Ridge waveguide, waveguide power divider and waveguide antenna

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a ridge waveguide, a waveguide power divider and a waveguide antenna. The ridge waveguide comprises a waveguide body, a waveguide cavity is formed in the waveguide body, a ridge part is arranged on one cavity wall of the waveguide cavity in a protruding mode or ridge parts are arranged on the two opposite cavity walls of the waveguide cavity in a protruding mode, and a groove is formed in the ridge part in the side, away from the cavity wall where the ridge part is located, of the ridge part. Opposite arc-shaped grooves are formed in groove openings of the groove walls of the two opposite sides of the groove. According to the ridge waveguide, waveguide transmission performance can be improved, and the size of a waveguide port is reduced. According to the waveguide power divider and the waveguide antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the miniaturization of a feed network can be realized, and the low sidelobe of a directional diagram is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to a ridge waveguide, a waveguide power divider and a waveguide antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of autonomous driving technology, higher requirements are being placed on the detection range and accuracy of millimeter-wave radar. Traditional microstrip antenna solutions (patch & comb) have high transmission line loss, large antenna size, and problems such as element coupling; while waveguide antennas can significantly improve the performance of millimeter-wave radar. Waveguide antennas confine electromagnetic waves in a metallic waveguide structure, greatly reducing energy loss during transmission. In addition, the waveguide feed network can be arranged in three dimensions, effectively reducing the horizontal size of the antenna, and the metallic waveguide structure effectively improves the isolation of each element and reduces the coupling effect between channels.

[0003] Waveguide antennas are divided into waveguide cavity antennas and waveguide slot antennas. Waveguide slot antennas are mostly series-fed structures, with narrow bandwidth that is difficult to meet broadband requirements. Therefore, current millimeter-wave radar designs mostly use waveguide cavity antennas. Waveguide cavities can be further divided into rectangular waveguides and ridge waveguides according to their structural shape. Ridge waveguides are formed by modifying rectangular waveguides. Therefore, the electromagnetic field structure and transmission characteristics transmitted in ridge waveguides are similar to those of rectangular waveguides. However, the distribution of the electromagnetic field is disturbed to some extent near the raised ridge due to edge effects.

[0004] Currently, waveguide antennas commonly use rectangular waveguides, single-sided ridge waveguides, or... Figure 1 The rectangular double-ridged waveguide shown has a relatively large waveguide aperture. H-waveguide power dividers are commonly used to form the feed network, ensuring phase consistency across all output ports. However, compared to E-waveguide power dividers, the antenna size is larger. While some antennas have addressed the reverse output port issue of E-waveguide power dividers, antennas using E-waveguide power dividers, although smaller in size, cannot achieve low sidelobes in the radiation pattern. Conversely, some antennas using E-waveguide power divider feed networks achieve low sidelobes in the radiation pattern, but this increases the overall antenna size, resulting in a trade-off between achieving low sidelobes and miniaturized feed networks. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the waveguide and antenna design to address the issue of antennas not being able to simultaneously achieve optimal output port phase, size, and low sidelobes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of this application provide a ridge waveguide that can improve waveguide transmission performance while reducing waveguide aperture size; and a waveguide power divider and waveguide antenna for miniaturizing the feed grid and achieving low sidelobe performance in the radiation pattern.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application embodiment is: a ridge waveguide, including a waveguide body, a waveguide cavity provided inside the waveguide body, a ridge protruding on one of the cavity walls of the waveguide cavity or ridges protruding on both opposite cavity walls of the waveguide cavity, a groove being formed in the ridge on the side away from the cavity wall where it is located, and opposite arc-shaped grooves being provided at the groove openings of the opposite two side groove walls of the groove.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the cross-section of the ridge is rectangular; and / or

[0008] The groove on the ridge has a rectangular cross-section.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the waveguide cavity has a rectangular cross-section, so that the waveguide cavity has two first cavity walls corresponding to the two short sides of its cross-section and two second cavity walls corresponding to the two long sides of its cross-section, and the two first cavity walls are respectively provided with opposing ridges.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the ridges on the two first cavity walls are symmetrical about a first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; the grooves on the two ridges are symmetrical about a first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; the arcuate grooves on the two grooves are symmetrical about a first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; and the two arcuate grooves on the same groove are symmetrical about a second longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; wherein

[0011] The first longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity and is perpendicular to the second cavity wall, and the second longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity and is perpendicular to the first cavity wall.

[0012] A waveguide power divider includes: a first waveguide, wherein a first end of the first waveguide forms the input port of the waveguide power divider;

[0013] Two second waveguides are provided, with the first ends of the two second waveguides respectively connected to the second ends of the first waveguide, so that the two second waveguides and the first waveguide together form a T-shape.

[0014] Two third waveguides are provided, with their first ends connected to the second ends of two second waveguides respectively. The second ends of the two third waveguides respectively form the output ports of the waveguide power divider, and the two output ports face the same direction.

[0015] The first waveguide, the second waveguide, and the third waveguide all adopt the ridge waveguide in any of the above embodiments.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, ridges are provided on the two opposite first cavity walls of the waveguide cavities of the first, second, and third waveguides to form a first double-ridged E-waveguide, a second double-ridged E-waveguide, and a third double-ridged E-waveguide, respectively; and / or

[0017] The cross-sections of the grooves on the ridges of the first double-ridge E-waveguide, the two grooves on the ridges of the second double-ridge E-waveguide, and the two grooves on the ridges of the third double-ridge E-waveguide are all rectangular.

[0018] The first longitudinal section of the groove on the ridge of the first double-ridged E-waveguide and the first longitudinal section of the groove on the ridge of the two second double-ridged E-waveguides are both rectangular.

[0019] The first longitudinal section of the grooves in the ridges of the two third double-ridged E-waveguides gradually increases from their respective first ends to their second ends to form an flared shape;

[0020] The first longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide and is parallel to the first cavity wall.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the waveguide power divider further includes an arc-shaped branch waveguide, which adopts the ridge waveguide in any of the above embodiments, and the waveguide cavity and ridge of the arc-shaped branch waveguide are arc-shaped with the same bending direction and curvature; the second end of the second waveguide and the first end of the third waveguide are connected through the arc-shaped branch waveguide.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the grooves on the ridges of the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the third waveguide, and the arc-shaped branch waveguide are all of the same depth;

[0023] The width of the groove on the ridge of the second waveguide is the same as the width of the groove on the ridge of the arc-shaped branch waveguide, and both are smaller than the width of the groove on the ridge of the first waveguide.

[0024] The width of the first end of the groove on the ridge of the third double-ridge E-waveguide is equal to the width of the groove on the ridge of the second double-ridge E-waveguide, and the width of the second end of the groove on the ridge of the third double-ridge E-waveguide is equal to the width of the groove on the ridge of the first double-ridge E-waveguide.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the second ends of the two third waveguides are respectively connected to the matching fourth waveguides, the cross-section of the grooves on the ridges of the two fourth waveguides is rectangular, and the ends of the two fourth waveguides respectively form the output ports of the waveguide power divider.

[0026] A waveguide antenna includes: a first waveguide power divider, which employs the waveguide power divider in any of the above embodiments; the input port of the first waveguide power divider forms the excitation port of the waveguide antenna, and the energy of the excitation port is divided into two equal-amplitude and in-phase components after passing through the first waveguide power divider;

[0027] Two second waveguide power dividers are respectively located at the second ends of the two third waveguides of the first waveguide power divider, and are used to further divide the two equal-amplitude and in-phase energy divided by the first waveguide power divider into two parts, which are then radiated outward from the four waveguide radiation ports respectively.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, the second waveguide power divider includes a fifth waveguide, a first stub, and a second stub; a first end of the fifth waveguide is connected to a second end of the third waveguide; a first end of the first stub is connected to a first side of the ridge of the second end of the fifth waveguide, and a first transmission cavity is formed between the first stub and the waveguide body of the fifth waveguide; a first end of the second stub is connected to a second side of the ridge of the second end of the fifth waveguide, and a second transmission cavity is formed between the second stub and the waveguide body of the fifth waveguide, wherein the first transmission cavity and the second transmission cavity are respectively connected to different waveguide radiation ports.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: by optimizing the structure of the ridge waveguide, the embodiments of this application can improve the waveguide transmission performance and reduce the waveguide aperture size; solve the reverse output port problem of the waveguide power divider, realize the miniaturization of the feed grid, and achieve low sidelobe performance of the radiation pattern, which has significant advantages over the traditional solution.

[0030] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and illustrative only, and are not intended to limit this application.

[0031] The overview of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this application is not a full disclosure of the entire scope or all features of the disclosed technology. Attached Figure Description

[0032] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. The drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example rather than limitation and are used, together with the description and claims, to illustrate the disclosed embodiments. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used in all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the apparatus or method.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a conventional double-ridged waveguide.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the ridge waveguide according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the ridge waveguide according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 4For the same size Figure 1 The rectangular double-ridge waveguide shown in the prior art and Figure 2 The diagram shows a comparison of the transmission coefficients of the ridge waveguide in this application embodiment.

[0037] Figure 5 For the same size Figure 1 The rectangular double-ridge waveguide shown in the prior art and Figure 2 The diagram shows a comparison of return loss of the ridge waveguide in this application embodiment.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the waveguide power divider according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide power divider according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 8 This is an electric field distribution diagram of the waveguide power divider according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 9 The electric field distribution diagram is shown for a power divider constructed using conventional rectangular double-ridged waveguides in existing technology.

[0042] Figure 10 The diagram shows the transmission coefficient of the waveguide power divider in this application. The solid line represents the transmission coefficient from the input port to the first output port, and the dashed line represents the transmission coefficient from the input port to the second output port. The horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the transmission coefficient value in dB.

[0043] Figure 11 The diagram shows the return loss of the waveguide power divider in this application, where the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz and the vertical axis represents return loss value in dB.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waveguide antenna of this application.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide antenna of this application.

[0046] Figure 14 This is a return loss diagram of the waveguide antenna of this application, where the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz and the vertical axis represents return loss value in dB.

[0047] Figure 15 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna of this application, where the horizontal axis represents the Theta angle in degrees and the vertical axis represents the gain value in dB.

[0048] Figure 16This is the elevation pattern of the waveguide antenna of this application, where the horizontal axis represents the Theta angle in degrees and the vertical axis represents the gain value in dB.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] 1- Ridge waveguide; 11- Waveguide body; 12- Waveguide cavity; 121- First cavity wall; 122- Second cavity wall; 13- Ridge; 131- Groove; 1311- Arc-shaped groove;

[0051] 2-Waveguide power divider; 21-First waveguide; 22-Second waveguide; 23-Third waveguide; 24-Input port; 25-First output port; 26-Second output port; 27-Arc-shaped branch waveguide; 28-Fourth waveguide;

[0052] 3-Waveguide antenna; 31-First waveguide power divider; 32-Second waveguide power divider; 321-Fifth waveguide; 322-First stub; 323-Second stub; 324-First transmission cavity; 325-Second transmission cavity; 326-Excitation port; 327-Waveguide radiation port. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0055] To keep the following description of the embodiments of this application clear and concise, detailed descriptions of known functions and known components are omitted.

[0056] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this application embodiment provides a ridge waveguide 1, which includes a waveguide body 11 and a waveguide cavity 12 within the waveguide body 11. The waveguide cavity 12 extends to a first end and a second end of the waveguide body 11, forming a first waveguide opening and a second waveguide opening, respectively. A ridge 13 protrudes from one of the cavity walls of the waveguide cavity 12, or ridges 13 protrude from both opposite cavity walls of the waveguide cavity 12. A groove 131 is formed in the ridge 13 on the side away from the cavity wall where it is located. Opposite arc-shaped grooves 1311 are provided at the groove openings of the opposite two side groove walls of the groove 131.

[0057] The ridge waveguide 1 of this application embodiment has a groove 131 on the ridge 13 and an arc groove 1311 at the opening of the groove 131. The groove 131 and the arc groove 1311 work together to not only change the electromagnetic wave transmission path, making the cutoff wavelength of the TE10 wave in the waveguide longer and improving the waveguide transmission performance, but also reduce the waveguide opening size and further reduce the waveguide size.

[0058] It is understood that the ridge 13 extends along the cavity wall of the waveguide body 11 from the first end to the second end of the waveguide body 11, making the ridge 13 form a strip-like shape; similarly, the groove 131 extends along the length of the ridge 13 from its first end to its second end, forming a strip-shaped groove, and the arc-shaped groove 1311 extends along the length of the groove 131 from its first end to its second end.

[0059] In optional embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the two first cavity walls 121 of the waveguide cavity 12 are respectively provided with opposing ridges 13, which can further reduce the waveguide aperture size and enhance the waveguide transmission performance.

[0060] Furthermore, continue to combine Figure 2 The ridge 13 has a rectangular cross-section, and the groove 131 on the ridge 13 also has a rectangular cross-section. This not only facilitates manufacturing but also enhances the coupling effect, achieving more efficient signal coupling, reducing signal loss, and improving energy transmission efficiency.

[0061] Preferred, continue to combine Figure 2 The waveguide cavity 12 has a rectangular cross-section, giving it two first cavity walls 121 corresponding to the two short sides of its cross-section and two second cavity walls 122 corresponding to the two long sides of its cross-section. Each of the two first cavity walls 121 has a protruding opposing ridge 13, forming a double-ridged E-waveguide, thus achieving better transmission efficiency and impedance matching. In this application, the cross-section refers to a section perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the waveguide cavity 12.

[0062] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The figures show a comparison of the transmission coefficient and return loss of a conventional double-rectangular ridge waveguide and the ridge waveguide 1 of this application, both of the same size. The solid line represents the ridge waveguide 1 of this application, and the dashed line represents the conventional double-rectangular ridge waveguide. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The horizontal axis represents frequency, in GHz; Figure 4 The vertical axis represents the transmission coefficient value. Figure 5 The vertical axis represents the return loss value, in dB. For example... Figure 4 As shown, for the same size, the transmission coefficient of a conventional double rectangular ridge waveguide decreases significantly at 72.5 GHz, with a cutoff frequency of 72.5 GHz. However, the transmission coefficient of ridge waveguide 1 in this embodiment remains unchanged in the 70-83 GHz range, and its cutoff frequency is significantly lower than 70 GHz. This indicates that the size of ridge waveguide 1 in this embodiment is significantly smaller than that of a conventional double rectangular ridge waveguide, achieving a miniaturized waveguide port design. Figure 5 As shown, the return loss is less than -15dB in the 70GHz to 80GHz range, achieving low return loss.

[0063] The depth and width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 in this embodiment are not specifically limited. Those skilled in the art can select and determine them according to the actual electromagnetic wave transmission mode, waveguide cutoff frequency, reflection, and impedance matching. The arc-shaped groove 1311 can be a circular arc-shaped groove or an elliptical arc-shaped groove.

[0064] In some embodiments, the ridges 13 on the two first cavity walls 121 are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity 12; the grooves 131 on the two ridges 13 are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity 12; the arcuate grooves 1311 on the two grooves 131 are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity 12; and the two arcuate grooves 1311 on the same groove 131 are symmetrical about the second longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity 12. The first longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity 12 and is perpendicular to the second cavity wall 122, and the second longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity 12 and is perpendicular to the first cavity wall 121. The first and second longitudinal sections are perpendicular to each other and both perpendicular to the cross-section. This symmetrical structure within the waveguide cavity 12 not only improves the uniformity of the electromagnetic field distribution but also simplifies design and analysis, optimizes signal transmission efficiency, reduces loss and reflection, enhances system reliability, and ensures more efficient and stable operation.

[0065] This application also provides a waveguide power divider 2 based on the ridge waveguide 1 in the above embodiments. For example... Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the waveguide power divider 2 includes a first waveguide 21, two second waveguides 22, and two third waveguides 23. The first end of the first waveguide 21 forms the input port 24 of the waveguide power divider 2. The first ends of the two second waveguides 22 are respectively connected to the second ends of the first waveguide 21, so that the two second waveguides 22 and the first waveguide 21 together form a T-shape. The first ends of the two third waveguides 23 are respectively connected to the second ends of the two second waveguides 22, and the second ends of the two third waveguides 23 form the output ports of the waveguide power divider 2, with the two output ports facing the same direction. The two output ports are the first output port 25 and the second output port 26, respectively. The first waveguide 21, the second waveguides 22, and the third waveguides 23 all adopt the ridge waveguide 1 in the above embodiment.

[0066] The waveguide power divider 2 in this embodiment is a 1-to-2 T-type waveguide power divider 2. Due to the adoption of the smaller ridge waveguide 1 design with groove 131 and arc groove 1311 in this embodiment, the size of the feed network can be reduced, and the electric field direction of the electromagnetic waves at the two output ports is the same. This solves the problem of reverse electric field at the output ports in conventional E-waveguide power dividers in the prior art, and avoids problems such as phase difference, power loss and impedance mismatch caused by opposite electric field directions.

[0067] In some embodiments, ridges 13 are provided on the two opposite first cavity walls 121 of the waveguide cavities 12 of the first waveguide 21, the second waveguide 22, and the third waveguide 23 to form a first double-ridged E-waveguide, a second double-ridged E-waveguide, and a third double-ridged E-waveguide, respectively. This enables the waveguide power divider 2 of the present application embodiment to form an E-waveguide power divider 2, which has the advantages of compact structure, low loss, high efficiency, high isolation, and low reflection, and can be widely used in microwave, radio frequency communication, and radar systems.

[0068] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the grooves 131 on the ridge 13 of the first double-ridge E-waveguide, the two second double-ridge E-waveguides, and the two third double-ridge E-waveguides are all rectangular. The first longitudinal section of the grooves 131 on the ridge 13 of the first double-ridge E-waveguide and the two second double-ridge E-waveguides are also rectangular. The first longitudinal section of the grooves 131 on the ridge 13 of the two third double-ridge E-waveguides gradually increases from their respective first ends to their second ends, forming a flared (frustum-shaped) opening; wherein the first longitudinal section passes through the axis of their respective waveguide cavities 12 and is parallel to their respective first cavity walls 121. This not only solves the reverse output port problem of the E-waveguide power divider 2 but also enables miniaturization of the feed grid. Moreover, the flared third double-ridge E-waveguide is equivalent to an impedance matching waveguide, allowing the output port impedance to be changed for matching with the corresponding impedance waveguide port.

[0069] In some embodiments, continue to combine Figure 7 The waveguide power divider 2 also includes an arc-shaped branch waveguide 27, which adopts the ridge waveguide 1 in the above embodiments of this application. The arc-shaped branch waveguide 27 is bent in shape, that is... Figure 2 The ridge waveguide 1 is bent as a whole, so that the waveguide body 11, waveguide cavity 12, and ridge 13 are all bent in the same direction and to the same degree, thus forming an arc-shaped waveguide cavity 12 and an arc-shaped ridge 13 with the same bending direction and curvature. An arc-shaped branch waveguide 27 is used to connect the second waveguide 22 and the third waveguide 23, which are approximately perpendicular to each other, that is, the second end of the second waveguide 22 and the first end of the third waveguide 23 are connected by the arc-shaped branch waveguide 27.

[0070] Furthermore, the grooves 131 on the ridges 13 of the first double-ridge E-waveguide, the second double-ridge E-waveguide, the third double-ridge E-waveguide, and the arc-shaped branch waveguide 27 all have the same depth. The width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the second double-ridge E-waveguide is the same as the width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the arc-shaped branch waveguide 27, and both are smaller than the width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the first double-ridge E-waveguide. The width of the first end of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the third double-ridge E-waveguide is equal to the width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the second double-ridge E-waveguide, and the width of the second end of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the third double-ridge E-waveguide is equal to the width of the groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the first double-ridge E-waveguide. So that the waveguide power divider 2 of this application embodiment forms a second longitudinal section symmetrical about the waveguide body 11 of the first double-ridged E-waveguide, wherein the second longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity 12 of the first double-ridged E-waveguide and is perpendicular to the first cavity wall 121 of the first double-ridged E-waveguide. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide power divider taken along the first longitudinal section. Figure 7 As can be seen, the waveguide power divider is symmetrical about the waveguide cavity 12 of the first double-ridged E-waveguide. The waveguide power divider 2 of this embodiment can transmit the electromagnetic wave input from the input port 24 to the first double-ridged E-waveguide, then divide it into two equal parts through the second double-ridged E-waveguide, and then output it from the two output ports through two arc-shaped branch waveguides 27 and two third double-ridged E-waveguides, forming a uniform power divider in which the electromagnetic wave is evenly distributed to the two output ports.

[0071] Continue to combine Figure 7The second ends of the two third waveguides 23 are respectively connected to their matching fourth waveguides 28. The cross-section of the grooves 131 on the ridges 13 of the two fourth waveguides 28 is rectangular, and the width and depth of the grooves 131 are the same as the width and depth of the grooves 131 at the second end of the third waveguides 23. The ends of the two fourth waveguides 28 respectively form the output ports of the waveguide power divider 2. By setting the fourth waveguides 28, the waveguide power divider 2 can be directly connected to the waveguide port of the corresponding impedance without additional transformation.

[0072] It should be noted that the width of the groove 131 in this application refers to Figure 3 The dimension in the X direction, the depth of groove 131 refers to... Figure 3 The dimension in the Y direction, the length of groove 131 refers to Figure 3 The dimension in the Z direction.

[0073] like Figure 8 The electric field distribution diagram of the waveguide power divider 2 in this embodiment of the application is shown. The electric fields of the electromagnetic waves at its two output ports are basically in phase (both moving to the right →). Figure 9 The electric field distribution diagram of the prior art power divider shown is shown. Its electric field direction is parallel to the H-plane (narrow side) of the waveguide. After the electromagnetic wave at the input port is divided equally by the conventional E-waveguide power divider 2, the electric fields of the electromagnetic waves at the two output ports are completely opposite (one side is upward ↑, and the other side is downward ↓). The waveguide power divider 2 of this application solves the problem of electric field reversal.

[0074] like Figure 10 The transmission coefficient diagram of the waveguide power divider 2 in this embodiment of the application is shown, and Figure 11 The return loss diagram shown indicates that, within the 70GHz to 80GHz range, the return loss of input port 24 is less than -15dB, and the transmission coefficients and transmission phases of the first output port 25 and the second output port 26 are equal, with the power divider loss being only 0.05dB.

[0075] Based on the ridge waveguide 1 and waveguide power divider 2 in the above embodiments, this application also provides a waveguide antenna 3. For example... Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the waveguide antenna 3 includes a first waveguide power divider 31 and two second waveguide power dividers 32. The first waveguide power divider 31 adopts the waveguide power divider 2 in any of the above embodiments. The input port of the first waveguide power divider 31 forms the excitation port 326 of the waveguide antenna 3. The energy of the excitation port 326 is divided into two equal-amplitude and in-phase parts after passing through the first waveguide power divider 31. The two second waveguide power dividers 32 are respectively disposed at the second ends of the two third waveguides 23 of the first waveguide power divider 31, and are used to further divide the two equal-amplitude and in-phase parts of energy divided by the first waveguide power divider 31 into two parts, which are then radiated outward from the four waveguide radiation ports 327 respectively. The waveguide antenna 3 in this embodiment is a 1x4 waveguide antenna 3. By optimizing the feed network structure, not only is the feed network miniaturized, but also the antenna has low sidelobes.

[0076] In some embodiments, continue to combine Figure 12 and Figure 13 The second waveguide power divider 32 includes a fifth waveguide 321, a first stub 322, and a second stub 323. The first end of the fifth waveguide 321 is connected to the second end of the third waveguide 23 of the first waveguide power divider 31 (when the second end of the third waveguide 23 is connected to the fourth waveguide 28, the first end of the fifth waveguide 321 will be connected to the second end of the fourth waveguide 28). The groove 131 on the ridge 13 of the fifth waveguide 321 has a rectangular cross-section and longitudinal section. The first end of the first stub 322 is connected to the first side of the ridge 13 at the second end of the fifth waveguide 321, that is, the first end of the first stub 322 is connected to the outer side of one side of the groove wall of the groove 131. A first transmission cavity 324 is formed between the first stub 322 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321. The first stub 322 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321 cooperate to form a waveguide structure, which is defined as the sixth waveguide. The first end of the second branch 323 is connected to the second side of the ridge 13 at the second end of the fifth waveguide 321, that is, the first end of the second branch 323 is connected to the outer side of the groove wall on the other side of the groove 131. A second transmission cavity 325 is formed between the second branch 323 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321. The second branch 323 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321 actually form a waveguide structure, which is defined as the seventh waveguide. The fifth waveguide 321, the sixth waveguide, and the seventh waveguide together form the second waveguide power divider 32. The first transmission cavity 324 and the second transmission cavity 325 extend in opposite directions to connect to different waveguide radiation ports 327 respectively. The second waveguide power divider 32 has a clever and reasonable structure. By adjusting the size (including length, width and height) and / or position of the first stub 322 and the second stub 323, and thus changing the length and / or width of the transmission cavity, the power distribution of each waveguide radiation port 327 can be flexibly adjusted to achieve the low sidelobe performance of the waveguide antenna 3.

[0077] It is understandable that the first branch 322 and the second branch 323 are not only connected to the ridge 13 of the fifth waveguide 321 at their respective first ends, but also connected to the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321 at their upper and lower sides, so that the first transmission cavity 324 and the second transmission cavity 325 both form a circumferentially closed structure. The ends of the first transmission cavity 324 and the second transmission cavity 325 that are far apart are connected to different waveguide radiation ports 327, and the ends of the first transmission cavity 324 and the second transmission cavity 325 that are close together are connected to the waveguide cavity of the fifth waveguide 321.

[0078] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, four waveguide radiation ports 327 are arranged side by side with the same orientation, and the orientation of the four waveguide radiation ports 327 is perpendicular to the orientation of the excitation port 326, thus enabling miniaturization of the waveguide antenna 3.

[0079] like Figure 13 As shown, the energy at excitation port 326 is divided into two equal-amplitude, in-phase components after passing through the first waveguide power divider 31, and then transmitted to the left and right fifth waveguides 321 respectively. After being divided by the sixth and seventh waveguides, it is divided into four components, which excite the four waveguide radiation ports 327 respectively, generating radiation. That is, this application achieves E-H waveguide conversion through the second waveguide power divider 32, and simultaneously achieves phase consistency and unequal power distribution at each output port while ensuring a small feed grid size, resulting in a low sidelobe pattern. This solves the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to simultaneously achieve a low sidelobe pattern and a miniaturized feed grid.

[0080] Calculations are performed based on Chebyshev functions. Figure 13 The normalized unit current amplitude ratio of the four waveguide radiation ports 327 from left to right is 0.429:1.000:1.000:0.429. Based on the calculated current amplitude ratio, the structure of the sixth waveguide, which is composed of the first branch 322 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321, and the structure of the seventh waveguide, which is composed of the second branch 323 and the waveguide body 11 of the fifth waveguide 321, are further optimized to control the radiation energy of the four waveguide radiation ports 327 respectively, so that the energy radiated by each waveguide radiation port 327 is superimposed, thereby achieving low sidelobe performance.

[0081] Figure 14 This is a return loss diagram of the waveguide antenna 3 according to an embodiment of this application, where the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz and the vertical axis represents return loss value in dB. Figure 14 As shown, the antenna's return loss is less than -10dB from 72.3GHz to 80.4GHz, demonstrating that the antenna achieves broadband performance.

[0082] Figure 15 and Figure 16 The radiation patterns of the waveguide antenna 3 in this application are respectively: Figure 15 The horizontal radiation pattern of waveguide antenna 3 is shown. Figure 16 The images show the elevation radiation patterns of the waveguide antenna in both graphs. The horizontal axis of both graphs represents the Theta angle, in degrees (deg), and the vertical axis represents the gain value, in dB. Figure 15 As shown, the horizontal beamwidth of waveguide antenna 3 is 131.9° at 6dB, meaning that when the antenna peak gain is reduced by 6dB, the horizontal beamwidth can reach 131.9°; Figure 16 As shown, the 6dB beamwidth of waveguide antenna 3 is 30.6°, meaning that when the peak gain of the antenna is reduced by 6dB, the beamwidth of the elevation plane can reach 30.6°, and the sidelobes of the radiation pattern are less than -29.5dB. That is, the difference between the maximum peak gain of the sidelobes and the peak gain of the main lobe is greater than 29.5dB.

[0083] The ridge waveguide 1, waveguide power divider 2, and waveguide antenna 3 in this application embodiment can all be formed by etching waveguide cavities 12, grooves 131, and arc-shaped slots 1311 on a metal substrate. The remaining portion that is not etched away forms the waveguide body 11. To facilitate etching inside the metal substrate, the metal substrate can be cut into two symmetrical halves, namely an upper substrate and a lower substrate. Etching is performed on the surfaces of the upper and lower substrates respectively. After etching is completed, the upper and lower substrates are spliced ​​together to form the ridge waveguide 1, waveguide power divider 2, or waveguide antenna 3.

[0084] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make variations, modifications, substitutions, and alterations to the above embodiments within the scope of this disclosure. Moreover, the above examples (or one or more of them) can be used in combination with each other, and these embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or arrangements.

Claims

1. A ridge waveguide, comprising a waveguide body, wherein a waveguide cavity is provided within the waveguide body, characterized in that, A ridge is provided on one of the cavity walls of the waveguide cavity, or a ridge is provided on both opposite cavity walls of the waveguide cavity. A groove is formed in the ridge on the side away from the cavity wall where it is located, and opposite arc-shaped grooves are provided at the groove openings of the opposite two side groove walls.

2. The ridge waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the ridge is rectangular; and / or The groove on the ridge has a rectangular cross-section.

3. The ridge waveguide according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waveguide cavity has a rectangular cross-section, so that the waveguide cavity has two first cavity walls corresponding to the two short sides of its cross-section and two second cavity walls corresponding to the two long sides of its cross-section. The two first cavity walls are respectively provided with opposing ridges.

4. The ridge waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ridges on the two first cavity walls are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; the grooves on the two ridges are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; the arcuate grooves on the two grooves are symmetrical about the first longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; the two arcuate grooves on the same groove are symmetrical about the second longitudinal section of the waveguide cavity; wherein... The first longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity and is perpendicular to the second cavity wall, and the second longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide cavity and is perpendicular to the first cavity wall.

5. A waveguide power divider, characterized in that, include: A first waveguide, the first end of which forms the input port of the waveguide power divider; Two second waveguides are provided, with the first ends of the two second waveguides respectively connected to the second ends of the first waveguide, so that the two second waveguides and the first waveguide together form a T-shape. Two third waveguides are provided, with their first ends connected to the second ends of two second waveguides respectively. The second ends of the two third waveguides respectively form the output ports of the waveguide power divider, and the two output ports face the same direction. The first waveguide, the second waveguide, and the third waveguide are all ridge waveguides as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The waveguide power divider according to claim 5, characterized in that, The waveguide cavities of the first, second, and third waveguides each have ridges protruding from their two opposite first cavity walls to form a first double-ridged E-waveguide, a second double-ridged E-waveguide, and a third double-ridged E-waveguide, respectively; and / or The cross-sections of the grooves on the ridges of the first double-ridge E-waveguide, the two grooves on the ridges of the second double-ridge E-waveguide, and the two grooves on the ridges of the third double-ridge E-waveguide are all rectangular. The first longitudinal section of the groove on the ridge of the first double-ridged E-waveguide and the first longitudinal section of the groove on the ridge of the two second double-ridged E-waveguides are both rectangular. The first longitudinal section of the grooves in the ridges of the two third double-ridged E-waveguides gradually increases from their respective first ends to their second ends to form an flared shape; The first longitudinal section passes through the axis of the waveguide and is parallel to the first cavity wall.

7. The waveguide power divider according to claim 5, characterized in that, The waveguide power divider further includes an arc-shaped branch waveguide, which is a ridge waveguide as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the waveguide cavity and ridge of the arc-shaped branch waveguide are arc-shaped with the same bending direction and curvature; the second end of the second waveguide and the first end of the third waveguide are connected through the arc-shaped branch waveguide.

8. The waveguide power divider according to claim 7, characterized in that, The grooves on the ridges of the first waveguide, second waveguide, third waveguide, and arc-shaped branch waveguide are all of the same depth; The width of the groove on the ridge of the second waveguide is the same as the width of the groove on the ridge of the arc-shaped branch waveguide, and both are smaller than the width of the groove on the ridge of the first waveguide. The width of the first end of the groove on the ridge of the third waveguide is equal to the width of the groove on the ridge of the second waveguide, and the width of the second end of the groove on the ridge of the third waveguide is equal to the width of the groove on the ridge of the first waveguide.

9. A waveguide antenna, characterized in that, include: The first waveguide power divider adopts the waveguide power divider according to any one of claims 5 to 8; the input port of the first waveguide power divider forms the excitation port of the waveguide antenna, and the energy of the excitation port is divided into two equal-amplitude and in-phase components after passing through the first waveguide power divider; Two second waveguide power dividers are respectively located at the second ends of the two third waveguides of the first waveguide power divider, and are used to further divide the two equal-amplitude and in-phase energy divided by the first waveguide power divider into two parts, which are then radiated outward from the four waveguide radiation ports respectively.

10. The waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second waveguide power divider includes a fifth waveguide, a first stub, and a second stub; the first end of the fifth waveguide is connected to the second end of the third waveguide; the first end of the first stub is connected to the first side of the ridge of the second end of the fifth waveguide, and a first transmission cavity is formed between the first stub and the waveguide body of the fifth waveguide; the first end of the second stub is connected to the second side of the ridge of the second end of the fifth waveguide, and a second transmission cavity is formed between the second stub and the waveguide body of the fifth waveguide, wherein the first transmission cavity and the second transmission cavity are respectively connected to different waveguide radiation ports.

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