Sudoku mode vibroseis combined test device and analysis method

Abstract

The invention discloses a'sudoku 'mode vibroseis combined test device and an analysis method. The analysis method comprises the following steps: 1, placing and numbering nine vibroseis according to a'sudoku' mode; 2, seismic source combination design is carried out according to field acquisition requirements; 3, the vibroseis at each position vibrates for one time according to the designed scanning parameters, recording is not carried out, then the vibroseis at each position vibrates for one time, and a whole set of data is recorded; 4, performing excitation according to the scheme in the step 2, and collecting a whole set of data excited by the vibroseis combination; step 5, performing indoor combination and superposition on the data acquired in the step 3 according to the combination mode designed in the step 2, and performing comparative analysis on the data acquired in the step 4; and 6, performing comparative analysis on the collected whole set of data excited by the vibroseis combination. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, flexible application and various combination modes, and can obtain the vibroseis combination excitation parameters most suitable for the area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, specifically to a controllable seismic source combination testing device and analysis method using a "nine-square grid" method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, controlled-source seismic acquisition has gained increasing popularity in the field due to its advantages: controllable excitation frequency over a wide range; controllable and arbitrarily distributed excitation energy; precise phase control enabling multiple excitations to ensure synchronous superposition of excitation energy; flexible source combination capabilities, beneficial for suppressing background interference; high construction efficiency, less susceptible to changes in underground lithology or surface conditions; and safety and environmental friendliness, with minimal impact on the surrounding environment and vegetation. Therefore, controlled-source high-efficiency seismic acquisition in the field is increasingly being promoted and its application is becoming more widespread, with methods constantly being updated. However, using controlled-source excitation to stimulate interference development also requires combined suppression. There are many controlled-source combined excitation methods, most of which involve non-fixed source vehicles. As source combinations become necessary, the large size of the source vehicles and the constant modifications to the methods are time-consuming, and the excitation conditions are also altered to some extent.

[0003] Patent application number "CN201120150278.9" discloses a lightweight, small, controllable seismic source assembly device related to seismic exploration technology. It consists of at least two individual seismic source units fixed to a coupling plate, forming an independent unit. At least two excitation boxes are fixed to the upper surface of the coupling plate, and the excitation boxes are connected to a servo control group via a drive shaft. The servo control group includes a GPS module, a signal generator, a servo driver, and a three-phase servo asynchronous motor. Each component weighs no more than 30 kg, and the assembly is performed in stages. Multiple independent units constitute a small, controllable seismic source assembly. However, its design primarily focuses on hardware and cannot enable comparative analysis of combined excitations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a device and analysis method for controllable source combination excitation testing using a flexible "nine-square grid" method. Under the premise of fixed controllable sources, it can arbitrarily perform controllable source combinations with various areas (different directions, different combination base distances, different combination numbers, and different combination patterns).

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The controllable seismic source combination test device in the "nine-square grid" method is characterized by including nine controllable seismic sources arranged in a "nine-square grid" manner, and the nine controllable seismic sources are of the same model and have the same parameter settings.

[0007] Preferably, the total length of the "nine-square grid" in both the vertical and horizontal directions is greater than the wavelength of the ground-propagating interference wave.

[0008] Preferably, the vertical and horizontal spacing of the "nine-square grid" is greater than the length of the seismic source vehicle, and the spacing is the distance between two adjacent seismic source vehicles.

[0009] Preferably, the elevation difference of the "nine-square grid" ground is no greater than 2m.

[0010] The aforementioned analysis method for the "nine-square grid" controlled source combination test device is characterized by including the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Arrange the nine controllable seismic sources in a "nine-square grid" to form a "nine-square grid" pattern. The controllable seismic sources remain in the same position and are numbered.

[0012] Step 2: Design source combinations with the same number of stations but different orientations and different base distances, based on the needs of field data collection;

[0013] Step 3: The controllable seismic source at each location vibrates once according to the designed scanning parameters, without recording the data. The surface is compacted to eliminate the influence of surface coupling. Then, the controllable seismic source at each location vibrates once, and the complete set of data is recorded for a total of 9 shots.

[0014] Step 4: Perform excitation according to the scheme designed in Step 2, output the corresponding combined excitation file number, and collect the complete set of data for the combined excitation of the controllable source.

[0015] Step 5: Combine and overlay the data collected in Step 3 indoors according to the combination method designed in Step 2, and compare and analyze it with the data collected in Step 4 to compare the differences between the two different collection methods.

[0016] Step 6: Compare and analyze the complete set of data collected from controlled source combinations with different combinations of number of stations, base distance, and direction. Perform frequency division scanning, energy and signal-to-noise ratio analysis, and analyze the changes in the "black triangle" noise wave field. Analyze the effective ways in which controlled source excitation methods can suppress "black triangle" noise.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1, the controllable seismic sources are numbered from left to right, and the numbers are source 1, source 2, source 3, source 4, source 5, source 6, source 7, source 8, and source 9.

[0018] In step 2, based on the needs of field data acquisition, a source combination scheme with the same number of stations, different directions, and different combined base distances is designed. The combination diagram follows the principle of symmetry, and the specific design is as follows;

[0019] 2 units: 1-2, 1-4, 1-3, 1-7, 1-5, 1-9, 1-6, 1-8; a total of 8 guns;

[0020] 3 units: 1-2-3, 1-4-7, 1-5-9; a total of 3 guns;

[0021] 4 units: 1-2-5-4, 1-2-8-7, 1-3-6-4, 1-3-9-7; a total of 4 guns;

[0022] 5 units: 2-4-5-6-8, 1-3-5-7-9; 2 guns in total;

[0023] 6 units: 1-2-3-6-5-4, 1-4-7-8-5-2, 1-2-3-9-8-7; 3 guns in total;

[0024] 7 units: 1-2-3-5-7-8-9; 1 gun in total;

[0025] 8 units: 1-2-3-4-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total;

[0026] Nine units: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total.

[0027] More preferably, in step 3, the controllable source at each location vibrates once according to the designed scanning parameters, without recording. Then, the controllable source at each location vibrates once in numerical order, and the scanning parameters are all the designed scanning parameters. A total of 9 shots are recorded. The scanning parameters are: scan length 24s, drive amplitude 75%, number of scans 1, scan frequency 4-96Hz linear frequency increase, initial ramp 800ms, and final ramp 500ms.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, in step 4, combined excitation is performed according to the combined test design scheme. Except for the number of shaking tables, the other scanning parameters are the same as those in step 3, and the corresponding file number is output. After the excitation is completed, the complete set of data of the combined excitation of the controllable source is collected.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment, in step 5, the data collected in step 3 is combined and superimposed indoors according to the combination method designed in step 2. The superposition method adopts a vertical superposition method, and the data collected in step 4 with different combination methods is compared and analyzed to compare the effects of the two different excitation methods on improving data quality.

[0030] Further preferably, in step 6, a comparative analysis is performed on the complete set of data collected from controllable source combinations, considering different combinations of the number of stations, base distance, and direction. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are conducted, including frequency division scanning, energy analysis, signal-to-noise ratio analysis, and changes in the characteristics of the "black triangle" noise wave field. When analyzing the data, the selected time window size is consistent. For effective waves, the in-phase axis of the single shot with geological information is selected. For the analysis of "black triangle" noise, the change characteristics of the noise are analyzed. The suppression effect of the main interference wave types of "black triangle" noise is analyzed, and a favorable combination excitation mode is selected.

[0031] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] This invention proposes a superior solution for controlled source combination excitation using a "nine-square grid" method, addressing the problems existing in existing technologies. It is characterized by its simplicity and flexibility, providing optimal excitation parameters for controlled source seismic data acquisition. This invention is simple to operate, flexible in application, and offers diverse combination methods. By fully utilizing the nine-square grid layout, it can generate excitation tests for controlled sources with different combinations. This method allows for comparative analysis of field and indoor combinations, obtaining the most suitable controlled source combination excitation parameters for the region, and analyzing the impact of different combinations on the seismic wavefield. It is an effective testing method for determining excitation parameters during controlled source seismic data acquisition.

[0033] This invention enables the arbitrary combination of controllable seismic sources with various areas (different directions, different base distances, different numbers of sources, and different patterns) under the premise of a fixed controllable seismic source. Throughout the experiment, the seismic source remains stationary in the same location, and all data are recorded. The effective wave, "black triangle" noise wave field, and energy changes are compared, providing high-precision controllable seismic source excitation parameters for controlled-source seismic acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the analysis method for the "nine-square grid" controllable seismic source combination testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the placement of a controllable seismic source combination test device using a "nine-square grid" method.

[0036] Figure 3 Comparison of the original single guns of the 3-gun indoor combination (left image) and the field combination (right image);

[0037] Figure 4 The scan diagrams are 5-10Hz frequency division patterns for two units in one operation with different combinations.

[0038] Figure 5 Energy analysis diagram of two units in one different combination. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention. All changes or equivalent substitutions made based on the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example

[0041] This embodiment provides a controllable seismic source combination testing device and analysis method using a "nine-square grid" approach.

[0042] The device includes: controllable vibration sources arranged in a "nine-square grid" pattern, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the distance between seismic sources must be greater than the length of the seismic source vehicle, adjacent seismic sources must not interfere with each other, and the height difference of the combined seismic sources must not exceed 2m.

[0043] After the placement design was completed, the seismic sources were numbered from left to right. For the numbered sources within the "nine-square grid," a combined excitation test scheme was designed according to the principle of symmetry (same number of sources, different combination directions, different base distances). Finally, controlled source combined excitation tests were conducted according to the designed combination schemes. Each excitation had a corresponding file number, and a complete set of data from the controlled source combined excitation was collected. The complete set of data was compared and analyzed in the time and frequency domains to examine the changes in effective wave, "black triangle" noise wave field, energy, and frequency.

[0044] The following is a detailed analysis method for the controllable source combination test device using the aforementioned "nine-square grid" method, including the following steps: Figure 1 As shown:

[0045] Step 1: Arrange the nine Nomad65 Neo controllable seismic sources in a 3x3 grid, ensuring they remain in the same position. The horizontal and vertical distance between adjacent sources is 15 meters. Number the sources according to the principle of left-larger to right-smaller: Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5, Source 6, Source 7, Source 8, and Source 9. Figure 2 As shown.

[0046] Step 2: Design source combination schemes with the same number of stations, different directions, and different base distances according to the needs of field data collection. The combination principle requires symmetrical distribution. The specific design is as follows.

[0047] 2 units: 1-2, 1-4, 1-3, 1-7, 1-5, 1-9, 1-6, 1-8; a total of 8 guns;

[0048] 3 units: 1-2-3, 1-4-7, 1-5-9; a total of 3 guns;

[0049] 4 units: 1-2-5-4, 1-2-8-7, 1-3-6-4, 1-3-9-7; a total of 4 guns;

[0050] 5 units: 2-4-5-6-8, 1-3-5-7-9; 2 guns in total;

[0051] 6 units: 1-2-3-6-5-4, 1-4-7-8-5-2, 1-2-3-9-8-7; 3 guns in total;

[0052] 7 units: 1-2-3-5-7-8-9; 1 gun in total;

[0053] 8 units: 1-2-3-4-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total;

[0054] Nine units: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total.

[0055] Table 1: Design of Controllable Source Combination Scheme Using the "Nine-Grid" Method

[0056] Serial Number Earthquake source FFID 1 5 2 1-2 3 1-2-3 4 1-2-5-4 5 2-4-5-6-8 6 1-2-3-6-5-4 7 1-2-3-5-7-8-9 8 1-2-3-4-6-7-8-9 9 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9

[0057] *FFID is the combined firing file number, which represents the file number of each shot. It is unique and serves as the identifier for each shot's data.

[0058] Table 1 is a schematic diagram of the data record table for different combination schemes tested during field combination analysis. Serial number 1 represents the combined excitation of 9 seismic sources, 2 represents the combined excitation of 8 seismic sources, and so on. However, due to the large number of combination methods, not all combinations are listed. Only one combination method is listed for each combination from 9 to 1 sources for illustration.

[0059] Step 3: At each location, the controllable seismic source vibrates once according to the designed scanning parameters, without recording the data. This is to compact the surface and minimize the influence of surface coupling. Then, at each location, the controllable seismic source vibrates once in numerical order, using the designed scanning parameters. The scanning parameters for both vibrations are: scan length 24s, drive amplitude 75%, one scan, scan frequency 4-96Hz linear frequency ramp, initial ramp 800ms, and final ramp 500ms. A total of 9 shots are recorded.

[0060] Step 4: Perform source excitation according to the design and output the corresponding combined excitation file number. Collect a complete set of data for controlled source combined excitation. The fixed parameters used in this test are: scan length 24s, drive amplitude 75%, number of scans 1, scan frequency 4-96Hz linear frequency ramp, initial ramp 800ms, and final ramp 500ms.

[0061] Step 5: The data collected in Step 3 is then combined and overlaid indoors using the combination method designed in Step 2. The overlay method is vertical overlay, which means combining corresponding traces of seismic records from different sources with the same receiver arrangement into a single data set. This data is then compared and analyzed with the data collected in Step 4 using different combination methods to compare the effects of the two different excitation methods on improving data quality. Analysis suggests that, as... Figure 3 The field combination has a relatively better effect on suppressing interference and a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio.

[0062] Step 6 involves comparing and analyzing the complete set of data generated by the controlled source combinations with different combinations of the number of seismic stations, base distance, and orientation. Frequency division scanning, energy analysis, and changes in the "black triangle" noise wave field are performed. Analysis suggests that comparing different combinations with the same number of seismic stations demonstrates that increasing the inner distance of the controlled source group has a better suppression effect on low-frequency linear interference. Longitudinal combinations have a better suppression effect on linear interference, while transverse combinations have a certain suppression effect on central clutter interference. For example, using two seismic stations in a single sequence with different combinations... Figure 4 The image shows a 5-10Hz frequency division scan pattern; it has a good effect on suppressing the energy of the black triangle. Taking two units in one cycle with different combinations as an example, ... Figure 5 The image shows the energy analysis diagram of the black triangle. Figure 4 and Figure 5 L(1-X) on the X-axis represents the distance between source 1 and source X.

[0063] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the "nine-square grid" controlled seismic source combination testing device and analysis method of the present invention is simple in device and method, highly operable, and flexible in application. It is applicable to various ground surfaces with an elevation not exceeding two meters, as well as controlled seismic sources of various types and sizes. It can accurately obtain high-precision controlled seismic source excitation parameters, with high accuracy, meeting the requirements of seismic exploration technology.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. For different field conditions, the layout and testing methods are the same, but the conclusions drawn may differ due to variations in the actual situation. This analysis method can accurately obtain the controllable source excitation parameters suitable for the analysis area based on the specific data requirements. Step 6 is a common understanding; specific excitation parameters need to be analyzed on-site according to the actual situation. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0065] Except for the technical features described in the specification, all other technologies are known to those skilled in the art.

[0066] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without creative effort should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A controllable seismic source combination testing device using a "nine-square grid" method, characterized in that... This includes nine controllable seismic sources arranged in a "nine-square grid" pattern, all of which are of the same model and have identical parameter settings.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that... The total length of the "nine-square grid" in both the vertical and horizontal directions is greater than the wavelength of the interference wave propagating on the ground.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that... The vertical and horizontal spacing of the "nine-square grid" is greater than the length of the seismic source vehicle, and the spacing is the distance between two adjacent seismic source vehicles.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that... The elevation difference of the "nine-square grid" ground is no greater than 2m.

5. The analysis method of the controllable seismic source combination test device in the "nine-square grid" method as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Arrange the nine controllable seismic sources in a "nine-square grid" to form a "nine-square grid" pattern. The controllable seismic sources remain in the same position and are numbered. Step 2: Design source combinations with the same number of stations but different orientations and different base distances, based on the needs of field data collection; Step 3: The controllable seismic source at each location vibrates once according to the designed scanning parameters, without recording the data. The surface is compacted to eliminate the influence of surface coupling. Then, the controllable seismic source at each location vibrates once, and the complete set of data is recorded for a total of 9 shots. Step 4: Perform excitation according to the scheme designed in Step 2, output the corresponding combined excitation file number, and collect the complete set of data for the combined excitation of the controllable source. Step 5: Combine and overlay the data collected in Step 3 indoors according to the combination method designed in Step 2, and compare and analyze it with the data collected in Step 4 to compare the differences between the two different collection methods. Step 6: Compare and analyze the complete set of data collected from controlled source combinations with different combinations of number of stations, base distance, and direction. Perform frequency division scanning, energy and signal-to-noise ratio analysis, and analyze the changes in the "black triangle" noise wave field. Analyze the effective ways in which controlled source excitation methods can suppress "black triangle" noise.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that... In step 1, the controllable seismic sources are numbered from left to right, and are numbered as follows: source 1, source 2, source 3, source 4, source 5, source 6, source 7, source 8, and source 9. In step 2, based on the needs of field data acquisition, a source combination scheme with the same number of stations, different directions, and different combined base distances is designed. The combination diagram follows the principle of symmetry, and the specific design is as follows; 2 units: 1-2, 1-4, 1-3, 1-7, 1-5, 1-9, 1-6, 1-8; a total of 8 guns; 3 units: 1-2-3, 1-4-7, 1-5-9; a total of 3 guns; 4 units: 1-2-5-4, 1-2-8-7, 1-3-6-4, 1-3-9-7; a total of 4 guns; 5 units: 2-4-5-6-8, 1-3-5-7-9; 2 guns in total; 6 units: 1-2-3-6-5-4, 1-4-7-8-5-2, 1-2-3-9-8-7; 3 guns in total; 7 units: 1-2-3-5-7-8-9; 1 gun in total; 8 units: 1-2-3-4-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total; Nine units: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9; 1 cannon in total.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that... In step 3, the controllable source at each location vibrates once according to the designed scanning parameters, without recording. Then, the controllable source at each location vibrates once in numerical order, using the designed scanning parameters. A total of 9 shots are recorded. The scanning parameters are: scan length 24s, drive amplitude 75%, number of scans 1, scan frequency 4-96Hz linear frequency ramp, initial ramp 800ms, and final ramp 500ms.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that In step 4, combined excitation is performed according to the combined test design scheme. Except for the number of shaking tables, the other scanning parameters are the same as those in step 3, and the corresponding file number is output. After the excitation is completed, the complete set of data of the combined excitation of the controllable source is collected.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that... In step 5, the data collected in step 3 are combined and superimposed indoors according to the combination method designed in step 2. The superposition method is vertical superposition. The data collected in step 4 with different combination methods are compared and analyzed to compare the effects of the two different excitation methods on improving data quality.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that... In step 6, a comparative analysis is performed on the complete set of data collected from controlled source combinations, considering different combinations of the number of stations, base distance, and direction. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are conducted, including frequency division scanning, energy analysis, signal-to-noise ratio analysis, and changes in the characteristics of the "black triangle" noise wave field. When analyzing the data, the selected time window size is consistent. For effective waves, the in-phase axis of the single shot with geological information is selected. For the analysis of "black triangle" noise, the change characteristics of the noise are analyzed, and the suppression effect of the main interference wave types of "black triangle" noise is analyzed to select a favorable combination excitation mode.

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