Gearbox temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a gear box temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method. The infrared temperature sensor and the thermal resistance temperature sensor are integrated to be arranged, so that the installation of two temperature sensors on the gear box can be completed at one time, and the mounting and maintenance efficiency of the temperature measuring device is improved. The thermal resistance temperature sensor and the infrared temperature sensor are used to measure the oil temperature in the gear box, so that the reliability of the gear box temperature monitoring operation is improved, and the safe operation of the internal components of the gear box is ensured. The magnetic sleeve is arranged to be quickly adsorbed and installed in the accommodating hole of the gear box. The upper pipe section and the magnetic sleeve are arranged as a threaded connection structure to realize the sealed connection of the two, the length of the sealed section of the whole temperature measuring device is prolonged, and the probability of leakage of the oil in the gear box after seeping out through the gap between the lower pipe section and the threaded hole of the lower pipe section is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of temperature measurement technology, specifically relating to a gearbox temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method. Background Technology

[0002] Gearboxes are important components of large equipment such as wind turbine generators and rolling mills. The inside of the gearbox is filled with lubricating oil. As the equipment operates for a long time, the oil temperature inside the gearbox will rise. In order to prevent the oil temperature from being too high and affecting the service life of the internal components of the gearbox, a temperature sensor is usually installed on the gearbox to monitor its internal oil temperature in real time to ensure the safe operation of the gearbox.

[0003] Currently, temperature sensors installed on gearboxes are generally contact-type temperature sensors, such as resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or thermocouples. These contact sensors are threaded onto the gearbox body. However, these sensors are prone to reading drift in the high-temperature, high-vibration environment of the gearbox, with errors potentially exceeding ±1℃, making them unsuitable for precise monitoring. This is especially true within the normal operating temperature range of 60-90℃, where the linearity of traditional thermocouples decreases significantly. Therefore, existing gearboxes typically use RTDs, which offer better linearity, measurement accuracy, and interference resistance. Platinum RTDs are currently the most widely used. Figure 1 As shown, existing resistance temperature detectors (RTD) sensors generally include a RTD protection tube 11 with a sealed lower end and a RTD 12 disposed inside the RTD protection tube 11. The upper part of the outer wall of the RTD protection tube 11 has external threads. The gearbox 9 has a threaded through hole, through which the RTD protection tube 11 extends into the gearbox, and the upper part of the threaded rod 11 is threaded into the threaded through hole. Although the temperature measurement accuracy of the above-mentioned temperature sensor has been improved, it still has the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. To ensure the sealing of the threaded connection between the RTD protection tube 11 and the gearbox 9 and the overall stability of the temperature sensor connection, the threaded connection length between the RTD protection tube 11 and the gearbox 9 is generally more than 15mm. The large threaded connection length makes the installation of the temperature sensor more time-consuming and labor-intensive, affecting the efficiency of temperature sensor installation, removal and replacement, and impacting equipment operation. Some temperature sensors use a plug-in structure to achieve quick installation and removal, but their installation accuracy and reliability are insufficient, and they are prone to displacement.

[0005] 2. In practical applications, the threaded connection between the thermal resistance protection tube 11 and the gearbox 9 is prone to loosening or falling off of the platinum thermal resistance sensor or failure of sealing due to the vibration of the gearbox. It can also cause oil to seep out from the thread gaps or even seep into the thermal resistance protection tube 11 of the platinum thermal resistance sensor, changing the surface thermal conductivity of the platinum thermal resistance 12 and affecting the measurement accuracy and service life of the platinum thermal resistance sensor.

[0006] 3. Most contact sensors have a response time of 10-20 seconds or more, which is insufficient to detect sudden temperature rises in the gearbox in a timely manner, leading to delayed fault warnings. For example, wind turbine gearboxes may experience rapid temperature rises during pitch control, which existing sensors cannot respond to in time, potentially causing damage to components inside the gearbox.

[0007] 4. When the temperature sensor fails, it cannot be detected in time. The gearbox loses its temperature monitoring function, which can easily lead to gearbox damage. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gearbox temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method to improve the accuracy and reliability of gearbox temperature monitoring.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve this technical problem is: a gearbox temperature measuring device, including a resistance temperature sensor, the resistance temperature sensor including a resistance protection tube and a resistance temperature sensor disposed in the resistance protection tube, and also including an infrared temperature sensor and a magnetic sleeve, the infrared temperature sensor including an infrared thermopile protection tube and an infrared thermopile.

[0010] The infrared thermopile protection tube includes an upper tube section and a lower tube section coaxially adjacent to the lower end of the upper tube section. The outer diameter of the upper tube section is larger than the outer diameter of the lower tube section, and the two tube cavities are connected. The lower tube section is sealed and connected to the upper end of the resistance temperature detector (RTD) protection tube, and the two tube cavities are connected. The outer diameter of the lower tube section is larger than the outer diameter of the RTD protection tube, and the inner diameter of the lower tube section is larger than the inner diameter of the RTD protection tube. The infrared thermopile is disposed in the lower tube section and located between the inner wall of the lower tube section and the outer wall of the RTD protection tube. The photosensitive window of the infrared thermopile is located at one end closer to the RTD protection tube.

[0011] Both the upper pipe section and the lower pipe section have external threaded sections on their outer sidewalls; the magnetic sleeve has internal threaded sections on its inner sidewalls; the upper pipe section is coaxially disposed inside the magnetic sleeve and the two are threadedly connected; and the lower pipe section extends out of the magnetic sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the thermal resistor protection tube is a ceramic tube structure covering the outside of the thermal resistor, and the thermal resistor is PT1000.

[0013] Furthermore, the threads on the outer wall of the lower pipe section are trapezoidal threads, and a copper threaded sealing gasket is provided in the threaded groove of the outer wall of the lower pipe section.

[0014] Furthermore, a transparent sealing ring plate is provided at the end of the lower pipe section away from the upper pipe section. The inner wall of the transparent sealing ring plate is sealed to the outer wall of the thermal resistance protection tube, and the outer wall of the transparent sealing ring plate is sealed to the inner wall of the lower pipe section.

[0015] The infrared thermopile is fixedly installed within the installation space enclosed by the transparent sealing ring plate and the lower pipe section; the side of the transparent sealing ring plate away from the upper pipe section is coated with sapphire.

[0016] Furthermore, the magnetic sleeve includes a steel sleeve and a magnetic attraction layer disposed at one end of the steel sleeve, wherein the magnetic attraction layer is made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet.

[0017] Furthermore, the steel sleeve includes a steel sleeve body and a magnetic ring plate disposed at one end of the steel sleeve body, wherein the inner diameter of the magnetic ring plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the steel sleeve body; the magnetic ring plate is the magnetic layer.

[0018] The outer wall of the upper pipe section is threaded to the inner wall of the steel sleeve body, and the lower pipe section is located inside the magnetic ring plate with a clearance fit between them; an elastic buffer pad is provided between the upper pipe section and the magnetic ring plate.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a resistance temperature detector (RTD) analog-to-digital converter (RTD), an infrared RTD, an RTD microprocessor, and an infrared microprocessor integrated within the infrared thermopile protection tube.

[0020] The RTD analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the RTD, and the RTD microprocessor is electrically connected to the RTD analog-to-digital converter; the infrared analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the infrared thermopile, and the infrared microprocessor is electrically connected to the infrared analog-to-digital converter.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a processor, a controller electrically connected to the processor, and an alarm device electrically connected to the controller, wherein the resistance temperature detector (RTD) microprocessor and the infrared microprocessor are respectively electrically connected to the processor.

[0022] A method for measuring gearbox temperature, comprising measuring the oil temperature inside the gearbox using any of the gearbox temperature measuring devices described above, including the following steps:

[0023] S1. The resistance temperature sensor collects resistance temperature data A in real time, and the infrared temperature sensor collects infrared temperature data B in real time.

[0024] S2. Construct a logical operation model and use the model to perform logical operations on the thermal resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B in step S1 to obtain the logical operation result. Set a safe value range and determine whether the operation result is within the corresponding safe value range by comparing the logical operation result with the safe value range.

[0025] When the calculation results are all within the corresponding safe value range, proceed to steps S4-S6.

[0026] When any value in the calculation result is outside the corresponding safe range, a temperature measuring device fault alarm is issued.

[0027] S3. Determine the weights of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B based on the current actual temperature range, and perform weighted fusion of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B according to the determined weights to obtain the temperature fusion data C.

[0028] S4. Process the temperature fusion data C in step S3 using the Kalman filter algorithm to obtain the final temperature value D;

[0029] S5. Preset the safe temperature range Q of the gearbox, and determine whether the final temperature value D in step S4 is within the safe temperature range Q; if the final temperature value D is outside the safe temperature range Q, issue a gearbox temperature alarm.

[0030] Furthermore, step S2 includes:

[0031] S2.1 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change of the resistance temperature data A. A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B ;

[0032] S2.2 Calculate the temperature value T measured by the resistance temperature sensor. A Temperature value T measured by infrared temperature sensor B The absolute value of J;

[0033] S2.3 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change A and the slope of temperature change K B The absolute value of X;

[0034] When the temperature change slope K of the resistance temperature data A is... A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B All are located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差 Within the value range, the absolute value J of resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B is below 5%, and the slope of the temperature change is K. A and the slope of temperature change K B If the absolute value X is below 15%, proceed to steps S4-S6; otherwise, issue a temperature measuring device fault alarm.

[0035] Among them, when the temperature change slope K of the resistance temperature data A is... A Located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差When the temperature data is outside the safe temperature range, the system sends a fault alarm to the temperature measuring device and directly compares the infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor with the safe temperature range Q. If the infrared temperature data B is within the safe temperature range Q, the system terminal displays the gearbox temperature value; if the infrared temperature data B is outside the safe temperature range Q, a temperature alarm is triggered.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: to provide a gearbox temperature measuring device that integrates an infrared temperature sensor and a resistance temperature sensor to achieve multi-path monitoring of the oil inside the gearbox, thereby improving the oil temperature monitoring efficiency, avoiding damage to internal gearbox components due to the failure of either the resistance temperature sensor or the infrared temperature sensor to monitor the temperature inside the gearbox, improving the reliability of gearbox temperature monitoring operations, and ensuring the safe operation of internal gearbox components. By setting the upper pipe section and the magnetic sleeve, which can be quickly adsorbed and installed in the receiving hole of the gearbox, as a threaded connection structure, the sealing connection between the two is achieved. This extends the length of the entire sealing connection section between the temperature measuring device and the gearbox, reducing the probability of oil leakage from the gearbox through the gap between the lower pipe section and the threaded hole of the lower pipe section. In this case, the sealing length of the threaded sealing structure between the lower pipe section and the threaded hole of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be shortened. Currently, the sealing length of the threaded sealing structure between the lower pipe section and the threaded hole of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be reduced to 5mm. By rotating the infrared thermopile protection tube, the threaded sealing connection between the upper pipe section and the magnetic sleeve and the threaded sealing connection between the lower pipe section and the threaded hole of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be completed simultaneously. This reduces the number of rotations of the infrared thermopile protection tube during the assembly and disassembly of the temperature measuring device, improving the assembly, disassembly, and maintenance efficiency of the temperature measuring device.

[0037] A method for measuring gearbox temperature is provided. This method utilizes a temperature measuring device to measure the oil temperature inside the gearbox. The oil temperature is simultaneously monitored by a resistance temperature detector (RTD) and an infrared temperature sensor. During this process, the real-time RTD temperature data (A) and infrared temperature data (B) collected by the RTD and infrared temperature sensors are logically processed to determine if the measuring device is malfunctioning. This allows for real-time monitoring of the device's operating status, ensuring stable and reliable monitoring of the gearbox oil temperature and thus guaranteeing gearbox reliability. Furthermore, by weighted fusion of the RTD and infrared temperature data (A and B) and applying a Kalman filter algorithm to calculate the final temperature value (D), the accuracy of gearbox oil temperature measurement is improved, ensuring a system accuracy of ±0.5℃ within the range of -40℃ to 300℃, further guaranteeing gearbox operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the platinum resistance thermometer and gearbox in the background technology;

[0039] Figure 2 This is an axial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the gearbox temperature measuring device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of a resistance temperature sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the magnetic sleeve;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature measuring through hole in the gearbox of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the gearbox temperature measuring device and the gearbox;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the signal processing system of the gearbox temperature measuring device in this invention;

[0046] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the gearbox temperature measurement method in this invention;

[0047] Reference numerals: 1-RTD temperature sensor; 11-RTD protection tube; 12-RTD; 2-Infrared temperature sensor; 21-Upper pipe section; 22-Lower pipe section; 23-Infrared thermopile; 24-Copper threaded gasket; 25-Sapphire coating; 26-Transparent sealing ring plate; 3-Magnetic sleeve; 31-Steel sleeve; 311-Steel sleeve body; 312-Magnetic ring plate; 32-Magnetic layer; 33-Elastic buffer pad; 41-RTD analog-to-digital converter; 42-Infrared analog-to-digital converter; 51-RTD microprocessor; 52-Infrared microprocessor; 6-Processor; 7-Controller; 8-Alarm device; 9-Gearbox; 91-Magnetic sleeve mounting hole; 92-Lower pipe section threaded hole; 93-Accommodation hole; 94-Outer stepped surface; 95-Inner stepped surface; 96-Annular space. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] As attached Figure 2-9As shown, a gearbox temperature measuring device includes a resistance temperature sensor 1, which includes a resistance temperature tube 11 and a resistance temperature resistor 12 disposed within the resistance temperature tube 11. It also includes an infrared temperature sensor 2 and a magnetic sleeve 3. The infrared temperature sensor 2 includes an infrared thermopile protection tube and an infrared thermopile 23. The infrared thermopile protection tube includes an upper tube section 21 and a lower tube section 22 coaxially adjacent to the lower end of the upper tube section 21. The outer diameter of the upper tube section 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the lower tube section 22, and their cavities are connected. The lower tube section 22 is sealed to the upper end of the resistance temperature tube 11, and their inner cavities are connected. The outer diameter of the lower pipe section 22 is larger than the outer diameter of the thermal resistance protection tube 11, and the inner diameter of the lower pipe section 22 is larger than the inner diameter of the thermal resistance protection tube 11; the infrared thermopile 23 is disposed inside the lower pipe section 22 and located between the inner side wall of the lower pipe section 22 and the outer side wall of the thermal resistance protection tube 11, and the photosensitive window of the infrared thermopile 23 is located at one end close to the thermal resistance protection tube 11; both the upper pipe section 21 and the lower pipe section 22 have external thread sections on their outer side walls; the magnetic sleeve 3 has an internal thread section on its inner side wall, the upper pipe section 21 is coaxially disposed inside the magnetic sleeve 3 and the two are threadedly connected, and the lower pipe section 22 extends out of the magnetic sleeve 3.

[0050] The gearbox 9 is provided with a temperature measuring through hole, which includes a magnetic sleeve mounting hole 91, a lower pipe section threaded hole 92, and a receiving hole 93 arranged coaxially and sequentially from the outside to the inside of the gearbox 9. The diameter of the magnetic sleeve mounting hole 91 is larger than the diameter of the lower pipe section threaded hole 92, and an outer stepped surface 94 is formed between them. The diameter of the lower pipe section threaded hole 92 is larger than the diameter of the receiving hole 93, and an inner stepped surface 95 is formed between them. The magnetic sleeve mounting hole 91 communicates with the external space of the gearbox 9, and the receiving hole 93 communicates with the internal cavity of the gearbox 9. When installing the temperature measuring device described in this invention, first install the magnetic sleeve 3 into the magnetic sleeve mounting hole 91 with a clearance fit. The magnetic sleeve 3 is quickly attracted to the outer step surface 94 by magnetic force. Then, rotate the infrared thermopile protection tube to thread the lower pipe section 22 into the lower pipe section threaded hole 92 and the upper pipe section 21 into the magnetic sleeve 3 until the end face of the upper pipe section 21 abuts against the outer step surface 94 or the end face of the lower pipe section 22 abuts against the inner step surface 95. At this time, the thermal resistance protection tube 11 is located in the receiving hole 93 and there is an annular space 96 between them. The infrared thermopile 23 is located between the side wall of the receiving hole 93 and the outer side wall of the thermal resistance protection tube 11. The infrared rays of the oil in the gearbox are radiated to the photosensitive window of the infrared thermopile 23 through the annular space 96 to realize the oil temperature measurement. The end of the thermal resistance protection tube 11 away from the infrared thermopile protection tube and the thermal resistance 12 are both located in the gearbox and in contact with the medium to be measured to realize the temperature measurement of the oil in the gearbox. The thermal resistance temperature sensor 1 of the present invention completes oil temperature monitoring by directly contacting the oil through its outer thermal resistance protection tube 11. The infrared temperature sensor 2 can realize the measurement of oil temperature in the gearbox more quickly through non-contact means, thereby improving the oil temperature monitoring efficiency of the gearbox.

[0051] This invention integrates an infrared temperature sensor 2 and a resistance temperature sensor 1 to achieve multi-path monitoring of the oil inside the gearbox 9, thereby improving the efficiency of oil temperature monitoring, avoiding damage to internal gearbox components due to the failure of either the resistance temperature sensor 1 or the infrared temperature sensor 2 to monitor the temperature inside the gearbox, improving the reliability of gearbox temperature monitoring operations, and ensuring the safe operation of internal gearbox components. By setting the upper pipe section 21 and the magnetic sleeve 3, which can be quickly adsorbed and installed in the receiving hole 93 of the gearbox, as a threaded connection structure, the sealing connection between the two is achieved. This extends the length of the sealing connection section between the entire temperature measuring device and the gearbox, reducing the probability of oil leakage from the gearbox through the gap between the lower pipe section 22 and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section. In this case, the sealing length of the threaded sealing structure between the lower pipe section 22 and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be shortened. Currently, the sealing length of the threaded sealing structure between the lower pipe section 22 and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be reduced to 5mm. By rotating the infrared thermopile protection tube, the threaded sealing connection between the upper pipe section 21 and the magnetic sleeve 3 and the threaded sealing connection between the lower pipe section 22 and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section on the gearbox can be completed simultaneously. This reduces the number of rotations of the infrared thermopile protection tube during the assembly and disassembly of the temperature measuring device, improving the assembly, disassembly, and maintenance efficiency of the temperature measuring device.

[0052] The thermal resistor protection tube 11 is used to protect the thermal resistor 12, preventing oil contamination and corrosion, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the thermal resistor 12, and guaranteeing the accuracy of temperature measurement by the thermal resistor temperature sensor 1. The thermal resistor protection tube 11 can be made of stainless steel, carbon steel, titanium alloy, or zirconium alloy, etc. Preferably, the thermal resistor protection tube 11 is a ceramic tube structure covering the outside of the thermal resistor 12. The ceramic tube structure of the thermal resistor protection tube 11 has advantages such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and electromagnetic interference prevention, ensuring stable temperature signal transmission. The ceramic tube structure of the thermal resistor protection tube 11 has high hardness, which can absorb mechanical shock and vibration energy, preventing the leads on the thermal resistor 12 from breaking or loosening. The ceramic tube structure used in this invention has a mechanical vibration resistance level of 10G or higher. G=9.8m / s 2 .

[0053] The resistance temperature detector (RTD) 12 can be made of pure metals such as copper, manganese, nickel, rhodium, or platinum. Compared to other RTDs, platinum RTDs exhibit a highly linear relationship between resistance and temperature, offering high measurement accuracy, high chemical stability, and strong anti-interference capabilities. Furthermore, it conforms to the IEC 6075 international standard, clearly specifying a temperature coefficient α = 0.003851 / ℃, resistance tolerances of Class A and Class B, and temperature ranges, making it versatile. The calibration tables for PT100 and PT1000 are publicly available and transparent, facilitating data processing and system integration. Specifically, the resistance of PT100 is 100Ω at 0℃ and approximately 138.5Ω at 100℃; the resistance of PT1000 is 1000Ω at 0℃ and approximately 2120.515Ω at 100℃. That is, the PT1000 has a higher sensitivity than the PT100. Therefore, preferably, the RTD 12 is a PT1000, improving the measurement accuracy of the RTD temperature sensor 1.

[0054] The infrared thermopile protection tube is used to integrate the infrared temperature sensor 2 and the resistance temperature sensor 1 into a single structure. The infrared temperature sensor 2 and the resistance temperature sensor 1 are simultaneously mounted within the temperature sensing through-hole of the gearbox through the infrared thermopile protection tube, achieving a sealed connection between them and the hole wall. Specifically, the upper tube section 21 of the infrared thermopile protection tube is used for a threaded sealing connection with the magnetic sleeve 3, and the lower tube section 22 of the infrared thermopile protection tube is used for a threaded sealing connection within the threaded hole 92 of the lower tube section of the gearbox. The upper tube section 21 and the lower tube section 22 can be a single integral structure or a fixed connection. The external threads on the upper tube section 21 and the lower tube section 22 can be triangular threads, rectangular threads, or trapezoidal threads, etc. Because trapezoidal threads have high load-bearing capacity and good self-locking performance, preferably, the thread on the outer wall of the lower tube section 22 is a trapezoidal thread to prevent the temperature sensing device from loosening and improve the connection reliability between the lower tube section 22 and the gearbox. As a further preferred embodiment, a copper threaded sealing gasket 24 is provided in the threaded groove on the outer side wall of the lower pipe section 22. The copper threaded sealing gasket 24 is plastically deformed by mechanical extrusion to fill the sealing interface between the lower pipe section 22 and the gearbox, thereby improving the sealing performance between the lower pipe section 22 and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section and preventing oil leakage from the gearbox 9.

[0055] The lower pipe section 22 and the thermal resistance protection tube 11 can be connected by means of adhesive bonding, threaded connection, bolt connection, etc. Specifically, a transparent sealing ring plate 26 is provided at the end of the lower pipe section 22 away from the upper pipe section 21. The inner sidewall of the transparent sealing ring plate 26 is sealed to the outer sidewall of the thermal resistance protection tube 11, and the outer sidewall of the transparent sealing ring plate 26 is sealed to the inner sidewall of the lower pipe section 22. The infrared thermopile 23 can be fixedly installed in the installation space enclosed by the transparent sealing ring plate 26 and the lower pipe section 22 by means of adhesive bonding, bolt connection, snap-fit ​​connection, etc. The transparent sealing ring plate 26 provides support and protection for the infrared thermopile 23. The inner sidewall of the transparent sealing ring plate 26 and the outer sidewall of the thermal resistance protection tube 11 can be sealed and bonded with sealant, and the outer sidewall of the transparent sealing ring plate 26 and the inner sidewall of the lower pipe section 22 can also be sealed and connected with sealant. The transparent sealing ring plate 26 can be made of heat-resistant glass, heat-resistant acrylic sheet or other materials to ensure that infrared light can pass through and to ensure the measurement accuracy of the infrared thermopile 23.

[0056] As a further preferred embodiment, the transparent sealing ring plate 26 is provided with a sapphire coating 25 on the side away from the upper pipe section 21. The sapphire coating 25 is made of high-performance ceramic material, which can reduce optical loss, improve the impact and vibration resistance of the transparent sealing ring plate 26, and improve the structural stability of the transparent sealing ring plate 26. In addition, the adhesion of oil stains is significantly reduced, preventing oil stains from adhering to the transparent sealing ring plate 26, reducing oil stain residue, reducing optical loss, and improving the temperature measurement accuracy of the infrared thermopile 23.

[0057] The infrared thermopile 23 is a non-contact infrared temperature sensor based on the thermoelectric Seebeck effect. It measures temperature by detecting the infrared radiation energy emitted by a target object, and has advantages such as non-contact operation, fast response, and wide measurement range. One or more infrared thermopile 23s can be used. Specifically, multiple infrared thermopile 23s are evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower pipe section 22; each infrared thermopile 23 has a pixel size of 32×24 and a field of view of 60°.

[0058] The magnetic sleeve 3 can be quickly and easily attached to the gearbox 9. Its threaded connection with the upper pipe section 21 improves the stability of the temperature measuring device on the gearbox. The internal thread of the magnetic sleeve 3 mates with the external thread of the upper pipe section 21, and the threaded hole 92 of the lower pipe section mates with the external thread of the lower pipe section 22. This allows the infrared thermopile protection tube to be threadedly connected to the magnetic sleeve 3 and the lower pipe section threaded hole 92 on the gearbox 9 while rotating the infrared thermopile protection tube. This improves the efficiency of the temperature measuring device's assembly, disassembly, and maintenance, and saves manpower. The magnetic sleeve 3 can be made entirely of permanent magnet material, or it can be a composite structure of a steel sleeve and a permanent magnet layer. Preferably, the magnetic sleeve 3 includes a steel sleeve 31 and a magnetic suction layer 32 disposed at one end of the steel sleeve 31. The magnetic suction layer 32 is a permanent magnet structure, saving material costs. During installation, the end face of the magnetic suction layer 32 away from the steel sleeve 31 is attracted to the outer stepped surface 94. The magnetic layer 32 is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet N52 with a surface magnetic field strength of over 1200 Gs, which can be instantly adsorbed onto the iron gearbox surface.

[0059] Preferably, the steel sleeve 31 includes a steel sleeve body 311 and a magnetic ring plate 312 disposed at one end of the steel sleeve body 311. The inner diameter of the magnetic ring plate 312 is smaller than the inner diameter of the steel sleeve body 311. The outer wall of the upper pipe section 21 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the steel sleeve body 311, and the lower pipe section 22 is located inside the magnetic ring plate 312 with a clearance fit. An elastic buffer pad 33 is provided between the upper pipe section 21 and the magnetic ring plate 312. The steel sleeve body 311 and the magnetic ring plate 312 are integrally formed structures. Both the upper pipe section 21 and the magnetic ring plate 312 abut against the elastic buffer pad 33. When the temperature measuring device is installed on the gearbox, the magnetic ring plate 312 strongly adheres to the outer step surface 94 on the gearbox, so that the magnetic sleeve 3 and the outer step surface 94 are sealed together to prevent oil leakage. By incorporating an elastic buffer pad 33, high-frequency vibrations during gearbox operation are absorbed, reducing the vibration of the temperature measuring device and improving the reliability of the connection between the temperature measuring device and the gearbox. The elastic buffer pad 33 can be made of rubber or polyurethane, but is generally made of rubber with a Shore hardness of 50A.

[0060] Preferably, the device further includes a resistance temperature detector (RTD) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 41, an infrared ADC 42, an RTD microprocessor 51, and an infrared microprocessor 52 integrated within the infrared thermopile protection tube. The RTD ADC 41 is electrically connected to the RTD 12, and the RTD microprocessor 51 is electrically connected to the RTD ADC 41. The infrared ADC 42 is electrically connected to the infrared thermopile 23, and the infrared microprocessor 52 is electrically connected to the infrared ADC 42. The RTD ADC 41 converts the analog signal from the RTD 12 into a digital signal, and the RTD microprocessor 51 performs calculations on the converted data. The infrared ADC 42 converts the analog signal from the infrared thermopile 23 into a digital signal, and the infrared microprocessor 52 performs calculations on the converted digital signal from the infrared thermopile 23. The RTD analog-to-digital converter 41 and the infrared analog-to-digital converter 42 generally adopt Σ-Δ type analog-to-digital converters with a sampling bit depth of 4 bits, supporting direct conversion of 4-20mA analog signals from the PT1000, with a sampling rate ≥1kHz. The RTD microprocessor 51 and the infrared microprocessor 52 have built-in temperature compensation algorithms, such as using the Callendar-Van Dusen equation of the PT1000 to calculate the temperature data measured by the RTD 12 in real time, improving the temperature measurement accuracy of the RTD temperature sensor 1. The Callendar-Van Dusen equation is existing technology, used to describe the relationship between the resistance and temperature of a platinum resistance sensor, and is widely used in temperature measurement and calibration. In practical applications, nonlinearity compensation is performed through table lookup or software to improve temperature measurement accuracy. This temperature measurement device can realize the analog-to-digital conversion and basic data processing of the analog signals from the RTD temperature sensor 1 and the infrared temperature sensor 2 on-site, realizing on-site digitization of the temperature measurement device's signals, eliminating noise pollution during analog signal transmission, avoiding signal attenuation and distortion, improving signal quality, enhancing the reliability of the temperature measurement device, and reducing wiring costs.

[0061] Preferably, the device further includes a processor 6, a controller 7 electrically connected to the processor 6, and an alarm device 8 electrically connected to the controller 7. The thermistor microprocessor 51 and the infrared microprocessor 52 are respectively electrically connected to the processor 6. The thermistor microprocessor 51 transmits the temperature data measured by the processed thermistor 12 to the processor 6. Simultaneously, the infrared microprocessor 52 also transmits the temperature data measured by the processed infrared temperature sensor 2 to the processor 6. The processor 6 fuses the temperature data measured by the thermistor temperature sensor 1 and the infrared temperature sensor 2 using a data fusion algorithm to obtain the final temperature data and transmits it to the controller 7, thereby improving the temperature monitoring accuracy of the temperature measuring device. The controller 7 determines whether the received temperature data is within the safe range. When the received temperature data is outside the safe range, the controller 7 controls the alarm device 8 to sound an alarm; when the received temperature data is within the safe range, the controller 7 transmits the final temperature data to the display terminal for display. The alarm device 8 can be a signal light, a buzzer, etc. The processor 6 and the controller 7 are generally integrated structures, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), computer terminals, and mobile terminals, which all integrate processors and controllers. The display terminal can be a computer, mobile phone, or monitor. The digital communication interface supports RS-485 / Modbus or CAN bus protocols, and its anti-interference capability should meet the ISO 11898-2 standard.

[0062] A method for measuring the temperature of a gearbox, comprising measuring the temperature of the oil inside the gearbox using any of the gearbox temperature measuring devices described above, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. The resistance temperature sensor 1 collects resistance temperature data A in real time, and the infrared temperature sensor 2 collects infrared temperature data B in real time.

[0064] S2. Construct a logical operation model and use the model to perform logical operations on the thermal resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B in step S1 to obtain the logical operation result. Set a safe value range and determine whether the operation result is within the corresponding safe value range by comparing the logical operation result with the safe value range.

[0065] When the calculation results are all within the corresponding safe value range, proceed to steps S4-S6.

[0066] When any value in the calculation result is outside the corresponding safe range, a temperature measuring device fault alarm is issued.

[0067] S3. Determine the weights of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B based on the current actual temperature range, and perform weighted fusion of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B according to the determined weights to obtain the temperature fusion data C.

[0068] S4. Process the temperature fusion data C in step S3 using the Kalman filter algorithm to obtain the final temperature value D;

[0069] S5. Preset the safe temperature range Q of the gearbox, and determine whether the final temperature value D in step S4 is within the safe temperature range Q; if the final temperature value D is outside the safe temperature range Q, issue a gearbox temperature alarm.

[0070] The Kalman filter algorithm, a current technology, is a recursive algorithm used to optimally estimate the state of a dynamic system in the presence of noise by combining predicted and measured values. Kalman filtering is based on two main steps: prediction and update. Prediction uses the state estimate from the previous time step to predict the current state based on the system's state equations. Update involves combining measured values ​​and using the Kalman gain to refine the predicted value, thus obtaining a more accurate estimate.

[0071] By employing the temperature measuring device of this invention to measure the oil temperature inside the gearbox, the oil temperature is simultaneously monitored by both a thermal resistance temperature sensor 1 and an infrared temperature sensor 2. During this process, the real-time thermal resistance temperature data A collected by the thermal resistance temperature sensor 1 and the real-time infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor 2 are logically processed to determine whether there is a malfunction in the temperature measuring device. This enables real-time monitoring of the operating status of the temperature measuring device, ensuring stable and reliable monitoring of the oil temperature inside the gearbox, thereby guaranteeing the operational reliability of the gearbox. Furthermore, by weighted fusion of the real-time thermal resistance temperature data A collected by the thermal resistance temperature sensor 1 and the real-time infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor 2, and then using a Kalman filter algorithm to calculate the final temperature value D from the weighted fused temperature data, the accuracy of the oil temperature measurement inside the gearbox is improved, ensuring a system accuracy of ±0.5℃ within the range of -40℃ to 300℃, further guaranteeing the operational reliability of the gearbox.

[0072] In step S1, the analog signals of the thermal resistor 12 and the infrared thermopile 23 are denoised. Then, the denoised analog signals are converted from analog to digital to obtain data signals. Finally, the data signals are corrected to obtain thermal resistor temperature data A and infrared temperature data B.

[0073] Step S2 primarily involves analyzing the temperature changes of the resistance temperature sensor (RTS) data A and the infrared temperature data B, along with their temperature values ​​and logical relationships, to determine whether the RTS and infrared temperature sensors 1 and 2 are functioning correctly. If either sensor malfunctions, an alarm is triggered promptly to ensure timely repair or replacement of the temperature measuring device by operators. Specifically, step S2 includes:

[0074] S2.1 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change of the resistance temperature data A. A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B ;

[0075] S2.2 Calculate the temperature value T measured by the resistance temperature sensor 1. A The temperature value T was measured by infrared temperature sensor 2. B The absolute value of J;

[0076] S2.3 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change A and the slope of temperature change K B The absolute value of X;

[0077] When the temperature change slope K of the resistance temperature data A is... A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B All are located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差 Within the value range, the absolute value J of resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B is below 5%, and the slope of the temperature change is K. A and the slope of temperature change K B If the absolute value X is below 15%, proceed to steps S4-S6; otherwise, issue a temperature measuring device fault alarm. Specifically, when the temperature change slope K of the thermal resistance temperature data A... A Located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差 When the temperature data is outside the safe temperature range, the system sends a fault alarm for the temperature measuring device and simultaneously compares the infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor 2 with the safe temperature range Q. If the infrared temperature data B is within the safe temperature range Q, the gearbox temperature value is displayed to a computer, mobile phone, or display screen. If the infrared temperature data B is outside the safe temperature range Q, a temperature alarm is triggered. 系统固定值下差 K is the minimum reasonable value for the slope of the temperature change. 系统固定值上差 This represents the maximum reasonable value for the slope of the temperature change, and this range is derived from statistical analysis of experimental data.

[0078] The weights of the real-time temperature data A collected by the resistance temperature sensor 1 and the real-time infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor 2 are assigned based on the accuracy probability of the two temperature sensors during actual monitoring. According to actual production statistics, because the resistance temperature sensor 1 is in direct contact with the oil, its accuracy is higher. Therefore, the weight of the real-time temperature data A collected by the resistance temperature sensor 1 is generally 0.7, and the weight of the real-time infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor 2 is 0.3.

[0079] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gearbox temperature measuring device, comprising a resistance temperature sensor (1), wherein the resistance temperature sensor (1) comprises a resistance protection tube (11) and a resistance temperature resistor (12) disposed within the resistance protection tube (11), characterized in that: It also includes an infrared temperature sensor (2) and a magnetic sleeve (3), wherein the infrared temperature sensor (2) includes an infrared thermopile protection tube and an infrared thermopile (23); The infrared thermopile protection tube includes an upper tube section (21) and a lower tube section (22) coaxially adjacent to the lower end of the upper tube section (21). The outer diameter of the upper tube section (21) is larger than the outer diameter of the lower tube section (22), and the two tube cavities are connected. The lower tube section (22) is sealed and connected to the upper end of the resistance thermometer tube (11), and the two tube cavities are connected. The outer diameter of the lower tube section (22) is larger than the outer diameter of the resistance thermometer tube (11), and the inner diameter of the lower tube section (22) is larger than the inner diameter of the resistance thermometer tube (11). The infrared thermopile (23) is disposed inside the lower tube section (22) and located between the inner sidewall of the lower tube section (22) and the outer sidewall of the resistance thermometer tube (11). The photosensitive window of the infrared thermopile (23) is located at one end close to the resistance thermometer tube (11). Both the upper pipe section (21) and the lower pipe section (22) have external threaded sections on their outer sidewalls; the magnetic sleeve (3) has an internal threaded section on its inner sidewall; the upper pipe section (21) is coaxially arranged inside the magnetic sleeve (3) and the two are threadedly connected; the lower pipe section (22) extends out of the magnetic sleeve (3).

2. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal resistance protection tube (11) is a ceramic tube structure covering the outside of the thermal resistance (12), and the thermal resistance (12) is PT1000.

3. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thread on the outer wall of the lower pipe section (22) is a trapezoidal thread, and a copper threaded sealing gasket (24) is provided in the threaded groove of the outer wall of the lower pipe section (22).

4. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower pipe section (22) is provided with a transparent sealing ring plate (26) at one end away from the upper pipe section (21). The inner wall of the transparent sealing ring plate (26) is sealed to the outer wall of the thermal resistance protection tube (11), and the outer wall of the transparent sealing ring plate (26) is sealed to the inner wall of the lower pipe section (22). The infrared thermopile (23) is fixedly installed in the installation space enclosed by the transparent sealing ring plate (26) and the lower pipe section (22); the transparent sealing ring plate (26) is provided with a sapphire coating (25) on the side away from the upper pipe section (21).

5. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic sleeve (3) includes a steel sleeve (31) and a magnetic layer (32) disposed at one end of the steel sleeve (31). The magnetic layer (32) is made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet.

6. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steel sleeve (31) includes a steel sleeve body (311) and a magnetic ring plate (312) disposed at one end of the steel sleeve body (311), wherein the inner diameter of the magnetic ring plate (312) is smaller than the inner diameter of the steel sleeve body (311). The outer wall of the upper pipe section (21) is threaded to the inner wall of the steel sleeve body (311), and the lower pipe section (22) is located inside the magnetic ring plate (312) with a clearance fit between them; an elastic buffer pad (33) is provided between the upper pipe section (21) and the magnetic ring plate (312).

7. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: It also includes a resistance temperature detector (RTD) analog-to-digital converter (41), an infrared RTD analog-to-digital converter (42), a resistance temperature detector (RTD) microprocessor (51), and an infrared microprocessor (52) integrated within the infrared thermopile protection tube. The RTD analog-to-digital converter (41) is electrically connected to the RTD (12), and the RTD microprocessor (51) is electrically connected to the RTD analog-to-digital converter (41); the infrared analog-to-digital converter (42) is electrically connected to the infrared thermopile (23), and the infrared microprocessor (52) is electrically connected to the infrared analog-to-digital converter (42).

8. The gearbox temperature measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a processor (6), a controller (7) electrically connected to the processor (6), and an alarm device (8) electrically connected to the controller (7), wherein the thermal resistor microprocessor (51) and the infrared microprocessor (52) are respectively electrically connected to the processor (6).

9. A method for measuring temperature in a gearbox, characterized in that, Measuring the oil temperature inside a gearbox using the gearbox temperature measuring device as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: S1. The resistance temperature sensor (1) collects resistance temperature data A in real time, and the infrared temperature sensor (2) collects infrared temperature data B in real time. S2. Construct a logical operation model and use the model to perform logical operations on the thermal resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B in step S1 to obtain the logical operation result. Set a safe value range and determine whether the operation result is within the corresponding safe value range by comparing the logical operation result with the safe value range. When the calculation results are all within the corresponding safe value range, proceed to steps S4-S6. When any value in the calculation result is outside the corresponding safe range, a temperature measuring device fault alarm is issued. S3. Determine the weights of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B based on the current actual temperature range, and perform weighted fusion of the resistance temperature data A and the infrared temperature data B according to the determined weights to obtain the temperature fusion data C. S4. Process the temperature fusion data C in step S3 using the Kalman filter algorithm to obtain the final temperature value D; S5. Preset the safe temperature range Q of the gearbox, and determine whether the final temperature value D in step S4 is within the safe temperature range Q; if the final temperature value D is outside the safe temperature range Q, issue a gearbox temperature alarm.

10. The gearbox temperature measurement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S2.1 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change of the resistance temperature data A. A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B ; S2.2 Calculate the temperature value T measured by the resistance temperature sensor (1). A The temperature value T is measured by the infrared temperature sensor (2). B The absolute value of J; S2.3 Calculate the slope K of the temperature change A and the slope of temperature change K B The absolute value of X; When the temperature change slope K of the resistance temperature data A is... A The temperature change slope K of infrared temperature data B B All are located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差 Within the value range, the absolute value J of resistance temperature data A and infrared temperature data B is below 5%, and the slope of the temperature change is K. A and the slope of temperature change K B If the absolute value X is below 15%, proceed to steps S4-S6; otherwise, issue a temperature measuring device fault alarm. Among them, when the temperature change slope K of the resistance temperature data A is... A Located in [K 系统固定值下差 ,K 系统固定值上差 When the value is outside the safe temperature range, the system sends a fault alarm for the temperature measuring device and directly compares and analyzes the infrared temperature data B collected by the infrared temperature sensor (2) with the safe temperature range Q. If the infrared temperature data B is within the safe temperature range Q, the system terminal displays the gearbox temperature value; if the infrared temperature data B is outside the safe temperature range Q, a temperature alarm is triggered.

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