Self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device and method

Abstract

The application provides a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of mining and mine exploitation; the technical problems of low drilling efficiency and single drilling bit driving mode in complex rock stratum are solved; the device comprises a self-driven down-the-hole hammer and an impactor joint connected with the self-driven down-the-hole hammer; the self-driven down-the-hole hammer comprises an outer sleeve and a down-the-hole hammer movable head; a gas guide channel is arranged in the impactor joint; a coil, a rotary speed-increasing device, a gas cylinder and an air inlet chamber are arranged in the outer sleeve; the gas cylinder comprises a front chamber, a rear chamber and a middle piston; a magnet ring and the coil are arranged on the middle piston; the two ends of the coil are connected with the positive and negative poles of the rotary speed-increasing device respectively; the rotary speed-increasing device is in contact with the down-the-hole hammer movable head; the application cuts the copper coil by the magnet ring to generate an induced current to supply power for the motor, improves the rotary speed of the drilling bit in hard rock stratum, and improves the drilling efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining industry and mine exploitation, in particular to a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The geological conditions of rock strata in underground coal mines are complex, and soft rock, medium-hard rock and hard rock often interleave. The traditional drilling equipment is limited by single driving mode, although it can meet the basic operation requirements, but when facing hard rock strata, the following problems still exist:

[0003] 1) The rock has high compressive strength and strong abrasiveness, and the traditional drill bit has low drilling efficiency and high cost due to insufficient cutting resistance;

[0004] 2) The traditional drill bit has poor adaptability in complex rock strata, and the cutting teeth are easily worn out due to high stress impact when encountering hard rock, and need to be replaced frequently.

[0005] The traditional drilling method includes:

[0006] 1) The drill bit is rotated to cut rock by the rotation of the drilling machine, and the rock breaking is realized by matching the drilling pressure and the rotation speed, which has a wide application range, but the cutting force is insufficient in hard rock, the drilling efficiency is low, and the drill bit is easily worn out;

[0007] 2) Diamond wireline coring drilling is suitable for high-precision sampling and geological exploration, but the drilling speed is slow and the cost is high, which is not suitable for large-scale mining;

[0008] 3) The rock is broken by high-frequency impact of the impactor driven by compressed air (or flushing liquid) combined with the rotation of the drill bit, which can significantly improve the drilling efficiency compared with ordinary rotary drilling, but the impact pressure and rotation speed are difficult to match in complex rock strata, resulting in fluctuation of drilling efficiency and serious wear of drill bit.

[0009] Therefore, it is a key problem to be solved in the industry to develop a new efficient rock breaking device to break through the technical bottleneck of rock drilling under complex geological conditions. SUMMARY

[0010] In order to solve the technical problems of low drilling efficiency and single driving mode of drill bit in complex rock strata, the present application provides a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device and method, which aims to utilize electromagnetic induction phenomenon to generate current with built-in motor, and further provide power for impact rotation of drill bit, and effectively improve drilling efficiency by increasing rotation speed when encountering hard rock strata.

[0011] The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device, comprising a self-driven down-the-hole hammer and an impactor joint connected with the self-driven down-the-hole hammer, the self-driven down-the-hole hammer comprising an outer sleeve and a down-the-hole hammer movable head, the impactor joint being internally provided with a gas guide channel, the outer sleeve being internally provided with a coil, a rotary speed-increasing device, a gas cylinder and an air inlet chamber, the gas cylinder comprising a gas cylinder front chamber, a gas cylinder rear chamber and a middle piston, the middle piston being provided with a magnet ring and the coil, two ends of the coil being connected with positive and negative poles of the rotary speed-increasing device respectively, and the rotary speed-increasing device being in contact with the down-the-hole hammer movable head.

[0012] Further, the rotary speed-increasing device comprises a bearing, a gas guide pipe and a motor, the inner wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head is connected with the bearing, the outer wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head is connected with one end of the outer sleeve, and the gas guide pipe is arranged in the motor and inserted into the bearing.

[0013] Further, the gas cylinder rear chamber comprises a second guide sealing sleeve and an impact base, one end of the impact base is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, the other end of the impact base is connected with one end of the second guide sealing sleeve, the other end of the second guide sealing sleeve is connected with the inner wall of the middle piston in a clearance fit, and the other end of the gas guide pipe is inserted into the second guide sealing sleeve.

[0014] Further, the air inlet chamber comprises an air inlet plug and a gas blocking core, and the gas blocking core is arranged between the air inlet plug and the impactor joint.

[0015] Further, the gas cylinder front chamber is provided with a first guide sealing sleeve, one end of the first guide sealing sleeve is connected with the middle piston in a clearance fit, and the other end of the first guide sealing sleeve is connected with the outer wall of the air inlet plug.

[0016] Further, one end of the air inlet plug is provided with a first gas hole, the other end of the air inlet plug is provided with a second gas hole, the inside of the air inlet plug is provided with an air inlet channel, and the first gas hole is inserted into the first guide sealing sleeve.

[0017] Further, the gas blocking core comprises a spring and a one-way valve, one end of the one-way valve is connected with one end of the spring, the other end of the one-way valve blocks the gas guide channel, and the other end of the spring is connected with the second gas hole.

[0018] Further, the middle piston is connected with the coil in a clearance fit, and the middle piston is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve in a clearance fit.

[0019] There is a gas guide clearance between the gas cylinder front chamber, the gas cylinder rear chamber and the outer sleeve.

[0020] Further, the down-the-hole hammer movable head comprises a drill bit, and a plurality of gas guide holes are formed in the drill bit.

[0021] An impact rock breaking drilling method is realized by using the self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device, and comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step one, connect the self-driving DTH with the impactor joint, and drill into the rock formation;

[0023] Step two, when the drill bit of the DTH moving head touches the rock formation and is in close contact with the rock formation, the impact base is in close contact with the middle piston, and the DTH moving head is in a state of inward contraction due to the extrusion of the axial force;

[0024] Step three, start the drilling machine, compressed air enters the air inlet chamber through the air guide channel inside the impactor joint, opens the one-way valve, enters the air inlet channel through the second air hole, enters the air guide gap in the front chamber of the air cylinder through the first air hole, and enters the rear chamber of the air cylinder through the air guide gap. When the internal air pressure of the rear chamber reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston close to the first guide sealing sleeve, compresses the air in the front chamber of the air cylinder, and at the same time, the magnet ring on the outer wall of the middle piston cuts the copper coil to generate an induced current;

[0025] Step four, after the middle piston and the second guide sealing sleeve are separated, the air is discharged through the second guide sealing sleeve, the air guide pipe and the air guide hole, at this time the internal air pressure of the front chamber of the air cylinder is greater than that of the rear chamber of the air cylinder, the middle piston is close to the second guide sealing sleeve, and finally pushes the impact base to extend the drill bit outward; At the same time, the magnet ring cuts the copper coil again to generate an induced current;

[0026] Step five, the outer sleeve drives the drill bit to continue impact and rotary operation, the induced current generated by the magnet ring cutting the copper coil is processed through the rotary speed increasing device and used as the energy source of the motor, the motor is further powered by the bearing, and the rotary speed of the drill bit is further increased;

[0027] Step six, repeat steps three to five to complete the drilling operation, and stop the compressed air.

[0028] The application has the following beneficial effects relative to the prior art:

[0029] 1. The application generates an induced current by cutting a copper coil with a magnet ring to power the motor, converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to drive the drill bit to rotate, realizes the secondary use of energy, improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces overall energy consumption, and has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency.

[0030] 2. The application can realize stable drilling in soft rock and medium-hard rock, and the drilling speed in hard rock is significantly improved, without the need to frequently replace the drill bit, saving operation cost.

[0031] 3、Compared with the traditional drilling method, when the resistance of hard rock layer drilling increases, the impact frequency will be correspondingly accelerated, the cutting magnetic induction line speed will be faster, and the induced current will be more, and the motor further improves the rotation speed of the drill bit on the basis of the rotation speed of the drill bit itself, so that the total rotation speed of the drill bit is significantly improved, which greatly shortens the construction period and improves the efficiency of drilling operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 The device structure schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the air guide hole and the drill bit part provided for the embodiment of the application;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a sectional view;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the device of the application in the operation process in the rock layer Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the device of the application in the operation process in the rock layer Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the rotation speed increasing device of the device of the application;

[0039] In the figure: 1 is a self-driven down-the-hole hammer, 2 is an impactor joint, 3 is an air guide channel, 4 is an outer sleeve, 5 is a down-the-hole hammer movable head, 6 is a copper coil, 7 is a rotation speed increasing device, 8 is an air cylinder, 9 is an air inlet chamber, 10 is an air guide hole, 11 is a drill bit, 12 is a bearing, 13 is an air guide pipe, 14 is a motor, 15 is an air cylinder front chamber, 16 is an air cylinder rear chamber, 17 is a middle piston, 18 is an air inlet plug, 19 is a gas blocking core, 20 is a first air hole, 21 is a second air hole, 22 is an air inlet channel, 23 is a spring, 24 is a one-way valve, 25 is a first guide sealing sleeve, 26 is a second guide sealing sleeve, 27 is an impact base, 28 is a magnet ring, 29 is a rock layer, and 30 is an air guide gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the relative positional relationship or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is a relative positional relationship or position relationship, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" and the like can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0042] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 The present application provides a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device, which comprises a self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1 capable of penetrating into a rock layer 29 and an impactor joint 2 threadedly connected to the self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1. The impactor joint 2 is internally provided with a gas guide channel 3. The self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1 comprises an outer sleeve 4 and a down-the-hole hammer movable head 5.

[0043] The outer sleeve 4 is internally provided with a coil, a rotary speed-increasing device 7, a gas cylinder 8 and an air inlet chamber 9. The down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 comprises a drill bit 11, and the drill bit 11 is provided with three gas guide holes 10. The present application does not limit the specific number of gas guide holes 10, and the embodiment gives a relatively conventional number of gas guide holes. The coil can be a copper coil 6, and the specific material of the coil is not limited in the embodiment, as long as it can conduct electricity.

[0044] The rotary speed increasing device 7 comprises a bearing 12, a gas guide pipe 13 and a motor 14; the cylinder 8 comprises a cylinder front chamber 15, a cylinder rear chamber 16 and a middle piston 17; the air inlet chamber 9 comprises an air inlet plug 18 and a gas blocking core 19. The air inlet plug 18 is provided with a first gas hole 20 at one end and a second gas hole 21 at the other end, and is internally provided with an air inlet channel 22; the gas blocking core 19 comprises a spring 23 and a one-way valve 24; the cylinder front chamber 15 is provided with a first guide sealing sleeve 25; the cylinder rear chamber 16 is provided with a second guide sealing sleeve 26 and an impact base 27; the middle piston 17 is provided with a magnet ring 28. There are gas guide gaps 30 between the cylinder front chamber 15, the cylinder rear chamber 16 and the outer sleeve pipe 4.

[0045] The inner wall of the hammer movable head 5 is connected with the bearing 12, the outer wall of the hammer movable head 5 is connected with one end of the outer sleeve pipe 4, and the other end of the outer sleeve pipe 4 is threadedly connected with the impactor joint 2.

[0046] The gas guide pipe 13 is arranged in the motor 14, one end of the gas guide pipe 13 is inserted into the bearing 12, and the other end of the gas guide pipe 13 is inserted into the second guide sealing sleeve 26.

[0047] One end of the impact base 27 is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve pipe 4, the other end of the impact base 27 is connected with one end of the second guide sealing sleeve 26, the other end of the second guide sealing sleeve 26 is connected with the inner wall gap of the middle piston 17, the middle piston 17 is connected with the copper coil 6 in a gap manner, and the middle piston 17 is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve pipe 4 in a gap manner.

[0048] One end of the first guide sealing sleeve 25 is connected with the middle piston 17 in a gap manner, the other end of the first guide sealing sleeve 25 is connected with the outer wall of the air inlet plug 18, and the first gas hole 20 is inserted into the first guide sealing sleeve 25.

[0049] One end of the one-way valve 24 is connected with one end of the spring 23, the other end of the one-way valve 24 blocks the gas guide channel 3, and the other end of the spring 23 is connected with the second gas hole 21.

[0050] The two ends of the copper coil 6 are respectively connected with the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the motor 14 in the rotary speed increasing device 7.

[0051] The application further provides an impact rock breaking drilling method, mainly comprising the following steps.

[0052] Step one, connecting the self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1 with the impactor joint 2 and drilling in the rock stratum 29;

[0053] Step two, when the drill bit 11 of the hammer movable head 5 touches and closely contacts with the rock stratum 29, the impact base 27 closely contacts with the middle piston 17, and the hammer movable head 5 is in a state of inward contraction due to the extrusion of the axial force.

[0054] Step three, open the drilling machine, compressed air through the impactor joint 2 inside the air guide channel 3, open the one-way valve 24, into the intake chamber 9, through the second air hole 21 into the intake channel 22, through the first air hole 20 into the air gap 30 in the cylinder chamber 15, through the air gap 30 into the cylinder chamber 16, when the internal pressure of the cylinder chamber 16 reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston 17 close to the first guide sleeve 25, the compressed air in the cylinder chamber 15, at the same time, the magnet ring 28 on the outer wall of the middle piston 17 cuts the copper coil 6 to generate induced current;

[0055] Step four, after the middle piston 17 and the second guide sleeve 26 are separated, the air is discharged through the second guide sleeve 26, the air guide pipe 13 and the air guide hole 10, at this time the internal pressure of the cylinder chamber 15 is greater than that of the cylinder chamber 16, the middle piston 17 is close to the second guide sleeve 26, and finally pushes the impact base 27 to extend the drill bit 11 outward; At the same time, the magnet ring 28 cuts the copper coil 6 again to generate induced current;

[0056] Step five, the outer sleeve 4 drives the drill bit 11 to continue impact rotation work, the induced current generated by the magnet ring 28 cutting the copper coil 6 is processed by the rotation speed increasing device 7 and used as the energy source of the motor 14, which stably supplies energy for the motor 14, and the motor 14 further realizes the rotation speed increasing of the drill bit 11 through the bearing 12;

[0057] Step six, repeat steps three to five to complete the drilling operation, and stop the compressed air.

[0058] The induced current generated by the magnet ring 28 cutting the copper coil 6 of the present application can effectively increase the rotation speed of the drill bit 11, especially in the condition of hard rock drilling, the drilling resistance increases, the impact frequency will be correspondingly accelerated, the speed of cutting the magnetic induction line will also be faster, and the induced current generated will also be more. The motor 14 further improves the rotation speed V2 of the drill bit 11 (i.e. the rotation speed of the drill bit 11 driven by the rotation speed increasing device 7) on the basis of the rotation speed V1 of the drill bit 11 itself (i.e. the basic rotation speed of the drill bit 11 driven by the outer sleeve 4), so the total rotation speed V of the drill bit 11 is V1+V2, therefore, the rotation speed of the drill bit 11 is significantly improved, which greatly shortens the construction period and improves the efficiency of the drilling operation.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device, comprising a self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1) and an impactor joint (2) connected with the self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1), the self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1) comprising an outer sleeve (4) and a down-the-hole hammer movable head (5), and the impactor joint (2) is internally provided with a gas guide channel (3), characterized in that: The outer sleeve (4) is internally provided with a coil, a rotary speed increasing device (7), a cylinder (8) and an air inlet chamber (9). The cylinder (8) comprises a cylinder front chamber (15), a cylinder rear chamber (16) and a middle piston (17). The middle piston (17) is provided with a magnet ring (28) and a coil. The two ends of the coil are connected with the positive and negative poles of the rotary speed increasing device (7) respectively. The rotary speed increasing device (7) is in contact with the down-the-hole hammer movable head (5). ​ The rotary speed increasing device (7) comprises a bearing (12), a gas guide pipe (13) and a motor (14). The inner wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head (5) is connected with the bearing (12). The outer wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head (5) is connected with one end of the outer sleeve (4). The gas guide pipe (13) is arranged in the motor (14). One end of the gas guide pipe (13) is inserted into the bearing (12). The cylinder front chamber (15) and the cylinder rear chamber (16) are both provided with a gas guide gap (30) with the outer sleeve (4). The cylinder rear chamber (16) comprises a second guide sealing sleeve (26) and an impact base (27). One end of the impact base (27) is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve (4). The other end of the impact base (27) is connected with one end of the second guide sealing sleeve (26). The other end of the second guide sealing sleeve (26) is connected with the inner wall of the middle piston (17) with a gap. The other end of the gas guide pipe (13) is inserted into the second guide sealing sleeve (26). The air inlet chamber (9) comprises an air inlet plug (18) and a gas blocking core (19). The gas blocking core (19) is arranged between the air inlet plug (18) and the impactor joint (2). The cylinder front chamber (15) is provided with a first guide sealing sleeve (25). One end of the first guide sealing sleeve (25) is connected with the middle piston (17) with a gap. The other end of the first guide sealing sleeve (25) is connected with the outer wall of the air inlet plug (18). One end of the air inlet plug (18) is provided with a first air hole (20). The other end of the air inlet plug (18) is provided with a second air hole (21). The inside of the air inlet plug (18) is provided with an air inlet channel (22). The first air hole (20) is inserted into the inside of the first guide sealing sleeve (25).

2. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas blocking core (19) comprises a spring (23) and a one-way valve (24). One end of the one-way valve (24) is connected with one end of the spring (23). The other end of the one-way valve (24) blocks the air guide channel (3). The other end of the spring (23) is connected with the second air hole (21).

3. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle piston (17) is connected with the coil with a gap. The middle piston (17) is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve (4) with a gap.

4. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock breaking drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The down-the-hole hammer movable head (5) comprises a drill bit (11). A plurality of air guide holes (10) are arranged on the drill bit (11).

5. A method of percussive rock drilling, characterized by: The self-driven composite speed increasing impact rock breaking drilling device is realized by adopting the self-driven composite speed increasing impact rock breaking drilling device according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps: Step one, connecting the self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1) with the impactor joint (2) and drilling into the rock stratum (29) for drilling operation. Step two, when the drill bit (11) of the DTH hammer movable head (5) touches the rock stratum (29) and is in close contact with the rock stratum (29), the impact base (27) is in close contact with the middle piston (17), and the DTH hammer movable head (5) is in a state of inward contraction due to the extrusion of the axial force; Step three, turn on the drilling machine, and the compressed air enters the air inlet chamber (9) through the one-way valve (24) in the air guide channel (3) inside the impactor joint (2), enters the air inlet channel (22) through the second air hole (21), enters the air guide gap (30) in the front chamber (15) of the air cylinder through the first air hole (20), and enters the rear chamber (16) of the air cylinder through the air guide gap (30). When the internal air pressure of the rear chamber (16) reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston (17) to approach the first guide sealing sleeve (25), compresses the air in the front chamber (15) of the air cylinder, and at the same time, the magnet ring (28) on the outer wall of the middle piston (17) cuts the copper coil (6) to generate induced current; Step four, after the middle piston (17) is separated from the second guide sealing sleeve (26), the air is discharged through the second guide sealing sleeve (26), the air guide pipe (13) and the air guide hole (10), at this time, the internal air pressure of the front chamber (15) of the air cylinder is greater than that of the rear chamber (16) of the air cylinder, the middle piston (17) approaches the second guide sealing sleeve (26), and finally pushes the impact base (27) to extend the drill bit (11) outward; At the same time, the magnet ring (28) cuts the copper coil (6) again to generate induced current; Step five, the outer sleeve (4) drives the drill bit (11) to continue impact and rotary operation, the induced current generated by the magnet ring (28) cutting the copper coil (6) is processed by the rotary speed increasing device (7) and used as the energy source of the motor (14), which stably supplies energy for the motor (14), and the motor (14) further realizes the rotary speed increasing of the drill bit (11) through the bearing (12); Step six, repeat steps three to five to complete the drilling operation, and stop the compressed air from being introduced.

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