vehicle is a new energy vehicle.

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