Intelligent voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation system and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of automatic voltage control, and discloses a dynamic voltage regulation system and method of an intelligent voltage converter, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a load current instantaneous value, an output voltage instantaneous value and a switching frequency of a power switching device, and determining a load mutation characteristic parameter; acquiring a voltage regulation priority factor according to the load mutation characteristic parameter and the output voltage instantaneous value; performing hierarchical adjustment on the switching frequency of the power switching device based on the voltage regulation priority factor, and obtaining a dynamic switching frequency; determining a duty cycle adjustment step according to the dynamic switching frequency and the load current instantaneous value; acquiring a duty cycle correction value based on a deviation amplitude of the duty cycle adjustment step and the output voltage instantaneous value; and controlling the switching action of the power switching device according to the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic voltage control technology, and more specifically, to a dynamic voltage regulation system and method for intelligent voltage converters. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, data centers, and 5G communication equipment, high-efficiency power electronic conversion technology has become the core support of modern power management systems. In complex power load environments, achieving high-precision and fast-response voltage regulation is of great significance for ensuring stable equipment operation, improving energy utilization efficiency, and extending equipment lifespan. In order to meet increasingly stringent power quality requirements and adapt to dynamic load changes, intelligent voltage converter technology has been widely used in recent years. These systems achieve precise regulation and dynamic optimization of output voltage through advanced power switching devices, digital control algorithms, and real-time feedback mechanisms.

[0003] However, existing voltage converters have significant limitations in voltage regulation response speed during transient load changes, a problem particularly pronounced in high-power-density applications. Specifically, when the load current undergoes a large jump within microseconds, the response delay of traditional PWM controllers typically reaches 10 to 50 microseconds. This delay can lead to 5% to 15% overshoot or undershoot in the output voltage when the load change exceeds 60% of the rated power. For example, in a server CPU dynamic frequency scaling scenario, when the processor instantly switches from low-power mode to high-performance mode, the load current can jump from 0.5A to 15A within 2 microseconds. In this case, the voltage regulation delay of a traditional buck converter will cause the output voltage to drop from 1.2V to 1V. 0.08V; such voltage fluctuations may not only trigger the CPU's undervoltage protection mechanism, causing a system restart, but also generate significant electromagnetic interference and power loss during high-frequency switching. The current mainstream approach to solving this problem is to increase the output capacitor capacity and adopt multiphase interleaved control technology to improve transient response by increasing system inertia and distributing switching frequency. However, this passive compensation-based solution not only significantly increases system size and cost, but also reduces conversion efficiency under light load conditions, making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of high power density and high efficiency of modern electronic devices. It is also unable to adapt to the increasingly complex dynamic load application requirements and has high design complexity, ultimately limiting the widespread application of high-performance voltage converters in portable devices and compact industrial equipment.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a dynamic voltage regulation system and method for intelligent voltage converters to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art and to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter, comprising:

[0006] Step S1: Obtain the instantaneous values ​​of the load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of the power switching devices of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle;

[0007] Step S2: Determine the load sudden change characteristic parameter based on the change amplitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value in adjacent adjustment cycles; obtain the voltage adjustment priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load sudden change characteristic parameter and the instantaneous output voltage value.

[0008] Step S3: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; according to the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each regulation cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each regulation cycle is obtained.

[0009] Step S4: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value, control the switching action of the power switching device to achieve dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for determining the characteristic parameters of load mutation includes:

[0011] Calculate the difference between the instantaneous load current value in the current adjustment cycle and the instantaneous load current value in the previous adjustment cycle, and use it as the load current change amplitude.

[0012] Calculate the ratio of the load current change amplitude to the current adjustment cycle duration as the load current change rate;

[0013] The load change intensity factor is obtained based on the ratio of the load current change amplitude to a preset amplitude threshold.

[0014] The load sudden change factor is obtained based on the ratio of the load current change rate to a preset rate threshold.

[0015] The product of the load mutation intensity factor and the load mutation abruptness factor is normalized to obtain the load mutation characteristic parameters.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the voltage regulation priority factor includes:

[0017] Calculate the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and use it as the output voltage deviation value;

[0018] The direction of deviation is determined based on the sign of the output voltage deviation value. When the output voltage deviation value is positive, the deviation direction is overshoot; when the output voltage deviation value is negative, the deviation direction is undershoot.

[0019] Based on the deviation direction and the magnitude of the load mutation characteristic parameter, the deviation weighting coefficient is determined. When the deviation direction is overshoot and the load mutation characteristic parameter is greater than the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the first preset weighting value; when the deviation direction is undershoot and the load mutation characteristic parameter is greater than the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the second preset weighting value; when the load mutation characteristic parameter is less than or equal to the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the third preset weighting value.

[0020] The voltage regulation priority factor is obtained by normalizing the product of the absolute value of the output voltage deviation and the deviation weighting coefficient.

[0021] Furthermore, the step of adjusting the switching frequency of the power switching device in stages based on the voltage regulation priority factor to obtain the dynamic switching frequency within each regulation cycle includes:

[0022] Based on the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is divided into multiple preset frequency ranges, wherein each preset frequency range corresponds to a frequency adjustment step size.

[0023] When the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than the first preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the highest preset frequency range, and the frequency is increased by the corresponding maximum frequency adjustment step size.

[0024] When the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the first preset priority threshold and greater than the second preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the middle preset frequency range, and the frequency is increased or decreased by the corresponding middle frequency adjustment step size.

[0025] When the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the second preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the lowest preset frequency range, and the frequency is decreased by the corresponding minimum frequency adjustment step size.

[0026] Furthermore, determining the duty cycle adjustment step size within each adjustment cycle based on the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current includes:

[0027] The trend of change is determined by the direction of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles. When the instantaneous load current value increases continuously, the trend is a positive sudden change; when the instantaneous load current value decreases continuously, the trend is a negative sudden change; when the instantaneous load current value does not change significantly, the trend is stable.

[0028] The frequency influence factor is obtained based on the ratio of the dynamic switching frequency to the preset reference frequency.

[0029] Based on the changing trend and the magnitude of the frequency influence factor, a step size adjustment coefficient is determined. When the changing trend is a positive abrupt change and the frequency influence factor is greater than or equal to the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the first preset step size value. When the changing trend is a negative abrupt change and the frequency influence factor is greater than or equal to the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the second preset step size value. When the changing trend is stable or the frequency influence factor is less than the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the third preset step size value.

[0030] The product of the step size adjustment coefficient and the preset reference step size is used as the duty cycle adjustment step size.

[0031] Furthermore, obtaining the duty cycle correction value within each adjustment cycle based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage includes:

[0032] Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the instantaneous value of the output voltage and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and use it as the deviation amplitude;

[0033] The deviation ratio factor is obtained based on the ratio of the deviation amplitude to the preset deviation threshold.

[0034] The sign of the deviation amplitude is determined by the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and the direction of duty cycle adjustment is further determined. When the deviation amplitude is positive, the direction of duty cycle adjustment is to decrease the duty cycle; when the deviation amplitude is negative, the direction of duty cycle adjustment is to increase the duty cycle.

[0035] The product of the deviation ratio factor and the duty cycle adjustment step size is used as the duty cycle adjustment amount;

[0036] Based on the duty cycle adjustment direction and the duty cycle adjustment amount, the duty cycle within the current adjustment cycle is corrected to obtain the duty cycle correction value.

[0037] Furthermore, controlling the switching action of the power switching device based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value includes:

[0038] The switching cycle of the power switching device is determined based on the dynamic switching frequency.

[0039] The on-time and off-time of the power switching device are calculated based on the duty cycle correction value and the switching period.

[0040] Based on the on-time and off-time, a corresponding pulse width modulation signal is generated;

[0041] The pulse width modulation signal drives the switching action of the power switching device to regulate the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0042] Furthermore, the step of dividing the switching frequency of the power switching device into multiple preset frequency ranges based on the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor includes:

[0043] Based on the rated power and maximum load current of the intelligent voltage converter, determine the minimum and maximum operating frequencies of the power switching devices.

[0044] The range between the lowest operating frequency and the highest operating frequency is divided into at least three preset frequency intervals, wherein the frequency range width of each preset frequency interval is adaptively adjusted according to the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor;

[0045] When the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than a preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is increased; when the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is decreased.

[0046] Furthermore, determining the trend of change based on the direction of change of the instantaneous value of the load current within adjacent adjustment cycles includes:

[0047] Calculate the difference between the instantaneous load current value in the current adjustment cycle and the instantaneous load current value in the previous adjustment cycle, and use it as the current change value;

[0048] The sign of the current change value within three consecutive adjustment cycles is statistically analyzed to obtain the sequence of change directions.

[0049] When three consecutive current change values ​​in the direction change sequence are all positive, the change trend is determined to be a positive abrupt change; when three consecutive current change values ​​in the direction change sequence are all negative, the change trend is determined to be a negative abrupt change; when the positive and negative current change values ​​in the direction change sequence alternate or the absolute value of the current change value is less than a preset stable threshold, the change trend is determined to be stable.

[0050] Intelligent voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation system includes:

[0051] Data acquisition module: Acquires the instantaneous values ​​of load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of power switching devices of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle;

[0052] Priority determination module: Determines load mutation characteristic parameters based on the magnitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles; Obtains voltage regulation priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load mutation characteristic parameters and the instantaneous output voltage value;

[0053] Parameter determination module: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; based on the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each regulation cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each regulation cycle is obtained.

[0054] Adjustment and control module: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value, control the switching action of the power switching device to realize dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0055] The technical effects and advantages of the intelligent voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation system and method of the present invention are as follows:

[0056] This invention determines load change characteristic parameters by measuring the amplitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current within adjacent regulation cycles. It then obtains a voltage regulation priority factor by combining this with the deviation direction of the instantaneous output voltage value. This enables accurate identification of the intensity and urgency of load changes, providing a decision-making basis for subsequent regulation strategies. Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching devices is adjusted in stages, enabling the system to achieve higher regulation bandwidth and response speed, effectively shortening the response delay of traditional solutions. Finally, the duty cycle adjustment step size is determined based on the dynamic switching frequency and the load current change trend, and the duty cycle correction value is obtained by combining this with the output voltage deviation amplitude. This system dynamically matches the adjustment step size with the load variation characteristics and voltage deviation, avoiding the problems of insufficient response or over-adjustment under large load changes or small load changes in traditional fixed step size control. By coordinating the switching action of the power switching device with the dynamic switching frequency and adaptive duty cycle correction value, it effectively suppresses the overshoot or undershoot of the output voltage caused by the load change amplitude exceeding a certain proportion of the rated power in traditional solutions. At the same time, it eliminates the need to increase the output capacitor capacity and adopt complex multiphase interleaving control, reducing the system size and cost, and improving the conversion efficiency under light load conditions, thereby meeting the dual requirements of high power density and high efficiency of modern electronic equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic voltage regulation method for the intelligent voltage converter of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter in this embodiment includes:

[0062] Step S1: Obtain the instantaneous values ​​of the load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of the power switching device of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle.

[0063] Modern power electronic equipment demands increasingly higher power supply stability, especially under sudden load changes. Traditional voltage converters often suffer from excessive output voltage fluctuations and slow adjustment speeds. Intelligent voltage converters need to adjust their output parameters in real time according to load changes to maintain a stable output voltage. This embodiment collects the operating parameters of the intelligent voltage converter to provide a data foundation for subsequent dynamic adjustment.

[0064] This embodiment employs a high-precision current sensor to acquire the instantaneous load current value of the intelligent voltage converter in real time, with a sampling frequency of 100kHz; a high-speed voltage detection circuit is used to acquire the instantaneous output voltage value, with a sampling accuracy of 0.01V; simultaneously, the controller reads the current switching frequency of the power switching devices. The adjustment period is set to 200μs, meaning that parameter acquisition and adjustment calculations are performed every 200μs.

[0065] It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, different methods such as Hall current sensors and shunt resistors can also be used to collect load current. The sampling frequency can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario; the voltage acquisition accuracy can also be set according to actual needs; the adjustment period can be selected in the range of 100μs to 500μs to balance response speed and system stability.

[0066] Step S2: Determine the load sudden change characteristic parameters based on the magnitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles; obtain the voltage regulation priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load sudden change characteristic parameters and the instantaneous output voltage value.

[0067] Sudden changes in load current are the main cause of output voltage fluctuations, therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of load sudden changes. This embodiment first calculates the amplitude and rate of change of the load current, and then combines these two parameters to obtain the characteristic parameters of load sudden changes. These parameters can effectively reflect the intensity and speed of load sudden changes.

[0068] Preferably, in some possible implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, the method for determining the load mutation characteristic parameters includes: calculating the difference between the instantaneous value of the load current in the current adjustment cycle and the instantaneous value of the load current in the previous adjustment cycle, as the load current change amplitude; calculating the ratio of the load current change amplitude to the duration of the current adjustment cycle, as the load current change rate; obtaining the load mutation intensity factor based on the ratio of the load current change amplitude to a preset amplitude threshold; obtaining the load mutation abruptness factor based on the ratio of the load current change rate to a preset rate threshold; and normalizing the product of the load mutation intensity factor and the load mutation abruptness factor to obtain the load mutation characteristic parameters.

[0069] For example, when a smart voltage converter abruptly changes from a light load to a heavy load, the load current may rapidly increase from 2A to 8A within a few regulation cycles. At this point, the load current change amplitude is 6A. If the regulation cycle is 200μs, the load current change rate is 30000A / s. If the preset amplitude threshold is 5A and the preset rate threshold is 20000A / s, the load change intensity factor is 1.2, the load change abruptness factor is 1.5, and the load change characteristic parameter after normalization is 0.85. The normalization process uses the maximum-minimum normalization method, where the maximum value is set to the highest value among the load change characteristic parameters observed during historical regulation, and the minimum value is set to the lowest value among the load change characteristic parameters observed during historical regulation. The initial maximum and minimum values ​​are set by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions, indicating that a relatively strong load change has occurred.

[0070] When the load changes abruptly, the output voltage typically deviates from the target value, resulting in overshoot or undershoot. The voltage regulation priority factor combines the load change characteristic parameters with the direction of the output voltage deviation to guide subsequent dynamic regulation strategies.

[0071] Preferably, in some possible implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention, the method for obtaining the voltage regulation priority factor includes: calculating the difference between the instantaneous value of the output voltage in the current regulation period and the target output voltage as the output voltage deviation value; determining the deviation direction according to the positive or negative of the output voltage deviation value; determining the deviation weighting coefficient according to the size of the deviation direction and the load mutation characteristic parameter; normalizing the product of the absolute value of the output voltage deviation value and the deviation weighting coefficient to obtain the voltage regulation priority factor.

[0072] In a specific implementation manner of the embodiments of the present invention, the calculation formula of the voltage regulation priority factor is: P = Norm(|Vo - Vref|×Kw); where P is the voltage regulation priority factor; Vo is the instantaneous value of the output voltage in the current regulation period; Vref is the target output voltage; |Vo - Vref| is the absolute value of the output voltage deviation value; Kw is the deviation weighting coefficient; Norm is the normalization function, and the normalization function adopts the same calculation method as the above normalization process. The maximum value is set as the maximum value that appears in the product of the absolute value of the output voltage deviation value and the deviation weighting coefficient in the historical regulation process, and the minimum value is set as the minimum value that appears in the product of the absolute value of the output voltage deviation value and the deviation weighting coefficient in the historical regulation process. The initial maximum value and minimum value are set by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation.

[0073] The determination method of the deviation weighting coefficient Kw is:

[0074] When the deviation direction is overshoot (Vo > Vref) and the load mutation characteristic parameter L > L1, Kw = K1;

[0075] When the deviation direction is undershoot (Vo < Vref) and the load mutation characteristic parameter L > L1, Kw = K2;

[0076] When the load mutation characteristic parameter L ≤ L1, Kw = K3;

[0077] Where, L1 is the first preset characteristic threshold, and its value is 0.6; K1 is the first preset weighting value, and its value is 1.5; K2 is the second preset weighting value, and its value is 1.8; K3 is the third preset weighting value, and its value is 1.0.

[0078] For example, when the target output voltage is 12V, the current output voltage is 11.7V, the deviation direction is undershoot, and the load mutation characteristic parameter is 0.85 (greater than L1), then the deviation weighting coefficient Kw = 1.8, and the voltage regulation priority factor is calculated as P = Norm(|11.7 - 12|×1.8) = 0.78.

[0079] Step S3: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; based on the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each regulation cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each regulation cycle is obtained.

[0080] Preferably, in some possible implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, the method for hierarchically adjusting the switching frequency of a power switching device based on a voltage regulation priority factor includes: dividing the switching frequency of the power switching device into multiple preset frequency intervals according to the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor, wherein each preset frequency interval corresponds to a frequency adjustment step size; selecting an appropriate frequency interval and adjustment step size according to the comparison result between the voltage regulation priority factor and a preset priority threshold; and determining the dynamic switching frequency in the next regulation cycle according to the frequency adjustment step size and the switching frequency in the current regulation cycle.

[0081] Furthermore, based on the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is divided into multiple preset frequency ranges, including:

[0082] Based on the rated power and maximum load current of the intelligent voltage converter, determine the minimum and maximum operating frequencies of the power switching devices.

[0083] The range between the lowest and highest operating frequencies is divided into at least three preset frequency intervals, wherein the frequency range width of each preset frequency interval is adaptively adjusted according to the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor.

[0084] When the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than the preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is increased; when the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is decreased.

[0085] When the voltage regulation priority factor is large, it indicates that the system needs a fast response to suppress voltage fluctuations. In this case, the switching frequency should be increased to enhance the converter's regulation capability. For example, for a smart voltage converter with a rated power of 500W (output voltage 12V, rated load current ≈41.7A), considering the switching loss characteristics and output ripple requirements of the power switching device (such as the IRF3205 MOSFET), the minimum operating frequency of the power switching device is determined to be 50kHz (to avoid the output ripple exceeding 50mV due to the frequency being too low) and the maximum operating frequency is determined to be 200kHz (to avoid the switching loss exceeding 5% of the rated power due to the frequency being too high). This is divided into three frequency ranges: 50kHz to 100kHz, 100kHz to 150kHz, and 150kHz to 200kHz.

[0086] Calculate the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor: The rate of change is the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the voltage regulation priority factor in the current cycle and the previous cycle to the duration of the regulation cycle; where, if P=0.6 in the previous regulation cycle, P=0.78 in the current cycle, and the regulation cycle T=0.0002s, then the rate of change λ=(0.78-0.6) / 0.0002=9×10^5 / s. Set a preset rate of change threshold th = 5 × 10^5 / s: When λ > th (e.g., 9 × 10^5 > 5 × 10^5 in this case), it indicates a rapid increase in the urgency of voltage regulation requirements. The width of the preset frequency range needs to be increased to accelerate frequency adjustment. At this point, the highest preset frequency range is expanded from "150kHz to 200kHz" to "160kHz to 220kHz" (width increased from 50kHz to 60kHz), the middle preset frequency range is adjusted from "100kHz to 150kHz" to "100kHz to 160kHz" (width increased to 60kHz), and the lowest preset frequency range is adjusted from "50kHz to 100kHz" to "40kHz to 100kHz". 0kHz (width increased to 60kHz); if λ≤th (e.g., current P=0.78, next cycle P=0.82, λ=(0.82-0.78) / 0.0002=2×10^5<5×10^5), then reduce the interval width, such as reducing the highest preset frequency interval to "150kHz to 195kHz" (width reduced to 45kHz), the middle preset frequency interval to "105kHz to 150kHz" (width reduced to 45kHz), and the lowest preset frequency interval to "60kHz to 105kHz" (width reduced to 45kHz), to avoid excessive frequency fluctuations. The magnitude of frequency increase and decrease needs to be set by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation.

[0087] Next, according to the comparison result between the voltage regulation priority factor and the preset priority threshold, the corresponding frequency range and adjustment step size are selected. Each range corresponds to a fixed frequency adjustment step size: the highest preset frequency range corresponds to the largest step size of 10 kHz, the middle preset frequency range corresponds to the middle step size of 5 kHz, and the lowest preset frequency range corresponds to the smallest step size of 2 kHz.

[0088] When the voltage regulation priority factor P = 0.78 (greater than the first preset priority threshold of 0.7), the switching frequency will be adjusted to the highest frequency range (150 kHz to 200 kHz), and the initial adjustment base value is determined to be 167 kHz (i.e., 150 + |0.78 - 0.7| / 0.7 × 150) based on the deviation percentage between the voltage regulation priority factor and the first preset priority threshold, and it increases in increments of the maximum frequency adjustment step size of 10 kHz, so as to rapidly improve the system response ability. Similarly, when 0.3 < P ≤ 0.7 (such as P = 0.5), the switching frequency will be adjusted to the middle preset frequency range (100 kHz to 150 kHz). Take the middle value of 0.5 between the first preset priority threshold and the second preset priority threshold, calculate the deviation percentage between the voltage regulation priority factor and the middle value to determine the initial adjustment base value of 125 kHz. If the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than or equal to the middle value, it increases in the middle step size; if the voltage regulation priority factor is less than the middle value, it decreases in the middle step size. Similarly, when P ≤ 0.3 (such as P = 0.2), it is adjusted to the low range, and the initial adjustment base value of 67 kHz (i.e., 100 - |0.2 - 0.3| / 0.3 × 100) is determined based on the deviation percentage between the voltage regulation priority factor and the first preset priority threshold, and it decreases in the minimum step size to balance the response speed and switching loss. The change rate threshold is determined based on the average value of the change rates of the first M voltage regulation priority factors. In this embodiment, the preferred value of M is 5.

[0089] After determining the dynamic switching frequency, it is also necessary to calculate the duty cycle adjustment step size. The duty cycle is a key parameter for the voltage converter to control the output voltage, and the selection of the adjustment step size directly affects the speed and stability of voltage regulation.

[0090] Preferably, the method for determining the duty cycle adjustment step size includes: determining the change trend according to the change direction of the instantaneous load current value in adjacent adjustment cycles; obtaining the frequency influence factor according to the ratio of the dynamic switching frequency to the preset reference frequency; determining the step size adjustment coefficient according to the magnitudes of the change trend and the frequency influence factor; and taking the product of the step size adjustment coefficient and the preset reference step size as the duty cycle adjustment step size.

[0091] Furthermore, determining the change trend according to the change direction of the instantaneous load current value in adjacent adjustment cycles includes:

[0092] Calculate the difference between the instantaneous value of the load current in the current adjustment period and the instantaneous value of the load current in the previous adjustment period as the current change value;

[0093] Statistically count the positivity and negativity of the current change values in three consecutive adjustment periods to obtain a change direction sequence;

[0094] When three consecutive current change values in the change direction sequence are all positive, determine that the change trend is a positive mutation; when three consecutive current change values in the change direction sequence are all negative, determine that the change trend is a negative mutation; when the positivity and negativity of the current change values in the change direction sequence alternate or the absolute value of the current change value is less than a preset stability threshold, determine that the change trend is stable.

[0095] The setting of the preset stability threshold is based on the rated current setting of the voltage converter, and its value ranges from 1% to 3% of the rated current of the voltage converter. In this embodiment, 3% is preferably selected.

[0096] In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula for the duty cycle adjustment step is:

[0097] ΔD = Kb×Dbase; where, ΔD is the duty cycle adjustment step; Kb is the step adjustment coefficient; Dbase is the preset reference step, and its value is 0.01 (i.e., 1%).

[0098] The determination method of the step adjustment coefficient Kb is:

[0099] When the change trend is a positive mutation and the frequency influence factor F≥F1, Kb = K4;

[0100] When the change trend is a negative mutation and the frequency influence factor F≥F1, Kb = K5;

[0101] When the change trend is stable or the frequency influence factor F<F1, Kb = K6;

[0102] Among them, F1 is the first preset influence threshold, and its value is 1.5; K4 is the first preset step value, and its value is 2.5; K5 is the second preset step value, and its value is 2.0; K6 is the third preset step value, and its value is 1.0.

[0103] For example, when the load current shows a continuously increasing positive mutation trend, and the dynamic switching frequency is 180 kHz and the preset reference frequency is 100 kHz, then the frequency influence factor F = 180÷100 = 1.8 (greater than F1). At this time, the step adjustment coefficient Kb = 2.5, and the duty cycle adjustment step ΔD = 2.5×0.01 = 0.025 (i.e., 2.5%).

[0104] After obtaining the duty cycle adjustment step size, the duty cycle also needs to be corrected according to the deviation of the output voltage in order to accurately control the output voltage to converge to the target value.

[0105] Preferably, the method for obtaining the duty cycle correction value includes: calculating the absolute value of the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, as the deviation amplitude; obtaining a deviation proportional factor based on the ratio of the deviation amplitude to a preset deviation threshold; determining the positive or negative sign of the deviation amplitude based on the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and further determining the duty cycle adjustment direction; using the product of the deviation proportional factor and the duty cycle adjustment step size as the duty cycle adjustment amount; and correcting the duty cycle within the current adjustment cycle based on the duty cycle adjustment direction and the duty cycle adjustment amount to obtain the duty cycle correction value. The preset deviation threshold is set by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions.

[0106] Step S4: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and duty cycle correction value, control the switching action of the power switching device to achieve dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0107] After determining the dynamic switching frequency and duty cycle correction value, the switching action of the power switching device needs to be controlled accordingly to achieve dynamic adjustment of the output voltage. The specific method includes: determining the switching period of the power switching device based on the dynamic switching frequency; calculating the on-time and off-time of the power switching device based on the duty cycle correction value and the switching period; generating a corresponding pulse width modulation signal based on the on-time and off-time; and driving the switching action of the power switching device through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0108] The switching period T of a power switching device is inversely proportional to the dynamic switching frequency f, i.e., T = 1 ÷ f. For example, when the dynamic switching frequency f = 180 kHz, the switching period T = 1 ÷ 180000 = 5.56 μs. The duty cycle correction value D' represents the proportion of the power switching device's on-time within one switching cycle to the total cycle. Therefore, the on-time ton = D' × T, and the off-time toff = T - ton. For example, when the duty cycle correction value D' = 0.35, the on-time ton = 0.35 × 5.56 μs = 1.946 μs, and the off-time toff = 5.56 μs - 1.946 μs = 3.614 μs.

[0109] The controller generates corresponding PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals based on the calculated on-time and off-time, and controls the switching action of the power switching devices through the drive circuit. For intelligent voltage converters with multiple power switching devices (such as full-bridge circuits), the phase relationship between each switching device also needs to be considered to ensure safe and reliable switching operation.

[0110] In this embodiment, the controller uses a high-performance DSP (Digital Signal Processor) to generate PWM signals, enabling precise control of the switching timing of the power switching devices. The PWM signal is transmitted to the power switching devices through an optocoupler-isolated drive circuit, ensuring electrical isolation between the control signal and the power circuit. It should be noted that the method of this invention is applicable to intelligent voltage converters with various topologies, including but not limited to Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, and full-bridge converters. For different topologies, the duty cycle calculation method and control strategy may need to be adjusted, but the basic principle and process of dynamic voltage regulation remain consistent.

[0111] This embodiment determines the load change characteristic parameters by measuring the amplitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current within adjacent adjustment cycles. Combined with the deviation direction of the instantaneous output voltage, it obtains the voltage regulation priority factor, achieving accurate identification of the intensity and urgency of load changes and providing a decision-making basis for subsequent adjustment strategies. Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching devices is adjusted in stages, enabling the system to obtain higher regulation bandwidth and response speed, effectively shortening the response delay of traditional solutions. The duty cycle adjustment step size is determined according to the dynamic switching frequency and the load current change trend, and then the duty cycle correction value is obtained by combining the output voltage deviation amplitude. This system dynamically matches the adjustment step size with the load variation characteristics and voltage deviation, avoiding the problems of insufficient response or over-adjustment under large load changes or small load changes in traditional fixed step size control. By coordinating the switching action of the power switching device with the dynamic switching frequency and adaptive duty cycle correction value, it effectively suppresses the overshoot or undershoot of the output voltage caused by the load change amplitude exceeding a certain proportion of the rated power in traditional solutions. At the same time, it eliminates the need to increase the output capacitor capacity and adopt complex multiphase interleaving control, reducing the system size and cost, and improving the conversion efficiency under light load conditions, thereby meeting the dual requirements of high power density and high efficiency of modern electronic equipment.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] Please see Figure 2 As shown, parts not described in detail in this embodiment are described in Embodiment 1. A dynamic voltage regulation system for an intelligent voltage converter is provided, including:

[0114] Data acquisition module: Acquires the instantaneous values ​​of load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of power switching devices of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle;

[0115] Priority determination module: Determines load mutation characteristic parameters based on the magnitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles; obtains voltage regulation priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load mutation characteristic parameters and the instantaneous output voltage value.

[0116] Parameter determination module: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; based on the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each regulation cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each regulation cycle is obtained.

[0117] Regulation and control module: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and duty cycle correction value, it controls the switching action of the power switching device to realize the dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

[0118] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0119] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0120] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0121] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0122] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, and "a large number" means two or more.

[0123] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0124] All formulas in this manual are dimensionless and calculated numerically. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters and thresholds in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0125] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Obtain the instantaneous values ​​of the load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of the power switching devices of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle; Step S2: Determine the load sudden change characteristic parameter based on the change amplitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value in adjacent adjustment cycles; obtain the voltage adjustment priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load sudden change characteristic parameter and the instantaneous output voltage value. Step S3: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; Based on the changing trends of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each adjustment cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each adjustment cycle is obtained. Step S4: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value, control the switching action of the power switching device to achieve dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter; The methods for obtaining the voltage regulation priority factor include: Calculate the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and use it as the output voltage deviation value; The direction of deviation is determined based on the sign of the output voltage deviation value. When the output voltage deviation value is positive, the deviation direction is overshoot; when the output voltage deviation value is negative, the deviation direction is undershoot. Based on the deviation direction and the magnitude of the load mutation characteristic parameter, the deviation weighting coefficient is determined. When the deviation direction is overshoot and the load mutation characteristic parameter is greater than the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the first preset weighting value; when the deviation direction is undershoot and the load mutation characteristic parameter is greater than the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the second preset weighting value; when the load mutation characteristic parameter is less than or equal to the first preset characteristic threshold, the deviation weighting coefficient takes the third preset weighting value. The voltage regulation priority factor is obtained by normalizing the product of the absolute value of the output voltage deviation and the deviation weighting coefficient.

2. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methods for determining the characteristic parameters of load mutation include: Calculate the difference between the instantaneous load current value in the current adjustment cycle and the instantaneous load current value in the previous adjustment cycle, and use it as the load current change amplitude. Calculate the ratio of the load current change amplitude to the current adjustment cycle duration as the load current change rate; The load change intensity factor is obtained based on the ratio of the load current change amplitude to a preset amplitude threshold. The load sudden change factor is obtained based on the ratio of the load current change rate to a preset rate threshold. The product of the load mutation intensity factor and the load mutation abruptness factor is normalized to obtain the load mutation characteristic parameters.

3. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the switching frequency of the power switching device in stages based on the voltage regulation priority factor to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle includes: Based on the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is divided into multiple preset frequency ranges, wherein each preset frequency range corresponds to a frequency adjustment step size. When the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than the first preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the highest preset frequency range, and the frequency is increased by the corresponding maximum frequency adjustment step size. When the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the first preset priority threshold and greater than the second preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the middle preset frequency range, and the frequency is increased or decreased by the corresponding middle frequency adjustment step size. When the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the second preset priority threshold, the switching frequency is adjusted to the lowest preset frequency range, and the frequency is decreased by the corresponding minimum frequency adjustment step size.

4. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the duty cycle adjustment step size in each adjustment cycle based on the changing trend of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current includes: The trend of change is determined by the direction of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles. When the instantaneous load current value increases continuously, the trend is a positive sudden change; when the instantaneous load current value decreases continuously, the trend is a negative sudden change; when the instantaneous load current value does not change significantly, the trend is stable. The frequency influence factor is obtained based on the ratio of the dynamic switching frequency to the preset reference frequency. Based on the changing trend and the magnitude of the frequency influence factor, a step size adjustment coefficient is determined. When the changing trend is a positive abrupt change and the frequency influence factor is greater than or equal to the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the first preset step size value. When the changing trend is a negative abrupt change and the frequency influence factor is greater than or equal to the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the second preset step size value. When the changing trend is stable or the frequency influence factor is less than the first preset influence threshold, the step size adjustment coefficient is set to the third preset step size value. The product of the step size adjustment coefficient and the preset reference step size is used as the duty cycle adjustment step size.

5. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the duty cycle correction value in each adjustment cycle based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage includes: Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the instantaneous value of the output voltage and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and use it as the deviation amplitude; The deviation ratio factor is obtained based on the ratio of the deviation amplitude to the preset deviation threshold. The sign of the deviation amplitude is determined by the difference between the instantaneous output voltage value and the target output voltage within the current adjustment cycle, and the direction of duty cycle adjustment is further determined. When the deviation amplitude is positive, the direction of duty cycle adjustment is to decrease the duty cycle; when the deviation amplitude is negative, the direction of duty cycle adjustment is to increase the duty cycle. The product of the deviation ratio factor and the duty cycle adjustment step size is used as the duty cycle adjustment amount; Based on the duty cycle adjustment direction and the duty cycle adjustment amount, the duty cycle within the current adjustment cycle is corrected to obtain the duty cycle correction value.

6. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the switching action of the power switching device based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value includes: The switching cycle of the power switching device is determined based on the dynamic switching frequency. The on-time and off-time of the power switching device are calculated based on the duty cycle correction value and the switching period. Based on the on-time and off-time, a corresponding pulse width modulation signal is generated; The pulse width modulation signal drives the switching action of the power switching device to regulate the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

7. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of dividing the switching frequency of the power switching device into multiple preset frequency ranges based on the magnitude of the voltage regulation priority factor includes: Based on the rated power and maximum load current of the intelligent voltage converter, determine the minimum and maximum operating frequencies of the power switching devices. The range between the lowest operating frequency and the highest operating frequency is divided into at least three preset frequency intervals, wherein the frequency range width of each preset frequency interval is adaptively adjusted according to the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor; When the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is greater than a preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is increased; when the rate of change of the voltage regulation priority factor is less than or equal to the preset rate of change threshold, the frequency range width of the preset frequency interval is decreased.

8. The dynamic voltage regulation method for an intelligent voltage converter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the trend of change based on the direction of change of the instantaneous value of the load current within adjacent adjustment cycles includes: Calculate the difference between the instantaneous load current value in the current adjustment cycle and the instantaneous load current value in the previous adjustment cycle, and use it as the current change value; The sign of the current change value within three consecutive adjustment cycles is statistically analyzed to obtain the sequence of change directions. When three consecutive current change values ​​in the direction change sequence are all positive, the change trend is determined to be a positive abrupt change; when three consecutive current change values ​​in the direction change sequence are all negative, the change trend is determined to be a negative abrupt change; when the positive and negative current change values ​​in the direction change sequence alternate or the absolute value of the current change value is less than a preset stable threshold, the change trend is determined to be stable.

9. A smart voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation system, used to implement the smart voltage converter dynamic voltage regulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition module: Acquires the instantaneous values ​​of load current, output voltage, and switching frequency of power switching devices of the intelligent voltage converter in each regulation cycle; Priority determination module: Determines load mutation characteristic parameters based on the magnitude and rate of change of the instantaneous load current value within adjacent adjustment cycles; Obtains voltage regulation priority factor based on the deviation direction between the load mutation characteristic parameters and the instantaneous output voltage value; Parameter determination module: Based on the voltage regulation priority factor, the switching frequency of the power switching device is adjusted in stages to obtain the dynamic switching frequency in each regulation cycle; Based on the changing trends of the dynamic switching frequency and the instantaneous value of the load current, the duty cycle adjustment step size in each adjustment cycle is determined; based on the deviation between the duty cycle adjustment step size and the instantaneous value of the output voltage, the duty cycle correction value in each adjustment cycle is obtained. Adjustment and control module: Based on the dynamic switching frequency and the duty cycle correction value, control the switching action of the power switching device to realize dynamic adjustment of the output voltage of the intelligent voltage converter.

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