DC converter and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a direct current converter and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of electronic components. The DC converter comprises a switching tube, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a first inductor, a second inductor and a capacitor. Compared with a two-stage high-step-down-ratio converter in the related technology, the direct-current converter and the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that on one hand, the converter can complete voltage conversion only by one stage, and the efficiency is higher; and on the other hand, the converter only has one switching tube, so that the cost is lower.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of switching power supply, and particularly relates to a DC converter and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The non-isolated DC converter usually adopts the form of a switching power supply circuit, and common general circuit structures include a buck circuit structure, a boost circuit structure and a buck-boost circuit structure. The buck circuit structure generally includes an input end connected to a switching tube (such as a MOSFET), an inductor, a diode and an output capacitor. The switching tube is periodically turned on and turned off, and the energy storage and release of the inductor are used to achieve voltage reduction of the output voltage.

[0003] The DC converter in the related art has low efficiency and high cost, and in some cases cannot meet the actual needs.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a DC converter and an electronic device comprising the same, which at least partially overcomes the problem of low efficiency of the DC converter in the related art.

[0006] Other characteristics and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or will be learned by practice of the present disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a DC converter is provided, comprising a switching tube, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a first inductor, a second inductor and a capacitor; wherein the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode; the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the DC converter; one end of the second inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode, and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the output port of the DC converter;

[0008] One end of the first inductor is connected to the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter; one end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the second diode and the negative pole of the third diode respectively; the first pole of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the second diode respectively, and the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode; wherein the connection relationship of the switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor enables the DC converter to provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d 2 , wherein d represents the duty cycle of the switch tube.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first pole of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the second diode respectively, and the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor respectively;

[0010] The positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the first inductor respectively;

[0011] The positive pole of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative pole of the third diode respectively; the positive pole of the third diode is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter, the other end of the first inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively; the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first pole of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the second diode respectively, and the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor respectively; the positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor, one end of the first inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively; the positive pole of the second diode is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter and the other end of the first inductor respectively; the other end of the second inductor is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the second diode and the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter respectively; the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively;

[0014] The negative pole of the first diode is connected to the second pole of the switch tube and the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter respectively;

[0015] The positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the second inductor respectively;

[0016] The positive pole of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative pole of the third diode respectively;

[0017] One end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the second diode and the negative pole of the third diode respectively;

[0018] The other end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the first inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively;

[0019] One end of the first inductor is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter respectively, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter and the positive pole of the third diode respectively

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the DC converter only includes one switch tube.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the DC converter further includes an input port of the DC converter and an output port of the DC converter.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch tube is a field effect transistor (FET), a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

[0023] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, which includes the DC converter as described above.

[0024] The DC converter and the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure have the advantages that, compared with the two-stage high-voltage reduction ratio converter in the related art, on the one hand, the converter can complete voltage conversion in one stage, and has higher efficiency; on the other hand, the converter only has one switch tube, and has lower cost.

[0025] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. It is apparent that the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 A circuit connection schematic diagram of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 2 A control method of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 3A A circuit diagram of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 3B A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 3A in switch mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on is shown.

[0031] Figure 3C A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 3A in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off is shown.

[0032] Figure 4A A circuit diagram of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 4B A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 4A in switch mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on is shown.

[0034] Figure 4C A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 4A in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off is shown.

[0035] Figure 5A A circuit diagram of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 5B A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 5A in switch mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on is shown.

[0037] Figure 5C A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 5A in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off is shown.

[0038] Figure 6A A circuit diagram of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 6B A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 6A in switch mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on is shown.

[0040] Figure 6C A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter of Figure 6A in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off is shown; and

[0041] Figures 7A-7H The steady-state performance theoretical value and simulation value of the direct current converter in the embodiment of the present disclosure are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Example implementations will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example implementations may, however, be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of example implementations to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more implementations.

[0043] In addition, the accompanying drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Like reference numerals in the figures indicate like or similar parts, and thus repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0044] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure relates to an inductor. In order to facilitate understanding, the following first explains several terms related to the present disclosure.

[0045] A direct current-direct current converter (DC-DC converter) is a power converter that converts an input direct current voltage to an output direct current voltage at a different voltage level. Such converters are commonly used in electronic devices to ensure that the correct voltage is provided to electronic components on a circuit board by a power adapter. DC-DC converters can have different topologies, such as step-up, step-down, and step-up / down, to meet the needs of different application scenarios. By controlling the conduction and cutoff of switching elements (such as transistors), DC-DC converters can adjust the output voltage and current, and realize the function of energy conversion.

[0046] A non-isolated direct current converter is a direct current-direct current converter that has no electrical isolation between its input and output. This means that the input and output share the same ground or power line, and there is no physical isolation device (such as a transformer) separating them. Non-isolated direct current converters usually have a simple topology, are low in cost, high in efficiency, and small in size, and are suitable for some applications where isolation is not required. However, due to the lack of electrical isolation, the safety and transmission performance of non-isolated direct current converters may be affected, so in some applications, isolated direct current converters may be selected for use.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit connection of a direct current converter in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in FIG. 1, the direct current converter includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7, an eighth diode D8, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a third switch S3, a fourth switch S4, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, a first voltage sensor V1, a second voltage sensor V2, a first current sensor I1, a second current sensor I2, a first control circuit C1, and a second control circuit C2. Figure 1As shown, the direct current converter includes a switch tube S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2 and a capacitor C1. Among them, the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the direct current converter, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode; the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the direct current converter; one end of the second inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode, and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the output port of the direct current converter; one end of the first inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the output port of the direct current converter, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the direct current converter; one end of the capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode and the negative electrode of the third diode respectively; the first electrode of the switch tube is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the direct current converter and the negative electrode of the second diode respectively, and the second electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode; wherein the connection of the switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor enables the direct current converter to provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d 2 , wherein d represents the duty cycle of the switch tube. Among them, Figure 1 the other end A of the capacitor C1, the positive electrode B of the first diode D1, the other end C of the first inductor L1, one end D of the first inductor L1, the positive electrode E of the third diode D3, and the other end F of the second inductor can be connected differently, so that the direct current converter can provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d 2 , wherein d represents the duty cycle of the switch tube. The following will describe specific embodiments in combination with Figure 3A , 4A , 6A.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a family of single-stage high step-down ratio non-isolated direct current-direct current converters is provided. These converters are all new circuit topologies connected by 1 switch tube, 3 diodes, 2 inductors and 1 capacitor. Assuming that the duty cycle of the switch tube is d, these converters can provide a voltage gain of d 2 , all with the characteristics of high step-down ratio.

[0049] Compared with traditional two-stage high step-down ratio converters, the proposed converters have the following two advantages: on the one hand, these converters only need one stage to complete voltage conversion, so they are more efficient; on the other hand, these converters only have 1 switch tube, so they are more cost-effective and easier to control.

[0050] The present disclosure provides more efficient and economical converters for high step-down ratio application scenarios.

[0051] Figure 3AFIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3A As shown, the non-isolated DC converter includes a switch tube S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2 and a capacitor C1.

[0052] The first electrode of the switch tube S1 is connected to the positive electrode of the input port U1 of the DC converter and the negative electrode of the second diode D2, and the second electrode of the switch tube S1 is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode D1 and one end of the second inductor L2.

[0053] The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the first inductor L1 respectively; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube S1 and one end of the second inductor L2 respectively;

[0054] The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 respectively; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first terminal of the switch tube S1 and the anode of the input port U1 of the DC converter respectively;

[0055] The anode of the third diode D3 is respectively connected to the cathode of the input port U1 of the DC converter, the other end of the first inductor L1 and the cathode of the output port R1 of the DC converter; the cathode of the third diode D3 is respectively connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and one end of the capacitor C1;

[0056] One end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the second electrode of the switch S1 , and the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the anode of the output port R1 of the DC converter.

[0057] Figure 3B Show Figure 3A The circuit diagram of the DC converter in switching mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on. Figure 3B As shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned on, the first diode D1 and the second diode D3 are turned off, and the second diode D2 is turned on. The input port U1 of the DC converter charges the capacitor C1 through the second diode D2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store electrical energy. The circuit connection relationship formed is as follows Figure 3B shown.

[0058] Figure 3C Show Figure 3A The circuit diagram of the DC converter in switching mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off. Figure 3CAs shown in FIG. 1 , when the switch S1 is turned off, the first diode D1 and the third diode D3 are turned on, and the second diode D2 is turned off. The capacitor C1 discharges, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 release the stored energy and output it to the output port R1. The circuit connection relationship formed is as follows: Figure 3C shown.

[0059] Figure 4A FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4A As shown, the non-isolated DC converter includes a switch tube S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2 and a capacitor C1.

[0060] The first electrode of the switch tube S1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the input port U1 of the DC converter and the negative electrode of the second diode D2, and the second electrode of the switch tube S2 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the first diode D1 and one end of the second inductor L2; the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the first inductor L1, and the negative electrode of the output port R1 of the DC converter; the positive electrode of the second diode D2 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the input port U1 of the DC converter and the other end of the first inductor L1; the other end of the second inductor L2 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the positive electrode of the output port R1 of the DC converter.

[0061] Figure 4B Show Figure 4A The circuit diagram of the DC converter in switching mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on; Figure 4B As shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned on, the first diode D1 and the second diode D3 are turned off, and the second diode D2 is turned on. The input port U1 of the DC converter charges the capacitor C1 through the second diode D2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store electrical energy. The circuit connection relationship formed is as follows Figure 4B shown.

[0062] Figure 4C Show Figure 4A The circuit diagram of the DC converter in switching mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off. Figure 4C As shown in FIG. 1 , when the switch S1 is turned off, the first diode D1 and the third diode D3 are turned on, and the second diode D2 is turned off. The capacitor C1 discharges, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 release the stored energy and output it to the output port R1. The circuit connection relationship formed is as follows: Figure 4C shown.

[0063] Figure 5A FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5AAs shown, the non-isolated DC converter includes a switch tube S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2 and a capacitor C1. Among them:

[0064] The first pole of the switch tube S1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1, one end of the second inductor L2, the negative pole of the first diode D1, and one end of the capacitor C1, respectively;

[0065] The other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the negative pole of the third diode D3 and the positive pole of the input port U1 of the DC converter, respectively;

[0066] The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive pole of the third diode D3 and the negative pole of the second diode D2, respectively;

[0067] The positive pole of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the second diode D2, the negative pole of the output port R1 of the DC converter, and the negative pole of the input port U1 of the DC converter, respectively;

[0068] The other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the positive pole of the output port R1 of the DC converter;

[0069] The negative pole of the second diode D2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the positive pole of the third diode D3, respectively, and the positive pole of the second diode D2 is connected to the negative pole of the input port U1 of the DC converter, the negative pole of the output port R1 of the DC converter, and the positive pole of the first diode D1, respectively.

[0070] Figure 5B The circuit schematic diagram of the DC converter in switch mode 1 when the switch tube is turned on is shown in Figure 5A As shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned on, the first diode D1 and the second diode D3 are cut off, and at this time the second diode D2 is turned on; Figure 5B In the mode, the input port U1 of the DC converter and the capacitor C1 together provide energy for the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store electrical energy. The circuit connection relationship formed is as shown in Figure 5B . Figure 5B

[0071] The circuit schematic diagram of the DC converter in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off is shown in Figure 5C As shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned off, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are cut off, and at this time the second diode D3 is turned on; Figure 5A In the mode, the input port U1 of the DC converter and the capacitor C1 together provide energy for the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store electrical energy. The circuit connection relationship formed is as shown in Figure 5CAs shown, when the switch S1 is off, the first diode D1 and the third diode D3 are on, and the second diode D2 is off. The first inductor L1 releases the stored energy to the capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 is in a charging state. The second inductor L2 releases the stored energy to the output port R1. The circuit connection relationship formed is as shown in Figure 5C .

[0072] Figure 6A A circuit diagram of a direct current converter is shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the non-isolated direct current converter includes a switch S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and a capacitor C1. Figure 6A

[0073] The first pole of the switch S1 is connected to the negative pole of the second diode D2 and the positive pole of the input port U1 of the direct current converter, respectively.

[0074] The second pole of the switch S1 is connected to the negative pole of the first diode D1 and the positive pole of the output port R1 of the direct current converter, respectively.

[0075] The negative pole of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the switch S1 and the positive pole of the input port U1 of the direct current converter, respectively.

[0076] The positive pole of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the second inductor L2, respectively.

[0077] The positive pole of the second diode D2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the negative pole of the third diode D3, respectively.

[0078] One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive pole of the first diode D1 and one end of the second inductor L2. The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive pole of the second diode D2 and the negative pole of the third diode D3, respectively.

[0079] The other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and the negative pole of the output port R1 of the direct current converter, respectively.

[0080] One end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the other end of the second inductor L2 and the negative pole of the output port R1 of the direct current converter, respectively. The other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the negative pole of the input port U1 of the direct current converter and the positive pole of the third diode D3, respectively.

[0081] Figure 6B A circuit schematic diagram of the direct current converter in switch mode 1 when the switch is on is shown in Figure 6A . As shown, the non-isolated direct current converter includes a switch S1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and a capacitor C1. Figure 6B ​As shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned on, the first diode D1 and the second diode D3 are turned off, and at this time the second diode D2 is turned on, the input port U1 of the DC converter charges the capacitor C1 through the second diode D2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store energy. The circuit connection relationship formed is as shown in Figure 6B .

[0082] Figure 6C As shown Figure 6A , the circuit schematic diagram of the DC converter in switch mode 2 when the switch tube is turned off. As Figure 6C shown, when the switch tube S1 is turned off, the first diode D1 and the third diode D3 are turned on, and the second diode D2 is turned off. The capacitor C1 discharges, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 release the stored energy to the output port R1. The circuit connection relationship formed is as shown in Figure 6C .

[0083] In the above embodiments, the switch tube (such as transistor, field effect tube, etc.) plays a crucial role, mainly including the following points:

[0084] Voltage regulation: The switch tube can regulate the output voltage of the circuit by controlling the on and off states. In the on state, the switch tube can provide a path for energy transmission; in the off state, the switch tube can cut off the energy transmission of the circuit.

[0085] Current control: The switch tube can control the current in the circuit by adjusting the on state, achieving the regulation and protection of the output current.

[0086] Energy conversion: The switch tube plays a key role in non-isolated DC converter in energy conversion. By periodically switching, the DC energy of the input power is converted into the required energy of the output.

[0087] Efficiency optimization: By reasonably controlling the on and off of the switch tube, high-efficiency energy conversion can be achieved, improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0088] Protection function: The switch tube can be set with overload protection and over-temperature protection functions to ensure that the circuit and the switch tube itself are not damaged excessively during operation.

[0089] In the DC converter, the switch tube can adopt the following elements:

[0090] Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET): MOSFET is a switch tube element commonly used in switching circuits, with high efficiency, high-speed switching and low on-resistance, etc., suitable for medium and high frequency applications.

[0091] Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Bipolar transistors are also commonly used in switching circuits as switching tubes, suitable for low to medium frequency applications.

[0092] Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT): IGBT combines the advantages of MOSFET and BJT, commonly used in high-voltage, high-power switching circuits, with low on-state voltage drop and high switching speed.

[0093] Field Effect Transistor (FET): In addition to MOSFET, other types of field effect transistors can also be used as switching tubes, such as JFET, etc.

[0094] These components can be used as switching tubes in non-isolated DC-DC converters, with different characteristics and application ranges, and can be selected according to the specific circuit design requirements.

[0095] Figure 2 The control method of the DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, which can be applied to Figure 1 、 Figures 3A-6A DC-DC converter.

[0096] As shown in Figure 2 , step S202, a conduction trigger signal is sent to the switching tube of the DC-DC converter, so that the duty cycle of the switching tube is d. For example, the duty cycle of the switching tube can be controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) control. The duty cycle control of the switching tube uses pulse width modulation technology. Pulse width modulation PWM control controls the on-time of the switching tube by adjusting the pulse width. A microcontroller or a dedicated PWM control chip is usually used to generate the required PWM signal, thereby controlling the duty cycle of the switching tube. The duty cycle of the switching tube can also be controlled by analog control; in some applications, analog circuits can also be used to control the duty cycle of the switching tube. The on-time of the switching tube is indirectly controlled by adjusting the size of the control voltage or current, and the duty cycle is adjusted. In addition, digital control timing can be used to control the duty cycle of the switching tube. In some applications, digital control techniques such as digital signal processors (DSP) or programmable logic devices (FPGA) can be used to achieve precise control of the duty cycle of the switching tube.

[0097] Step S204, outputting a DC voltage through the output port of the DC-DC converter, so that the DC-DC converter can provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d2.

[0098] The DC-DC converter provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure proposes four high step-down ratio non-isolated DC-DC converters in total. As Figures 3A-6AAs shown in Figure 1, the four converters have the same components: one input port (U1), one output port (R1), one switch (S1), three diodes (D1 to D3), two inductors (L1 to L2), and one capacitor (C1). Assuming the duty cycle of the switch is d, the converters from 1 to 4 can all provide d. 2 The voltage gain, 1 / d 2 step-down ratio.

[0099] Principle analysis:

[0100] The four converters in the above embodiment of the present disclosure have only one switch tube. When they operate in the current continuous mode, they all operate in two switching modes. Figure 3A By periodically turning on and off the switch tube, these converters can periodically switch between switching mode 1 and switching mode 2 to achieve voltage conversion.

[0101] according to Figure 3A , 4A, 5A, 6A in the reference direction, define the following variables for the steady-state analysis of the converter: input port voltage (V U1 ), output port voltage (V R1 ), output resistance (R), switch off voltage (V S1 ), diode turn-off voltage (V D1 ~V D3 ), capacitor voltage (V C1 ) and the average inductor current (I L1 ~I L2 ).

[0102] Table 1 below shows the steady-state analysis results of the proposed converters. The voltage gains (V R1 / V U1 ) are all d 2 , and their switch voltage stress (V S1 / V U1 ) are all (1+d), the voltage stress of the three diodes (V D1 / V U1 ~V D3 / V U1 ) are d, 1, and 1, respectively. They differ in their inductor current, whether their input and output ports share a common ground, and whether the output port current is continuous. These varying characteristics provide a wider range of options for different application scenarios.

[0103] Number 1 Number 2 Number Number 4 V R1 / U1 ]] d 2 ]]> d 2 ]]> d 2 ]]> d 2 ]]> V S1 / V U1 ]]> 1+d 1+d 1+d 1+d V D1 / V U1 ]]> d d d d V D2 / V U1 ]]> 1 1 1 1 V D3 / V U1 ]]> 1 1 1 1 V C1 / V U1 ]]> d d(1- d d I L1 / V U1 ]]> (d 2 -d 3 ) / R]]> d 3 / R]] d 3 / R]] d 3 / R]] I L2 / V U1 ]]> d 2 / R]] d 2 / R]] d 2 / R]] (d 2 -d 3 ) / R]]> Input Co- Not co- Co- Not co- Output Continuous Not continuous Continuous Not continuous

[0104] Table 1 Steady-state analysis results of the DC converter disclosed in this disclosure

[0105] The following describes the simulation verification of the DC converter embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] The feasibility of the converter is verified by PSIM software simulation. The basic simulation parameters are set as follows: input port voltage V U1 =48V, inductor L1=L2=200uH, capacitor C1=200uF, load resistance R=1Ω, duty cycle d=[0.1,0.2,…,0.9]. Define the step-down ratio G dowm = input voltage divided by output voltage, as shown in the following formula (1). Under the above simulation parameter settings, the simulation results are shown in Figure 3.

[0107]

[0108] like Figures 7A-7H As shown, the steady-state performance theoretical value and simulation value of the DC converter in the embodiment of the present disclosure are shown, wherein, Figure 7A Shows the step-down ratio G down , Figure 7B Shows the switch voltage stress V S1 , Figure 7C Shows the diode voltage stress V D1 , Figure 7D Shows the diode voltage stress V D2 , Figure 7E Shows the diode voltage stress V D3 , Figure 7F The capacitor voltage V C1 , Figure 7G Shows the inductor current I L1 , Figure 7H Shows the inductor current I L2 The converter's steady-state characteristics obtained through simulation, including step-down ratio, switch voltage stress, diode voltage stress, capacitor voltage, and inductor current, are consistent with the theoretical analysis results in Table 1. This verifies the effectiveness of the converter and the correctness of the analysis results.

[0109] In addition, if Figure 7A As shown in the figure, the converters No. 1 to 4 all have the advantage of high step-down ratio. When the duty cycle d varies from 0.1 to 0.9, the step-down ratio of these four converters varies between about 100 and 1. In particular, when the duty cycle d = 0.2, the step-down ratio G of these four converters is 0. down =25. In this case, the 48V input voltage can be stepped down to 1.92V. Although the step-down ratios of the four converters are the same, their other characteristics are different. Figure 7F As shown, compared with the other three DC converters, Figure 4A The capacitor voltage of the DC converter V C1 is the smallest, and its value changes slightly with the change of duty cycle. Similarly, the inductor current IL1 and I L2 respectively in Figure 3A and Figure 6A minimum in the direct current converter.

[0110] A family of single-stage high step-down ratio non-isolated direct current-direct current converters is provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. These converters only need a small number of components and simple control to provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d 2 . These converters can be applied to data center power supply systems as the core circuit of high step-down ratio direct current converters.

[0111] Compared with traditional two-stage high step-down ratio converters, the proposed converters have the following two advantages: on the one hand, these converters only need one stage to complete voltage conversion, so their efficiency is higher; on the other hand, these converters only have one switch, so their cost is lower and they are easier to control.

[0112] Most of the current high step-down ratio direct current converter solutions are achieved by two-stage step-down or complex control. Compared with this method, the high step-down ratio provided by the present disclosure can achieve a large step-down ratio in a single stage, which helps to improve the efficiency of the power supply. In addition, since the converter of the present disclosure only needs one semiconductor switch, the cost is lower and the control is simpler.

[0113] The high step-down ratio direct current-direct current converter provided by the present disclosure has potential application value in scenarios where the voltage is greatly reduced. Data centers and microprocessor or chip power supplies are typical examples of such applications. For example, in a data center, the bus voltage is 48V, and the working voltage of the processor and the memory is 1V. At this time, the power conversion is realized by the high step-down ratio converter of the present disclosure. In addition, the family of low-cost, simple-to-control high step-down ratio direct current-direct current converters provided by the present disclosure can be applied to various power supplies to provide high-quality power supplies for various industrial applications.

[0114] In non-isolated direct current converters, capacitors play an important role, mainly including the following points:

[0115] Filtering effect: capacitors can act as filters to help reduce the ripple voltage at the output. The voltage output by the direct current-direct current converter may contain a certain ripple component, and the capacitor can smooth the output voltage by storing and releasing charge to reduce voltage fluctuations.

[0116] Stabilizing the output voltage: capacitors can act as voltage stabilizers in the circuit to help maintain a stable voltage at the output. When the load suddenly changes, the capacitor can provide additional charge or discharge to maintain the stability of the output voltage.

[0117] Improving Efficiency: By storing charge and energy in the capacitor, the power loss of frequently switched elements (such as the switch tube) in the circuit can be reduced, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the circuit.

[0118] In non-isolated DC-DC converters, inductors play an important role, mainly including the following points:

[0119] Energy Storage: Inductors can store electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field and then release it to the output load. In non-isolated DC-DC converters, inductors can smooth the output voltage by storing energy, reducing voltage ripple.

[0120] Current Smoothing: Inductors have a low-pass filtering effect on current, which can smooth the current waveform and reduce current ripple. This helps improve system stability and reduce noise.

[0121] Current Limiting: Inductors have an inertial effect on current changes, which can limit the sharp changes in current and stabilize circuit operation. By controlling the parameters of the inductor, the output current can be adjusted.

[0122] Improving Efficiency: By storing and releasing energy through inductors, the power loss of the switch tube can be reduced, and the efficiency of the circuit can be improved.

[0123] In non-isolated DC-DC converters, diodes play an important role, mainly including the following points:

[0124] Rectification: In DC-DC converters, diodes are usually used as rectifiers to convert alternating current signals into unidirectional direct current signals. Diodes can make current flow only in one direction, ensuring that the output end has a forward voltage.

[0125] Reverse Voltage Protection: Diodes can also be used as reverse voltage protection components to prevent damage to other components in the circuit from reverse voltage. When the voltage is reversed, the diode will be cut off, thereby protecting other components from damage.

[0126] Fast Discharge of Current: In switching power supply circuits, diodes can provide a path for rapid discharge of current, reducing the overvoltage and overcurrent phenomena that occur during the off process of the switch tube, protecting the switch tube.

[0127] Auxiliary Functions: In addition to the above functions, diodes can also be used for auxiliary functions in the circuit, such as temperature compensation, voltage stabilization, etc.

[0128] Furthermore, although individual steps of the methods in the disclosure are described in a particular order in the drawings, this is not required or implied as to the order of the steps or that all of the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps can be omitted, combined into a single step, performed in a different order, broken down into multiple steps, and / or the like.

[0129] Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the concepts disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A direct current converter, characterized by The switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor are connected as follows: The negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode; The positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the DC converter; One end of the second inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode, and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the output port of the DC converter; One end of the first inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the output port of the DC converter, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the DC converter; One end of the capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode and the negative electrode of the third diode respectively; The first electrode of the switch tube is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter and the negative electrode of the second diode respectively, and the second electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode; The connection relationship of the switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor enables the direct current converter to provide a step-down ratio of 1 / d 2 , wherein d represents a duty cycle of the switch tube.

2. The dc-dc converter of claim 1, wherein, The first electrode of the switch tube is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter and the negative electrode of the second diode respectively, and the second electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode and one end of the second inductor respectively; The positive electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the first inductor respectively; The positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative electrode of the third diode respectively, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the DC converter, the other end of the first inductor and the negative electrode of the output port of the DC converter respectively; and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the output port of the DC converter.

3. The dc-dc converter of claim 1, wherein, The first electrode of the switch tube is connected to the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter and the negative electrode of the second diode respectively, and the second electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode and one end of the second inductor respectively; the positive electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor, one end of the first inductor and the negative electrode of the output port of the DC converter respectively; the positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the negative electrode of the input port of the DC converter and the other end of the first inductor respectively; and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the positive electrode of the output port of the DC converter respectively.

4. The dc-dc converter of claim 1, wherein, The first electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the second diode and the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter respectively, and the second electrode of the switch tube is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode and the positive electrode of the output port of the DC converter respectively; The negative electrode of the first diode is connected to the second electrode of the switch tube and the positive electrode of the input port of the DC converter respectively; The positive electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the second inductor respectively; The positive electrode of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative electrode of the third diode respectively; One end of the capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode and one end of the second inductor, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode and the negative electrode of the third diode respectively. The other end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the first inductor, and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter; One end of the first inductor is connected to the other end of the second inductor, and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter; 5. A non-isolated dc-dc converter, characterized by, The first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor are included. The first pole of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the second diode, and the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor. The positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the first inductor. The positive pole of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative pole of the third diode, the positive pole of the third diode is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter, the other end of the first inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter, and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter.

6. A non-isolated dc-dc converter, characterized by, The first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor are included. The first pole of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the second diode, and the second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor.

7. A non-isolated dc-dc converter, comprising: The positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the first inductor, and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter. The positive pole of the second diode is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter and the other end of the first inductor. The first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor are included. The first pole of the switch tube is connected to one end of the first inductor, one end of the second inductor, the negative pole of the first diode and one end of the capacitor. The other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative pole of the third diode and the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter. The other end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the third diode and the negative pole of the second diode. The positive pole of the first diode is connected to the positive pole of the second diode, the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter and the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter. The other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter. The negative pole of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the positive pole of the third diode, and the positive pole of the second diode is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter, the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter and the positive pole of the first diode.

8. A non-isolated dc-dc converter, comprising: The switch tube, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode, the first inductor, the second inductor and the capacitor are included. The first pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the second diode and the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter. The second pole of the switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the first diode and the positive pole of the output port of the DC converter. The negative pole of the first diode is connected to the second pole of the switch tube and the positive pole of the input port of the DC converter. The positive pole of the first diode is connected to one end of the capacitor and one end of the second inductor. The positive pole of the second diode is connected to the other end of the capacitor and the negative pole of the third diode. One end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the first diode and one end of the second inductor, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the second diode and the negative pole of the third diode. The other end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the first inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter. One end of the first inductor is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the negative pole of the output port of the DC converter, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the negative pole of the input port of the DC converter and the positive pole of the third diode.

9. The dc-dc converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The DC converter only includes one switch tube.

10. The dc-dc converter of claim 9, wherein, The DC converter further includes: The input port of the DC converter and the output port of the DC converter. And / or The switch tube is a field effect transistor (FET), a bipolar transistor (BJT) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

11. An electronic device comprising the DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images