Anti-aging power transformer

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-aging power transformer for power transmission and distribution, which is characterized by the following technical scheme: a micron honeycomb pit array is laser etched on the surface of a transformer body shell and a winding, a self-cleaning hydrophobic layer is formed, a nanometer piezoelectric material is embedded in the pit of the micron honeycomb pit array, and a micro-current is generated to actively disperse water film when rainwater impacts; a moisture-proof floating structure comprises a sliding assembly, a ship-shaped floating assembly which floats when encountering water, and a fire extinguishing assembly; the sliding assembly is connected with the ship-shaped floating assembly; the ship-shaped floating assembly is connected and can slide on the sliding assembly; a supporting assembly is arranged at the bottom of the transformer body and fixed on the ship-shaped floating assembly. When the basement is flooded, the water flow can be blocked from entering the transformer; if the flood is high in liquid level, the transformer can also float up with the ship-shaped floating assembly and will not be submerged, so that the normal use of the transformer is not affected, and the transformer also has an isolation effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of transformers, and particularly relates to an anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the "heart" of the power system, the safety and stability of the transformer are crucial. In order to cope with various potential electrical faults and abnormal operating states, the main transformer is equipped with various types of protection devices. The core purpose of these protections is to quickly and accurately remove faults, reduce the scope of the fault, maximize the protection of the transformer body safety, and ensure the stable operation of the power system. Common and key protections mainly include differential protection, gas protection, overcurrent protection, overload protection, temperature protection, and overexcitation protection, etc.

[0003] In temperature protection, the main purpose is to avoid high-temperature environments, such as installing the transformer in a cool place away from heat sources (such as other heat-generating equipment, direct sunlight); and forced environmental cooling, such as installing air conditioners, industrial exhaust fans, or ventilation ducts indoors to reduce the overall environmental temperature; however, existing transformers do not consider extreme environments, such as the underground transformer in a certain area causing power interruption to thousands of households due to repeated water immersion. Moreover, such extreme environments are often accompanied by a humid state, and the original transformer will release a relatively high amount of heat, which may accelerate the deterioration of the insulation material in the transformer, such as the insulation lock caused by the humid environment at the low-voltage side of the transformer.

[0004] Although some existing technologies have made moisture-proof treatment for transformers, some of the treatment directions are to seal the transformer, which reduces the heat dissipation performance of the transformer; some install electrically driven drying mechanisms around the transformer, and the electrically driven drying mechanism itself generates heat and has electromagnetic interference, which will interfere with the transformer and affect the operation of the transformer. The operation of the electrically driven drying mechanism will also increase the power.

[0005] Therefore, an improved technology is proposed. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer.

[0007] To achieve the foregoing purposes, the technical solution adopted by the present application comprises: an anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer, comprising a transformer body, a micron-level honeycomb-shaped pit array (similar to the surface structure of a lotus leaf) is laser etched on the surface of the transformer body shell and winding, so that the contact angle of water droplets is > 150°, forming a self-cleaning hydrophobic structure, and a nanometer-level piezoelectric material is embedded in the pits of the micron-level honeycomb-shaped pit array, which generates a micro-current to actively disperse the water film when rain hits.

[0008] The shell interlayer of the transformer body shell is filled with paraffin-graphene composite phase change material, which absorbs heat at high temperature and releases heat at low temperature

[0009] The solid-liquid phase change is enhanced by graphene, the heat conduction uniformity is enhanced, the phase change layer is coupled with the transformer oil circuit to form a heat coupling circulation, and the oil micro-flow is driven by temperature difference to assist heat dissipation;

[0010] The winding insulation layer of the transformer body is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer is a microcapsule-containing silicone rubber, the microcapsule encapsulates polysiloxane repair agent, and the inner layer is a carbon nanotube-doped conductive polymer; a micro interdigital electrode is implanted between the turns of the transformer body winding to monitor the local insulation resistance in real time; when the crack causes abnormal resistance, the carbon nanotube network triggers the microcapsule to release the repair agent;

[0011] The low-voltage side terminal of the transformer body is plated with an amorphous boron-carbon-nitrogen film, and the wide band gap characteristic inhibits ion conduction in a humid environment;

[0012] It also includes a moisture-proof floating structure, which includes a sliding assembly and a water-floating boat-shaped floating assembly, and a fire extinguishing assembly, the sliding assembly is connected with the boat-shaped floating assembly, the boat-shaped floating assembly is connected and can slide on the sliding assembly, the bottom of the transformer body is provided with a supporting assembly, and the supporting assembly is fixed on the boat-shaped floating assembly.

[0013] The fire extinguishing assembly is located in the boat-shaped floating assembly, and the fire extinguishing assembly includes a mixed storage tank integrated with compressed carbon dioxide and perfluorohexone and a capillary network, at least one end of the capillary network is communicated with the mixed storage tank, the other end is integrated on the transformer body, and a part of the transformer body is provided with a plurality of micropores, the micropores are filled with microcapsules made of a Fe-Ti wax-high density polyethylene composite material, and the microcapsules are filled with fire extinguishing agent.

[0014] In the present application, the surface of the transformer body shell and winding is laser etched with micron-sized honeycomb-shaped pit array to form a self-cleaning hydrophobic surface, which generates a micro-current to actively disperse the water film when impacted by rain, has the effects of moisture and water resistance, does not need an electrically driven drying mechanism, and does not affect the heat dissipation of the transformer body;

[0015] In the present application, the original base of the transformer body is designed into a moisture-proof floating structure, so that when the basement is flooded, the water flow can be blocked from entering the transformer, and if the flood is high in liquid level, the transformer can also float up with the boat-shaped floating assembly and will not be submerged, which does not affect the normal use of the transformer, and also has the effect of isolation to isolate the ground moisture from evaporating onto the transformer.

[0016] Further, a plurality of ceramic blocks are arranged in the boat-shaped floating assembly, the ceramic blocks are stacked on the mixed storage tank, and a temperature-sensitive material is printed on the outer surface of the ceramic blocks to change color when heated.

[0017] Further, the boat-shaped floating assembly is composed of a boat-shaped floating body composed of a floating plate composed of a pressure-resistant shell and closed-cell aluminum foam filled in the pressure-resistant shell.

[0018] Further, the sliding assembly includes a pulley set and a track set, the pulley set is provided with two sets, respectively installed on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly, the track set is provided with two sets, respectively located on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly, the pulley set is in sliding connection with the corresponding track set, in order to improve the stability of the transformer, the pulley set can also be arranged on the transformer with appropriate space.

[0019] Further, the pulley set is in sliding connection with the track set.

[0020] Further, the winding insulation layer of the transformer body is first immersed and coated with silicone rubber containing 1wt% urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules, the capsule diameter is 5-10μm, and then a polyaniline-epoxy resin composite layer containing 0.3wt% carbon nanotubes is coated again, a microelectrode is implanted at the first and last ends of each phase of the low-voltage winding of the transformer body, and is connected with an electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, in the electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, by applying an alternating current signal to the system to be measured, the current response and voltage change of the system can be measured, the impedance spectrum of the material or electrochemical system can be obtained, and online diagnosis can be performed; the insulation material itself is converted into a sensor, the change in the intrinsic electrical behavior of the nanocomposite directly reflects the microstructure damage, and compared with an externally attached sensor (such as an FBG optical fiber), the spatial resolution and durability are better.

[0021] Further, the mass ratio of paraffin to graphene in the paraffin-high density polyethylene composite is 1:9, vacuum melting mixing is adopted, and the composite is injected into the interlayer of the shell.

[0022] Further, the winding insulation outer layer of the transformer body specifically includes: carbon nanotubes (CNT) are doped into an insulation polymer matrix at a concentration of 0.3-0.5wt%, forming a three-dimensional conductive network, the CNT network provides a constant tunnel current path, and the resistance is stabilized in the range of - Ω, cracks or moisture in the insulation material cause the CNT spacing to increase → partial conductive path breaks → resistance steps up, a micro-interdigital electrode with a width of 50μm and a spacing of 100μm is implanted between the turns of the winding, the electrode material is Ag-Pd alloy, and the area of each monitoring unit is set to 1cm 2 , time division multiplexing technology is adopted to cover the whole winding.

[0023] Further, the micropores are filled with microcapsules made of a Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene composite material, where the mass ratio of Fischer-Tropsch wax to high-density polyethylene is 3:7, the maximum allowable temperature of the oil-immersed transformer (class A insulation) is 105-130°C, and the microcapsules are self-ignited when the temperature exceeds 130°C. The paraffin wax and HDPE particles are mixed at a temperature of 140-160°C, and a coupling agent (such as maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene) is added to improve compatibility. The formed microcapsules can melt at a temperature of 105-130°C, thereby releasing the fire extinguishing agent and then opening the capillary tube to release the fire extinguishing gas.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application include:

[0025] (1) The anti-aging power distribution transformer provided by the present application has a waterproof mode. When rainwater contacts the shell, a spherical shape is formed due to the super-hydrophobic effect, and a <1V voltage is generated by the ZnO piezoelectric effect to assist in repelling water droplets.

[0026] (2) The anti-aging power distribution transformer provided by the present application can be thermally managed and circulated. When the environmental temperature exceeds a threshold value, the phase change material absorbs heat and melts, and the heat pipe conducts the heat of the oil to the top heat dissipation fins. When the temperature decreases at night, the phase change material solidifies and releases latent heat, thereby maintaining the internal temperature stable.

[0027] (3) The anti-aging power distribution transformer provided by the present application has a boat-shaped floating assembly for supporting the transformer body. The transformer cooperates with the sliding assembly and the boat-shaped floating assembly to block the flow of water into the transformer when there is liquid around. If the water is high in liquid level, the transformer can also float with the boat-shaped floating assembly to increase the position and will not be submerged, thereby reducing the damage to the transformer. Meanwhile, the boat-shaped floating assembly also has an isolation effect, which isolates the evaporation of ground moisture to the transformer and also serves as a container when the transformer leaks oil. The internal fire extinguishing assembly can also play a role in extinguishing fire when the transformer catches fire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating laborious work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a whole schematic diagram of the anti-aging power distribution transformer in the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the micrometer-level honeycomb-shaped pit array of the anti-aging power distribution transformer in the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-aging transformer winding insulation layer for power transmission and distribution according to the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a capillary network partial structure of an anti-aging transformer for power transmission and distribution according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a ceramic block of an anti-aging transformer for power transmission and distribution according to the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a mixed storage tank of an anti-aging transformer for power transmission and distribution according to the present application.

[0035] Reference signs:

[0036] 11, transformer body; 12, micron-sized honeycomb pit array; 13, nanometer-sized piezoelectric material; 14, winding insulation layer; 15, moisture-proof floating structure; 16, boat-shaped floating assembly; 17, fire extinguishing assembly; 18, mixed storage tank; 19, capillary network; 21, micropore; 22, microcapsule; 23, ceramic block; 24, pulley set; 25, track set; 26, support set.

[0037] 27, silicone rubber; 28, conductive polymer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present inventors have long studied and practiced to come up with the technical solution of the present application. The technical solution, its implementation process and principles will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation cases in the embodiments of the present application.

[0039] It should be noted that the embodiments described below by reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, the present application covers any alternative, modification, equivalent method and solution defined by the claims, and all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the present application, "first", "second", "third" and similar words do not represent any order, number or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "one" or "a" and similar words do not represent a number limit, but represent the existence of at least one. "Include" or "contain" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "contain" cover the elements or objects listed after "include" or "contain" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Connected" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connection, but can include electrical connection, whether direct or indirect.

[0041] In the description of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, when using two sides, outer side, up and down and other positional terms, it should be understood that they are only used for easy understanding and description, considering that the structure can be facing other positions.

[0042] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms or scientific terms used should be understood as the general meaning of the person skilled in the art in the field to which the present application belongs, and the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, it can also be detachable connection, it can also be abutting connection or integral connection; For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] The embodiment of the present application aims to introduce and explain the structure and the cooperation relationship between the components of the anti-aging power distribution transformer. Unless otherwise specified, the size, material and manufacturing process of each component in the anti-aging power distribution transformer in the embodiment of the present application can be selected according to the specific circumstances, and no special limitation and description is made here.

[0044] Further, in order for the public to have a better understanding of the present application, in the following detailed description of the present application, some specific details are described in detail. The present application can also be completely understood without the description of these details by those skilled in the art.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please refer to Figures 1-6An anti-aging power transformer for power transmission and distribution, comprising a transformer body 11, the components of the transformer body 11 including the body (core, winding, insulation, lead), transformer oil, oil tank and cooling device, voltage regulating device, protection device (moisture absorber, safety airway, gas relay, oil storage tank and temperature measuring device, etc.) and outlet bushing; a micron-level honeycomb-shaped pit array 12 is laser etched on the surface of the transformer body 11 shell and winding (a femtosecond laser is used to engrave a hexagonal pit array (honeycomb-shaped distribution) with a diameter of 20 μm and a depth of 50 μm on the surface, similar to the structure of a lotus leaf surface), so that the contact angle of water droplets is > 150°, forming a self-cleaning hydrophobic layer, and a nanoscale piezoelectric material 13 (such as ZnO) is embedded in the pits of the micron-level honeycomb-shaped pit array 12, ZnO nanorod arrays are grown in the pits by atomic layer deposition (ALD), a perfluorosilane solution is sprayed to form a monomolecular hydrophobic layer, and is annealed and solidified at 120°C, generating a micro-current to actively disperse the water film when it is impacted by rain;

[0047] A paraffin-graphene composite phase change material is filled in the shell interlayer of the transformer body 11 shell, accounting for 70% of the space in the shell interlayer, and the remaining 30% of the space is used for volume expansion of the paraffin-graphene composite phase change material, which absorbs heat and undergoes solid-liquid phase change at high temperature, and graphene enhances the uniformity of heat conduction, the phase change layer and the transformer oil circuit form a thermal coupling circulation, and the oil micro-flow is driven by temperature difference to assist heat dissipation, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the original transformer; further, the mass ratio of paraffin to graphene in the paraffin-high-density polyethylene composite material is 1:9, vacuum melting mixing is adopted, and the shell interlayer is injected.

[0048] The winding insulation layer 14 of the transformer body 11 has two layers, the outer layer is a silicone rubber 27 containing microcapsules 22, and the microcapsules 22 encapsulate polysiloxane repair agent, and the inner layer is a carbon nanotube-doped conductive polymer, a micro interdigital electrode is implanted between the turns of the winding of the transformer body 11, the local insulation resistance is monitored in real time, when the crack causes abnormal resistance, the carbon nanotube network triggers the microcapsules 22 to break and release the repair agent, thereby improving the service life of the winding insulation layer 14 and having high anti-aging performance.

[0049] The low-voltage side terminal of the transformer body 11 is plated with an amorphous boron-carbon-nitrogen film, which has a wide band gap characteristic to inhibit ion conduction in a humid environment, and a Pt resistance wire can be embedded in the low-voltage terminal and connected to a capacitor discharge type pulse power supply to realize an energy storage-instantaneous release mode. Only when the film is mechanically damaged (such as a scratch depth > 200 nm), the ion conduction will significantly increase, at which time the self-repairing insulation layer can provide secondary protection, and the moisture-proof function is realized by the intrinsic characteristics of the material rather than external packaging, thereby providing an innovative solution for long-term stable operation of the transformer in extreme environments.

[0050] Further comprising a moisture-proof floating structure 15, the moisture-proof floating structure 15 comprises a sliding assembly and a ship-shaped floating assembly 16 floating in water and a fire extinguishing assembly 17, the ship-shaped floating assembly 16 is connected with the sliding assembly and can slide on the sliding assembly, the bottom of the transformer body 11 is provided with a supporting assembly 26, the supporting assembly 26 is fixed on the ship-shaped floating assembly 16, the moisture-proof floating structure 15 further improves the moisture-proof performance of the transformer, has the fireproof performance and can improve the height of the transformer in the water-inlet state, far away from the water source, and has the moisture-proof and water-proof functions.

[0051] The fire extinguishing assembly 17 is located in the ship-shaped floating assembly 16, the fire extinguishing assembly 17 comprises a mixed storage tank 18 integrating compressed carbon dioxide and perfluorohexone and a capillary tube network 19, at least one end of the capillary tube network 19 is communicated with the mixed storage tank 18, the other end is integrated on the heat dissipation fin and the transformer body 11, the capillary tube network 19 is a network formed by a plurality of pipes, the spaces of the pipes are communicated with each other, in order to facilitate the placement of the ceramic block 23 below, except the part connected with the mixed storage tank 18, the other part of the capillary tube network 19 is arranged from the side of the ship-shaped floating assembly 16 to the outer surface of the shell of the transformer body 11; the part of the capillary tube network 19 integrated on the heat dissipation fin and the transformer body 11 is provided with a plurality of micropores 21, the micropores 21 are filled with microcapsules 22 made of Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene composite material, the microcapsules 22 are filled with fire extinguishing agent, the microcapsules 22 composed of Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene will melt at a certain temperature, when the temperature of the transformer is relatively high and fire occurs, the gas in the mixed storage tank 18 communicated with the other end of the capillary tube network 19 is released, so as to extinguish or delay the fire on the transformer; preferably, the mixed storage tank 18 and the capillary tube network 19 can also be provided with a plurality of groups, the capillary tube network 19 is installed in different areas of the transformer, when the temperature of one area is too high, a corresponding mixed storage tank 18 is driven to release carbon dioxide and perfluorohexone to extinguish the fire.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] Different from embodiment 1, in the present application, a plurality of ceramic blocks 23 are further arranged in the ship-shaped floating assembly 16, the ceramic blocks 23 are stacked on the mixed storage tank 18, the ceramic blocks 23 are printed with temperature-sensitive material which changes color when heated, the oil liquid is long-term immersed in the winding, the temperature is relatively high, when leakage occurs, the oil liquid will fall on the ceramic blocks 23, at this time, the ceramic blocks 23 are preheated and changed in temperature, so as to remind the personnel to overhaul, if the temperature is relatively low, the ceramic blocks 23 cannot be changed in temperature, and the oil liquid falling on the ceramic blocks 23 is easy to be observed, the ceramic blocks 23 also have the function of storing the leaked oil liquid, and further enhance the function of the ship-shaped floating assembly 16 in isolating underground water vapor.

[0054] The boat-shaped floating assembly 16 is composed of a boat-shaped floating body formed by floating plates, and the floating plates are composed of a pressure-resistant shell and closed-cell aluminum foam filled in the pressure-resistant shell. The closed-cell aluminum foam mainly realizes sound insulation, heat insulation, energy absorption and other functions through its unique honeycomb structure, and also serves as a whole to make the whole relatively light and easy to float.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Different from example 1, in the present application, the sliding assembly includes a pulley set 24 and a track set 25, the pulley set 24 is provided with two sets, respectively installed on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly 16, the track set 25 is provided with two sets, divided into two sets located on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly 16, the pulley set 24 is in sliding connection with the corresponding track set 25, in order to improve the stability of the transformer, the pulley set 24 can also be arranged in the appropriate empty position of the transformer body 11 and in sliding connection with the track set 25, the transformer body 11 and the boat-shaped floating assembly 16 can both slide up and down; the sliding assembly is installed at the place where the heat dissipation fins are not arranged on both sides of the transformer body 11, which can fix the position of the transformer body 11 and make it fixed at a position, and when the boat-shaped floating assembly 16 floats up, the transformer moves upward in the track set 25 through the pulley set 24.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] Different from example 1, in the present application, the winding insulation layer 14 of the transformer body 11 is first immersed and coated with silicone rubber 27 containing 1wt% urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsule 22, and the capsule diameter is 5-10μm, and then coated with a polyaniline-epoxy resin composite layer doped with 0.3wt% carbon nanotubes, a micro electrode is implanted at the first and last ends of each phase of the low-voltage winding of the transformer body 11, and is connected with an electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, the micro electrode (working electrode / reference electrode) adopts a floating ground design, the common-mode voltage is eliminated through a differential amplifier to avoid interference of the micro electrode signal in a strong electromagnetic environment; in the electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, by applying an alternating current signal to the system to be measured, the current response and voltage change of the system can be measured, and the impedance spectrum of the material or electrochemical system can be obtained for online diagnosis; the silicone rubber 27 containing urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsule 22. After the microcapsule 22 breaks, a repair agent (such as siloxane) is released to repair insulation cracks, carbon nanotubes form a conductive network, and polyaniline provides electrochemical activity, so that the coating has insulation monitoring and corrosion prevention functions, an electrode (such as Ag / AgCl) is implanted at the first and last ends of the low-voltage winding and directly contacts the coating to form a three-electrode system (working electrode, reference electrode, counter electrode). A small amplitude alternating voltage (10mV-100mV, frequency range 0.1Hz-100kHz) is applied to avoid damaging the coating.

[0059] The current response and phase difference are measured, and the complex impedance (Z=Z'+jZ") is obtained by Fourier transform

[0060] Impedance spectrum feature extraction:

[0061] High frequency region (>1 kHz): reflects the dielectric properties of the coating (carbon nanotube network response).

[0062] Medium frequency region (1 Hz - 1 kHz): corresponds to the charge transfer at the coating / electrode interface (polyaniline redox activity).

[0063] Low frequency region (<1 Hz): relates to deep defects in the insulating layer (microcapsule 22 rupture or moisture penetration).

[0064] Online diagnostic algorithm:

[0065] Establish an equivalent circuit to fit the EIS data: R_s (solution resistance) - [R_ct (charge transfer resistance) ∥ CPE (coating capacitance)] - [R_d (diffusion resistance) ∥ W (Warburg impedance)]

[0066] Increase in R_ct: indicates coating aging (increased crosslinking), decrease in CPE index n: reflects interface heterogeneity (microcapsule 22 rupture or delamination).

[0067] Machine learning assistance, train LSTM network to learn the mapping relationship between historical EIS data and insulation state; real-time detection of impedance spectrum distortion (such as low-frequency capacitive arc expansion) to warn of partial discharge.

[0068] When EIS detects a sudden drop in R_ct (crack-induced ion penetration), activate microcapsules 22 for repair through local heating of the winding (50-60°C).

[0069] After repair, the impedance spectrum should return to baseline (e.g., CPE value rises by more than 20%).

[0070] System integration: embedded EIS analyzer (such as AD5940 chip) integrated into transformer monitoring terminal. Edge computing node runs equivalent circuit fitting and fault classification (such as SVM to distinguish thermal aging from electrical treeing).

[0071] Convert the insulating material itself into a sensor, directly reflect the microstructure damage through the intrinsic electrical behavior change of the nanocomposite material, which has better spatial resolution and durability than external sensors (such as FBG optical fiber).

[0072] This embodiment has high sensitivity: carbon nanotubes amplify the change in coating conductance by 3-10 times, allowing detection of 0.1% insulation degradation.

[0073] Anti-interference: multi-band analysis eliminates the effects of temperature fluctuations.

[0074] Predictive maintenance: based on EIS time-varying model to predict the remaining life (such as R_ct year growth of 5% indicates that maintenance is needed after 5 years).

[0075] Through the above method, the system can realize early warning of sub-millimeter insulation defects, and compared with traditional offline withstand voltage test, the fault identification time is advanced.

[0076] Embodiment 5

[0077] The difference between the present application and embodiment 4 is that the winding insulation outer layer of the transformer body 11 specifically comprises: carbon nanotubes (CNT) are doped into the insulation polymer matrix at a concentration of 0.3-0.5wt%, forming a three-dimensional conductive network, the CNT network provides a constant tunnel current path, and the resistance is stabilized in the range of 〖10〗^4-〖10〗^6Ω, and the increase of CNT spacing caused by insulation material cracks or moisture → partial conductive path fracture → resistance step-up, micro interdigital electrodes with a width of 50μm and a pitch of 100μm are implanted between the turns of the winding, the electrode material is Ag-Pd alloy, and the area of each monitoring unit is set to 1cm 2 , and time division multiplexing technology is used to cover the whole winding.

[0078] Embodiment 6

[0079] The difference between the present application and embodiment 1 is that the micropores 21 are filled with microcapsules 22 made of a Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene composite material, wherein the mass ratio of Fischer-Tropsch wax to high-density polyethylene is 3:7, and the maximum allowable temperature of the oil-immersed transformer (class A insulation) is 105-130℃, and if it exceeds, it will spontaneously combust, the paraffin and HDPE particles are mixed at 140-160℃, and a coupling agent (such as maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene) is added to improve compatibility, and the formed microcapsules 22 can melt at 105-130℃, thereby releasing the fire extinguishing agent and then unblocking the capillary website, and releasing the fire extinguishing gas. Working principle:

[0080] The transformer works cooperatively through multi-level functional materials and response mechanisms to realize the effects of anti-aging, self-repairing, moisture-proofing and fire-proofing:

[0081] In this way, ZnO piezoelectric effect, carbon nanotube conductive network, microcapsule self-repairing and other multifunctional materials are integrated, and the hydrophobic surface and phase change interlayer design take into account protection and heat dissipation, and through EIS, the insulation material is converted into a sensor to realize the integration of "material-structure-monitoring", which has significant advantages in extreme environment adaptability (such as floods, high humidity, high temperature) and predictive maintenance, and meets the high-level requirements of smart grid for equipment reliability.

[0082] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present application is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary skilled in the art to which the present application belongs, without departing from the concept of the present application, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made, and any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer, comprising a transformer body, characterized in that: A micron-sized honeycomb pit array is laser-etched on the surface of the transformer body shell and windings to form a self-cleaning hydrophobic structure. Nano-sized piezoelectric materials are embedded in the pits of the micron-sized honeycomb pit array to generate microcurrents to actively disperse the water film when rainwater impacts. The outer shell interlayer of the transformer body is filled with a paraffin-graphene composite phase change material, which absorbs heat at high temperatures; The transformer body has two winding insulation layers: an outer layer of silicone rubber containing microcapsules, in which polysiloxane repair agent is encapsulated; and an inner layer of conductive polymer doped with carbon nanotubes. Micro interdigitated electrodes are implanted between the winding turns of the transformer body to monitor local insulation resistance in real time. The low-voltage side terminals of the transformer body are plated with an amorphous boron carbon nitride film, whose wide bandgap characteristics suppress ionic conductivity in humid environments. It also includes a moisture-proof floating structure, which includes a sliding component, a boat-shaped floating component that floats when wet, and a fire extinguishing component. The sliding component is connected to the boat-shaped floating component, and the boat-shaped floating component is able to slide on the sliding component. The bottom of the transformer body is provided with a support component, which is fixed on the boat-shaped floating component. The fire extinguishing component is located inside the ship-shaped floating component. The fire extinguishing component includes an internally integrated mixed storage tank of compressed carbon dioxide and perfluorohexanone and a capillary network. At least one end of the capillary network is connected to the mixed storage tank, and the other end is integrated on the heat dissipation fins and the transformer body. The portion integrated on the heat dissipation fins and the transformer body has several micropores. The micropores are filled with microcapsules made of Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene composite material, and the microcapsules are filled with fire extinguishing agent. The ship-shaped floating assembly also contains several ceramic blocks, which are stacked on the mixing tank. The ceramic blocks are printed with a temperature-sensitive material that changes color when heated.

2. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hull-shaped floating assembly is a hull-shaped floating body composed of float plates, which are composed of a pressure hull and closed-cell aluminum foam filled in the middle of the pressure hull.

3. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly includes a pulley group and a track group. There are two pulley groups, which are respectively installed on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly. There are two track groups, which are located on both sides of the boat-shaped floating assembly. The pulley groups and the corresponding track groups are slidably connected.

4. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winding insulation layer of the transformer body is first impregnated with silicone rubber containing 1wt% urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules with a capsule diameter of 5-10μm, and then coated again with a polyaniline-epoxy resin composite layer doped with 0.3wt% carbon nanotubes. Microelectrodes are implanted at the first end of each phase of the low-voltage winding of the transformer body and connected to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.

5. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paraffin-graphene mass ratio in the paraffin-high-density polyethylene composite material is 1:9, and it is vacuum melt-mixed and injected into the outer shell interlayer.

6. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the transformer body's winding insulation specifically includes: carbon nanotubes doped into the insulating polymer matrix at a concentration of 0.3-0.5 wt% to form a three-dimensional conductive network; and micro interdigitated electrodes with a width of 50 μm and a spacing of 100 μm implanted between the winding turns. The electrode material is Ag-Pd alloy, and the area of ​​each monitoring unit is set to 1 cm². 2 The entire winding is covered by time-division multiplexing technology.

7. The anti-aging power transmission and distribution transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micropores are filled with microcapsules made of Fischer-Tropsch wax-high-density polyethylene composite material, wherein the mass ratio of Fischer-Tropsch wax to high-density polyethylene is 3:7.

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