Cap and method for use with various injection pens and related devices

Abstract

A cap for use with various injection pens includes one or more adaptable elements. The one or more adaptable elements may be configured to removably couple the cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to caps for medication injection pens and medication therapy management. BACKGROUND

[0002] Injection pens for administration (also referred to as "medication administration pens," "administration pens," "medication injection pens," or "medicament injection pens") are used to deliver a variety of medications and to conduct medication-based therapies. For example, some therapies can include, but are not limited to, growth hormones, insulin, fertility medications, and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) treatment. SUMMARY

[0003] Various embodiments described below provide benefits and / or address one or more of the foregoing or other issues in the art with devices and methods for universal pen caps for medication injection pens. Embodiments include a pen cap for an injection pen, wherein the pen cap includes one or more adaptable elements. The adaptable elements are configured to removably couple the pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens.

[0004] Some embodiments include a pen cap for interfacing with an injection pen, wherein the pen cap includes a means for removably coupling the pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens.

[0005] Additional embodiments include a pen cap for interfacing with an injection pen, wherein the pen cap includes one or more adaptable elements. The adaptable elements are configured to removably couple the pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens. Further, the pen cap includes an electromechanical actuator. The electromechanical actuator is coupled to the one or more adaptable elements and is configured to actuate the one or more adaptable elements to adapt the one or more adaptable elements to a given geometry of a given injection pen.

[0006] Still other embodiments include a pen cap for interfacing with an injection pen, wherein the pen cap includes a means for removably coupling the pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens. The pen cap includes an electromechanical actuator that is operably coupled to the means and is configured to at least partially effectuate operation of the means.

[0007] Still other embodiments include a method of actuating an electromechanical pen cap, including detecting a pen cap event using one or more sensors and actuating a clasp mechanism in response to the event.

[0008] Other embodiments include a cap for interfacing with a medical injection pen, wherein the cap includes one or more adjustable floor elements. The adjustable floor elements are configured to adjust the distance of the injection pen insertion into the cap, and wherein the one or more adjustable floor elements include a floor block element that defines a cavity configured to accommodate the geometry of the injection pen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] Various embodiments and other features and details thereof will now be described and explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0010] FIG. 1A A side view of an injection pen inserted into a conventional cap is shown;

[0011] FIG. 1B A side view of an injection pen separated from a conventional cap is shown;

[0012] FIG. 2 A plurality of injection pens with associated conventional caps is shown;

[0013] FIG. 3A A side view of a universal cap in a disengaged configuration according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0014] FIG. 3B A side view of the universal cap in an engaged configuration is shown; FIG. 3A A side view of the universal cap is shown;

[0015] FIG. 4A A side view of a universal cap according to one or more additional embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0016] FIG. 4B A perspective view of the universal cap with a housing thereon is shown; FIG. 4A A perspective view of the universal cap of FIG. 4 is shown;

[0017] FIG. 5A An enlarged perspective view of a cam element of the universal cap of FIG. 4 is shown.

[0018] FIG. 5B An enlarged perspective view of the cam assembly of the universal cap of FIG. 4 along a first orientation is shown;

[0019] FIG. 5C An enlarged perspective view of the cam assembly of the universal cap of FIG. 4 along a second orientation is shown; FIG. 4A

[0020] FIG. 6A A side view of a universal cap in a disengaged position according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0021] FIG. 6B A side view of the universal cap in a disengaged position is shown; FIG. 6A ​a cross-sectional view of the universal cap;

[0022] FIG. 6C a side view of the universal cap in an engaged position; FIG. 6A and 6B a cross-sectional view of the universal cap;

[0023] FIG. 7A a side view of the universal cap disengaged from an injection pen, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 7B a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap; FIG. 7A

[0025] FIG. 7C a front view of the universal cap, as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap; FIG. 7A

[0026] a block diagram illustrating an operable connection between the universal cap and a mechanical-electrical actuator, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; FIG. 8 FIG. 7A a perspective view of the universal cap, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 9A a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap extending over an injection pen;

[0028] FIG. 9B FIG. 9A a side view of the universal cap, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 10A a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 10B a perspective view of the universal cap and a plurality of injection pens, according to one or more embodiments; FIG. 10A

[0031] FIG. 11A a perspective view of the universal cap and a plurality of injection pens, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 11B a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap and a plurality of injection pens; FIG. 11A

[0033] a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap with an injection pen inserted therein; FIG. 11C FIG. 11A a perspective view of the universal cap, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 12 a perspective view of the universal cap, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;​​​​​

[0035] FIG. 13A a perspective view of a universal cap is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments;

[0036] FIG. 13B a front view of the universal cap is shown in a disengaged configuration; FIG. 13A

[0037] FIG. 13C a front view of the universal cap is shown in an engaged configuration; FIG. 13A

[0038] FIG. 14 a block diagram showing an operable connection between the universal cap and an electromechanical actuator is shown; FIG. 13A

[0039] FIG. 15A a perspective view of a universal cap is shown in a disengaged configuration in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 15B a perspective view of the universal cap is shown in an engaged configuration in accordance with one or more embodiments; FIG. 15A

[0041] FIG. 15C a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap engaged with an injection pen is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments; FIG. 15A

[0042] FIG. 16 a block diagram showing an operable connection between the universal cap and an electromechanical actuator is shown; FIG. 15A

[0043] FIG. 17 a cross-sectional side view of a universal cap is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 18A a perspective view of a universal cap is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 18B a front view of the universal cap is shown looking along a longitudinal axis of the universal cap; FIG. 18A

[0046] FIG. 19A a perspective view of a universal cap is shown in an engaged configuration in accordance with one or more embodiments;

[0047] FIG. 19B a perspective view of the universal cap is shown in a disengaged configuration; FIG. 19A

[0048] FIG. 20A ​​​​​​​​shows a perspective view of a universal pen cap in an engaged configuration according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 20B is out of structure FIG. 20A A three-dimensional diagram of a universal pen cap;

[0050] FIG. 21A is a perspective view of a universal pen cap according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 21B It has an injection pen inserted into it FIG. 21A A side view of a universal pen cap;

[0052] FIG. 21C is in a state of detachment FIG. 21A and 22B A side view of a universal pen cap;

[0053] FIG. 21D is in a connected state FIGS. 21A-21C A side view of a universal pen cap;

[0054] FIG. 21E is in a connected state FIGS. 21A-21D A three-dimensional diagram of a universal pen cap;

[0055] FIG. 22A Shows that FIGS. 21A-21B A side view of a pen clicking mechanism for use with a universal pen cap;

[0056] FIG. 22B Shown in disengaged position FIG. 22A A three-dimensional diagram of the pen click mechanism;

[0057] FIG. 22C Shown in the engaged position FIG. 22A A three-dimensional diagram of the pen click mechanism;

[0058] FIG. 23A shows a perspective view of a universal pen cap with an electromechanical actuator according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG. 23B Shown FIG. 23A A cutaway perspective view of a universal pen cap;

[0060] FIG. 24 shows a semi-transparent side view of a floor plate element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG. 25A shows a perspective view of a universal pen cap with an adjustable base member according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG. 25B An exploded side view of a universal cap with an adjustable chassis element is shown. FIG. 25A

[0063] FIG. 26A A chassis block element partially inserted into a universal cap is shown according to one or more embodiments.

[0064] FIG. 26B A chassis block element with an injection pen inserted therein is shown. FIG. 26A

[0065] FIG. 27A A cross-sectional side view of a universal cap including an adjustable chassis system in a first position is shown according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0066] FIG. 27B A cross-sectional side view of a universal cap of FIG. 27A including an adjustable chassis system in a second position is shown.

[0067] FIG. 28A A cross-sectional side view of a universal cap including an adjustable chassis system in a first position is shown according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0068] FIG. 28B A cross-sectional side view of a universal cap of FIG. 28A including an adjustable chassis system in a second position is shown.

[0069] FIG. 29 A cross-sectional side view of a universal cap including an adjustable chassis system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0070] FIG. 30 A flowchart of a method of operation of a universal cap according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0071] FIG. 31 A block diagram of an exemplary system including a universal cap, one or more sensors, and an electromechanical actuator according to one or more examples is shown.

[0072] FIG. 32 A flowchart of a method for actuating one or more adaptable elements of a universal cap is shown.

[0073] FIG. 33 A flowchart of a method for actuating one or more adaptable elements of a universal cap is shown; and

[0074] FIG. 34 A flowchart of an exemplary computing device according to one or more embodiments is shown. ​​

[0075] FIG. 35 A schematic view of an exemplary computing device is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0076] FIG. 36A A side view exploded view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with another embodiment.

[0077] FIG. 36B A side view exploded view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with another embodiment. FIG. 36A A side view exploded view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with another embodiment.

[0078] FIG. 36C A side view exploded view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with another embodiment. FIG. 36A A side view exploded view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with another embodiment.

[0079] FIG. 37A A front perspective view of a pen clip is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0080] FIG. 37B A front perspective view of two pen clips of a clip-on dispensing pen is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0081] FIG. 38 A side view transparent view of a portion of a universal cap is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0082] FIG. 39A-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 0 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0083] FIG. 39A-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 0 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0084] FIG. 39B-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 1 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0085] FIG. 39B-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 1 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0086] FIG. 39C-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 2 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0087] FIG. 39C-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 2 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0088] FIG. 39D-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 2.5 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0089] FIG. 39D-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 2.5 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0090] FIG. 39E-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 3 is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0091] FIG. 39E-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 3 is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0092] FIG. 39F-1 A side view of a clicker mechanism in state 4 is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0093] FIG. 39F-2 A schematic view of a clicker mechanism in state 4 is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0094] FIG. 40A A front view of a second clicker body of a clicker mechanism as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0095] FIG. 40B A front view of a first clicker body of a clicker mechanism as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment, the first clicker body interacting with the second clicker body shown in FIG. 40A

[0096] FIG. 41 An internal side view of a portion of a universal cap having an ingress wall is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0097] FIG. 42 A top perspective view of a portion of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0098] FIG. 43 A side view of a friction snap for clamping a dispensing pen is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0099] FIG. 44A A front view of the friction snap shown clamping a dispensing pen in a first orientation as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment. FIG. 43

[0100] A front view of the friction snap shown clamping a dispensing pen in a second orientation as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment. FIG. 44B FIG. 43 A front view of the friction snap shown clamping a dispensing pen in a third orientation as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment.

[0101] FIG. 44C FIG. 43 A front view of the friction snap shown clamping a dispensing pen in a third orientation as viewed along a central longitudinal axis of a universal cap is shown, according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION ​​​

[0102] The illustrations presented herein are not actual views of any injection delivery and data collection system or any component thereof, but are idealized representations that serve merely to describe the present application.

[0103] Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by a person’s pancreas failing to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin, resulting in the person’s body failing to properly absorb sugars and starches. The inability to absorb these carbohydrates sometimes results in hyperglycemia, i.e., an excessive amount of glucose in the blood plasma. Hyperglycemia can trigger a variety of serious symptoms and life-threatening long-term complications, such as dehydration, ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney failure, retinal damage, nerve damage, and can result in amputation.

[0104] Generally, a continuous treatment is required to maintain proper blood glucose levels (referring to the glucose content in a person’s blood or a glucose value (also referred to herein as an “estimated glucose value”) representing the blood glucose level, such as a blood glucose level measured by a blood glucose meter or generated by a blood glucose monitor) within a normal range. Maintaining proper blood glucose levels is generally achieved by regularly injecting insulin to a person with diabetes (PWD). Maintaining proper blood glucose values can place a significant cognitive burden on the PWD (or their caregiver) and affect many aspects of the PWD’s life. For example, the PWD’s cognitive burden can be attributed to tracking meals, constant checking, and fine-tuning of blood glucose values, among others. The PWD’s adjustments to blood glucose values can include injecting insulin, tracking insulin doses and blood glucose, deciding on insulin injection amounts, injection frequency, injection sites, and how to arrange insulin doses according to meals and / or blood glucose fluctuations.

[0105] The following example of a typical day in the life of a PWD further illustrates the heavy cognitive burden on the PWD. In the morning, the PWD’s first thoughts / actions are typically blood glucose related, such as, what is their blood glucose value? What was their blood glucose value last night? How do they feel right now? After checking their blood glucose value (e.g., using a blood glucose meter or monitor), the PWD can consider what actions to take, such as adjusting their morning activities, changing the time or what to eat for breakfast, or deciding to inject rapid-acting (RA) insulin and deciding on a site to inject the RA insulin. Even before eating breakfast (or any meal), the PWD considers the amount and kind of food they plan to eat and can adjust their RA insulin dose according to the carbohydrate content in the food they choose. Before injecting the RA insulin, the PWD struggles to recall the time of their last insulin injection, the last time they ate a certain meal, and how they felt at the time.

[0106] Before leaving the house, the PWD considers whether they have enough supplies for blood glucose monitoring or insulin injections. This can include batteries, a charged device, spare supplies, blood glucose testing supplies, and insulin for treating high blood glucose. In addition, the PWD needs to consider any physical activity (e.g., walking to drop off a child at school, going to the gym, biking) that will affect their blood glucose, as exercise can cause their blood glucose to be lower than expected. Even before driving a vehicle, the PWD checks their blood glucose to determine whether it is at a safe level for driving.

[0107] As lunchtime approaches, the PWD considers their blood glucose level before eating lunch, such as when they expect to eat and what they expect to eat during the day. Thus, the PWD calculates the carbohydrate intake in their head and adjusts the insulin dose. The PWD also considers the recently injected insulin doses and whether those doses are still helping to lower blood glucose. All of this is happening simultaneously with other activities in their busy day, so the PWD often forgets or fails to adequately consider all of the above factors.

[0108] The PWD often needs to check blood glucose levels throughout the day, especially on days when their activities are different than usual. This constant thinking, checking, and planning can be exhausting, especially when each check requires a decision, a mathematical calculation, and possibly a change in behavior. In addition, the PWD can also need to check supplies inventory, communicate with a healthcare provider (HCP), refill prescriptions, and contact their medical insurance agency to discuss their treatment regimen and / or supplies during the day.

[0109] In the evening, the PWD can need to inject a daily dose of long-acting (LA) insulin. In addition, the PWD can determine whether their blood glucose remains stable before going to sleep. If they use an insulin pump, they need to check whether their insulin pump is running low on insulin and whether they need to replenish it before going to sleep. If they have a continuous glucose monitor, they have to check whether it is working properly. Even so, the nighttime insulin can not be able to maintain their blood glucose stable based on the food intake at dinner. The nighttime blood glucose level can disturb sleep and exacerbate anxiety, thereby affecting sleep quality.

[0110] Thus, managing diabetes requires constant attention to details throughout the day. Even with careful planning and self-monitoring, the PWD can miss a dose, double a dose, or inject the wrong dose and / or type of insulin. An insulin deficiency can cause hyperglycemia, while an insulin excess can cause hypoglycemia, which in turn can cause clumsiness, difficulty speaking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death.

[0111] One of the most common methods of insulin administration involves the use of a medication administration pen (medication administration pens for injecting insulin are also referred to herein as “insulin pens”). Since PWDs can need to inject insulin at any time, they are often forced to carry one or more medication administration pens with them at all times (see, e.g., FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B ). The administration pens typically include a cap to improve portability and prevent loss of the medication contained therein, as well as to prevent accidental pricking or injection. In addition to the different types of medications / agents that can be contained in the administration pens (e.g., different types of insulin), the geometry of different administration pens can also vary greatly. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B , an administration pen 100 is provided. The administration pen 100 includes a pen cap 102 having a cap clip 104 and an administration pen body 110. The administration pen body 110 includes a cartridge holder 112 for housing a removable pen cartridge 115 and a plunger 113, a dose knob 114, and a dose window 116 having a dose indicator 118. The administration pen body 110 also includes a rubber seal 120 disposed at the other end of the dose knob 114 and proximate to where the removable pen cartridge 115 is disposed. For example, the pen barrel diameter, pen barrel length, label location, pen tip geometry, pen tip location, and other features of the administration pen can vary. Furthermore, the shape features of different brands of insulin pens can also vary greatly, even for insulin pens having the same dose type (see, e.g., FIG. 2 ). Specifically, FIG. 2 exhibits an insulin pen 200, a U-200 insulin pen 205, an insulin pen 210, a U-100 insulin pen 215, and a U-100 insulin pen 220. Furthermore, during a course of treatment, a user can switch between multiple insulin brands depending on insurance, therapy, preference, etc., without any restrictions. Typically, each administration pen has its own specially designed cap to fit the geometry of the administration pen. Thus, a PWD can have multiple administration pens, where the cap shape and size for each administration pen can vary greatly.

[0112] Diabetes Fatigue Syndrome (DFS) is a challenge for many PWDs. DFS is a multifactorial syndrome in which people with diabetes often experience symptoms of fatigue or easy fatigability. The wide variety of insulin pens, including the potentially large geometric differences that can exist between each pen, can increase the learning barrier for users and add to the cognitive burden of users managing their diabetes on top of the many tasks PWDs must handle each day. These issues are further exacerbated for users with DFS or other cognitive impairment diseases. Because the dosing requirements for insulin treatment of diabetes are highly precise, these learning and cognitive burdens imposed by the different physical characteristics of insulin pens can increase the risk of dosing errors or result in an inability to inject a dose, which, as noted above, can lead to clumsiness, difficulty speaking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death.

[0113] Embodiments of the present disclosure include a universal pen cap that is adapted to house a plurality of drug injection pens (e.g., insulin injection pens) having different geometries, particularly different geometries at their distal ends. For example, a universal pen cap for an injection pen includes one or more adaptable elements arranged to removably couple the universal pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap includes a mechanical actuator configured to adjust the one or more adaptable elements. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap includes an electromechanical actuator coupled to the one or more adaptable elements to adjust the same. The electromechanical actuator is adapted to actuate the one or more adaptable elements to adjust the one or more adaptable elements to a selected geometry to substantially match, such as substantially match, a given geometry of a given injection pen, particularly a given geometry at a distal end thereof. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap includes one or more sensors to sense various pen cap events, such as disengagement and engagement of the universal pen cap with a pen. The one or more sensors are configured to enable the universal pen cap to automatically configure the universal pen cap in response to sensed user actions. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap includes adjustable floor elements that adjust a distance of insertion of an injection pen into the universal pen cap. The adjustable floor elements are configured to be mechanically adjusted by a user or electromechanically adjusted by an electromechanical actuator operably coupled to the adjustable floor elements. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap includes one or more batteries to power various elements included in the universal pen cap, such as an electromechanical actuator, but not limited thereto.

[0114] Further, in various embodiments, a universal cap of an injection pen (e.g., an insulin pen) is configured for dose data capture. In various embodiments, the universal cap includes a display screen for displaying one or more of: a blood glucose estimate value (EGV), EGV units, an EGV trend indicator, a recommended dose, an insulin type identification, a recommended injection site, a time and dose of a previous dose, and / or an insulin in vivo value to remind the user of a recent dose. In various embodiments, the universal cap includes a button for receiving information from the user, such as meal information, insulin dose information, response to suggestions, etc. In various embodiments, the button is selected from a physical button, a capacitive or resistive touch button, a button on the display screen, or a combination / subcombination thereof. In various embodiments, the display screen includes a touch screen configured to include one or more capacitive touch buttons in its user interface. In various embodiments, the universal cap for dose capture includes one or more indicator lights configured to light up to indicate that it is transmitting data, light up to indicate that the user’s attention is needed, and / or light up to indicate whether the dose capture function is working.

[0115] Embodiments of the universal cap of the present disclosure can be advantageous over conventional injection pen caps typically used for medical / pharmaceutical injection pens. For example, conventional cap designs are only applicable to one specific shape of pen, which can place a cognitive burden on PWDs who already shoulder the inherent task of managing diabetes, which is a cognitively demanding task, and now have to try to manage multiple different injection pens, especially for PWDs with DFS. In contrast, the universal cap of the present disclosure is applicable to multiple types of injection pens having different geometries, so PWDs can use the universal cap of the present disclosure with one or more types of injection pens, which leads to consistency, predictability, and reusability for PWDs, thereby reducing the cognitive burden on PWDs, especially in daily insulin management. This reduction in cognitive burden can lead to less stress, enable faster and easier administration of medication doses, and reduce the likelihood of failing to administer necessary medication doses. Further, in various embodiments, the addition of sensors and electromechanical actuators can enable automatic insertion and removal of the injection pen, and thus provide additional advantages, including higher usability, especially for those PWDs with mild to severe physical disabilities who can have difficulty removing conventional pen caps, which are typically press-fit to the injection pen. For example, PWDs with DFS can have difficulty removing conventional pen caps because their physical condition can not allow them to generate enough grip strength to grab and pull the cap off the injection pen. In contrast, various embodiments herein can allow the user to remove the universal cap, which only requires relatively less physical exertion from the user.

[0116] FIG. 3A is a side view of a universal cap 300 in a disengaged configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3Bis in the engaged configuration FIG. 3A is a side view of a universal cap. Referring to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B In various embodiments, the universal cap 300 includes at least one compression actuator 302, an actuation arm 304, and an engagement member 306 operably coupled to the compression actuator 302. In various embodiments, the at least one compression actuator 302 is adapted to swing the engagement member 306 radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 300 and into engagement (e.g., contact) with an injection pen 308 in response to displacement of one or more portions of the at least one compression actuator 302, such as by inserting the injection pen 308 into the universal cap 300 and pressing against the at least one compression actuator 302.

[0117] In various embodiments, the actuation arm 304 is rotatably coupled to the engagement member 306 at a longitudinal end of each actuation arm 304. For example, in various embodiments, the actuation arm 304 is coupled to the engagement member 306 via a hinged connection. Each actuation arm 304 includes an arm 314 and a biasing element 310 (e.g., a spring, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the biasing element 310 is oriented along a longitudinal axis of the arm 314 and is configured to compress in response to actuation of the compression actuator 302, thereby causing the actuation arm 304 to bias the engagement member 306 radially inward and at least partially into engagement with the injection pen 308. Thus, when the universal cap 300 is in the disengaged position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A), an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 308) can be inserted into the universal cap 300, and upon substantial insertion, the universal cap 300 displaces at least a portion of the compression actuator 302, which in turn causes the biasing element 310 of the actuation arm 304 to compress and also causes the engagement member 306 to pivot and rotate radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 300 and into engagement with the injection pen. FIG. 3A

[0118] ​In various embodiments, compression actuator 302 includes an end portion, a contact portion, a biasing element, and one or more connecting arms. The end portion is adapted to receive the engagement portion. The contact portion is adapted to contact, such as at its distal end, injection pen 308 and to move axially relative to the end portion. The one or more connecting arms extend from the contact portion in an axial direction opposite the end portion. The biasing element is positioned axially between the end portion and the contact portion and is adapted to bias the contact portion axially away from the end portion. In these embodiments, engagement member 306 includes a connecting portion and an engagement portion. The connecting portion is rotatably connected to the one or more connecting arms, such as at a distal end of the one or more connecting arms via a joint. In these embodiments, the connecting portion includes an annular shape, such as about a half ring, connected at one end to the one or more connecting arms. In the illustrated embodiment, each end of the connecting portion is rotatably coupled to a distal end of a connecting arm, with each connecting arm located on opposite sides of universal cap 300, such as circumferentially offset by 180 degrees or about 180 degrees. The engagement portion extends axially from the connecting portion in a direction opposite the end portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the engagement portion is circumferentially offset by 90 degrees or about 90 degrees from its end and from the joint formed with each connecting arm. With the engagement portion circumferentially offset by 90 degrees or about 90 degrees clockwise from the joint formed by the connecting portion and the distal end of the connecting arm, rotation of engagement member 306 about the joint causes the distal end of the engagement portion (located distally relative to the connecting portion) to move radially, allowing engagement member 306 to clamp down on injection pen 308 inserted into universal cap 300. In various embodiments, engagement member 306 further includes a clamping portion protruding radially inward from the distal end of the engagement portion. In various embodiments, the clamping portion is adapted to directly contact injection pen 308 and to clamp injection pen 308 with sufficient force to secure the injection pen within universal cap 300. In various embodiments, universal cap 300 includes a plurality of actuation arms 304, each aligned circumferentially with the engagement portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotatable connection between the respective actuation arm 304 and the engagement portion is formed at a joint positioned between the distal and proximal ends of the engagement portion. In various embodiments, engagement between injection pen 308 and the contact portion causes the contact portion to compress the biasing element and move axially toward the end portion, causing the connecting arms to also move axially toward the end portion. Due to the connection of the connecting portion to the connecting arms and the connection of the engagement portion to actuation arms 304, axial movement of the connecting arms causes the distal end of the engagement portion to rotate radially inward and contact injection pen 308, securing the injection pen within universal cap 300.

[0119] In various embodiments, when universal cap 300 is in the engaged position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1), the distal end of the engagement portion of engagement member 306 is in contact with the proximal end of the injection pen 308. In various embodiments, when universal cap 300 is in the engaged position, the distal end of the engagement portion of engagement member 306 is in contact with the proximal end of the injection pen 308. FIG. 3BAs shown, subsequent actuation of the compression actuator 302 causes the biasing element 310 to pivot and rotate radially outward, thereby reducing the inward radial force exerted by the actuation arm 304 on the engagement member 306 to release the injection pen 308 and enable removal of the injection pen 308.

[0120] FIG. 4A is a side view of a universal pen cap 400 in accordance with one or more embodiments. FIG. 4B is shown with a housing thereon FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a universal pen cap. Referring to FIG. 4A and 4B In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 400 includes an engagement member 406, an actuation arm 404, a cam element 402, a guide element 412, an interface element 414, and a body frame 416. In various embodiments, the engagement member 406 is rotatably coupled to the actuation arm 404, which is in turn mounted to the body frame 416. The engagement member 406 is configured to pivot relative to the actuation arm 404. The interface element 414 is sized and shaped to abut a longitudinal end of the injection pen 410 when the injection pen 410 is inserted into the universal pen cap 400. The interface element 414 is coupled to the engagement member 406 and the guide element 412. Further, the interface element 414 is coupled to the body frame 416 via one or more biasing elements 408 that bias the interface element 414 in an axial direction (e.g., in a direction opposite to the direction of insertion of the injection pen 410 into the universal pen cap 400) relative to the body frame 416. The engagement member 406 is configured to pivot relative to the interface element 414. The guide element 412 is rotatably coupled to the interface element 414 and is engaged with the cam element 402, which will be described in further detail below. Although the interface element 414 is shown as a separate element in FIG. 4, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the interface element 414 can be integrated with the engagement member 406 and / or the guide element 412. FIG. 4A-5C A particular cam element 402 is shown in FIG. 4, but those skilled in the art will understand that other types of cam elements can be used to actuate the universal pen cap 400.

[0121] In various embodiments, the engagement members 406 are sized and shaped to engage with the injection pen 410. For example, the engagement members 406 are sized and shaped to define an opening therebetween that is sized to receive the injection pen 410. In various embodiments, the engagement members 406 have a generally pincer shape and are configured to clamp the injection pen 410 in operation. In the illustrated embodiment, engagement between the injection pen 410 and the interface element 414 causes the interface element to translate in an axial direction toward the body frame 416. Translation of the interface element 414 causes the joints between the interface element 414 and the engagement members 406 to also move in an axial direction toward the body frame 416. The axial movement of these joints causes the engagement members 406 to rotate relative to the joints between the engagement members 406 and the respective actuation arms 404 and causes the joints between the engagement members 406 and the actuation arms 404 to move radially inward. This radial inward movement causes the actuation arms 404 to rotate relative to the body frame 416. As a result of the relative movement of the components, the engagement members 406 move radially inward and contact the injection pen 410, thereby securing the injection pen 410 within the universal pen cap 400, such as via clamping.

[0122] In various embodiments, the actuation arms 404 include one or more biasing members that bias the engagement members 406 to which the actuation arms 404 are coupled in one or more directions away from the body frame 416. The actuation arms 404 are coupled to the engagement members 406 at radially outermost portions of the engagement members 406 such that when the engagement members 406 pivot relative to the actuation arms 404, the engagement members 406 rotate radially inward or outward.

[0123] As FIG. 4B shown, in various embodiments, the universal pen cap 400 includes a housing 418 that is configured to encase various elements of the universal pen cap 400 (e.g., the engagement members 406, the actuation arms 404, the cam element 402, the guide element 412, the interface element 414, and the body frame 416, but not limited thereto). While the housing 418 is illustrated in connection with one or more embodiments of the FIG. 4A and 4B , the housing 418 or a similar housing can be used in various embodiments disclosed herein.

[0124] FIG. 5A is a magnified perspective view of the cam element 402 according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 5B is a magnified view of the cam element 402 and the guide element 412 when the universal pen cap 400 is in a disengaged configuration according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 5C is a magnified view of the cam element 402 and the guide element 412 when the universal pen cap 400 is in an engaged configuration.

[0125] Referring to FIGS. 4-5C together, in various embodiments, the cam element 402 includes a groove path 502 having a first passageway 504 and a second passageway 506 formed therein. The first passageway 504 includes a generally hook shape that generally begins in a first direction and curves back in a second direction opposite the first direction, and the second passageway 506 includes a generally hook shape or reverse hook shape. The first passageway 504 and the second passageway 506 are connected together at both longitudinal ends of the first passageway 504 and the second passageway 506 such that the first passageway 504 and the second passageway 506 collectively form a generally heart-shaped groove, with the second passageway 506 being generally a mirror image of the first passageway 504. The cam element 402 is adapted to guide the pin of the guide element 412 along the first passageway 504 from a first rest area 508 to a second rest area 510, and along the second passageway 506 from the second rest area 510 to the first rest area 508. In various embodiments, the groove path 502 is formed to prevent the pin from entering the second passageway 506 from the first rest area 508 and to prevent the pin from entering the first passageway 504 from the second rest area 510.

[0126] The first passageway 504 includes a first rest area 508, a first ramped area 524, a first raised portion 522, a first recessed portion 512, and a second raised portion 526. The second passageway 506 includes a second rest area 510 connected to the second raised portion 526 of the first passageway 504, a second ramped area 528, a second recessed portion 514, and a third ramped area 530 coupled to the first rest area 508 of the first passageway.

[0127] The first ramped region 524 of the first passageway 504 extends from the first rest region 508 to the first raised portion 522. The depth of the first ramped region 524 relative to the top surface of the cam element 402 decreases from the first rest region 508 to the first raised portion 522. In various embodiments, the slope of the first ramped region 524 is such that the pin of the guide element 412 does not get stuck or rest on the first ramped region due to friction between the pin and the surface of the first ramped region 524. In various embodiments, the slope of the first ramped region 524 is variable. The first recessed portion 512 is contiguous with the first raised portion 522 and is formed at a depth lower than the first raised portion 522 relative to the top surface. The difference in depth formed between the first raised portion 522 and the first recessed portion 512 is adapted to prevent the pin of the guide element 412 from traveling from the first recessed portion 512 to the first raised portion 522. The first raised portion 522 terminates at an abrupt edge that transitions the first passageway 504 from the first raised portion 522 to the first recessed portion 512. For example, the depth of the first recessed portion 512 comprises a depth that is deeper relative to the first raised portion 522 such that as the pin of the guide element 412 travels along the first passageway 504, the pin rises up along the first ramped region 524 from the first rest region 508 to the first raised portion 522 and then falls into the first recessed portion 512. The second raised portion 526 slopes upward from the first recessed portion 512 toward the second passageway 506. The second raised portion 526 is formed with a variable slope. The second raised portion 526 abruptly terminates at an edge (e.g., cliff edge) at the second rest region 510 of the second passageway 506, which is formed at a depth higher than an end of the second raised portion 526 adjacent to the first raised portion 522. The second rest region 510 is formed at a depth lower than the edge of the second raised portion 526. The difference in depth formed between the second rest region 510 and the second raised portion 526 is adapted to prevent the pin of the guide element 412 from traveling from the second rest region 510 to the second raised portion 526.

[0128] The second ramped region 528 of the second passageway 506 slopes upward from the second rest region 510 and abruptly terminates at an edge (e.g., a cliff edge) at the second recessed portion 514 of the second passageway 506, which edge is formed at a depth higher than an end of the second rest region 510 and at a depth higher than the second recessed portion 514. The difference in depth formed between the second recessed portion 514 and the edge of the second ramped region 528 is adapted to prevent the pin of the guide element 412 from traveling from the second recessed portion 514 to the second ramped region 528. In various embodiments, the end of the second rest region 510 includes an edge having a depth that is less than the depth of the second rest region 510. The edge is formed to prevent the pin of the guide element 412 from exiting the second rest region 510 without a force being exerted on the pin. The third ramped region 530 of the second passageway 506 extends from the second recessed portion 514 toward the first rest region 508 and abruptly terminates at an edge (e.g., a cliff edge) at the first rest region 508 of the first passageway 504. The third ramped region 530 decreases in depth relative to the top surface of the cam element 402 from the second recessed portion to the edge of the third ramped region 530. In various embodiments, the slope of the third ramped region 530 is such that the pin of the guide element 412 does not get stuck or rest on the third ramped region due to friction between the pin and the surface of the third ramped region 530. In various embodiments, the slope of the third ramped region 530 is variable. The difference in depth formed between the first rest region 508 and the edge of the third ramped region 530 is adapted to prevent the pin of the guide element 412 from traveling from the first rest region 508 to the third ramped region 530.

[0129] Referring to FIGS. 4-5C, during operation, when the engagement member 406 is in the disengaged state, the injection pen 410 is inserted into the universal pen cap 400 in a first axial direction (e.g., a direction that extends into the universal pen cap 400). In various embodiments, during insertion of the injection pen 410 into the universal pen cap 400, the injection pen 410 abuts the interface element 414 and causes the interface element 414 to translate along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the first axial direction. Translating the interface element 414 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the first axial direction causes the interface element 414 to pull the engagement member 406 and push the guide element 412 in the first axial direction. Pulling the engagement member 406 causes the engagement member 406 to pivot about the connection to the actuation arm 404 and rotate radially inward toward the injection pen 410.

[0130] Furthermore, in various embodiments, pushing the guide element 412 along the first axial direction causes the pin of the guide element 412 to travel along the first passageway 504 from the first rest region 508 along the first ramped region 524 to the first raised portion 522 and into the first recessed portion 512. The first recessed portion 512 is configured to provide a mechanical stop for the pin of the guide element 412 and is configured to prevent further movement of the guide element 412 along the first axial direction. Thus, the stop of the pin of the guide element 412 within the first recessed portion 512 is configured to provide feedback to the user that the injection pen 410 has been fully inserted into the universal pen cap 400.

[0131] Furthermore, when the user releases the injection pen 410, the biasing element 408 is configured to translate the interface element 414 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 at least a distance in a second axial direction opposite the first axial direction. Translating the interface element 414 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the second axial direction causes the interface element 414 to pull the guide element 412 in the second axial direction. Pulling the guide element 412 in the second axial direction causes the pin of the guide element 412 to travel from the first recessed portion 512 along the second raised portion 526 and into the second rest region 510; furthermore, the bias provided by the biasing element 408 is configured to at least substantially prevent the pin from exiting the second rest region 510 without intentional interaction by the user. The edge formed between the second rest region 510 and the second ramped region 528 is configured to further substantially prevent the pin from exiting the second rest region 510 without intentional interaction by the user. Furthermore, one of skill in the art will recognize that the edge at the interface of the first raised portion 522 and the first recessed portion 512 is configured to prevent the pin of the guide element from traveling back along the first passageway 504. Likewise, the biasing member 704 and the first ramped region 524 provide resistance to the travel of the pin of the guide element 412 along the first passageway 504 such that the pin of the guide element 412 does not generally travel along the first passageway 504 unintentionally. Furthermore, the edge at the interface of the first raised portion 522 and the first recessed portion 512 is configured to provide audible feedback click and tactile feedback click to the user when the injection pen 410 is fully inserted into the universal pen cap 400. Furthermore, the edge at the interface of the second raised portion 526 and the second rest region 510 is configured to provide audible feedback click and tactile feedback click to the user, indicating that the engagement member 406 has fully engaged with the injection pen 410. For example, when the pin of the guide element 412 is at rest within the second rest region 510, the universal pen cap 400 is in an engaged configuration and is configured to secure the injection pen 410 with the engagement member 406.

[0132] Further, when the pin of the guide element 412 is docked within the second docking region 510, a subsequent push of the injection pen 410 by the user along the first axial direction causes the guide element 412 to translate along the first axial direction, thereby causing the pin of the guide element 412 to travel along the second passage 506 from the second docking region 510 along the second ramped region 528 and into the second recessed portion 514. The second recessed portion 514 is configured to provide a mechanical stop for the pin of the guide element 412 and is configured to further prevent the guide element 412 from moving in the first axial direction. Thus, the stop of the pin of the guide element 412 within the second recessed portion 514 is configured to provide feedback to the user that the injection pen 410 has been pushed to an extent that allows the universal pen cap 400 to be moved to the unengaged configuration.

[0133] Thus, when the user releases the injection pen 410, the biasing element 408 is configured to cause the abutment element 414 to translate along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the second axial direction. Translating the abutment element 414 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the second axial direction causes the abutment element 414 to push the engagement member 406. Pushing the engagement member 406 is configured to cause the engagement member 406 to pivot about the connection to the actuation arm 404 and rotate radially outward away from the injection pen 410. Further, translating the abutment element 414 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 400 in the second axial direction causes the abutment element 414 to pull the guide element 412 in the second axial direction. Pulling the guide element 412 in the second axial direction causes the pin of the guide element 412 to travel along the second passage 506 from the second recessed portion 514 along the third ramped region 530 to the third raised portion 532 and into the first docking region 508. When the pin of the guide element 412 is docked within the first docking region 508, the universal pen cap 400 is in the disengaged configuration and the injection pen 410 can be removed, or subsequently inserted, or re-engaged. Further, the stop of the pin of the guide element 412 within the first docking region 508 is configured to provide feedback to the user that the injection pen has been disengaged by the engagement member 406 and indicates to the user that the injection pen 410 can be removed.

[0134] FIG. 6A is a side view of the universal pen cap 600 in a disengaged position according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the universal pen cap 600 in a disengaged position. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the universal pen cap 600 in a disengaged position. FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the universal pen cap 600 in an engaged position. FIG. 6A and 6B is a cross-sectional view of the universal pen cap 600 in an engaged position. Reference is made to FIG. 6A-6CIn various embodiments, in the engaged position, the universal pen cap 600 is engaged with the injection pen 610. In the disengaged position, the universal pen cap 600 is disengaged from the injection pen 610. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 600 includes a clamping assembly 612 and a body 604. In various embodiments, the clamping assembly 612 includes a fastening element 602 and hinge arms 606 / 608. In various embodiments, the fastening element 602 is positioned to apply a clamping force to the injection pen 610 and is configured to hold the injection pen 610 in place when in the engaged position. FIG. 6A-6C In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening elements 602 are positioned on opposite sides of the body 604 with their contact surfaces generally facing each other, e.g., the fastening elements 602 are circumferentially positioned at an angle of approximately 180 degrees relative to the axis of the universal pen cap 600. In various embodiments, the fastening elements 602 are adapted to move axially relative to the body 604. In various embodiments, the clamping assembly 612 includes three or more fastening elements 602, without limitation.

[0135] The top end of the fastening element 602 (i.e., the end closest to the closed end of the universal pen cap 600) is positioned radially inward relative to the bottom end (i.e., the end closest to the open end of the universal pen cap 600). In various embodiments, the bottom end of the fastening element 602 is rotatably connected to one or more hinge arms 606 at a first longitudinal end of each of the one or more hinge arms 606. The hinge arms 606 are, in turn, rotatably connected to the body 604 at a second longitudinal end of each hinge arm 606 / 608, which is opposite the first longitudinal end of each hinge arm 606 / 608. In various embodiments, the two hinge arms 606 connected to the corresponding fastening element 602 are connected to the body 604 at the same fixed location and are connected to each other at corresponding longitudinal ends, thereby forming a fastening link. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 600 includes a fastening link that connects the fastening element 602 and connects to the body 604 on each lateral side of the fastening element 602.

[0136] In operation, after the injection pen 610 is inserted, the injection pen 610 engages the contact surface of each fastening element 602 at or near its tip, such as FIG. 6A and 6B As the injection pen 610 is further inserted into the universal pen cap 600, the fastening element 602 moves in an axial direction toward the top end of the universal pen cap 600 due to engagement with the injection pen 610. This axial movement causes the fastening element 602 to rotate about a fixed position on the body 604, thereby causing the angle of the clamping link to decrease, which causes the bottom ends of the fastening elements to come closer together, thereby causing more contact surface of each fastening element 602 to contact the injection pen 610, as shown in FIG. FIG. 6C In various embodiments, when the fastening element 602 is in FIG. 6CAs the engagement position is shown, bringing the bottom ends closer together also results in the application of a clamping force on the injection pen 610. Upon removal of the injection pen 610, the clasp elements 602 are pulled away from the top end of the universal cap 600 and moved toward the secured position, which results in the bottom ends of the clasp elements 602 moving radially outward, thereby reducing the amount of contact between the contact surfaces of each clasp element 602 and the injection pen 610 and reducing the clamping force. In various embodiments, each clamping link includes a mechanical stop that prevents the hinge arm 606 from rotating too far, thereby preventing the first longitudinal end from moving axially toward the bottom end too far beyond the secured position to prevent the application of a clamping force during removal of the injection pen 610. In other embodiments, the universal cap 600 includes a mechanical stop that prevents the clasp elements 602 from moving axially beyond a certain position relative to the bottom of the body 604, thereby preventing the application of a clamping force during removal of the injection pen 610.

[0137] FIG. 7A is a side view of an exemplary universal cap 700 adapted to receive an injection pen 710 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7B is a side view of an exemplary universal cap 700 adapted to receive an injection pen 710 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap 700. Reference is made to FIG. 7A and 7B In various embodiments, the universal cap 700 includes an outer frame element 702 that defines one or more first apertures 706 and second apertures 708. For example, the outer frame element 702 includes an outer wall 714 having one or more first apertures 706 formed therein, and a second aperture 708 is defined by the outer frame element 702 at a longitudinal end thereof. The outer wall 714 can include an annular or hollow cylindrical shape. In various embodiments, the universal cap 700 includes one or more capture members 712 coupled to the outer frame. In various embodiments, the universal cap 700 includes one or more biasing members 704 operably coupled to the one or more capture members 712.

[0138] In operation, the one or more capture members 712 are configured to extend through the one or more first apertures 706 and engage with an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 710) when the injection pen is inserted into the second aperture 708 of the outer frame element 702. Further, the one or more biasing members 704 are configured to exert a pushing force on the one or more capture members 712 that causes the one or more capture members 712 to push radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap. For example, prior to insertion of the injection pen 710, the one or more capture members 712 extend through the outer frame element 702 into a cavity defined by the outer frame element 702 that is configured to receive an injection pen under the urging of the one or more biasing members 704. Upon insertion of the injection pen 710, the one or more capture members 712 are configured to exert an inward radial force on the injection pen 710 while still allowing a user’s pushing force to continue to insert the injection pen 710. Upon full insertion, the injection pen 710 abuts an inner surface of the outer frame element 702 while the one or more capture members 712 elastically push the one or more capture members 712 radially inward in response to the biasing members 704 to exert an inward radial force on the injection pen 710. Further, the inward radial force exerted by the one or more capture members 712 via the one or more biasing members 704 holds the injection pen 710 within the outer frame element 702 and enables a pulling force from a user to remove the injection pen 710 despite engagement with the one or more capture members.

[0139] In various embodiments, the one or more biasing members 704 include a biasing element (e.g., a spring, but not limited thereto) that is configured to exert a spring force on the one or more capture members 712 such that the spring pushes the capture members to extend through the one or more first apertures 706 and protrude into a cavity of the universal pen cap 700 toward a central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 700. In other embodiments, the one or more biasing members 704 include an elastomeric material positioned relative to the one or more capture members 712 such that the elastomeric material pushes the one or more capture members 712 to extend through the first apertures 706 and protrude into a cavity of the universal pen cap 700 toward a central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 700 in a radially inward direction. In other embodiments, the one or more capture members 712 include an elastomeric material such that the one or more capture members 712 extend through the one or more first apertures 706 and resistively engage an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 710) that has been inserted into the universal pen cap 700 without the need for the one or more biasing members 704.

[0140] In one or more embodiments, the one or more capture members 712 include an engagement surface that engages a surface of an injection pen. The engagement surface includes a substantially concave profile when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 700, thereby substantially conforming to the curvature of an injection pen inserted into the universal cap 700. The one or more capture members 712 include a material having different roughness and friction. For example, the one or more capture members 712 include rubber, plastic, steel, iron, or elastomeric material. In various embodiments, the capture members 712 include an additional material disposed on the engagement surface of the capture members 712 (e.g., an abrasive material disposed on the engagement surface of the capture members 712, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the engagement surface includes an irregular pattern, thereby enabling the engagement surface to exert greater friction when engaged with another surface (e.g., a surface of an injection pen).

[0141] FIG. 7C FIG. 7B is a front view of the universal cap 700, the view taken through the second aperture 708 along the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 700, wherein an example of the one or more capture members 712 extending through the one or more first apertures 706 at different levels of extension is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference is now made concurrently to FIGS. 7A and 7B. FIG. 7A-7C In various embodiments, the first apertures 706 are configured to allow the one or more capture members 712 to radially translate when outward radial pressure is applied to the capture members 712 and the biasing member 704, such as, for example, when an injection pen is inserted into the second aperture 708.

[0142] Reference is now made concurrently to FIGS. 7A and 7B. FIG. 7C When an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 710) is substantially inserted into the second aperture 708, the injection pen resists the retraction of the capture members 712 and the biasing member 704, as shown by the retracted capture members 716. In this position, the capture members 712 engage a surface of the injection pen. Further, when no injection pen is inserted into the second aperture 708, the biasing member 704 protrudes the capture members 712 into the cavity of the universal cap 700.

[0143] In various embodiments, the universal cap 700 is operatively coupled with an electromechanical actuator 802 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8, but not limited thereto). FIG. 8The electromechanical actuator 802 is configured to actuate the one or more capture members 712 such that actuation of the electromechanical actuator 802 causes the one or more capture members 712 to extend through the at least one first aperture 706. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 802 comprises a solenoid. In the present embodiment, the one or more capture members 712 comprise a magnetic material and are disposed within the solenoid such that actuation of the solenoid causes the one or more capture members 712 to translate along a central longitudinal axis of the solenoid. In other various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 802 comprises a servo mechanism configured to cause the one or more capture members to translate through the at least one first aperture 706 upon actuation of the servo mechanism.

[0144] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a universal cap 900 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap 900 extending over an injection pen in accordance with one or more embodiments. Reference is made concurrently to FIG. 9A and 9B In various embodiments, the universal cap 900 comprises a tube having a plurality of contiguous sections 904. In various embodiments, an inner diameter of the tube incrementally decreases along a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 900, each of the plurality of contiguous sections 904 having a respective inner diameter. In various embodiments, each respective inner diameter is substantially constant in the respective contiguous section 904. In some embodiments, an outer diameter of the tube is substantially constant, and the tube is formed from a plurality of contiguous inner straight cylinders having diameters that incrementally decrease.

[0145] Reference is made concurrently to FIG. 9B In various embodiments, the plurality of contiguous sections 904 are configured to telescopically extend in a first longitudinal direction of the universal cap 900 and collapse in a second longitudinal direction opposite the first longitudinal direction. In operation, the universal cap 900 is configured to telescopically extend over an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 902) such that a section of the plurality of contiguous sections 904 having an appropriate diameter to engage a surface of the injection pen engages the surface of the injection pen in an interference fit.

[0146] FIG. 10A is a side view of a universal cap 1000 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 10B is FIG. 10A a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap 1000 of FIG. 10A and 10BIn various embodiments, the universal cap 1000 includes an outer wall 1006 that includes an interior frustoconical cavity 1008 that includes a frustoconical shape formed therein. The interior frustoconical cavity 1008 includes an inner diameter that narrows along a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1000, with the larger diameter end of the frustoconical shape at an open end of the outer wall 1006. In various embodiments, the outer surface 1002 of the universal cap 1000 has a substantially equal diameter along the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap. In other embodiments, the outer surface 1002 includes a narrowing diameter that is complementary in size and shape to the frustoconical cavity 1008.

[0147] In operation, the universal cap 1000 is configured to receive the injection pen 1004 within the frustoconical cavity 1008 such that the surface of the injection pen 1004 mates with the surface of the frustoconical cavity 1008 in an interference fit when the injection pen 1004 is inserted into the universal cap 1000.

[0148] FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a universal cap 1100 for receiving a plurality of injection pens 1104a-c in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 11B is FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional side view of the universal cap 1100 for receiving a plurality of injection pens 1104a-c. Reference is made to FIG. 11A and 11B , the universal cap 1100 includes a housing 1112, a slot 1106, and a sleeve element 1102. The sleeve element 1102 includes a radially extending member 1108.

[0149] In various embodiments, the housing 1112 includes an outer wall 1114 shaped to at least partially surround a longitudinal end of an injection pen (e.g., any of the injection pens 1104a-c). The outer wall 1114 includes an open end formed therein. A slot 1106 is formed in the outer wall 1114 and extends radially through the outer wall 1114 and also axially along a portion of the outer wall 1114. For example, the slot 1106 defines a cutout portion from the outer wall 1114 that begins at a longitudinal end of the housing 1112 and extends along a longitudinal axis of the housing 1112 for at least a distance. In various embodiments, the slot 1106 is formed with a hook shape that includes a first axial segment that extends axially along the outer wall 1114 in a first direction from the open end of the outer wall 1114, a circumferential portion that extends circumferentially from an end of the first axial segment, and a second axial segment that extends axially in a second direction opposite the first direction, partially toward the open end of the outer wall 1114. Further, the sleeve element 1102 is adapted to be removably coupled to a longitudinal end of an injection pen (e.g., the injection pens 1104a-c). In various embodiments, the sleeve element 1102 includes a body and a radially extending member 1108. In various embodiments, the body includes an annular shape that is formed with an internal cavity adapted to receive an injection pen. The radially extending member 1108 extends radially outward from the body and is sized and shaped to slide along the slot 1106 and interface with the slot when the injection pen is inserted into the universal pen cap, thereby removably securing the injection pen to the housing 1112.

[0150] In various embodiments, the sleeve element 1102 is configured to fit over and enclose at least a portion of a plurality of different injection pen geometries. For example, in various embodiments, the sleeve element 1102 includes a deformable material, such as an elastomeric material, that is adapted to deform / stretch to conform to different injection pen geometries, where the sleeve element 1102 is stretchable and fits around at least one longitudinal end of an injection pen.

[0151] FIG. 11C is a cross-sectional side view of a sleeve element 1102 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, fitted over an injection pen and removably securing the injection pen to a housing 1112. In various embodiments, the sleeve element 1102 is at least partially made of an elastomeric material such that, when an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 1104b) is enclosed by the sleeve element 1102, the elastomeric material forms at least one elastomeric seal 1110 with the housing 1112 when the sleeve element 1102 and the injection pen are removably secured to the housing 1112 by way of the slot 1106 and the at least one radially extending member 1108.

[0152] Referring again to FIG. 11AC. In various embodiments, the interior cavity of the housing 1112 is formed with a tip receiving section and a body receiving section. The tip receiving section is adapted to receive the top of the injection pen and is formed with an inner diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the body receiving section, thereby forming a lip therebetween. The body receiving section is adapted to receive the sleeve element 1102 and the portion of the injection pen covered by the sleeve element 1102. In various embodiments, the portion of the sleeve element 1102 located or adjacent the leading edge of the sleeve element 1102 has a diameter that is larger than the tip receiving section. In various embodiments, the interference fit between the portion of the sleeve element 1102 and the lip acts as a seal. In various embodiments, the interference fit between the portion of the sleeve element 1102 and the lip acts as a stop, thereby preventing further insertion of the injection pen into the universal pen cap 1100, thereby controlling the insertion depth of the injection pen. In various embodiments, the portion of the sleeve element 1102 includes a flange that protrudes radially outward from the body of the sleeve element 1102.

[0153] Reference is now made to both Figures 1 and 2, simultaneously. FIG. 11A C. In operation, a user can removably couple the sleeve element 1102 around an injection pen, such that the sleeve element 1102 at least partially surrounds the lateral surface of the injection pen. Further, when the sleeve element 1102 is fitted over an injection pen, such as the injection pen 1104b, the one or more radially extending members 1108 are configured to slide along the slot 1106 in a first axial direction upon insertion of the injection pen into the housing 1112. When the injection pen 1104b has been fully inserted, the injection pen, and thus the sleeve element 1102, is rotated in the direction of the slot 1106, and then the pulling force pulls the one or more radially extending members 1108 into the substantially hook-shaped groove defined by the slot 1106. In various embodiments, a biasing member pushes the inserted injection pen 1104b when the injection pen 1104b has been fully inserted into the housing 1112. For example, upon insertion of the injection pen 1104b into the housing 1112, the biasing member generates a force in a second axial direction, opposite the first axial direction. Thus, when the injection pen is inserted and the one or more radially extending members 1108 have reached the longitudinal end of the slot 1106, the injection pen 1104b is rotated in the direction of the hook-shaped groove defined by the slot 1106, such that when the inserted pushing pressure is released, the biasing member forces the injection pen 1104b, and thus the sleeve element 1102 and the one or more radially extending members 1108, to translate in the second axial direction at least a distance until the one or more radially extending members abut against one side of the hook-shaped groove defined by the slot 1106. In this position, the sleeve element 1102 engages the housing 1112 via the one or more radially extending members 1108 to secure the injection pen 1104b within the housing 1112.

[0154] FIG. 12is a perspective view of a universal cap 1200 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the universal cap 1200 includes a housing 1204 and a ring element 1202.

[0155] In various embodiments, the ring element 1202 is adapted to be removably coupled to an injection pen such that the ring element circumferentially surrounds the injection pen 1206. In various embodiments, where the ring element 1202 is made of an elastomeric material, the ring element 1202 forms an elastomeric seal with the housing 1204 when the ring element 1202 is coupled to the injection pen, and when the injection pen 1206 and, in turn, the ring element 1202 is inserted into the housing 1204. The ring element 1202 can be comprised of any material sufficient to form an interference fit with the housing 1204. For example, in various embodiments, the ring element 1202 includes an elastomeric material. However, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the ring element 1202 can be comprised of any material sufficient to form an interference fit with the housing 1204.

[0156] FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a universal cap 1300 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 13B is an elevational view of the universal cap 1300 in a disengaged configuration. FIG. 13C is an elevational view of the universal cap 1300 in an engaged configuration. Reference is made to both FIG. 13A to 13C In various embodiments, the universal cap 1300 includes a collar 1302 and a plurality of sloped protrusions 1304 defining cavities, and a plurality of roller elements 1306 disposed within respective cavities formed by the sloped protrusions 1304. In various embodiments, the sloped protrusions 1304 extend radially inward from the collar 1302, the thickness of each sloped protrusion 1304 increasing in a circumferential direction. In various embodiments, the sloped protrusions 1304 are circumferentially evenly spaced about the collar 1302. In various embodiments, the sloped protrusions 1304 define a plurality of sloped surfaces 1308 adapted to be in contact with the roller elements 1306. In various embodiments, the sloped protrusions 1304 define sloped recesses adapted to receive a portion of a respective roller element 1306.

[0157] In various embodiments, the universal cap 1300 includes at least one roller element retainer selected from an internal track, a cage, and a flexible collar configured to secure the roller elements 1306 therein. In various embodiments, each roller element 1306 is attached to a protrusion configured to extend in the track. In various embodiments, a stop is configured to limit movement of the roller elements 1306.

[0158] In various embodiments, each roller element 1306 is disposed adjacent to a respective ramped protrusion that is adapted to contact an outer diameter surface of an injection pen 1310 and a respective ramped surface 1308 when the injection pen 1310 is inserted into the universal cap 1300. In various embodiments, the roller elements 1306 and the ramped protrusions 1304 are adapted for relative movement (hereinafter, "relative rotation") therebetween in a circumferential direction. For example, during operation, the injection pen 1310 is inserted into the universal cap 1300 in a first axial direction (e.g., a direction of extension into the universal cap 1300). Once the injection pen 1310 is inserted into the universal cap 1300, a user causes relative rotation between the collar 1302 and the roller elements 1306, such as by rotating the collar 1302 in a first rotational direction about a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300. The relative rotation between the collar 1302 and the roller elements 1306 causes the roller elements 1306 to each slide or roll inversely along the opposing ramped surfaces 1308, thereby translating the roller elements 1306 radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 and into an interference state with the injection pen 1310. Likewise, relative rotation between the collar 1302 and the roller elements 1306 caused by, for example, turning the collar 1302 in a second rotational direction about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 opposite the first rotational direction causes each roller element 1306 to slide or roll along the respective ramped surface 1308, to translate the roller elements 1306 radially outward away from the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300, which causes the roller elements 1306 to reduce the radial interference with the injection pen 1310 and disengage the injection pen 1310. Disengaging the roller elements 1306 from the injection pen 1310 enables the user to remove the injection pen 1310 and subsequently insert the injection pen 1310 or a different injection pen into the universal cap 1300.

[0159] In various embodiments, the roller elements 1306 comprise substantially cylindrical rods that extend along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300. In various embodiments, each cylindrical rod includes a retention feature configured to hook into a retention structure (e.g., a track, a cage, between the collar 1302 and the flexible sleeve, without limitation). In other various embodiments, the roller elements 1306 comprise substantially spherical bearings. The roller elements 1306 are made of a durable material, such as plastic, iron, steel, rubber, etc.

[0160] In various embodiments, the universal cap 1300 is operably coupled with the electromechanical actuator 1402 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 14A, without limitation). In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1402 is configured to cause the collar 1302 to rotate in a first rotational direction about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 when the electromechanical actuator 1402 is in a first state (e.g., an activated state). In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1402 is configured to cause the collar 1302 to rotate in a second rotational direction about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 when the electromechanical actuator 1402 is in a second state (e.g., a deactivated state). In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1402 is configured to cause the collar 1302 to rotate in the first rotational direction about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 when the electromechanical actuator 1402 is in the first state and the injection pen 1310 is inserted into the universal cap 1300. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1402 is configured to cause the collar 1302 to rotate in the second rotational direction about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 when the electromechanical actuator 1402 is in the second state and the injection pen 1310 is inserted into the universal cap 1300. FIG. 14The electromechanical actuator 1402 is configured to cause relative rotation between the collar 1302 and the roller element 1306, such as to rotate the collar 1302 about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300 to both the disengaged configuration and the engaged configuration. For example, in various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1402 includes a solenoid configured to rotate the collar 1302 relative to the roller element 1306. In another example, the electromechanical actuator 1402 includes a servo mechanism operably coupled to the universal cap 1300 such that activation of the servo mechanism rotates the collar 1302 about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1300.

[0161] FIG. 15A is a perspective view of the universal cap 1500 in the disengaged configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 15B is a perspective view of the universal cap 1500 in the engaged configuration. FIG. 15C is a cutaway side view of the universal cap 1500 engaged with the injection pen 1506. Reference is made concurrently to FIG. 15A-15C In various embodiments, the universal cap 1300 includes a tapered collet 1504, an annular collar 1502, and an outer frame member 1510. In various embodiments, the collet 1504 defines a plurality of recesses 1508 formed within a radially outer surface of the tapered collet 1504 and defining slots extending axially from a larger diameter end of the tapered collet 1504 toward a smaller diameter end of the tapered collet 1504. In various embodiments, the plurality of recesses are oriented in a helical pattern relative to one another. In various embodiments, the tapered collet 1504 defines a truncated conical bore configured to receive at least a portion of the injection pen 1506.

[0162] In various embodiments, the annular collar 1502 includes a radially inner surface 1514 defining a central axial bore configured to receive the tapered collet 1504 therethrough. In various embodiments, the radially inner surface 1514 has a diameter that is greater than the smallest diameter of the tapered collet 1504 and less than the largest diameter of the tapered collet 1504. In various embodiments, the collar 1502 includes one or more protrusions 1512 extending radially inward from the radially inner surface of the annular collar 1502. Further, the one or more protrusions 1512 are sized, shaped, and positioned to be received in respective ones of the plurality of recesses 1508 and adapted to slide along the respective recesses 1508 during operation of the universal cap 1500. In various embodiments, translation of the annular collar 1502 along the tapered collet 1504 in a first axial direction causes at least a portion of the tapered collet 1504 to flex radially inward toward the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1500. In various embodiments, the slots facilitate the radial inward flexing of at least a portion of the tapered collet 1504. During operation, when the universal cap 1500 is in the disengaged configuration (e.g., as shown inFIG. 15A ), the universal pen cap 1500 receives an insulin pen (e.g., injection pen 1506) through the central axial hole of the tapered collet 1504. The user can then physically rotate the annular collar 1502 (thereby rotating the outer frame member 1510) so that one or more protrusions 1512 slide along the plurality of recesses 1508, thereby translating the annular collar 1502 along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 1500. Translation of the annular collar 1502 into the engaged configuration (e.g., as FIG. 15B The tapered collet 1504 is configured to bend radially inwardly, wherein the diameter of the tapered collet 1504 is greater than the diameter of the radial inner surface 1514 of the annular collar. The tapered collet 1504 is configured to engage with an at least partially received injection pen in response to the radially inward bending of the tapered collet 1504.

[0163] In various embodiments, the tapered collet 1504 includes one or more elongated members extending longitudinally parallel to and oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1500 , the one or more elongated members being configured to flex radially inward in response to translation of the annular collar 1502 .

[0164] In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 1500 includes an outer frame member 1510. The outer frame member 1510 includes one or more elongated guide members 1516 that extend longitudinally parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the tapered collet 1504 and the universal pen cap 1500. The one or more elongated guide members 1516 include one or more elongated recesses formed therein that extend along the length of the elongated guide members 1516. The one or more elongated guide members 1516 are configured to receive at least a portion of the annular collar 1502 within the elongated recesses of the elongated guide members 1516, such that when the annular collar 1502 translates along the recesses 1508 to the engaged configuration of the universal pen cap 1500, the received portion of the annular collar 1502 slides along the one or more elongated recesses, thereby causing the outer frame member 1510 to rotate with the annular collar 1502. In this manner, the user can rotate the outer frame member 1510 to slide the annular collar 1502 along the one or more elongated recesses and the plurality of recesses 1508 and translate along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 1500. Thus, the user can rotate the outer frame member 1510 to move the universal pen cap 1500 from a disengaged configuration (e.g., FIG. 15A ) into a joined configuration (e.g., as FIG. 15B shown), and vice versa.

[0165] In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 1500 includes an electromechanical actuator 1602 (e.g., FIG. 16The electromechanical actuator 1602 is configured to actuate one or more of the outer frame members 1510 or the annular collar 1502. In various embodiments, actuation of the electromechanical actuator 1602 causes the outer frame members 1510 and / or the annular collar 1502 to rotate such that the annular collar 1502 translates along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1500 between the open and closed configurations of the universal cap 1500. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1602 includes a servo mechanism that is operably coupled to the outer frame members 1510 and / or the annular collar 1502 such that activation of the servo mechanism causes the annular collar 1502 to translate along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1500. While discussed in specific examples, one of skill in the art will appreciate that any conventional electromechanical actuator can be used so long as it is configured to cause the annular collar 1502 to translate along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1500.

[0166] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side view of a universal cap 1700 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the universal cap 1700 includes an outer frame element 1706 that defines a side cavity 1710, a body cavity 1714, and a hole 1712. The universal cap 1700 includes an electromechanical actuator 1704 and an engagement element 1702, both of which are disposed within the side cavity 1710.

[0167] In various embodiments, the engagement element 1702 is positioned in the side cavity 1710 at a location selected from the group consisting of abutting the body cavity 1714, adjacent to the body cavity 1714, and partially within the body cavity 1714 while in the disengaged position. When an injection pen is inserted into the hole 1712, the electromechanical actuator 1704 is adapted to actuate to cause the engagement element 1702 to protrude into the body cavity 1714 and engage the injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 1708). The engagement element 1702 is adapted to contact the injection pen and secure at least a portion of the injection pen positioned in the hole 1712 therein.

[0168] During operation, when the engagement element 1702 is in the disengaged configuration (e.g., prior to actuation of the electromechanical actuator 802), the injection pen 1708 is inserted into the universal cap 1700 along a first axial direction (e.g., a direction extending into the universal cap 1700). After the injection pen has been substantially inserted into the universal cap 1700, actuation of the electromechanical actuator 1704 causes the engagement element 1702 to translate radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1700 and toward the injection pen 1708. The engagement element 1702 then engages the injection pen 1708 such that the position of the injection pen 1708 is maintained within the universal cap 1700. The electromechanical actuator 802 is configured to subsequently disengage the engagement element 1702 from the injection pen 1708, thereby enabling the injection pen 1708 to be removed.

[0169] In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1704 comprises a solenoid actuator, and the engagement element 1702 comprises a magnet. In at least some of these various embodiments, the compression element is disposed at least partially within the solenoid electromechanical actuator 1704, and is adapted to translate the engagement element 1702 along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid into the body cavity 1714. In other various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1704 comprises a servo actuator configured to project the engagement element 1702 into the body cavity 1714 in response to actuation of the servo electromechanical actuator 1704.

[0170] In one or more embodiments, the engagement element 1702 comprises an engagement surface that engages a surface of an injection pen. In various embodiments, the engagement surface has a substantially concave profile when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1700, thereby substantially conforming to a curvature of an injection pen inserted into the universal cap 1700. In various embodiments, the engagement element 1702 comprises a material having different roughness and friction. In some of these various embodiments, the engagement element 1702 comprises at least one of rubber, plastic, steel, iron, or an elastomeric material. In various embodiments, the engagement element 1702 comprises different materials disposed on the engagement surface of the engagement element 1702. In some of these embodiments, abrasive material is disposed only on the engagement surface of the engagement element 1702. In various embodiments, the engagement surface comprises an irregular pattern, thereby enabling the engagement surface to exert greater friction when engaged with another surface (e.g., a surface of an injection pen).

[0171] FIG. 18A is a perspective view of a universal cap 1800 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure (frame elements are not shown for clarity). FIG. 18B is a front view of the universal cap 1800 as viewed along a longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1800 (frame elements are not shown for clarity). Reference is made concurrently to FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B In various embodiments, the universal cap 1800 comprises an annular drive gear 1802, an annular receiving gear 1806 operably engaged with the annular drive gear, and an engagement member 1804 disposed within a central aperture of the annular receiving gear 1806.

[0172] In various embodiments, the annular drive gear 1802 forms a central aperture configured to receive at least a portion of an injection pen, and at least a portion of the annular drive gear is configured to rotate circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1800. In various embodiments, the annular receiving gear 1806 is configured to rotate about an axis thereof, such as about an axis that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the universal cap. The annular receiving gear 1806 is adapted to rotate and translate the engagement member 1804 along an axis thereof, which in various embodiments is an axis that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1800. Accordingly, rotation of the annular drive gear 1802 engages the operably coupled annular receiving gear 1806, thereby rotating the annular receiving gear 1806 and translating the engagement member toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1800.

[0173] In various embodiments, the annular drive gear 1802 is configured to receive a portion of an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 1808) such that the annular drive gear 1802 circumferentially surrounds the injection pen. When the annular drive gear 1802 has received at least a portion of the injection pen, the annular drive gear 1802 is rotated about the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 1800 in a first rotational direction. The annular drive gear 1802 is adapted to rotate to translate the engagement member 1804 along an axial direction thereof, such as along an axis that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the universal cap, thereby engaging the engagement member 1804 with the injection pen.

[0174] In various embodiments, the universal cap 1800 includes a frame element. In various embodiments, the frame element is a substantially cylindrical frame member that is received within and rotationally coupled to a central aperture of the annular drive gear 1802. The annular receiving gear 1806 is rotationally coupled to the frame element. In this example, the frame element includes a first aperture on a lateral wall thereof, and a second aperture defined at a longitudinal end thereof, wherein the second aperture is configured to at least partially receive an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 1808). In various embodiments, the engagement member 1804 is configured to translate through the first aperture and engage the injection pen when the injection pen is at least partially received in the second aperture. In various embodiments, one or both of the annular drive gear 1802 and the annular receiving gear 1806 are coupled to the frame element and are adapted to rotate independently of the frame element.

[0175] In various embodiments, the frame element is adapted to at least partially receive the annular receiving gear 1806 therein, and is adapted to receive a first portion of the annular drive gear 1802 therein that is adapted to engage the annular receiving gear 1806. A second portion of the annular drive gear 1802 is adapted to be located outside of the frame element, accessible to a user, and is rotatable relative to the frame element.

[0176] In various embodiments, the universal cap 1800 includes only one gear (e.g., only the ring-shaped receiving gear 1806) including the engagement member 1804 configured to be translated by a user by turning the ring-shaped receiving gear 1806. In these various embodiments, the universal cap 1800 includes a gripping member (e.g., a winged screw head, a non-slip grip, etc.) coupled to the ring-shaped receiving gear 1806 to enable a user to rotate the ring-shaped receiving gear 1806 in an ergonomic manner. In various embodiments, the ring-shaped receiving gear 1806 is rotatably coupled to a frame element, at least a portion of which is positioned outside of the frame element for a user to access the portion.

[0177] FIG. 19A is a perspective view of a universal cap 1900 in an engaged configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 19B is a perspective view of the universal cap 1900 in a disengaged configuration. Reference is made to both FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B In various embodiments, the universal cap 1900 includes a clamp apparatus including a first arm 1902 and a second arm 1904 rotatably coupled to the first arm 1902. In various embodiments, the first arm 1902 includes a first body portion and a first coupling portion. The first body portion is adapted to extend generally along an axial direction of the universal cap 1900. The first coupling portion extends at an obtuse angle from the first body portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the first coupling portion includes two arms extending from one end of the first body portion. In various embodiments, the first arm 1902 further includes a first engagement portion extending transversely from the first body portion and extending in a radially inward direction relative to an axis of the universal cap 1800. The first engagement portion is adapted to contact an injection pen when the universal cap 1900 is in an engaged configuration. In some of these various embodiments, the first body portion, the first coupling portion, and the first engagement portion are formed as an integral structure.

[0178] In various embodiments, the second arm 1904 includes a second body portion and a second coupling portion. The second body portion is adapted to extend generally along an axial direction of the universal cap 1900. The second coupling portion extends at an obtuse angle from the second body portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the second coupling portion includes two arms extending from one end of the second body portion. The first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are adapted to be rotationally connected. In various embodiments, the second arm 1904 further includes a second engagement portion extending transversely from the second body portion and extending in a radially inward direction relative to an axis of the universal cap 1800. The second engagement portion is adapted to contact an injection pen when the universal cap 1900 is in an engaged configuration. In some of these various embodiments, the second body portion, the second coupling portion, and the second engagement portion are formed as an integral structure.

[0179] In various embodiments, the universal cap 1900 includes a screw element 1908 configured to move the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 between the disengaged configuration and the engaged configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal ends of the first engagement portion are rotationally coupled between the ends of the second engagement portion, the obtuse angles of the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 facing each other. In the illustrated embodiment, the first arm 1902 includes a mounting bracket. In this embodiment, the universal cap further includes mounting pins provided with screw holes formed therein that are adapted to receive the screw element 1908. A first mounting pin is connected to the mounting bracket of the first arm, and a second mounting pin is connected to the second coupling portion, such as at the distal end of the second coupling portion relative to the connection between the second coupling portion and the second body portion. In other embodiments, the respective mounting pins are formed as an integral structure with the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904, respectively. In various embodiments, one of the mounting elements defines a through hole, and the other mounting element defines a threaded through hole. In various embodiments, the screw element 1908 includes a threaded portion that engages the threaded hole and a locking groove configured to maintain the position of the screw element 1908 along its longitudinal axis relative to the through hole while allowing the screw element 1908 to rotate. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the second mounting pin defines a threaded through hole, and the first mounting pin defines a through hole. In this configuration, the screw element 1908 is configured to translate along its axis relative to the second mounting element and the second arm 1904 and rotate the first arm 1902 relative to the second arm 1904 about the connection point between the first and second coupling portions.

[0180] During operation, when the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 are in the disengaged position, the injection pen 1906 can be inserted between the first and second arms. When the injection pen 1906 is positioned between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904, the screw element 1908 is configured to rotate, which rotates the first arm 1902 relative to the second arm about the connection point and swings the first arm 1902 radially inward toward the second arm 1904. This rotation causes the first arm 1902 and the second arm to engage the injection pen 1906. Thus, when the first arm 1902 and the second arm have engaged the injection pen 1906, the universal cap 1900 is in the engaged position and is configured to secure the injection pen 1906 with the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904.

[0181] In various other embodiments, the universal cap 1900 includes a torsion spring positioned about a connection point between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904. In some of these various other embodiments, the torsion spring is engaged with the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 such that the torsion spring resistively urges the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 inward about the connection point between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 to the engaged configuration of the universal cap 1900. In these various embodiments, the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 include first and second lever portions, respectively, each extending beyond the connection point between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904. The first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 are configured to rotate about the connection point to the disengaged configuration in response to a user exerting an inward force on the first and second lever portions that resists the urging force of the torsion spring. While the inward force is maintained on the first and second lever portions to resist the urging force of the torsion spring, the universal cap 1900 is configured to receive an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 1906) between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904. Further, the universal cap 1900 is configured to engage the injection pen 1906 in response to the user releasing the inward force on the first and second lever portions, with the torsion spring causing the first arm 1902 to swing radially inward relative to the second arm 1904 and rotatably about the connection point between the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904. The radial inward swing of the first arm causes the first arm 1902, and thus the second arm 1904, to engage the injection pen 1906 placed between the arms.

[0182] In various embodiments, an electromechanical actuator is coupled to at least one arm selected from the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904, such as via the screw element 1908. The electromechanical actuator is configured to rotate the at least one arm, the rotation being selected from the following: rotating the second arm 1904 relative to the first arm 1902, and rotating the first arm 1902 relative to the second arm 1904.

[0183] FIG. 20A is a perspective view of the universal cap 2000 in the engaged configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 20B is a perspective view of the universal cap 2000 in the disengaged configuration. Reference is made to FIG. 20A and FIG. 20BIn various embodiments, the universal cap 2000 includes a first arm 2002 and a second arm 2004 rotatably coupled to the first arm 2002. In various embodiments, the universal cap 2000 includes an electromechanical actuator 2008 coupled to each of the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2008 is configured to rotate the second arm 2004 relative to the first arm 2002. The universal cap 2000 can be substantially similar to the universal cap 1900, but differ in that they include the electromechanical actuator 2008 and the operations it provides. Specifically, in various embodiments, the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004 include the same various features and connections as the first arm 1902 and the second arm 1904 described above.

[0184] In various embodiments, the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004 are configured to receive an injection pen (e.g., the injection pen 2006). In some of these various embodiments, the universal cap 2000 is configured to receive the injection pen 2006 between the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004 when in the disengaged configuration (e.g., as shown in FIG. 20B When actuated, the electromechanical actuator 2008 is configured to rotate the first arm 2002 radially inward about the point of connection between the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004 and relative to the second arm 2004 to an engaged position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 20A Accordingly, upon actuation of the electromechanical actuator 2008, the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004 are configured to engage the injection pen 2006 inserted between the first arm 2002 and the second arm 2004.

[0185] In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2008 can be a solenoid actuator. In other various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2008 can be a servo actuator. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2008 can be configured to draw power only during configuration changes to transition or adjust the universal cap between configuration states (e.g., between the open position and the closed position as shown in FIG. 17 B and 17A, respectively), such as from a first configuration in which the universal cap is not intended to engage an injection pen to a second configuration in which the universal cap is intended to engage an injection pen.

[0186] FIG. 21A is a perspective view of a universal cap 2100 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 21B is a side view of the universal cap 2100. FIG. 21C is a side view of the universal cap 2100 in a disengaged state. FIG. 21A and 22B is a side view of the universal cap 2100 in an engaged state. FIG. 21D is a side view of the universal cap 2100 in an engaged state. FIGS. 21A-21C is a side view of the universal cap 2100 in an engaged state. FIG. 21Eis in an engaged state FIGS. 21A-21D a perspective view of a universal cap 2100.

[0187] Referring to FIGS. 21A-21E In various embodiments, the universal cap 2100 includes a collet 2102 and an outer sleeve 2104. In various embodiments, the collet 2102 includes an end portion and a plurality of elongate members 2110 oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the universal cap and extending from the end portion and in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100, such as parallel to the central longitudinal axis. In various embodiments, each elongate member 2110 of the collet 2102 includes a tapered portion having a width that tapers along a longitudinal length thereof. The tapered width increases in a radial direction from one end of the tapered portion proximal to the end portion to one end of the tapered portion proximal to an open end of the collet 2102 (distal to the end portion).

[0188] The outer sleeve 2104 is disposed about the plurality of elongate members 2110. In various embodiments, the outer sleeve 2104 includes an annular shape, such as a hollow right circular cylinder. The outer sleeve 2104 and the elongate members 2110 are configured for relative movement therebetween, with the outer sleeve 2104 sliding relative to a radially outermost surface of the elongate members 2110 based on the relative movement therebetween. In various embodiments, the outer sleeve 2104 is configured to engage the elongate members 2110 at a point along a lateral surface of the elongate members 2110. For example, in various embodiments, the elongate members 2110 include a tapered width, with a diameter of an inner radial surface of the outer sleeve 2104 engaging the elongate members, wherein a circumference of the collet is greater than a circumference of the inner radial surface of the outer sleeve 2104, thereby causing the plurality of elongate members 2110 to bend radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100. Accordingly, when an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 2106) is inserted into the universal cap 2100, the elongate members 2110 engage the injection pen in response to the outer sleeve 2104 translating relative to the elongate members 2110 along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100, thereby causing the elongate members 2110 to bend radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100 into an engaged state, as shown in FIG. 21D and 21E .

[0189] In various embodiments, the inner radial surface of the outer sleeve 2104 is a straight cylinder having a diameter that is greater than the outer diameter of the tapered portion at an end proximal to the end portion and less than the outer diameter of the tapered portion at an end distal to the end portion. In various embodiments, the inner radial surface of the outer sleeve 2104 is tapered, complementary to the tapered elongate members 2110, such that as the relative axial position of the outer sleeve 2104 and the universal cap 2100 changes the position of the outer sleeve 2104 along the longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100 to a position distal from the end portion, causing the plurality of elongate members 2110 to flex radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal cap 2100 to an engaged state, the inner radial surface of the outer sleeve 2104 will substantially complementarily engage the tapered outer surface of one or more of the elongate members 2110. In various embodiments, the taper of the inner radial surface is substantially complementary to the taper of the tapered portion along the first axial direction position of the collet 2102, and the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 2104 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the tapered portion. Changing the position of the outer sleeve 2104 at a second position relative to the first position in the axial direction distal from the end portion, where the outer diameter of the tapered portion is greater than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 2104 at the corresponding position, results in a radial interference between the outer sleeve 2104 and the elongate members 2110, which causes the elongate members to flex radially inward.

[0190] In various embodiments, the universal cap 2100 includes a clicker mechanism 2112 configured to move the collet 2102 relative to the outer sleeve 2104, and the outer sleeve 2104 is fixed relative to the outer cover of the universal cap 2100. In some of these various embodiments, the outer sleeve 2104 is formed as an integral structure with the outer cover.

[0191] FIGS. 22A-22C An example clicker mechanism is shown in FIGS. 13A-13D. Referring now to FIG. 13A, FIGS. 22A-22C , FIG. 22A is a side view of an example clicker mechanism. FIG. 22B is a perspective view of the clicker mechanism in a closed position. FIG. 22Cis a perspective view of the clicker mechanism in an open position. In various embodiments, the clicker mechanism includes a button 2204, a guide element 2210, a biasing member, and a cam element 2202. The button 2204 is located at a closed end of the universal cap 2100, opposite an open end of the universal cap 2100 adapted to receive the injection pen 2106. The guide element 2210 extends axially from the button 2204 and is adapted to engage the cam element 2202. In some of these various embodiments, the guide element 2210 is formed as an integral structure with the button 2204. The biasing member is positioned between the button 2204 and the collet 2102, such as an end portion of the collet 2102. The biasing member is adapted to bias the collet 2102 away from the cap 2100. In various embodiments, the biasing member is a spring, such as a coil spring. The cam element 2202 is adapted to interact with the guide element 2210 to guide the position of the cam element 2202 relative to the button 2204. In various embodiments, the collet 2102 includes the cam element 2202 formed therein, such as in one of the elongate members 2110. In other various embodiments, the cam element 2202 is fixed to the collet 2102. The cam element 2202 includes a groove path 2208 adapted to guide the guide element 2210 between two positions formed in the groove path 2208. In some of these various embodiments, the groove path 2208 is substantially similar to the groove path 502, including the first passageway 504, the second passageway 506, and various components thereof, as described above with respect to FIGS. 4-5C. The guide element 2210 includes a pin 2206 (refer to FIG. 22B and 22C ) that is received in the groove path 2208 and is adapted to move along the groove path 2208.

[0192] In various embodiments, during operation, when the injection pen is inserted into the universal pen cap 2100, the universal pen cap 2100 is configured such that when the user applies a pushing force to the clicker mechanism, in particular the button 2204, until a click is heard or felt, the applied force releases the pin 2206 from the first position in the groove path 2208 and allows the biasing member to move the pin 2206 to the second position in the groove path 2208 and cause the elongated member 2110 to translate along its longitudinal axis and into an interference state with the outer sleeve 2104, thereby causing the elongated member 2110 to bend radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 2100 and engage the injection pen 2106 inserted therein. The universal pen cap 2100 is configured such that when the user applies a subsequent pushing force to the clicker mechanism until a click is heard or felt, the force releases the pin 2206 from the second position and pushes the pin back to the first position to cause the slender member 2110 to translate back along its longitudinal axis, breaking away from the interference state with the outer sleeve 2104, so that the inward radial force of the slender member 2110 is reduced or eliminated to reduce the engagement between the slender member 2110 and the injection pen 2106, thereby allowing the user to remove the injection pen 2106 from the universal pen cap 2100.

[0193] In various embodiments, when the pen clicker is in the disengaged configuration (e.g., FIG. 22C ), the universal pen cap 2100 is configured to receive the injection pen 2106 therein and receive a push force applied by a user to the button 2204, thereby releasing the pin from the first position in the groove path 2208 and allowing the biasing member to push the collet 2102 and the pin 2206 to travel along the groove path 2208 to the second position, wherein the universal pen cap 2100 is in an engaged configuration (e.g., as FIG. 22B ). In various embodiments, the pin 2206 is urged inwardly toward the surface of the groove path 2208, such as by a second biasing element, such that when the pin 2206 moves into the recess of the groove path 2208, the user will feel and / or hear a click caused by the pin 2206 striking the surface as it enters the recess in the groove path 2208. When the clicker mechanism is in the engaged configuration, the universal pen cap 2100 is configured to receive a pushing force applied by the user to the button 2204 until a click is heard or felt, and in response to releasing the button 2204, the pin 2206 travels along the groove path 2208 to the open position. In various embodiments, moving the universal pen cap 2100 from the open position to the closed position, or vice versa, causes the outer sleeve 2104 to translate relative to the elongated member 2110 along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 2100, rather than causing the elongated member 2110 to move relative to the outer sleeve 2104.

[0194] In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 2100 includes an electromechanical actuator 2310, such as FIG. 23A andFIG. 23B As shown in the universal pen cap 2300. FIG. 23A is a perspective view of a universal pen cap 2300 with an electromechanical actuator 2310 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 23B yes FIG. 23A Also refer to the cross-sectional perspective view of the universal pen cap 2300. FIG. 23A and 23B , the universal pen cap 2300 can be similar to the universal pen cap 2100, but includes an electromechanical actuator 2310. Specifically, in various embodiments, the universal pen cap 2300 includes a collet 2304 that is identical or substantially similar to the collet 2102, and includes an outer sleeve 2306 that is identical or substantially similar to the outer sleeve 2104. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 is configured to slide the outer sleeve 2104 along the radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongated members 2314 of the collet 2304. Alternatively, the electromechanical actuator 2310 is configured to slide the outer sleeve 2104 along the radially innermost surface of another sleeve 2308.

[0195] In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 comprises a servo actuator. In some of these various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 comprises a gear 2322 that rotates about the longitudinal axis of the electromechanical actuator 2310. Furthermore, the outer sleeve 2306 comprises a ridged receiving section 2320 disposed at least partially along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 2300 on an outer radial surface of the outer sleeve 2306 and comprising a series of ridges substantially complementary to the gear 2322, such that rotation of the gear 2322 is configured to translate the outer sleeve 2306 relative to the elongated member 2314 along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 2300. The injection pen 2302 is also depicted.

[0196] In various other embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 comprises a solenoid actuator. In some of these various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 at least partially surrounds the outer sleeve 2306. Furthermore, the outer sleeve 2306 comprises a magnetic material such that actuation of the solenoid electromechanical actuator 2310 surrounding the outer sleeve 2104 causes the outer sleeve 2306 to translate along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 2300. In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 2310 is configured to be actuated by an actuation device. In various embodiments, the actuation device comprises an input selected from a button or a switch.

[0197] In certain instances, a cap (including at least one of the various universal cap embodiments disclosed herein) can obscure or cover different portions of an injection pen, depending on the length of the injection pen or the length of the cap. This can lead to potential issues, as injection pens often include important information that is typically disposed on labels on the lateral surface of the injection pen, which can be covered or obscured by the universal cap. Accordingly, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the universal cap includes one or more adjustable chassis elements configured to adjust the distance that an injection pen can be inserted into the universal cap. In various embodiments, the one or more adjustable chassis elements include a chassis block element defining a cavity configured to accommodate the geometry of an injection pen. For example, in various embodiments, the universal cap includes a chassis block element and a drive mechanism configured to adjust the positioning of the chassis block element along a longitudinal axis and within the universal cap, thereby adjusting the distance that an injection pen can be inserted within the universal cap. In various embodiments, the drive mechanism includes an electromechanical actuator. In other various embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a mechanical actuator configured to be actuated by a user.

[0198] Reference is now made to FIG. 24 , FIG. 24 is a semi-transparent side view of an exemplary chassis block element 2400 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the chassis block element 2400 defines a cavity 2402 and a hole 2404. In various embodiments, the cavity 2402 is configured to accommodate at least a portion of the tip of an injection pen when the injection pen is inserted into the hole 2404. In some of these various embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24 , the cavity 2402 includes a space defined to account for a needle and / or a needle cover on the tip of the injection pen.

[0199] FIG. 25A is a semi-transparent side view of a universal cap including an adjustable chassis element 2500 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 25B is a side exploded view of a universal cap having an adjustable chassis element 2500. Referring to FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B , in various embodiments, the adjustable chassis element 2500 includes a chassis block element 2400 and an electromechanical actuator 2508. The electromechanical actuator 2508 is operably coupled to a lead screw element 2510, and the chassis block element 2400 includes a receiving threaded portion 2512 configured to receive the lead screw element 2510.

[0200] In various embodiments, the electromechanical actuator 1704 is configured to rotate the lead screw element 2510 about a central longitudinal axis of the lead screw element 2510. Further, the lead screw element 2510 is configured to mate with the receiving threaded portion 2512 such that rotation of the lead screw element 2510 in a first circumferential direction causes translation of the base plate block 2506 in a first axial direction along the longitudinal axis of the base plate block element 2400 and rotation of the lead screw element 2510 in a second circumferential direction opposite the first circumferential direction causes translation of the base plate block 2506 in a second axial direction opposite the first axial direction along the longitudinal axis of the base plate block element 2400. In various embodiments, the base plate block 2506 is positioned within an outer tube element (e.g., a cap barrel 2516) such that an injection pen (e.g., an injection pen 2514) is received into the base plate block 2506 when inserted into the universal cap barrel.

[0201] Accordingly, a user can adjust the depth of an injection pen (e.g., an injection pen 2514) inserted into an outer tube element (e.g., a cap barrel 2516) by actuating the electromechanical actuator 2508 to translate the base plate block 2506 within the cap barrel.

[0202] FIG. 26A is a cross-sectional side view of an annular base plate block 2606 coupled with a cap 2602 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 26B is FIG. 26A is a semi-cross-sectional side view of an injection pen partially inserted into the annular base plate block 2606. Reference is made to FIG. 26A and 26B In various embodiments, the annular base plate block 2606 includes a body, an outer flange 2618, and an inner flange. The body includes an annular shape and a ridge 2604 disposed circumferentially around at least a portion of an outer cylindrical surface of the annular shape. In various embodiments, the ridge 2604 extends cylindrically in the form of a ring or a ring sector. In other various embodiments, the ridge 2604 defines an external thread. The outer flange 2618 extends radially outward from a first end of the body and defines a lip adapted to abut an end of the cap 2602. The inner flange extends radially inward from an inner surface of the body at a second end of the body opposite the first end, the inner surface defining a cavity. The second end is adapted to be received within an end of the cap 2602. In various embodiments, the annular base plate block 2606 includes one or more flexible arms 2608 disposed within a cavity formed within the body of the annular base plate block 2606 and extending adjacent to at least a portion of an inner circumferential surface and in an axial direction away from the second end and toward the first end, the direction being opposite the cap 2602. In various embodiments, the one or more flexible arms 2608 overhang at least a portion of the inner circumferential surface. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the one or more flexible arms 2608 extend axially from an annular surface defined by the inner flange, have a cantilevered configuration within the cavity, and are adjacent to at least a portion of the inner surface.

[0203] In various embodiments, the size, shape, and angle of the one or more flexible arms 2608 are designed such that the one or more flexible arms 2608 allow at least partial insertion into an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 2610), such as FIG. 26B In some embodiments, the one or more flexible arms 2608 extend primarily in an axial direction and also partially extend radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the annular base plate 2606, such that when the injection pen is inserted, the one or more flexible arms 2608 bend outward toward the inner lateral surface of the annular base plate 2606 to accommodate the periphery of the injection pen. In various embodiments, the one or more flexible arms are configured to engage with features of the injection pen. FIG. 26B As shown, injection pens typically feature a circumferentially positioned ridge or lip (e.g., pen lip 2612) where the barrel meets the handle. Accordingly, in various embodiments, one or more flexible arms 2608 include a baseplate lip 2614 configured to engage the pen lip to prevent the one or more flexible arms 2608 from sliding on the surface of the injection pen. In various embodiments, the baseplate lip 2614 protrudes inward. In some of these various embodiments, the lip 2614 has a spherical cross-section that protrudes radially inward at one end of the one or more flexible arms 2608.

[0204] In various embodiments, the plurality of ridges 2604 are configured to complementarily mate with the cap ridges 2616, such that the cap ridge 2616 fits between two of the plurality of ridges 2604, as shown in FIG. FIG. 26A and FIG. 26BAs shown. In various embodiments, when one or more flexible arms 2608 engage the injection pen lip 2612, the annular base block 2606 translates along the longitudinal axis of the cap 2602 in response to a sustained push force applied by the user until the cap 2602 engages the base block lip 2618. In some of these various embodiments, when the user inserts an injection pen (e.g., injection pen 2610) into the annular base block 2606 until the point where one or more flexible arms 2608 engage the injection pen lip 2612, the plurality of ridges 2604 translate over the cap ridges 2616 in response to a sustained push force applied by the user until the base block lip 2618 engages the cap 2602. Thus, if the user switches from a shorter pen barrel to a longer pen barrel, the user will push the injection pen into the cap 2602, the injection pen and one or more flexible arms 2608 will engage earlier, and the sustained push force will cause the annular base block 2606 to automatically translate until the end of the injection pen engages the cap 2602 or until the cap 2602 engages the base block lip 2618. Further, if the user later wants to replace a longer injection pen, the user can manually pull the annular base block to the desired length, and in various embodiments, where the ridges 2604 define external threads, the user can manually turn the annular base block to modify the length of the cap 2602 and annular base block 2606 combination. In various embodiments, the annular base block 2606 includes a button operably coupled to one or more springs configured to release the annular base block 2606. The one or more springs are adapted and arranged to translate the annular base block 2606 between a longest position and a shortest position of the annular base block 2606 relative to the cap 2602 in response to actuation of the button.

[0205] As described above, in other various embodiments, the plurality of ridges 2604 define external threads and are in the form of helical ridges extending at least one turn circumferentially around the exterior lateral surface of the annular base block 2606. The helical ridges are configured to operably mate with the cap ridges 2616 such that rotation of the cap 2602 or the annular base block 2606 will cause the cap ridges 2616 to pass between adjacent helical ridges / threads to allow the annular base block 2606 to translate within the cap 2602 along the longitudinal axis.

[0206] Figure 27A is a cutaway side view of a universal cap 2700 including an adjustable base block system 2704 in a first position, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Figure 27B is a cutaway side view of a universal cap 2700 including an adjustable base block system 2704 in a second position, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Figure 27AFIG. 27 is a cross-sectional side view of a universal cap in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the universal cap 2700 includes a housing 2702 configured to receive an injection pen 2714. In various embodiments, an adjustable floor system 2704 includes an internal thread 2706 formed in the housing 2702 and an externally threaded shaft 2708 configured to be threaded into the internal thread 2706. The externally threaded shaft 2708 includes an end 2710 configured to define an adjustable floor that is movable by threading the externally threaded shaft 2708 into or out of the internal thread 2706. In various embodiments, in response to the injection pen 2714 being inserted into the housing 2702, the externally threaded shaft 2708 moves within the pen barrel 2702 to adjust the internal length of the housing 2702 from the opening 2716 to the end 2710 of the externally threaded shaft 2708 to accommodate the length of the injection pen 2714 or the length of a portion of the injection pen 2714 that is configured to be received within the cap. In various embodiments, the externally threaded shaft 2708 is configured to be locked in place within the housing 2702 with a catch (e.g., a tooth or hook on the inside of the barrel, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the universal cap 2700 includes an electromechanical drive mechanism 2712 (e.g., a motor, a servo, or a solenoid mechanism, but not limited thereto). The electromechanical drive mechanism 2712 is configured to turn the externally threaded shaft 2708 and move the end 2710 in an axial direction relative to its axis to change the position of the end 2710 relative to the opening 2716.

[0207] Figure 28A FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional side view of a universal cap 2800 including an adjustable floor system 2802 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 28B FIG. 29 shows the universal cap 2800 including the adjustable floor system 2802 in a second position. Figure 28AFIG. 27 shows a cross-sectional side view of a universal cap 2700. In various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system includes an inner tube 2704, a rotating nut 2706, and a threaded post 2712. The inner tube 2704 is configured to receive the rotating nut 2706 therein. The rotating nut 2706 includes an inner thread 2708 formed at one end and a cavity 2710 formed at its opposite end. The cavity 2710 is configured to receive a portion of an injection pen, including its tip. The threaded post 2712 includes an outer thread that is configured to mate with the inner thread 2708 of the rotating nut 2706. The rotating nut 2706 is configured to rotate on the threaded post 2712, causing the rotating nut 2706 to axially translate within the inner tube 2704 along its longitudinal axis. As the rotating nut 2706 moves within the inner tube 2704, the position of the cavity 2710 can be moved to a known position, accounting for the proper length of a particular injection pen received within the universal cap 2700. The rotating nut 2706 can be translated along the threaded post 2712 by various mechanisms. In various embodiments, the cavity 2710 includes a cutout 2714 that is configured to receive a needle and needle cover of an injection pen. In various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system 2702 includes magnets 2716 positioned within the rotating nut 2706 (e.g., positioned radially outward from the cavity 2710 and uniformly spaced circumferentially around the rotating nut 2706). In various embodiments, the magnets 2716 are permanent magnets. In various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system 2702 includes an offset post 2718 extending radially outward from the inner tube 2704 and a coil 2720 wrapped around the offset post 2718. In various embodiments, the offset post 2718 is uniformly spaced circumferentially around the inner tube 2704 (e.g., on the top and bottom of the inner tube 2704, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system 2702 includes an electromechanical actuator 2722 configured to rotate the threaded post 2712. In various embodiments, the combination of the magnets 2716, the coil 2720, and the electromechanical actuator 2722 are configured to translate the rotating nut 2706 in an axial direction within the inner tube 2704 by translating the rotating nut 2706 along the threaded post 2712. Although the combination of the magnets 2716, the coil 2720, and the electromechanical actuator 2722 are shown, in various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system 2702 includes a single magnet 2716 positioned within the rotating nut 2706 and a single coil 2720 positioned radially outward from the inner tube 2704 and uniformly spaced circumferentially around the inner tube 2704. Figure 28A and 28B Although a combination of a single inner thread 2708 and threaded post 2712 is shown, in various embodiments, the adjustable chassis system 2702 includes multiple inner threads 2708 formed within the rotating nut 2706, each arranged with a corresponding threaded post 2712.

[0208] In various embodiments, the calibration of any adjustable chassis system disclosed herein (e.g., the adjustable chassis system 2704 and the adjustable chassis system 2802, but not limited thereto) is configured to be self-calibrating or pre-programmed calibration (but not limited thereto).

[0209] Figure 29is a cutaway side view of a universal pen cap 2912 including an adjustable chassis system 2900 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the universal pen cap 2900 includes an inner tube 2902, a clasp mechanism 2904, a clasp mechanism motor 2906, a release sensor 2908, an entry sensor 2910, an insertion sensor 2920, an adjustable chassis system 2912, and a controller 2922. The clasp mechanism 2904 is configured to actuate from a disengaged state to an engaged state to secure the tip of an injection pen within the inner tube 2902 by exerting a compressive force thereon in the engaged state. The clasp mechanism motor 2906 is configured to actuate the clasp mechanism 2904 between the disengaged state and the engaged state in response to signals received from the controller 2922.

[0210] In various embodiments, the release sensor 2908 is configured to detect a pull by a user attempting to cause relative axial motion between the injection pen and the universal pen cap 2900 in an opposite direction (i.e., by sending a signal to the controller 2922). In various embodiments, the release sensor 2908 includes a force sensor (e.g., a load cell, a strain gauge, or a pressure sensor to detect a force indicative of a user attempting to pull the injection pen from the universal pen cap 2900, without limitation). For example, in various embodiments, the release sensor 2908 is operably coupled to one or more adaptable elements of the universal pen cap 2900 (e.g., the clasp mechanism 2904 and the clasp mechanism motor 2906, without limitation) and, in response to detecting a force on the adaptable elements engaging the injection pen caused by a user attempting to remove the universal pen cap 2900 from the injection pen, communicates data indicative of an attempt to remove the injection pen from the universal pen cap 2900, which causes the clasp mechanism motor 2906 to actuate the clasp mechanism 2904 from the engaged state to the disengaged state to release the injection pen. In various embodiments, the clasp mechanism motor 2906 and the release sensor 2908 are operably coupled to the controller 2922 and the controller is configured to cause the clasp mechanism motor 2906 to release the injection pen in response to receiving data indicative of an attempt to remove the injection pen from the release sensor 2908. In various embodiments, the controller is configured to cause the clasp mechanism motor 2906 to actuate the clasp mechanism 2904 to the disengaged state in response to the detected force being greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0211] In various embodiments, the release sensor 2908 is configured to detect a force exerted on the injection pen by one or more adaptable elements (e.g., a clamping force exerted by the clasp mechanism 2904, without limitation). For example, in various embodiments, the release sensor 2908 is configured to detect a force with which the clasp mechanism 2904 engages the injection pen and, in response to the detected force, communicates data corresponding to the force to the controller 2922.

[0212] In various embodiments, the entry sensor 2910 is configured to detect insertion of an injection pen into the universal cap 2900 (e.g., into the inner tube 2902, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the entry sensor 2910 is positioned proximate the opening of the inner tube 2902 and is configured to detect the presence of an object, such as an injection pen, at the opening of the inner tube 2902. While specific locations on the universal cap are discussed, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the entry sensor 2910 can be placed in any location on the universal cap 2900 within range of the opening of the universal cap 2900 to detect the presence of an injection pen at or near the mouth / opening of the universal cap 2900 (e.g., during insertion or removal) in various embodiments.

[0213] In various embodiments, the entry sensor 2910 includes a proximity sensor configured to detect objects that come within a detectable proximal distance thereof. In various embodiments, the proximity sensor includes at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of an optical sensor configured to detect a shape, light, or motion within an operable distance of the optical sensor; and an infrared sensor configured to detect a transmissive or reflective infrared indicator within an operable distance of the infrared sensor. In various embodiments, the entry sensor 2910 is configured to send data to the controller 2922 indicating detection of an entry event of a pen.

[0214] In various embodiments, the adjustable floor system 2912 includes an adjustable floor 2914, an adjustable floor actuator 2916 configured to move the adjustable floor 2914 axially within the inner tube 2902, and an adjustable floor motor 2918 configured to cause actuation of the adjustable floor actuator 2916. In various embodiments, the adjustable floor system 2912 includes any combination of one or more aspects of the adjustable floor systems disclosed herein.

[0215] In various embodiments, the insertion sensor 2920 is configured to detect when an injection pen is fully inserted into the universal cap 2900. In various embodiments, the insertion sensor 2920 is configured to detect the position of an injection pen within the universal cap 2900 such that actuation of one or more adaptable elements of the universal cap will secure the injection pen within the universal cap 2900.

[0216] In various embodiments, the insertion sensor 2920 is located at the bottom of the universal cap 2900 (e.g., at the distal end of the interior enclosure), opposite the opening thereof. In various embodiments, the insertion sensor 2920 is located at or near the adjustable platen system, and is configured to detect the proximity of the end of the injection pen to the adjustable platen system 2912 (e.g., proximity, such as contact with the adjustable platen 2914 of the adjustable platen system 2912, but not limited thereto). Those skilled in the art will appreciate the location and configuration of the insertion sensor 2920 for detecting the injection pen, which indicates that the injection pen has been substantially inserted into the universal cap 2900 (e.g., within a predetermined amount of the tip of the injection pen being inserted within the universal cap 2900, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the insertion sensor 2920 includes at least one sensor selected from a proximity sensor and a force sensor. In various embodiments, the proximity sensor is configured to detect the location of an object within a detectable distance of the proximity sensor. In various embodiments, the proximity sensor includes at least one of an optical, audio, and infrared sensing functionality to detect the presence and / or location of the tip of the injection pen located within the inner tube 2902. In various embodiments, the force sensor is configured to detect a force applied to the force sensor by the tip of the injection pen, which indicates that the user is pushing the injection pen into the fully inserted position within the universal cap 2900. In various embodiments, the force sensor includes at least one sensor selected from a load cell, a strain gauge, or a pressure sensor to detect the force when the injection pen is inserted into the universal cap 2900.

[0217] In various embodiments, the clasp mechanism 2904 is configured to actuate to the engaged state in response to the detection of the injection pen by the insertion sensor 2920 (e.g., detecting the injection pen indicating that the injection pen has been substantially inserted into the universal cap 2900, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, the insertion sensor is operably coupled to the controller 2922, and is configured to send data to the controller 2922 indicating that the injection pen has been at least substantially inserted into the universal cap 2900. In various embodiments, the controller is configured to send instructions to the clasp mechanism motor 2906 to cause the clasp mechanism motor 2906 to actuate the clasp mechanism 2904 into the engaged state with the injection pen.

[0218] In various embodiments, the controller 2922 includes a processor 2924 and a memory 2926. The memory stores computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor 2924 to control the universal cap 2900, and in various embodiments, capture data related to the insertion and removal of the injection pen and other data related thereto, such as the actuation of the clasp mechanism 2904 between the engaged and disengaged states.

[0219] In various embodiments, the processor 2924 is configured to compare data received from the insertion sensor 2920 to at least one threshold value selected from a force value threshold detected by the force sensor and a proximity value detected by the proximity sensor. In various embodiments, the at least one threshold value indicates that the injection pen has been substantially inserted into the universal cap 2900.

[0220] In various embodiments, any of the entry sensor 2910, the release sensor 2908, and the insertion sensor 2920 further comprise a sensor configured to detect at least one condition selected from contamination, wear, and damage to the universal cap 2900 and / or the injection pen. In various embodiments, the processor 2924 is configured to determine a degree of contamination, wear, and damage to the universal cap 2900 in response to data received from the sensor. In various embodiments, the processor 2924 is configured to determine a force required to be applied by the clasp mechanism 2904 to sufficiently engage the injection pen to secure the injection pen within the universal cap 2900. For example, different material surfaces used on the exterior of the injection pen can require different forces to be applied by the clasp mechanism 2904 to sufficiently engage the injection pen.

[0221] In various embodiments, the processor 2924 is configured to detect an operational error (e.g., the injection pen cannot be engaged or disengaged, but not limited to) of the universal cap 2900. In various embodiments, the processor 2924 is configured to display a message or error report to one or more user interface elements (e.g., a display screen) included in the universal cap, or transmit the message or error report to a separate user device.

[0222] Figure 30 A flowchart illustrating a method 3000 of operation of a universal cap in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In various embodiments, the method includes, in response to detecting insertion of an injection pen into the universal cap, ensuring that the clasp mechanism is open at act 3002. In various embodiments, detection of insertion of the injection pen is performed by the controller 2922 based on signals received from the entry sensor 2910 and comparing the data to predetermined values for the data. In various embodiments, the injection pen is inserted into the universal cap by a user of the injection pen.

[0223] In various embodiments, the method 3000 includes, in response to the injection pen being substantially inserted into the universal cap, clasp the injection pen with the clasp mechanism at act 3004. In various embodiments, act 3004 includes the controller 2922 causing the clasp mechanism to actuate to an engaged configuration. In various embodiments, determining that the injection pen is substantially inserted into the universal cap includes comparing data received from the insertion sensor 2920 to one or more predetermined values indicative of a position of the injection pen.

[0224] In various embodiments, the method 3000 further includes releasing the injection pen from the snap-on mechanism at act 3006 in response to detecting a relative force between the injection pen and the universal pen cap. In various embodiments, detecting a relative force between the injection pen and the universal pen cap includes the controller 2922 receiving data from the release sensor 2908 indicative of an axial force applied between the universal pen cap 2900 and the injection pen and comparing the data to a threshold indicative of a user attempting to remove the injection pen from the universal pen cap 2900.

[0225] Referring again to Figure 29 In various embodiments, the controller 2922 is configured to calibrate the adjustable chassis system 2912 (i.e., self-calibration of the universal pen cap 2900). In various embodiments, the controller 2922 utilizes data obtained from the entry sensor 2910, the release sensor 2908, and the insertion sensor 2920 to determine information related to the injection pen and the universal pen cap 2900 (e.g., the position of the tip of the injection pen relative to the adjustable chassis 2914 with the injection pen fully inserted, and the force applied to the injection pen when the snap-on mechanism 2904 is in an engaged state, without limitation). In various embodiments, the controller 2922 is configured to adjust various components of the universal pen cap 2900 in response to the obtained data (e.g., adjust the position of the adjustable chassis 2914 to position the tip of the injection pen within a predetermined threshold of the adjustable chassis 2914, and adjust the force applied to the injection pen by the snap-on mechanism 2904, such as above a first threshold to ensure the injection pen is properly secured and below a second threshold to prevent damage to the injection pen, without limitation).

[0226] In various embodiments, the controller 2922 is configured to move the adjustable chassis 2914 with the injection pen inserted until a predetermined feature is detected. For example, the entry sensor 2910 detects the injection pen and its movement, and in response, the controller 2922 causes the adjustable chassis motor 2918 to move the adjustable chassis 2914 with the injection pen until the predetermined feature reaches a predetermined position. In various embodiments, the predetermined feature is a label on the injection pen, and the adjustable chassis moves, such as until the leading edge of the label is detected, resulting in the label being visible with the injection pen substantially inserted into the universal pen cap. In various embodiments, the predetermined feature includes at least one of an indentation, a protrusion, and a marking positioned on the exterior of the injection pen at a predetermined location on the injection pen relative to placement of the label to ensure that the label is not obstructed when the injection pen is inserted into the universal pen cap. In various embodiments, the predetermined feature includes a step-down of the barrel to the grip.

[0227] In various embodiments, the controller includes a preprogrammed calibration section that includes pre-determining the relative positioning of various components based on the injection pen geometry (e.g., adjustable base plate position and clasp mechanism position in engaged and disengaged states, but not limited thereto). In various embodiments, when a user begins using a medication, they select the medication within the application through features on the mobile device or the universal cap display screen. This then prompts the adjustable base plate to move to the correct position within the universal cap according to the injection pen length so as not to obscure the label. In various embodiments, the controller 2922 obtains data related to the injection pen geometry from the application of the associated user device (e.g., the user scans a barcode, such as a linear or matrix (2D) barcode, that identifies the injection pen geometry provided by the user device to the controller 2922, but not limited thereto).

[0228] As described herein, PWDs with DFS sometimes exhibit symptoms that make it difficult to remove or safely cover a medical injection pen. As the PWD is unable to inject the required dose or is unable to safely cover the needle itself, it can be advantageous to enable the universal cap to automatically engage or disengage with the injection pen in order to facilitate easier removal or covering of the injection pen, which can further reduce the cognitive burden the PWD must endure on a daily basis and help ensure that the PWD is able to inject the required dose of medication / drug.

[0229] In various embodiments, the controller 2922 is configured for data capture events related to the removal and replacement of the universal cap 2900 from the injection pen. The data capture events can be indicative of a dosing event, but not limited thereto. In various embodiments, the data capture events include: receiving measurements from one or more sensors (e.g., the entry sensor 2910, the release sensor 2908, and the insertion sensor 2920, but not limited thereto) at the controller 2922; comparing the measurements to predetermined thresholds; identifying events that have occurred; and providing data or derivative information of the data associated with the events to at least one user, such as via the display screen, and to external devices associated with the universal cap, such as user devices. For example, the universal cap events can include, but are not limited to: detecting the injection pen entering into the universal cap, detecting the pen being inserted into the universal cap, detecting a force indicative of an attempt to remove the universal cap from the injection pen, detecting a force used to engage one or more adaptable elements of the injection pen, detecting movement or orientation of the universal cap, and detecting a temperature of the universal cap or a temperature of the medication / drug within the injection pen inserted into the universal cap.

[0230] In various embodiments, one or more sensors (e.g., inlet sensor 2910, release sensor 2908, and insertion sensor 2920, but not limited to) include an accelerometer. In various embodiments, the universal cap is configured to automatically wake up (e.g., start using power) in response to a detected shaking or change in orientation of the accelerometer. In some of these various embodiments, one or more adaptable elements included on the universal cap are configured to actuate in response to received accelerometer data (e.g., detected shaking or change in orientation). In various embodiments, the universal cap is configured to automatically enter a sleep mode (e.g., enter a low or no power consumption state) in response to not receiving any data from the accelerometer and other sensors for a predetermined period of time.

[0231] Further, in various embodiments, the universal cap is also configured to better secure the injection pen by preventing accidental actuation of one or more adaptable elements included in the universal cap, such as from accidental movements of the universal cap, e.g., due to shaking or dropping the universal cap. For example, in various embodiments, the accelerometer is configured to detect drops or accidental or incidental movements of the injection pen that are caused by everyday movements of the user holding or carrying the universal cap, as opposed to forces intentionally applied to the injection pen and universal cap in order to remove the injection pen. In these embodiments, the accelerometer is configured to ignore the detected movements. Further, in various embodiments, the accelerometer is configured to collect information or data related to drops of the injection pen and universal cap, which can be used to assess safety, warranty, and device failure information. In various embodiments, the universal cap is configured to display information related to drops to a user interface device (e.g., display) included on the universal cap and / or send data related to drops to a user device associated with the universal cap.

[0232] In various embodiments, the universal cap includes a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature of the universal cap, a temperature of the injection pen, and / or a temperature of a drug / medicament inside the injection pen inserted into the universal cap. In various embodiments, the controller is configured to issue an alert to the user in response to the temperature sensor detecting a temperature that is above or below one or more predetermined thresholds. In various embodiments, the alert includes temperature information of a medicament in the injection pen inserted into the universal cap. In various embodiments, the universal cap includes a display on its exterior to display usage patterns, such as, for example, a temperature of the universal cap or a temperature of a drug / medicament inside the injection pen inserted into the universal cap over a period of time.

[0233] Figure 31 A block diagram of a system 3100 is shown. The system 3100 includes a universal cap, one or more sensors, and an electromechanical actuator.

[0234] Figure 32A flowchart of a method 3200 of operation of a universal cap (e.g., any universal cap of the present disclosure) is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In operation 3202 of method 3100, the universal cap is configured to detect a universal cap event using one or more sensors. In operation 3204 of method 3200, the universal cap actuates one or more adaptable elements in response to detecting the universal cap event.

[0235] Figure 33 A flowchart of a method 3300 of actuating one or more adaptable elements of a universal cap in response to detecting insertion of an injection pen into the universal cap is shown. In operation 3302, the universal cap detects an insertion attempt of an injection pen using one or more sensors. In operation 3304, the universal cap confirms that the one or more adaptable elements are in a disengaged configuration. In various embodiments, in response to the one or more sensors detecting that the one or more adaptable elements are in an engaged configuration and are not engaged with an injection pen, the universal cap moves the one or more adaptable elements to a disengaged configuration to enable subsequent insertion of an injection pen. In operation 3306, the cap detects whether an injection pen has been fully inserted into the universal cap. In various embodiments, full insertion includes insertion of an injection pen such that a distal end of the injection pen is within a predetermined distance of a closed longitudinal end of the universal cap. In some of these various embodiments, full insertion includes insertion of an injection pen such that a distal end of the injection pen is within a floor block element (e.g., any floor block element of the present disclosure, but not limited thereto). Further, full insertion includes placement of an injection pen within a universal cap such that it substantially conforms to a predetermined positioning. In operation 3308, the universal cap actuates the one or more adaptable elements to a disengaged configuration. In various embodiments, upon insertion of an injection pen into a universal cap (e.g., any universal cap discussed herein, but not limited thereto), the universal cap will actuate the one or more adaptable elements such that they removably engage the injection pen.

[0236] Figure 34A flowchart illustrating a method 3400 of actuating one or more adaptable elements of a universal cap in response to a detected force is shown. In various embodiments, the method 3400 is performed by a device or system, such as the universal cap for a medicament injection pen disclosed herein. In operation 3402, the universal cap detects, using a sensor, a force indicative of an attempt to remove the injection pen from the universal cap. In various embodiments, the sensor detects a force generated when a user attempts to remove the universal cap from the injection pen, where the universal cap is engaged with the injection pen. In operation 3404, the universal cap confirms that the one or more adaptable elements are in an engaged configuration. For example, the sensor detects that the one or more adaptable elements are engaged with an injection pen that has been inserted into the universal cap. In other various embodiments, the sensor detects that the one or more adaptable elements are in an engaged configuration, but are not engaged with an injection pen. In operation 3406, the universal cap actuates the one or more adaptable elements to a disengaged configuration in response to the detected force being greater than a predetermined threshold. In various embodiments, moving to the disengaged configuration causes the one or more adaptable elements to no longer be engaged with the injection pen. In various embodiments, the disengaged configuration causes the one or more adaptable elements to reduce the force exerted on the injection pen, thereby reducing engagement with the injection pen so that the user can remove the injection pen. In various embodiments, the universal cap performs additional operations to check to confirm that the one or more adaptable elements have moved to the disengaged configuration. In various embodiments, the universal cap detects removal of the injection pen after the one or more adaptable elements move to the disengaged configuration.

[0237] Figure 35 is a block diagram of an example computing device 3514 configured to be utilized within and / or as part of the universal cap disclosed herein. In various embodiments, the computing device 3514 is configured (e.g., programmed, but not limited thereto) to perform one or more processes described above. It will be appreciated that one or more computing devices can implement the computing device 3514. The computing device 3514 includes a processor 3502, a memory 3502, a storage device 3506, an I / O interface 3508, and a communication interface 3510, which are communicatively coupled by a communication infrastructure 3512. While Figure 35 An example computing device is shown in Figure 35 The components shown in are not intended to be limiting. Additional or alternative components can be used in other various embodiments. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the computing device 3514 includes fewer components than those shown in Figure 35 The components of the computing device 3514 shown in will now be described in greater detail. Figure 35 The components of the computing device 3514 shown in will now be described in greater detail.

[0238] In one or more embodiments, the processor 3502 includes hardware for executing instructions, such as those that make up a computer program. As an example and not by way of limitation, to execute instructions, the processor 3502 retrieves (or fetches) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, the memory 3504, or the storage 3506, decodes and executes them, and then writes any results back to an internal register, an internal cache, the memory 3504, or the storage 3506. In one or more embodiments, the processor 3502 includes one or more internal caches for data, instructions, or both. As an example and not by way of limitation, the processor 3502 includes one or more instruction caches, one or more data caches, and one or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs). Instructions in the instruction caches can be copies of instructions from the memory 3504 or the storage 3506. In various embodiments, the memory 3504 is used for storing data, metadata, and programs for execution by the one or more processors. The memory 3504 includes one or more volatile memory or non-volatile memory such as random access memory (“RAM”), read-only memory (“ROM”), a solid state disk (“SSD”), flash memory, phase change memory (“PCM”), or other types of data storage. In various embodiments, the memory 3504 is internal or distributed.

[0239] The storage 3506 includes memory for storing data or instructions. As an example and not by way of limitation, the storage 3506 includes non-transitory storage media such as the above. In various embodiments, the storage 3506 includes at least one memory that is selected from a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, a flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a magnetic tape, a universal serial bus (USB) drive, or a combination of two or more of these. In various embodiments, the storage 3506 includes removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, as appropriate. The storage 3506 can be internal or external, as appropriate. In one or more embodiments, the storage 3506 is non-volatile solid-state memory. In other various embodiments, the storage 3506 includes read-only memory (ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM can be mask-programmed ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0240] I / O interface 3508 allows a user to provide input to computing device 3514, receive output from computing device 3514, and otherwise transfer data to and from computing device 3514. In various embodiments, I / O interface 3508 includes a mouse, a mini- keyboard or keyboard, a touchscreen, a camera, an optical scanner, a network interface, a modem, other well-known I / O devices, or combinations of such I / O interfaces. I / O interface 3508 can include one or more devices for presenting output to a user, including, but not limited to, a graphics engine, a display (e.g., a display screen), one or more output drivers (e.g., display drivers), one or more audio speakers, and one or more audio drivers. In certain embodiments, I / O interface 3508 is configured to provide graphical data to a display for presentation to a user. The graphical data can be representative of one or more graphical user interfaces and / or any other graphical content as can serve a particular implementation.

[0241] Communication interface 3510 includes hardware, software, or both. Regardless, communication interface 3510 provides one or more interfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-based communication) between computing device 3514 and one or more other computing devices or networks. As an example and not by way of limitation, communication interface 3510 can include a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with an Ethernet or other wired network or a wireless NIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as for example a WI-FI network.

[0242] Additionally or alternatively, in various embodiments, communication interface 3510 is configured to facilitate communication with one or more portions of one or more of an ad hoc network, a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, or a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one or more of these networks can be wired or wireless. For example, communication interface 3510 can facilitate communication with a wireless personal area network (WPAN) (e.g., a BLUETOOTH® WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (e.g., a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network, or a combination thereof.

[0243] ​Further, the communication interface 3510 is configured to facilitate communication of various communication protocols. Examples of communication protocols that can be used include, but are not limited to: data transfer mediums, communication devices, transmission control protocol ("TCP"), internet protocol ("IP"), file transfer protocol ("FTP"), Telnet, hypertext transfer protocol ("HTTP"), hypertext transfer protocol secure ("HTTPS"), session initiation protocol ("SIP"), simple object access protocol ("SOAP"), extensible markup language ("XML") and variants thereof, simple mail transfer protocol ("SMTP"), real-time transport protocol ("RTP"), user datagram protocol ("UDP"), global system for mobile communications ("GSM") technology, code division multiple access ("CDMA") technology, time division multiple access ("TDMA") technology, short messaging service ("SMS"), multimedia messaging service ("MMS"), radio frequency ("RF") signaling technology, long term evolution ("LTE") technology, wireless communication technologies, in-band and out-of-band signaling technologies, and other suitable communication networks and technologies.

[0244] The communication infrastructure 3512 includes hardware, software, or both that couple components of the computing device 3514 to each other. As an example, but not a limitation, the communication infrastructure 3512 can include an accelerated graphics port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an enhanced industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low pin count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCIe) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a video electronics standards board (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or interconnect, or a combination thereof.

[0245] Figure 36A -C shows a side exploded view of the various parts of the universal pen cap 3600 ready to receive various different sized administration pens (e.g., the different administration pens shown in FIGS. 15A-15C), including administration pen 3601 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 36B, the universal pen cap 3600 is assembled and ready to receive the administration pen 3601. Figure 2 The universal pen cap 3600 includes an adjustable collar 3602, a clamping mechanism 3604, a clicker mechanism 3606, and an optional inner tube 3608. The optional inner tube 3608 can be configured to house at least the clamping mechanism 3604 and the clicker mechanism 3606. Figure 36A The adjustable collar 3602 is configured to receive a plurality of different administration pens, including administration pen 3601. The administration pen 3601 includes a needle and / or needle cover 3603. In some embodiments, the adjustable collar 3602 can be similar to the collar 1502 shown in FIG. 15.

[0246] The adjustable collar 3602 is configured to receive a plurality of different administration pens, including administration pen 3601. The administration pen 3601 includes a needle and / or needle cover 3603. In some embodiments, the adjustable collar 3602 can be similar to the collar 1502 shown in FIG. 15.

[0247] like Figure 36B As shown, the clamping mechanism 3604 includes two pen clips 3612a, 3612b, two clamping links 3614a, 3614b, a spring seat (a spring well) 3616, a pen base 3615 and a clamp spring 3618 attached at one end to the spring seat 3616. The clamping links 3614a, 3614b and the clamp spring 3618 can be similar to Figures 3A-3B The illustrated actuator arm 304 operates to enclose, engage, and disengage a dosing or injection pen 3601. In some embodiments, using a single clamp spring 3618, as compared to biasing elements 310 on each actuator arm 304, can reduce the overall form factor and size of the clamping mechanism 3604.

[0248] In various embodiments, the pen clips 3612a, 3612b are attached to the spring seat 3616 via a hinge connection. Thus, the pen clips 3612a, 3612b are configured to swing radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 3600 and engage (e.g., contact) the medication delivery pen 3601 as the medication delivery pen 3601 is inserted into the universal pen cap 3600. In response to the pen clips 3612a, 3612ab swinging radially inward, the clamping links 3614a, 3614b push the spring seat 3616 along the longitudinal axis and compress the clamp spring 3618. Figure 37A As shown in Figure 1-B, each pen clip 3612a, 3612b includes a rigid body 3701 and an elastic member 3704 attached to the bottom surface 3702 of the rigid body 3701. The rigid body 3701 can be made of, for example, rigid plastic. The elastic member 3704 can be made of an elastomeric material. The elastic member 3704 is configured to allow various medication pens (including the medication pen 3601) of various diameters to fit securely within the pen clips 3612a, 3612b. In some embodiments, the pen clips 3612a, 3612b can be made using a two-shot injection molding process. The two-shot injection molding process can form an undercut 3705, which allows the contact surface area between the rigid body 3701 and the elastic member 3704 to be increased, thereby increasing the mechanical bonding strength between the rigid body 3701 and the elastic member 3704. The opposite end of each pen clip 3612a, 3612b includes an opening 3710 to accommodate a pin (not shown) that can be used to attach the pen clip 3612a, 3612b to the spring seat 3616. Figure 38In another embodiment shown, the opposing ends of the pen clips 3612a, 3612b can include a ball 3805 configured to attach to a ball socket (not shown) formed in the spring seat 3616 using a ball and socket method. By attaching the pen clips 3612a, 3612b (via the spherical protrusions 3805) to the spring seat 3616 using a ball and socket method, rather than using a pin via the opening 3710, as Figures 37A-37B As shown, the reliability of the pen clips 3612a, 3612b during the life cycle of the administration pen insertion and removal can be improved.

[0249] Returning to Figure 36B In various embodiments, the clamp link 3614a, 3614b is coupled to the pen clip 3612a, 3612b at a longitudinal end of each clamp link 3614a, 3614b. For example, in various embodiments, the clamp link 3614a, 3614b can be coupled to the pen clip 3612a, 3612b via a hinged connection. In various embodiments, the clamp spring 3618 is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 3600 and is configured to compress in response to radial movement of the pen clip 3612a, 3612b.

[0250] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the pen datum 3615 is enclosed within the clamp spring 3618. The pen datum 3615 is configured to move within the clamp spring 3618 engaged with the clicker mechanism 3606 along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 3600. The pen datum 3615 experiences longitudinal movement when the administration pen 3601 is inserted through the adjustable collar 3602 and the spring seat 3616 and into and through the pen datum 3615. In some embodiments, the pen datum 3615 is shaped to allow at least a portion of the needle and / or needle cover 3603 to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, the pen datum 3615 can include a dead stop feature (not shown) configured to limit the amount of administration pen 3601 that can enter the pen datum 3615. The pen datum 3615 includes two longitudinally extending arms 3665 that form openings that allow components of the clicker mechanism 3606 to pass therethrough. The pen datum 3615 includes a pen datum protrusion 3670 that protrudes radially inward from the pen datum 3615 and is positioned along the longitudinal length of the pen datum 3615 that is configured to travel along the guide path 3905 of the clicker mechanism 3606. In some embodiments, each longitudinally extending arm 3665 of the pen datum 3615 includes a pen datum protrusion 3670 that protrudes radially inward from the pen datum 3615. Each pen datum protrusion 3670 is configured to travel along the guide path 3905.

[0251] As Figure 36CAs shown, the clicker mechanism 3606 includes a biasing member 3620 (e.g., a spring, but not limited thereto), a clicker holder 3622, and a clicker portion comprised of a first clicker body 3624 and a second clicker body 3626. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the needle and / or needle cover 3603 of the dispensing pen 3601 is configured to pass through the pen reference 3615 and into the clicker holder 3622. The pen reference 3615 has an opening along the longitudinal axis configured to allow the biasing member 3620, the clicker holder 3622, and at least the first clicker body 3624 to pass through the opening. The clicker holder 3622 is configured to support the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 thereon. The first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 are configured to form a guide path 3905 that wraps around the clicker bodies 3624, 3626. In some embodiments, the guide path 3905 is designed in the shape of a heart, with a zigzag or ramp that wraps around the clicker bodies 3624, 3626. By using the heart-shaped guide path 3905 with the clicker mechanism 3606, the clicker mechanism 3606 can be reduced in size and shape factor compared to, for example Figures 5A-5C The clicker mechanism 3606 can be reduced in size and shape factor compared to the cam element 402 and the guide element 412 as shown. It will be appreciated that the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 are configured to rotate in the same direction during operation of the clicker mechanism 3606. The pen reference 3615 is configured to move forward and backward along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 3600 over the biasing member 3620, the clicker holder 3622, and the first clicker body 3624. Linear travel of the pen reference 3615 along the longitudinal axis of the universal pen cap 3600 causes the one or more pen reference protrusions 3670 that protrude inward to travel along the guide path 3905 formed by the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 and push the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 to rotate and compress the biasing member 3620. As Figure 36A The guide path 3905 can include a zigzag or ramp along which the one or more pen reference protrusions 3670 are configured to travel, as shown. Operation of the clicker mechanism 3606 will be discussed in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 39A-39E.

[0252] FIGS. 39A-39F illustrate operation of the clicker mechanism 3606 in different operational states as the dispensing pen 3601 is inserted into the universal pen cap 3600. Figures 39A-1A portion of the universal pen cap 3600 is shown when the administration pen 3601 is not in contact with the pen datum 3615 or the clamping mechanism 3604 or other portions of the clicker mechanism 3606 (State 0). The one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 rest at the start position 3908 of the guide path 3905. As shown, both the clamp spring 3618 and the biasing member 3620 are in their stable state positions. Figures 39A-2

[0253] Figures 39B-1 A portion of the universal pen cap 3600 is shown when the administration pen 3601 has begun to contact the pen datum 3615, but insertion of the administration pen 3601 has not yet begun to compress both the clamp spring 3618 and the biasing member 3620 (State 1). The one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 continue to rest at the start position 3908 of the guide path 3905. As shown, both the clamp spring 3618 and the biasing member 3620 remain in their stable state positions. Figures 39B-2

[0254] Figures 39C-1 A portion of the universal pen cap 3600 is shown when insertion of the administration pen 3601 has advanced the pen datum 3615 relative to the spring seat 3616 (State 2). The clamping links 3614a, 3614b are configured to rotate about the pen datum 3615 and begin to contact the outer circumference of the administration pen 3601. As shown, the clamp spring, and optionally the biasing member 3620, are configured to compress a certain amount depending on the diameter of the administration pen 3601 inserted into the universal pen cap 3600. The advancement of the pen datum 3615 has caused the biasing member 3620 to begin to compress. In addition, as the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 rotate based on the compression of the biasing member 3620, the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 have advanced along the slope 3675 of the guide path 3905. Figures 39C-2

[0255] Figures 39D-1 A portion of the universal pen cap 3600 is shown when the administration pen 3601 has been fully inserted and further travel is limited by the clicker mechanism 3606 (State 2.5). This position defines the maximum user push force required to lock the administration pen 3601 into the universal pen cap 3600. As shown, the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 have advanced to the end position 3909 of the guide path 3905. The clamp spring 3618 and the biasing member 3620 have both compressed to their stable state positions. The first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626 have rotated to their stable state positions. Figures 39D-2 ​​​As shown, the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 have advanced further along the guide path 3905 and (together with the dosing pen 3601) caused compression of both the biasing member 3620 and the clamp spring 3618. The advancement of the pen datum 3615 and thus the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 also causes rotation of the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626. In some embodiments, the radial bends 4005 on the second clicker body 3626 can be configured to spring radially inward by the force of the teeth 4010 on the first clicker body 3624 and then spring radially outward upon reaching state 2.5, thereby providing tactile and audible feedback to the user. In some embodiments, at state 2.5, the biasing member 3620 is at or near its maximum compression state.

[0256] Figures 39E-1 A portion of the universal pen cap 3600 is shown at a time when the user has released the dosing pen 3601 and allowed the biasing member 3620 to move the pen datum 3615 forward (state 3). State 3 defines the clamping force (and thus the retention force) exerted by the clamping mechanism 3604 and the clicker mechanism 3606 to the dosing pen 3601. It will be understood that the retention force can also depend on the coefficient of friction between the dosing pen 3601 and the pen clips 3612a, 3612b. The coefficient of friction between the dosing pen 3601 and the pen clips 3612a, 3612b can vary based on the geometry of the dosing pen 3601. As shown, the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 have advanced further along the guide path 3905 and (together with the dosing pen 3601) caused compression of both the biasing member 3620 and the clamp spring 3618. The advancement of the pen datum 3615 and thus the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 also causes rotation of the first clicker body 3624 and the second clicker body 3626. In some embodiments, the radial bends 4005 on the second clicker body 3626 can be configured to spring radially inward by the force of the teeth 4010 on the first clicker body 3624 and then spring radially outward upon reaching state 2.5, thereby providing tactile and audible feedback to the user. In some embodiments, at state 2.5, the biasing member 3620 is at or near its maximum compression state. Figures 39E-2 As shown, the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 are locked in their final state within the clicker mechanism 3606 at a locked position 3910 of the guide path 3905. At the locked position 3910, both the biasing member 3620 and the clamp spring 3618 are compressed, but the biasing member 3620 is not as compressed as it is at state 2.5. Once in state 3, with the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 locked in their final state, the user can remove the dosing pen 3601 from the universal pen cap 3600 by pushing the dosing pen 3601 into the universal pen cap 3600. Pushing the dosing pen 3601 into the universal pen cap 3600 will release the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 from the locked position 3910 and release the clamp spring 3618 and the biasing member 3620 to return the one or more pen datum protrusions 3670 to the starting position 3908 of the guide path 3905.

[0257] Figures 39F-1A portion of the universal cap 3600 is shown when the administration pen 3601 is safely removed from the universal cap 3600 (state 4). State 4 is defined as one or more pen reference portion protrusions 3670 are locked in their final state within the clicker mechanism 3906, but the administration pen 3601 has been removed from the universal cap 3600. This situation can occur when the user removes the administration pen 3601 from the universal cap 3600 by pulling the administration pen 3601 out, rather than pushing the administration pen 3601 into the universal cap 3600 after one or more pen reference portion protrusions 3670 are locked in their final state. As shown in Figures 39F-2 , one or more pen reference portion protrusions 3670 remain locked in their final state within the clicker mechanism 3606 at the locked position 3910 of the guide path 3905, even though the administration pen 3601 has been removed, the clip spring 3618 and biasing member 3620 remain compressed. In some embodiments, the user can reset the clicker mechanism 3606 back to state 0 by pushing the administration pen into the universal cap 3600, into contact with the now closed pen clips 3612a, 3612b. The user continues to insert the administration pen until one or more pen reference portion protrusions 3670 reach the position of the guide path 3905 associated with state 2.5. The user can then release the administration pen, and the clicker mechanism will reset back to state 0.

[0258] As shown in Figure 40A , the second clicker body 3626 can include a radial tactile feedback flexure 4005 (see Figure 40A ), and the first clicker body 3624 can include a tooth 4010 to provide tactile and audible feedback to the user when the administration pen 3601 is inserted into the universal cap 3600. For example, movement of the pen reference portion 3615 can cause the radial tactile feedback flexure 4005 to be forced radially inward by the tooth 4010, and then to spring radially outward when the clicker mechanism 3606 reaches a specified state. In some embodiments, the pen reference portion 3615 can cause the radial tactile feedback flexure 4005 to be forced radially inward by the tooth 4010, and then to spring radially outward when the clicker mechanism 3606 reaches state 2.5, as shown in Figure 39D-1 , 39D-2 .

[0259] In some embodiments, the overall size (e.g., radial dimension) of the universal cap 3600 can be reduced by: reducing the wall thickness of the housing of the universal cap 3600 that houses the clip mechanism 3604 and the clicker mechanism 3606; and / or removing the optional inner tube 3608 (which serves to provide barrier protection).

[0260] In some embodiments, as Figure 41As shown, the universal cap 3600 can include an impervious wall 3640 to protect the electrical components of the universal cap 3600 (e.g., the battery 3645, the printed circuit board 3647, the charging port 3649, the display 3650, etc.) from foreign matter entering at or near the open end or mouth 3655 of the universal cap 3600, particularly at a location 3660 between the printed circuit board 3647 and the open end 3655. The impervious wall 3640 can extend along the longitudinal length of the universal cap 3600 and around, for example, a portion of the battery 3645 that is used to power the universal cap 3600. In some embodiments, the impervious wall 3650 can be attached to the upper housing of the universal cap 3600.

[0261] In some embodiments, as Figure 42 shown, the universal cap 3600 can include a charging port 4205 located near the cap display screen 4210. By placing the charging port 4205 near the cap display screen 4210, the charging port 4205 can be protected by the impervious wall 3650 (see Figure 41 ).

[0262] Figure 43 A friction catch 4305 is shown that can be used in place of the pen clips 3612a, 3612b shown in FIGS. 36 and 37. The friction catch 4305 is configured to radially clamp a dispensing pen (e.g., dispensing pen 3601) by two friction shoes or blocks 4310a, 4310b. In some embodiments, the friction blocks 4310a, 4310b can be spring biased contacts. In this configuration, the user provides direct opposition against the friction force provided by the friction blocks 4310a, 4310b when inserting and removing the dispensing pen 3601. Thus, the friction blocks 4310a, 4310b are configured to exert a radial force to hold the dispensing pen 3601 within the universal cap (e.g., universal cap 3600). The friction blocks 4310a, 4310b can be configured to contact different points of the dispensing pen depending on the geometry of the dispensing pen. The friction blocks 4310a, 4310b are tapered at an angle such that the friction catch 4305 can always be in tangential contact with the dispensing pen regardless of the rotational orientation of the dispensing pen. As Figures 44A-44C shown, the friction force of the friction catch 4305 on the dispensing pen 3601 can vary based on the orientation of the dispensing pen 3601. For example, the dispensing pen 3601 has a rigid body 4403 and display or cutout portions 4401, for example, which can provide a view of the dispensing substance (e.g., insulin) contained within the dispensing pen 3601. However, these display or cutout portions 4401 can reduce the frictional contact with the friction blocks 4301a, 4301b. For example, Figure 44AIt is shown that the friction pads 4310a and 4310b each form two points of contact on the rigid body 4403 of the administration pen 3601, while the friction pads 4310a and 4310b do not span the display or cutout portion 4401. The display or cutout portion 4401 does not span the friction pads 4310a and 4310b. Figure 44B It is shown that the friction pads 4310a and 4310b each form a point of contact on the rigid body 4403 and another point of contact on the display or cutout portion 4401. Figure 44C It is shown that the display or cutout portion 4401 spans each of the friction pads 4310a and 4310b, while still allowing the friction pads 4310a and 4310b to form two points of contact on the rigid body 4403.

[0263] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0264] As used herein, the term “may” with respect to a material, structure, feature, function, or method action means that the item is contemplated for use in implementing an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the term is prior to the more restrictive term “does” to avoid any implication that other compatible materials, structures, features, functions, and methods that can be used in conjunction therewith should or must be excluded.

[0265] As used herein, any relational terms, such as “first,” “second,” and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity from another, without necessarily implying any specific priority or order, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0266] As used herein, “substantially” with respect to a given parameter, property, action, or condition means and includes to a degree that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand as a material consideration and includes to a degree that would afford a practical consideration for an intended purpose, such as within acceptable manufacturing tolerances. By way of example, a parameter, property, or condition that is substantially satisfied can be at least 90.0% satisfied, at least 95.0% satisfied, at least 99.0% satisfied, or even at least 99.9% satisfied, according to the particular parameter, property, or condition that is substantially satisfied.

[0267] As used herein, the term “about” used in reference to a given parameter is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning attributed to it by the context of the application (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the given parameter, variations caused by manufacturing processes, and the like).

[0268] The embodiments of the disclosure described above and illustrated in the drawings are merely exemplary embodiments of the present application that are not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the application, because such embodiments are merely for the purposes of exemplification and are not exhaustive of or exclusive of other embodiments that are obvious to persons having ordinary skill in the art. Any equivalent embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the present application. In fact, various modifications of the application, such as, for example, the substitution of equivalent features, in addition to those shown and described herein, will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the application. These modifications and embodiments are also intended to fall within the scope of the claims that follow, and their legal equivalents.

[0269] Additional non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure include:

[0270] Embodiment 1 : A cap for use with an injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adaptable elements configured to removably couple the cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens.

[0271] Embodiment 2: The cap of embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of different injection pens comprises at least two different injection pens having different geometries.

[0272] Embodiment 3: The cap of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: at least one actuator; and a plurality of arms operably coupled to the at least one actuator, wherein the plurality of arms are configured to rotate at least a portion thereof radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the at least one actuator.

[0273] Embodiment 4: The cap of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise a tube having a plurality of consecutive sections, wherein an inner diameter of the tube incrementally decreases along the central longitudinal axis of the cap, and each of the plurality of consecutive sections comprises a respective inner diameter.

[0274] Embodiment 5: The cap of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a first aperture formed in the outer wall; at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the first aperture and engage the injection pen when the injection pen is inserted into a second aperture of the outer frame element; and a biasing member configured to urge the at least one capture member radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the cap.

[0275] Example 6: The cap of any of Examples 1-5, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise an outer wall comprising a frustoconical cavity formed therein having a frustoconical shape, the frustoconical cavity comprising an inner diameter that narrows along a central longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein a larger diameter end of the frustoconical shape is located at an open end of the outer wall.

[0276] Example 7: The cap of any of Examples 1-6, further comprising: a housing comprising an outer wall shaped to at least partially surround a longitudinal end of an injection pen, the outer wall comprising an open end formed therein; a slot formed in the outer wall, the slot extending radially through the outer wall and axially along a portion of the outer wall; and wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise a sleeve element configured to removably couple to a longitudinal end of an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens, the sleeve element comprising a radially extending member sized and shaped to slide along the slot when the injection pen is inserted into the cap and adapted to interface with the slot to removably secure the injection pen to the housing.

[0277] Example 8: The cap of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each elongate member comprising a width tapering along a longitudinal length thereof; and an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween.

[0278] Example 9: The cap of any of Examples 1-8, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a collar comprising a radially inner surface; a plurality of inclined protrusions extending radially inward from the radially inner surface, a thickness of each inclined protrusion of the plurality of inclined protrusions increasing in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of inclined protrusions being evenly spaced circumferentially about the radially inner surface of the collar; and a plurality of roller elements each disposed adjacent a respective inclined protrusion of the plurality of inclined protrusions, the plurality of roller elements configured to contact an outer radial surface of the injection pen, wherein the plurality of roller elements and the plurality of inclined protrusions are adapted for relative movement therebetween in the circumferential direction.

[0279] Example 10: The cap according to Examples 1-9, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a tapered collet comprising a plurality of recesses formed within a radially outer surface of the tapered collet, the plurality of recesses being oriented in a helical pattern relative to one another, the tapered collet defining a frustoconical bore configured to receive at least a portion of one of a plurality of different injection pens; an annular collar comprising a radially inner surface defining a central axial bore, the annular collar being configured to receive the tapered collet through the central axial bore, and comprising one or more protrusions extending radially inward from the radially inner surface, the one or more protrusions being sized, shaped, and positioned to be received in respective ones of the plurality of recesses and adapted to slide along the respective recesses during operation, wherein translation of the annular collar along the tapered collet in a first axial direction causes at least a portion of the tapered collet to bend radially inward toward the longitudinal axis of the cap; and an outer frame member mounted to a radially outer surface of the annular collar.

[0280] Example 11: The cap according to Examples 1-10, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: an annular drive gear defining a central bore for receiving at least a portion of an injection pen of a plurality of different injection pens, and at least a portion of the annular drive gear being configured to rotate circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the cap; an annular receiving gear in operable engagement with the annular drive gear and configured to rotate about its axis, the annular receiving gear comprising a central bore formed therein; and an engagement member disposed within the central bore, wherein the annular receiving gear is adapted to rotate to translate the engagement member along its axis.

[0281] Example 12: A cap for interfacing with an injection pen, the cap comprising: a plurality of different geometrical arrangements for removably coupling the cap to a plurality of different injection pens.

[0282] Example 13: The cap according to Example 12, wherein the plurality of different injection pens comprises at least two different injection pens having different geometrical arrangements.

[0283] Example 14: The cap according to Examples 12 and 13, wherein the arrangement further comprises: at least one actuator; and a plurality of arms operably coupled to the at least one actuator, wherein the plurality of arms are configured to rotate at least a portion thereof radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the at least one actuator.

[0284] Example 15: The cap according to Examples 12-14, wherein the arrangement comprises a tube having a plurality of consecutive sections, wherein an inner diameter of the tube incrementally decreases along the central longitudinal axis of the cap, and each section of the plurality of consecutive sections comprises a respective inner diameter.

[0285] Embodiment 16: The cap of any of embodiments 12-15, further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the device comprises: a bore formed in the outer wall; at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the bore and engage the injection pen when the injection pen is inserted into the bore of the outer frame element; and a biasing member configured to urge the at least one capture member radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the cap.

[0286] Embodiment 17: The cap of any of embodiments 12-16, wherein the device comprises an outer wall comprising a frustoconical cavity having a frustoconical shape formed therein, the frustoconical cavity comprising an inner diameter that narrows along a central longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein a larger diameter end of the frustoconical shape is located at an open end of the outer wall.

[0287] Embodiment 18: The cap of any of embodiments 12-17, further comprising: a housing comprising an outer wall shaped to at least partially surround a longitudinal end of an injection pen, the outer wall comprising an open end formed therein; a slot formed in the outer wall, the slot extending radially through the outer wall and axially along a portion of the outer wall; and wherein the device comprises a sleeve element configured to removably couple to the longitudinal end of an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens, the sleeve element comprising a radially extending member sized and shaped to slide along the slot when the injection pen is inserted into the cap and adapted to interface with the slot to removably secure the injection pen to the housing.

[0288] Embodiment 19: The cap of any of embodiments 12-18, wherein the device further comprises: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members comprising a width tapering along a longitudinal length thereof; and an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween.

[0289] Example 20: The cap of any one of Examples 12-19, wherein the device further comprises a locking ring comprising: a collar comprising a radially inner surface; a plurality of inclined protrusions extending radially inwardly from the radially inner surface, a thickness of each of the plurality of inclined protrusions increasing in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of inclined protrusions being evenly spaced circumferentially around the radially inner surface of the collar; and a plurality of roller elements disposed adjacent respective ones of the plurality of inclined protrusions, the plurality of roller elements being configured to contact an outer radial surface of the injection pen, wherein the plurality of roller elements and the plurality of inclined protrusions are adapted for relative movement therebetween in the circumferential direction.

[0290] Example 21: The cap of any one of Examples 12-20, wherein the device further comprises: a tapered collet comprising a plurality of recesses formed within a radially outer surface of the tapered collet, the recesses being oriented in a helical pattern relative to one another, the tapered collet defining a frustoconical bore configured to receive at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens; and an annular collar comprising a radially inner surface defining a central axial bore, the annular collar being configured to receive the tapered collet through the central axial bore, and comprising one or more protrusions extending radially inwardly from the radially inner surface, the one or more protrusions being sized, shaped, and positioned to be received in respective ones of the plurality of recesses and adapted to slide along the respective recesses during operation, wherein translation of the annular collar along the tapered collet in a first axial direction causes at least a portion of the tapered collet to bend radially inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the cap; and an outer frame member mounted to a radially outer surface of the annular collar.

[0291] Example 22: The cap of any one of Examples 12-21, wherein the device further comprises: an annular drive gear defining a central bore for receiving at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens, and at least a portion of the annular drive gear being configured to rotate circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the cap; an annular receiving gear in operable engagement with the annular drive gear and configured to rotate about its axis, the annular receiving gear comprising a central bore formed therein; and an engagement member disposed within the central bore, wherein the annular receiving gear is adapted to rotate to translate the engagement member along its axis.

[0292] Example 23: A cap for use with an injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adaptable elements configured to removably couple the cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens; and an electromechanical actuator coupled to at least one of the one or more adaptable elements and configured to actuate the one or more adaptable elements to adapt the one or more adaptable elements to a given geometry of a given injection pen.

[0293] Embodiment 24: The cap of Embodiment 23, wherein the plurality of different injection pens are at least two different injection pens having different geometrical shapes.

[0294] Embodiment 25: The cap of Embodiments 23 and 24, wherein the electromechanical actuator comprises at least one actuator selected from a servo actuator and a solenoid actuator.

[0295] Embodiment 26: The cap of Embodiments 23-25, further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a bore formed in the outer wall; and at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the bore and translate radially inwardly and outwardly through the bore, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to translate the at least one capture member radially inwardly to engage the injection pen in response to the injection pen being inserted into the bore of the outer frame element.

[0296] Embodiment 27: The cap of Embodiments 23-26, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: an outer frame element defining a bore sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal end of a plurality of injection pens; wherein the electromechanical actuator comprises a solenoid actuator, and wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: one or more engagement elements; a compression element disposed at least partially within the solenoid actuator and adapted to translate the one or more engagement elements along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator, the solenoid actuator positioned such that the longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the cap; and wherein the compression element is configured to apply an inward radial force to the one or more engagement elements relative to the longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the solenoid actuator.

[0297] Embodiment 28: The cap of Embodiments 23-27, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise a clamp device comprising: a first arm; and a second arm rotatably coupled to the first arm, wherein the electromechanical actuator is coupled to at least one of the first arm and the second arm and is configured to rotate the at least one arm selected from: the second arm relative to the first arm and the first arm relative to the second arm.

[0298] Embodiment 29: The cap of Embodiment 28, further comprising a torsion spring configured to maintain the clamp device in a disengaged configuration until the electromechanical actuator is actuated.

[0299] Example 30: The cap of any of Examples 23-29, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members comprising a width tapering along a longitudinal length thereof; an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween; and wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to cause the relative movement between the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members.

[0300] Example 31 : The cap of any of Examples 23-30, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to draw power only during a time period of a configuration change event of the cap.

[0301] Example 32: The cap of Example 31, wherein the configuration change event comprises a transition from a first configuration of the cap that is not intended to engage an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens to a second configuration of the cap that is intended to engage the injection pen.

[0302] Example 33: The cap of any of Examples 23-32, further comprising a sensor coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to provide data to the electromechanical actuator, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to adjust the cap from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to the data received from the sensor.

[0303] Example 34: The cap of Example 33, wherein the data indicates a sensed insertion of an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens into the cap.

[0304] Example 35: The cap of any of Examples 33 and 34, wherein the data indicates a sensed attempt to remove the cap from an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens.

[0305] Example 36: The cap of any of Examples 33-35, wherein the sensor comprises at least one type of sensor selected from the group consisting of a motion sensor, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

[0306] Example 37: The cap of any of Examples 23-36, further comprising an actuation device coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to adjust the cap from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to actuation of the actuation device.

[0307] Example 38: The cap of Example 37, wherein the actuation device comprises an input selected from the group consisting of a button and a switch.

[0308] Embodiment 39: A cap for interfacing with an injection pen, the cap comprising: a plurality of different geometries for removably coupling the cap to a plurality of different injection pens; and an electromechanical actuator operably coupled to at least one element of the plurality of different geometries and configured to at least partially effect operation of the plurality of different geometries.

[0309] Embodiment 40: The cap of Embodiment 39, wherein the plurality of different injection pens comprises at least two different injection pens having different geometries.

[0310] Embodiment 41: The cap of Embodiments 39 and 40, wherein the electromechanical actuator comprises at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of a servo actuator and a solenoid actuator.

[0311] Embodiment 42: The cap of Embodiments 39 to 41, further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the plurality of different geometries comprises: a bore formed in the outer wall; and at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the bore and translate radially inwardly and outwardly through the bore, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to translate the at least one capture member radially inwardly to engage the injection pen in response to the injection pen being inserted into the bore of the outer frame element.

[0312] Embodiment 43: The cap of Embodiments 39 to 42, wherein the plurality of different geometries further comprises: an outer frame element defining a bore sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal end of the plurality of injection pens; wherein the electromechanical actuator comprises a solenoid actuator, and wherein the plurality of different geometries comprises: one or more engagement elements; a compression element at least partially disposed within the solenoid actuator and adapted to translate the one or more engagement elements along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator, the solenoid actuator positioned such that a central axis of the solenoid actuator is substantially orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the cap; and wherein the compression element is configured to apply an inward radial force to the one or more engagement elements relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the solenoid actuator.

[0313] Embodiment 44: The cap of Embodiments 39 to 43, wherein the plurality of different geometries comprises a clamp apparatus comprising: a first arm; and a second arm rotatably coupled to the first arm, wherein the electromechanical actuator is coupled to at least one of the first arm and the second arm and is configured to rotate the at least one of the first arm and the second arm selected from the group consisting of: rotating the second arm relative to the first arm and rotating the first arm relative to the second arm.

[0314] Embodiment 45: The cap of Embodiment 44, further comprising a torsion spring configured to maintain the clamp apparatus in a disengaged configuration until the electromechanical actuator is actuated.

[0315] Example 46: The cap of any of Examples 39-45, wherein the device further comprises: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about the central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members comprising a width tapering along its longitudinal length; an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween; and wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to cause the relative movement between the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members.

[0316] Example 47: The cap of any of Examples 39-46, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to draw power only during a time period of a configuration change event of the cap.

[0317] Example 48: The cap of any of Examples 39-47, further comprising a sensor coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to provide data to the electromechanical actuator, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to adjust the cap from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to the data received from the sensor.

[0318] Example 49: The cap of Example 48, wherein the data indicates a sensed insertion of an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens into the cap.

[0319] Example 50: The cap of any of Examples 48 and 49, wherein the data indicates a sensed attempt to remove the cap from an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens.

[0320] Example 51: The cap of any of Examples 48-50, wherein the sensor comprises at least one type of sensor selected from the group consisting of a motion sensor, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

[0321] Example 52: The cap of any of Examples 39-51, further comprising an actuation device coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to adjust the cap from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to actuation of the actuation device.

[0322] Example 53: The cap of Example 52, wherein the actuation device comprises an input selected from the group consisting of a button and a switch.

[0323] Example 54: A method of actuating an electromechanical cap, comprising: detecting a cap event using one or more sensors; actuating a clasp mechanism in response to the event.

[0324] Example 55: The method of Example 54, further comprising: detecting, using the one or more sensors, an insertion attempt of the injection pen; detecting the clasp mechanism opening; detecting whether the injection pen is fully inserted into the cap; and actuating the clasp mechanism to the closed position.

[0325] Example 56: The method of Examples 54 and 55, further comprising: detecting a force indicative of an attempt to remove the injection pen from the cap; detecting the clasp mechanism closing; in response to detecting the force is greater than a predetermined threshold, actuating the clasp mechanism to the open position; and confirming the clasp mechanism is in the open position.

[0326] Example 57: A cap for interfacing with a medical injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adjustable chassis elements configured to adjust a distance the injection pen is insertable into the cap; wherein the one or more adjustable chassis elements comprise a chassis block element defining a cavity configured to accommodate a geometry of the medical injection pen.

[0327] Example 58: The cap of Example 57, wherein the one or more adjustable chassis elements further comprise: an electromechanical actuator; a threaded screw element operably coupled to the electromechanical actuator; an outer tube element configured to accommodate the chassis block element; wherein the chassis block element comprises a receiving threaded portion configured to receive the threaded screw element.

[0328] Example 59: The cap of Examples 57 and 58, wherein the one or more adjustable chassis elements further comprise: a body comprising an annular shape having an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface defining the cavity; a plurality of ridges circumferentially disposed about at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface; one or more flexible arms disposed within the cavity and extending adjacent the inner peripheral surface in an axial direction and overhanging at least a portion of the inner peripheral surface.

[0329] Example 60: A cap for use with an injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adaptable elements configured to removably couple the cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens.

[0330] Example 61 : The cap of Example 60, wherein the plurality of different injection pens comprises at least two different injection pens having different geometries.

[0331] Example 62: The cap of Example 60, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise a clamping mechanism and a clicker mechanism, wherein the clicker mechanism is configured to removably couple any one of the plurality of injection pens by mechanically adapting the clamping mechanism and the clicker mechanism to a given injection pen having a given geometry.

[0332] Example 63: The cap of Example 60, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping spring, a spring seat oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cap that houses the clamping spring, a pen reference portion configured to move along the longitudinal axis of the cap within the spring seat and a portion of the clamping spring, a pen clip movably attached to the spring seat via a hinge connection to swing radially inward toward the longitudinal axis of the cap, and a clamping link attaching the clamping link to the spring seat, wherein as the injection pen is inserted into the cap, the pen clip is configured to compress the clamping spring via the clamping link and the spring seat.

[0333] Example 64: The cap of Example 63, wherein the clicker mechanism comprises a biasing member oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cap, a clicker portion, and a clicker holder supporting the clicker portion, wherein the clicker portion forms a guide path that wraps around the clicker portion, wherein the clicker portion is configured to rotate as the pen reference portion moves along the longitudinal axis of the cap.

[0334] Example 65: The cap of Example 64, wherein the guide path is shaped as a heart around the clicker portion.

[0335] Example 66: The cap of Example 64, wherein the clicker portion comprises a first clicker body and a second clicker body, the first clicker body and the second clicker body configured to rotate in the same direction as the pen reference portion moves along the longitudinal axis of the cap.

[0336] Example 67: The cap of Example 66, wherein the first clicker body comprises one or more teeth and the second clicker body comprises one or more radial flexes, wherein the one or more radial flexes are configured to provide tactile and / or audible feedback to a user by being forced radially inward by the one or more teeth during rotation of the clicker portion and then springing radially outward when the clicker mechanism reaches a desired operational state.

[0337] Example 68: The cap of Example 63, wherein the pen clip comprises a spherical protrusion configured to be movably attached to the spring seat via a ball and socket method.

[0338] Example 69: The cap of Example 63, wherein the pen clip comprises a rigid body and a resilient member attached to a bottom surface of the rigid body, wherein the rigid body comprises an undercut for the resilient member to fit within to increase a contact surface area between the rigid body and the resilient member.

[0339] Example 70: The cap of Example 63, wherein the pen clip comprises two friction pads configured to exert a radial force on a given injection pen inserted into the cap.

[0340] Embodiment 71. The cap of Embodiment 60, further comprising a barrier wall that protects the electronic components from foreign matter entering the cap.

[0341] Embodiment 72: The cap of Embodiment 64, wherein the clicker mechanism is configured to operate in a plurality of operational states as the given injection pen is inserted into the cap.

[0342] Embodiment 73: The cap of Embodiment 72, wherein the plurality of operational states includes a locked state in which the pen datum is locked in the clicker mechanism and the given injection pen is inserted into the cap.

[0343] Embodiment 74: The cap of Claim 72, wherein the plurality of operational states includes a safe removal action state in which the pen datum remains locked in the clicker mechanism as the given injection pen is forcibly pulled out of the cap.

Claims

1. A cap for an injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adaptable elements configured to removably couple the cap to a plurality of different geometrical shapes of a plurality of different injection pens.

2. The cap of claim 1, wherein the plurality of different injection pens comprising at least two different injection pens having different geometrical shapes.

3. The cap of claim 1, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprising a clamping mechanism and a clicker mechanism, wherein the clicker mechanism is configured to removably couple any one of the plurality of injection pens by mechanically adapting the clamping mechanism and the clicker mechanism to a given injection pen having a given geometrical shape.

4. The cap of claim 3, wherein the clamping mechanism comprising a clamp spring, a spring seat oriented along a longitudinal axis of the cap to house the clamp spring, a pen reference configured to move along the longitudinal axis of the cap within the spring seat and a portion of the clamp spring, a pen clamp movably attached to the spring seat via a hinge connection to swing radially inward toward the longitudinal axis of the cap, and a clamping link attaching the clamp link to the spring seat, wherein the pen clamp is configured to compress the clamp spring via the clamping link and the spring seat as the injection pen is inserted into the cap.

5. The cap of claim 4, wherein the clicker mechanism comprising a biasing member oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cap, a clicker portion, and a clicker holder supporting the clicker portion, wherein the clicker portion forms a guide path wrapped around the clicker portion, wherein the clicker portion is configured to rotate as the pen reference moves along the longitudinal axis of the cap.

6. The cap of claim 5, wherein the guide path is designed in a shape of a heart around the clicker portion.

7. The cap of claim 5, wherein the clicker portion comprises a first clicker body and a second clicker body configured to rotate in the same direction as the pen reference moves along the longitudinal axis of the cap.

8. The cap of claim 7, wherein the first clicker body comprises one or more teeth and the second clicker body comprises one or more radial bends, wherein the one or more radial bends are configured to provide tactile and / or audible feedback to a user by being forced radially inward by the one or more teeth during rotation of the clicker portion and then springing radially outward when the clicker mechanism reaches a desired operational state.

9. The cap of claim 4, wherein the pen clamp comprises a spherical protrusion configured to be movably attached to the spring seat via a ball and socket method.

10. The cap of claim 4, wherein the pen clamp comprises a rigid body and a resilient member attached to a bottom surface of the rigid body, wherein the rigid body comprises an undercut for the resilient member to fit within to increase a contact surface area between the rigid body and the resilient member.

11. The cap of claim 4, wherein the pen clamp comprises two friction pads configured to exert a radial force on the given injection pen inserted into the cap.

12. The cap of claim 1, wherein a barrier wall to protect electronic components from foreign object ingress into the cap is also included.

13. The cap of claim 5, wherein the clicker mechanism is configured to operate in a plurality of operational states as a given injection pen is inserted into the cap.

14. The cap of claim 13, wherein The plurality of operational states includes a locked state in which the pen reference portion is locked in the rattle mechanism and the given injection pen is inserted into the pen cap.

15. The cap of claim 13, wherein The plurality of operational states includes a safe removal action state in which the pen reference portion remains locked in the rattle mechanism as the given injection pen is forcibly pulled out of the pen cap.

16. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: at least one actuator; and a plurality of arms operably coupled to the at least one actuator, wherein the plurality of arms are configured to rotate at least a portion of the plurality of arms radially inward toward a central longitudinal axis of the pen cap in response to actuation of the at least one actuator.

17. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include a tube having a plurality of consecutive sections, wherein an inner diameter of the tube incrementally decreases along the central longitudinal axis of the pen cap, and each of the plurality of consecutive sections includes a respective inner diameter.

18. The cap of claim 1, wherein Further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the one or more adaptable elements include: a first aperture formed in the outer wall; at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the first aperture and engage the injection pen when the injection pen is inserted into a second aperture of the outer frame element; and a biasing member configured to urge the at least one capture member radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the pen cap.

19. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include an outer wall including a frustoconical cavity having a frustoconical shape formed therein, the frustoconical cavity including an inner diameter that narrows along the central longitudinal axis of the pen cap, wherein a larger diameter end of the frustoconical shape is located at an open end of the outer wall.

20. The cap of claim 1, wherein Further comprising: a housing including an outer wall shaped to at least partially surround a longitudinal end of the injection pen, the outer wall including an open end formed therein; and a slot formed in the outer wall, the slot extending radially through the outer wall and axially along a portion of the outer wall, wherein the one or more adaptable elements include a sleeve element configured to removably couple to the longitudinal end of the injection pen of a plurality of injection pens, the sleeve element including a radially extending member sized and shaped to slide along the slot when the injection pen is inserted into the pen cap and adapted to interface with the slot to removably secure the injection pen to the housing.

21. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: a collet including a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the pen cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the pen cap, each of the elongate members including a width tapered along a longitudinal length thereof; and a An outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween.

22. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: A collar including a radially inner surface; A plurality of angled protrusions extending radially inwardly from the radially inner surface, a thickness of each of the plurality of angled protrusions increasing in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of angled protrusions being evenly spaced circumferentially around the radially inner surface of the collar; and A plurality of roller elements each disposed adjacent a respective one of the plurality of angled protrusions, the plurality of roller elements configured to contact an outer radial surface of the injection pen, wherein the plurality of roller elements and the plurality of angled protrusions are adapted for relative movement therebetween in a circumferential direction.

23. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: A tapered collet including a plurality of recesses formed within a radially outer surface of the tapered collet, the plurality of recesses oriented in a helical pattern relative to one another, the tapered collet defining a frustoconical bore configured to receive at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens; An annular collar including a radially inner surface defining a central axial bore, the annular collar configured to receive the tapered collet through the central axial bore, and including one or more protrusions extending radially inwardly from the radially inner surface, the one or more protrusions being sized, shaped, and positioned to be received in respective ones of the plurality of recesses and adapted to slide along the respective recesses during operation, wherein translation of the annular collar along the tapered collet in a first axial direction causes at least a portion of the tapered collet to flex radially inwardly toward a longitudinal axis of the cap; and An outer frame member mounted to a radially outer surface of the annular collar.

24. The cap of claim 1, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: An annular drive gear defining a central bore for receiving at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens, and at least a portion of the annular drive gear configured to rotate circumferentially about a longitudinal axis of the cap; An annular receiving gear operably engaged with the annular drive gear and configured to rotate about its axis, the annular receiving gear including a central bore formed therein; and An engagement member disposed within the central bore, wherein the annular receiving gear is adapted to rotate to translate the engagement member along its axis.

25. A cap for interfacing with an injection pen, the cap comprising: A plurality of different geometrical arrangements for removably coupling the cap to a plurality of different injection pens.

26. The cap of claim 25, wherein, The plurality of different injection pens includes at least two different injection pens having different geometrical arrangements.

27. The cap of claim 25, wherein The plurality of different geometrical arrangements includes: At least one actuator; and A plurality of arms operably coupled to the at least one actuator, wherein the plurality of arms are configured to rotate at least a portion of the plurality of arms radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the at least one actuator.

28. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device includes a tube having a plurality of consecutive sections, wherein an inner diameter of the tube incrementally decreases along the central longitudinal axis of the cap, and each of the plurality of consecutive sections includes a respective inner diameter.

29. The cap of claim 25, wherein Further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the device includes: a hole formed in the outer wall; at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the hole and engage the injection pen when the injection pen is inserted into the hole of the outer frame element; and a biasing member configured to urge the at least one capture member radially inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the cap.

30. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device includes an outer wall including a frustoconical cavity having a frustoconical shape formed therein, the frustoconical cavity including an inner diameter that narrows along the central longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein a larger diameter end of the frustoconical shape is located at an open end of the outer wall.

31. The cap of claim 25, wherein Further comprising: an outer shell including an outer wall shaped to at least partially surround a longitudinal end of the injection pen, the outer wall including an open end formed therein; and a slot formed in the outer wall, the slot extending radially through the outer wall and axially along a portion of the outer wall, wherein the device includes a sleeve element configured to removably couple to the longitudinal end of the injection pen of a plurality of injection pens, the sleeve element including a radially extending member sized and shaped to slide along the slot when the injection pen is inserted into the cap and adapted to interface with the slot to removably secure the injection pen to the outer shell.

32. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device includes: a collet including a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about the central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members including a width tapered along a longitudinal length thereof; and an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween.

33. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device includes a locking ring including: a collar including a radially inner surface; a plurality of inclined protrusions extending radially inward from the radially inner surface, a thickness of each of the plurality of inclined protrusions increasing in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of inclined protrusions being evenly spaced circumferentially about the radially inner surface of the collar; and a plurality of inclined protrusions extending radially inward from the radially inner surface, a thickness of each of the plurality of inclined protrusions increasing in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of inclined protrusions being evenly spaced circumferentially about the radially inner surface of the collar; and a plurality of roller elements, each roller element disposed adjacent to a respective one of the plurality of inclined protrusions, the plurality of roller elements configured to contact an outer radial surface of the injection pen, wherein the plurality of roller elements and the plurality of inclined protrusions are adapted for relative movement therebetween in a circumferential direction.

34. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device comprises: a tapered collet comprising a plurality of recesses formed within a radially outer surface of the tapered collet, the plurality of recesses oriented in a helical pattern relative to one another, the tapered collet defining a frustoconical bore configured to receive at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens; and an annular collar comprising a radially inner surface defining a central axial bore, the annular collar configured to receive the tapered collet through the central axial bore, and comprising one or more protrusions extending radially inwardly from the radially inner surface, the one or more protrusions sized, shaped, and positioned to be received in respective ones of the plurality of recesses and adapted to slide along the respective recesses during operation, wherein translation of the annular collar along the tapered collet in a first axial direction causes at least a portion of the tapered collet to flex radially inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the pen cap; and an outer frame member mounted to a radially outer surface of the annular collar.

35. The cap of claim 25, wherein The device comprises: an annular drive gear defining a central bore for receiving at least a portion of an injection pen of the plurality of different injection pens, and at least a portion of the annular drive gear configured to rotate circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the pen cap; an annular receiving gear operably engaged with the annular drive gear and configured to rotate about its axis, the annular receiving gear comprising a central bore formed therein; and an engagement member disposed within the central bore, wherein the annular receiving gear is adapted to rotate to translate the engagement member along its axis.

36. A pen cap for an injection pen, the pen cap comprising: one or more adaptable elements configured to removably couple the pen cap to a plurality of different geometries of a plurality of different injection pens; and an electromechanical actuator coupled to at least one of the one or more adaptable elements and configured to actuate the one or more adaptable elements to adapt the one or more adaptable elements to a given geometry of a given injection pen. The plurality of different injection pens are at least two different injection pens having different geometries.

37. The cap of claim 36, wherein The electromechanical actuator comprises at least one actuator selected from a servo actuator and a solenoid actuator.

38. The cap of claim 36, wherein Further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the one or more adaptable elements comprise:

39. The cap of claim 36, wherein a bore formed in the outer wall; and at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the bore and translate radially inwardly and outwardly through the bore, ​ wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to translate the at least one capture member radially inward to engage a pen in response to the injection pen being inserted into the aperture of the outer frame element.

40. The cap of claim 36, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: an outer frame element defining an aperture sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal end of a plurality of injection pens; wherein the electromechanical actuator includes a solenoid actuator, and wherein the one or more adaptable elements include: one or more engagement elements; and a compression element disposed at least partially within the solenoid actuator and adapted to translate the one or more engagement elements along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator, the solenoid actuator positioned such that the longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein the compression element is configured to apply an inward radial force to the one or more engagement elements relative to the longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the solenoid actuator.

41. The cap of claim 36, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include a clamp device comprising: a first arm; and a second arm rotatably coupled to the first arm, wherein the electromechanical actuator is coupled to at least one of the first arm and the second arm and is configured to rotate the at least one arm selected from rotating the second arm relative to the first arm and rotating the first arm relative to the second arm.

42. The cap of claim 41, wherein A torsion spring is also included, the torsion spring configured to maintain the clamp device in a disengaged configuration until the electromechanical actuator is actuated.

43. The cap of claim 36, wherein The one or more adaptable elements include: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members comprising a width tapering along a longitudinal length thereof; and an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to induce the relative movement between the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members.

44. The cap of claim 36, wherein The electromechanical actuator is configured to draw power only during a time period of a configuration change event of the cap.

45. The cap of claim 44, wherein, The configuration change event includes a transition from a first configuration of the cap not intended to engage an injection pen of a plurality of injection pens to a second configuration intended to engage the injection pen.

46. The cap of claim 36, wherein A sensor is also included, the sensor coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to provide data to the electromechanical actuator, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to adjust the cap from a first configuration to a second configuration in response to data received from the sensor.

47. The cap of claim 46, wherein The data is indicative of a sensed insertion of an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens into the cap.

48. The cap of claim 46, wherein The data is indicative of a sensed attempt to remove the cap from an injection pen of the plurality of injection pens.

49. The cap of claim 46, wherein The sensor comprises at least one type of sensor selected from the group consisting of a motion sensor, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

50. The cap of claim 36, wherein Further comprising an actuation device coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to adjust the cap from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to actuation of the actuation device.

51. The cap of claim 50, wherein The actuation device comprises an input selected from the group consisting of a button and a switch.

52. A cap for interfacing with an injection pen, the cap comprising: a plurality of different geometrical arrangements of means for removably coupling the cap to a plurality of different injection pens; and an electromechanical actuator operably coupled to at least one element of the means and configured to at least partially effect operation of the means.

53. The cap of claim 52, wherein The plurality of different injection pens comprises at least two different injection pens having different geometrical arrangements.

54. The cap of claim 52, wherein The electromechanical actuator comprises at least one actuator selected from the group consisting of a servo actuator and a solenoid actuator.

55. The cap of claim 52, wherein Further comprising an outer frame element having an outer wall, wherein the means comprises: a hole formed in the outer wall; and at least one capture member coupled to the outer frame element and configured to extend through the hole and translate radially inwardly and outwardly through the hole, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to translate the at least one capture member radially inwardly to engage an injection pen in response to insertion of the injection pen into the hole of the outer frame element.

56. The cap of claim 52, wherein The means comprises: an outer frame element defining a hole sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal end of the plurality of injection pens; wherein the electromechanical actuator comprises a solenoid actuator, and wherein the means comprises: one or more engagement elements; and a compression element at least partially disposed within the solenoid actuator and adapted to translate the one or more engagement elements along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator, the solenoid actuator positioned such that the longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator is substantially orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein the compression element is configured to apply an inward radial force to the one or more engagement elements relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the solenoid actuator.

57. The cap of claim 52, wherein The means comprises a clamp device comprising: a first arm; and a second arm rotatably coupled to the first arm, wherein the electromechanical actuator is coupled to at least one of the first arm and the second arm and is configured to rotate at least one of the first arm and the second arm selected from the group consisting of rotating the second arm relative to the first arm and rotating the first arm relative to the second arm.

58. The cap of claim 57, wherein Further comprising a torsion spring configured to maintain the clamp device in a disengaged configuration until the electromechanical actuator is actuated.

59. The cap of claim 52, wherein The means comprises: a collet comprising a plurality of elongate members oriented circumferentially about a central longitudinal axis of the cap and extending in an axial direction relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap, each of the elongate members comprising a width tapering along a longitudinal length thereof; and a compression element at least partially disposed within the solenoid actuator and adapted to translate the one or more engagement elements along a longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator, the solenoid actuator positioned such that the longitudinal axis of the solenoid actuator is substantially orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the cap, wherein the compression element is configured to apply an inward radial force to the one or more engagement elements relative to the central longitudinal axis of the cap in response to actuation of the solenoid actuator. an outer sleeve disposed about the plurality of elongate members, the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members configured for relative movement therebetween, wherein the outer sleeve slides relative to a radially outermost surface of the plurality of elongate members based on the relative movement therebetween, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to cause the relative movement between the outer sleeve and the plurality of elongate members.

60. The cap of claim 52, wherein The electromechanical actuator is configured to draw power only during a time period of a configuration change event of the cap.

61. The cap of claim 52, wherein, Further comprising a sensor coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to provide data to the electromechanical actuator, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to adjust the cap from a first configuration to a second configuration in response to the data received from the sensor.

62. The cap of claim 61, wherein The data indicates a sensed insertion of a pen of the plurality of injection pens into the cap.

63. The cap of claim 61, wherein The data indicates a sensed attempt to remove the cap from a pen of the plurality of injection pens.

64. The cap of claim 61, wherein The sensor comprises at least one type of sensor selected from the group consisting of a motion sensor, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

65. The cap of claim 52, wherein Further comprising an actuation device coupled to the electromechanical actuator and configured to adjust the cap from a first configuration to a second configuration in response to actuation of the actuation device.

66. The cap of claim 65, wherein The actuation device comprises an input selected from the group consisting of a button and a switch.

67. A method of actuating an electromechanical cap, comprising: detecting a cap event using one or more sensors; and actuating a clasp mechanism in response to the event.

68. The method of claim 67, wherein, Further comprising: detecting an insertion attempt of an injection pen using the one or more sensors; detecting the clasp mechanism is open; detecting the injection pen is fully inserted into the cap; and actuating the clasp mechanism to a closed position.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein, Further comprising: detecting a force indicative of an attempt to remove an injection pen from the cap; detecting the clasp mechanism is closed; actuating the clasp mechanism to an open position in response to detecting the force is greater than a predetermined threshold; and confirming the clasp mechanism is in the open position.

70. A cap for interfacing with a medical injection pen, the cap comprising: one or more adjustable floor elements configured to adjust a distance of insertion of an injection pen into the cap, wherein the one or more adjustable floor elements comprise a floor block element defining a cavity configured to accommodate a geometry of the medical injection pen.

71. The cap of claim 70, wherein The one or more adjustable floor elements further comprise: an electromechanical actuator; a threaded screw element operably coupled to the electromechanical actuator; and an outer tube element configured to accommodate the floor block element, wherein the floor block element comprises a receiving threaded portion configured to receive the threaded screw element.

72. The cap of claim 70, wherein The one or more adjustable floor elements further comprise: a body comprising an annular shape having an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface defining a cavity; a plurality of ridges disposed circumferentially about at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface; and a plurality of grooves disposed circumferentially about at least a portion of the inner peripheral surface. one or more flexible arms disposed within the cavity and extending in an axial direction adjacent to the inner peripheral surface and overhanging at least a portion of the inner peripheral surface.

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