Ultraviolet generator

Abstract

An ultraviolet (UV) generator includes: a tube forming a body of the UV generator, where the tube includes titanium; a first end cap assembly coupled to the first end of the tube, where the first end cap assembly is formed from a first plurality of end cap portions; a second end cap assembly coupled to a second end of the tube opposite the first end, where the second end cap assembly is formed of a second plurality of end cap portions; and at least one UV lamp extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly and positioned within the interior chamber of the tube.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 459,289, filed April 14, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 531,843, filed August 10, 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Background of the Invention

[0002] Invention Field

[0003] The present invention generally relates to ultraviolet (UV) generators, and systems and methods including UV generators.

[0004] Technical considerations

[0005] UV light, such as that from a UV generator, can be used in purification systems to inactivate or sterilize bacteria and decompose contaminants in fluids (e.g., air and / or water). UV light can convert contaminants in water into carbon dioxide and water, or it can convert halogenated compounds into halogenated acids. For example, fluids (such as liquids or gases) can be exposed to an effective dose of UV light radiation, i.e., a predetermined minimum intensity for a predetermined minimum exposure time. This can include inactivating a target percentage of target microorganisms present in the fluid (e.g., greater than 90%, or greater than 95%, or greater than 99%, or greater than 99.99%). However, existing UV generators are limited by environmental conditions.

[0006] Therefore, there is a current need for a more versatile and cost-effective UV generator that can be used in a variety of environments and applications. Invention Overview

[0007] In one aspect of the invention, an ultraviolet (UV) generator includes: a tube forming the body of the UV generator, wherein the tube comprises titanium; a first end cap assembly coupled to a first end of the tube, wherein the first end cap assembly is formed by a first plurality of end cap portions; a second end cap assembly coupled to a second end of the tube opposite to the first end, wherein the second end cap assembly is formed by a second plurality of end cap portions; and at least one UV lamp extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly and positioned within an internal cavity of the tube.

[0008] At least a portion of each of the respective first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly may be removable relative to one or more other portions of the respective first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly. Each of the first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly may be coupled to the tube by one or more fasteners. The tube includes at least one boss extending from its outer surface, and wherein the at least one boss is configured to receive at least one fastener. The UV generator may also include at least one O-ring seal positioned between at least one of the plurality of end cap portions of each of the first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly. At least one of the first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly includes: a first end cap portion coupled to the tube; a second end cap portion including an inlet / outlet opening and coupled to the first end cap portion; and a third end cap portion coupled to the second end cap portion. The inlet / outlet opening of the second end cap portion may be flush with the internal chamber of the tube. The third end cap portion may be removable relative to the first end cap portion and the second end cap portion. The third end cap portion may include at least one opening configured to allow removal of at least one UV lamp from the internal chamber of the tube through the at least one opening in the third end cap portion. The UV generator may also include at least one secondary tube comprising quartz, configured to extend around the at least one UV lamp between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly, and positioned within the internal chamber of the tube. At least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly may be at least partially rotatable relative to the tube. The first end cap assembly may rotate 90° relative to the second end cap assembly. The first end cap assembly may rotate 180° relative to the second end cap assembly. The first end cap assembly may be formed of at least one plastic material, and the second end cap assembly may be formed of at least one plastic material. At least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly may be formed of at least one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or polypropylene (PP). The UV generator may be configured for vertical and horizontal mounting. The inner surface of the tube may include an internal coating. The internal coating may include a titanium dioxide coating. The at least one UV lamp may include a plurality of UV lamps extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly. The UV generator may also include a plurality of secondary tubes comprising quartz, wherein each secondary tube surrounds a corresponding UV lamp among a plurality of UV lamps and extends between a first end cap assembly and a second end cap assembly.

[0009] In another aspect of the invention, a method includes: providing a UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are in a first relative alignment, and one of the first end cap and the second end cap is fluidly connected to a fluid source to be processed; and providing instructions to adjust the first relative alignment to a second relative alignment by the steps of: removing at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap from a tube of the UV generator; and securing the removed at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap to the tube in a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment.

[0010] The instructions may further include reconnecting at least one of the removed end caps from the first or second end cap to the tube under a second relative alignment. The instructions may also include rotating at least one of the first or second end caps relative to the central axis of the UV generator. The instructions may further include rotating at least one of the first or second end caps by 90° relative to the central axis. The instructions may further include rotating at least one of the first or second end caps by 180° relative to the central axis. At least one of the first or second end caps may comprise an end cap assembly. The instructions may further include removing at least one boss from the tube of the UV generator and at least one fastener from the end cap assembly. The instructions may further include removing the connected second and third end cap portions of the end cap assembly from the tube and from the first end cap portion of the end cap assembly. The instructions may further include reconnecting the connected second and third end cap portions of the end cap assembly to the tube and the first end cap portion under a second relative alignment. The method may also include instructions for installing one or more UV lamps in the UV generator.

[0011] In another aspect of the invention, a method includes: providing a UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein at least one of the first end cap and the second end cap is at least partially rotatable relative to a central axis of the UV generator, the first end cap being fluidly coupled to a first tube, and the second end cap being fluidly coupled to a second tube; and reconfiguring the alignment of at least one of the first end cap and the second end cap by rotating the first end cap and the second end cap based on the position of at least one of the first tube and the second tube.

[0012] Several non-limiting examples and aspects of the invention will now be described and set forth in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1. An ultraviolet (UV) generator comprising: a tube forming the body of the UV generator, wherein the tube is made of titanium; a first end cap assembly coupled to a first end of the tube, wherein the first end cap assembly is formed of a first plurality of end cap portions; a second end cap assembly coupled to a second end of the tube opposite to the first end, wherein the second end cap assembly is formed of a second plurality of end cap portions; and at least one UV lamp extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly and positioned within an internal cavity of the tube.

[0013] Clause 2. The UV generator according to Clause 1, wherein at least a portion of each of the respective first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is removable relative to one or more other portions of the respective first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

[0014] Clause 3. The UV generator according to Clause 1 or Clause 2, wherein each of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is connected to the tube by one or more fasteners.

[0015] Clause 4. The UV generator according to Clause 3, wherein the tube includes at least one boss extending from its outer surface, and wherein the at least one boss is configured to receive the at least one fastener.

[0016] Clause 5. The UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4 further includes at least one O-ring seal positioned between at least one of the plurality of end cap portions of each of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

[0017] Clause 6. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein at least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly comprises: a first end cap portion coupled to the tube; a second end cap portion including an inlet / outlet opening and coupled to the first end cap portion; and a third end cap portion coupled to the second end cap portion.

[0018] Clause 7. The UV generator according to Clause 6, wherein the inlet / outlet opening of the second end cap portion is flush with the internal chamber of the tube.

[0019] Clause 8. The UV generator according to Clause 6 or Clause 7, wherein the third end cap portion is removable relative to the first end cap portion and the second end cap portion.

[0020] Clause 9. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein the third end cap portion includes at least one opening configured to allow the at least one UV lamp to be removed from the internal chamber of the tube through the at least one opening of the third end cap portion.

[0021] Clause 10. The UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9 further includes at least one secondary tube made of quartz, the at least one secondary tube being configured to surround the at least one UV lamp and extend between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly, and being located within an internal cavity of the tube.

[0022] Clause 11. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein at least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is rotatable at least partially relative to the tube.

[0023] Clause 12. The UV generator according to Clause 11, wherein the first end cap assembly is rotated 90° relative to the second end cap assembly.

[0024] Clause 13. The UV generator according to Clause 11, wherein the first end cap assembly is rotated 180° relative to the second end cap assembly.

[0025] Clause 14. The UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the first end cap assembly is formed of at least one plastic material, and the second end cap assembly is formed of at least one plastic material.

[0026] Clause 15. The UV generator according to Clause 14, wherein at least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is formed of at least one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) or polypropylene (PP).

[0027] Clause 16. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 15, wherein the UV generator is configured to be mounted vertically and horizontally.

[0028] Clause 17. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the inner surface of the tube includes an internal coating.

[0029] Clause 18. The UV generator according to Clause 17, wherein the internal coating comprises a titanium dioxide coating.

[0030] Clause 19. A UV generator according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, wherein the at least one UV lamp comprises a plurality of UV lamps extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

[0031] Clause 20. The UV generator according to Clause 19 further includes a plurality of secondary tubes comprising quartz, wherein each secondary tube surrounds a corresponding UV lamp of the plurality of UV lamps and extends between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

[0032] Clause 21. A method comprising: providing a UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are in a first relative alignment, and one of the first end cap and the second end cap is fluidly connectable to a source of fluid to be processed; and providing instructions to adjust the first relative alignment to a second relative alignment by the steps of: removing at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap from a tube of the UV generator; and securing the removed at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap to the tube in a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment.

[0033] Clause 22. The method described in Clause 21 further includes an instruction to install one or more UV lamps in the UV generator.

[0034] Clause 23. The method according to Clause 21 or Clause 22, wherein the instruction further comprises: reconnecting the at least one of the removed end caps of the first end cap or the second end cap to the tube under the second relative alignment.

[0035] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 23, wherein the instruction further comprises: rotating at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap relative to the central axis of the UV generator.

[0036] Clause 25. The method according to Clause 24, wherein the instruction further comprises: rotating at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap by 90° relative to the central axis.

[0037] Clause 26. The method according to Clause 24, wherein the instruction further comprises: rotating at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap by 180° relative to the central axis.

[0038] Clause 27. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 26, wherein at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap comprises an end cap assembly.

[0039] Clause 28. The method according to Clause 27, wherein the instruction further comprises: removing at least one boss from the tube of the UV generator and removing at least one fastener from the end cap assembly.

[0040] Clause 29. The method according to Clause 27 or Clause 28, wherein the instruction further comprises: removing from the tube and from the first end cap portion of the end cap assembly a second end cap portion and a third end cap portion connected to the end cap assembly.

[0041] Clause 30. The method according to Clause 29, wherein the instruction further comprises: reconnecting the second end cap portion and the third end cap portion of the end cap assembly to the tube and the first end cap portion under the second relative alignment.

[0042] Clause 31. A method comprising: providing a UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein at least one of the first end cap and the second end cap is rotatable at least partially relative to a central axis of the UV generator, the first end cap being fluidly coupled to a first tube and the second end cap being fluidly coupled to a second tube; and reconfiguring the alignment of at least one of the first end cap and the second end cap by rotating the first end cap and the second end cap based on the position of at least one of the first tube and the second tube. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The invention will be described with reference to the following figures, wherein the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the text.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to one aspect of this disclosure; Figure 2A This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of this disclosure; Figure 2B yes Figure 2A A cross-sectional view of the UV generator taken along line A; Figure 3A This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 3B This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 3C This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 3D This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 5A This is a partial perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 5B yes Figure 5AA partial cross-sectional view of the UV generator taken along line C; Figure 6 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a partial perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 10A This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 10B yes Figure 10A A partial cross-sectional view of the UV generator taken along line D; Figure 11 This is a front view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a side view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 15 This is an exploded view of a quartz sealing device according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 16A This is a perspective view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 16B yes Figure 16A A cross-sectional view of the UV generator taken along line E; Figure 17 This is a front view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a side view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 20 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 21 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 22 This is a partial exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; Figure 23 This is a partially exploded view of a UV generator according to another aspect of the present invention; and Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of a fluid inactivation / sterilization system according to another aspect of the present invention. Description of preferred embodiments

[0045] For the purposes described below, the terms “end,” “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “lateral,” “longitudinal,” and their derivatives shall be used in relation to the orientation of the invention as presented in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the invention may take various alternative variations and sequences of steps unless expressly stated otherwise. It should also be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the drawings and described in the following description are merely exemplary embodiments or aspects of the invention. Therefore, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics associated with the embodiments or aspects disclosed herein should not be considered limiting.

[0046] The wording and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered restrictive. As used herein, the term "plurality" refers to two or more items or components. The terms "comprising," "including," "carrying," "having," "containing," and "involving," whether in the written description or claims, are open-ended terms, meaning "including but not limited to." Therefore, the use of such terms implies coverage of the items listed thereafter and their equivalents, as well as other items. Regarding claims, only the transitional terms "consisting of..." and "consisting substantially of..." are closed or semi-closed transitional terms, respectively. The use of ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," and similar terms modifying claim elements in claims does not, in itself, imply any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element relative to another claim element, or the chronological order in which the actions of the methods are performed, but is merely used as markers to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having the same name (except for the use of ordinal terms).

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, a UV generator 100 is provided. The UV generator 100 can be configured to generate UV light capable of killing, inactivating, or sterilizing microorganisms and / or decomposing contaminants present in a fluid. As used herein, “UV light” refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm. The UV generator 100 can be provided for the disinfection of fluids and / or the reduction of chloramines. The UV generator 100 is capable of delivering an effective dose of UV light to the fluid. An “effective dose” of UV light refers to a predetermined minimum intensity within a predetermined minimum exposure time, which can be determined from routine experiments. The UV generator 100 can be configured to inactivate or sterilize a specific target percentage of target microorganisms in the fluid. For example, the UV generator 100 can be configured to inactivate or sterilize more than 90%, or more than 95%, or more than 99%, or more than 99.99% of target microorganisms in the fluid.

[0048] UV generator 100 may include a tube 102. The tube 102 may form the body of the UV generator 100. The tube 102 may be configured to protect components of the UV generator 100 contained within the tube 102. The tube 102 may be of any size capable of protecting components of the UV generator 100 located within the tube 102. Although the tube 102 is shown as cylindrical, this is only one such embodiment of the tube 102, and therefore the tube 102 may be of any shape capable of protecting components of the UV generator 100 located within the tube 102.

[0049] Tube 102 may include titanium (Ti). Compared to other materials, tube 102 comprising titanium has the advantages of producing corrosion-resistant, high-quality, lightweight, and high-strength tubes. Furthermore, tube 102 comprising titanium eliminates the need for both plastic (e.g., HDPE) and stainless steel types for the cavity, thereby reducing product variation and increasing the volume of each part. However, it should be understood that tube 102 may be formed from materials other than titanium. Minimal processing and / or machining are performed on tube 102, thus keeping the complexity and cost associated with tube manufacturing relatively low.

[0050] refer to Figures 2A to 2B The UV generator 100 may include a UV lamp 116. The UV lamp 116 may include a hollow conduit 118. The hollow conduit 118 may include a UV-transparent material. For example, the hollow conduit 118 may include quartz. Quartz can be transparent to both UV and visible light and has some physical properties similar to glass. The hollow conduit 118 may be sealed at both ends, where the electrical connector 117 (see...) Figure 6The light extends through the seal 119 into the hollow conduit 118. The hollow conduit 118 may be filled with a gas known for generating UV light when excited by a sufficient current from an electrical connection. Non-limiting examples of gases that may fill the hollow conduit 118 include inert gases such as argon, neon, xenon, etc. Thus, when current passes through the gas in the hollow conduit 118, UV light is generated in the UV lamp 116. In some non-limiting embodiments, the UV generator 100 may include a plurality of UV lamps 116, such as… Figure 16B As shown.

[0051] UV generator 100 may include a secondary tube 125. In some non-limiting embodiments, the secondary tube 125 may include a UV-transparent material, such as quartz. The secondary tube 125 may have a liquid-tight seal. Therefore, the secondary tube 125 may be positioned and configured to protect the UV lamp 116 and its electrical connections 117. In some non-limiting embodiments, UV generator 100 may include a plurality of secondary tubes 125, such as… Figure 16B As shown.

[0052] In some non-limiting embodiments, the inner surface 121 of tube 102 may be treated to facilitate an advanced oxidation process (AOP) in conjunction with UV light, thereby increasing the efficiency of fluid handling. In some non-limiting embodiments, the inner surface 121 of tube 102 may include an internal coating 122. For example, the internal coating 122 may include a titanium dioxide coating. In some embodiments, the internal coating 122 is a titanium dioxide coating that can provide a photocatalytic effect when UV light reacts on the titanium dioxide coating, producing a photocatalytic oxidation reaction to oxidize and destroy organic pollutants. Non-limiting examples of anatase titanium dioxide coatings and / or methods for using internal coating 122 are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 9,492,810B2, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0053] In some non-limiting embodiments, the UV generator 100 can be configured to be mounted vertically or horizontally. For example, the UV generator 100 can be configured to be mounted horizontally, such as... Figures 1 to 2B As shown. The UV generator 100 may include pipe clamps 114, such as a plurality of pipe clamps 114. The pipe clamps 114 (such as a plurality of pipe clamps 114) may be positioned on the pipe 102, the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110 (such as positioned around the pipe 102, the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110) and are configured to mount and secure the UV generator 100 to a surface. In addition to horizontal mounting or as an alternative to horizontal mounting, the UV generator 100 may be configured for vertical mounting, such as... Figures 3A to 3DAs shown. If configured for vertical mounting, one or both of the first end cap 108 and the second end cap 110 may include mounting foot surfaces 124. The mounting foot surfaces 124 on one or both of the first end cap 108 and the second end cap 110 may be configured to mount and secure the UV generator 100 to the surface.

[0054] The UV generator 100 may have a height H. The height H of the UV generator 100 may depend on the use and / or installation method of the UV generator 100. In some non-limiting embodiments, if the UV generator 100 is to be installed vertically, the UV generator may have a height H of less than 2m or less than 1.5m. For example, a vertically installed UV generator 100 may have a height H in the range of 0.5m to 2.0m or 0.75m to 1.5m.

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 10A and Figure 16A As shown, the UV generator 100 may include a first end cap 108 coupled to a first end 104 of the tube 102 and a second end cap 110 coupled to a second end 106 of the tube 102. The end caps 108 and 110 may each be independently molded end caps or end cap assemblies 200. The end caps 108 and 110 may be configured to receive certain components of the UV generator 100, such as more complex features and / or geometries. For example, the end caps 108 and 110 may receive components such as, but not limited to, exhaust / vent ports, assembly / positioning pins, sensor ports, CIP ports, etc. In one such example, one or both of the end caps 108 and 110 may be configured to receive a UV sensor 112. In some non-limiting embodiments, the UV sensor 112 may be positioned on the tube 102, such as... Figures 23 to 24 As shown.

[0056] The first end cap 108 may include a first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109, and the second end cap 110 may include a second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111. The first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 can each be used independently as a fluid inlet or outlet of the UV generator 100. In this respect, one of the first end cap inlet / outlet 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet 111 can be used as an inlet to supply fluid from an external fluid source to the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102, and the other of the first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 can be used as an outlet to remove fluid from the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 back to the same or a different external fluid source. The internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 can be defined as a region inside the tube 102 and outside the secondary tube 125 (or, if the secondary tube 125 is absent, the hollow conduit 118).

[0057] refer to Figures 1 to 4 End caps 108 and 110 may be molded end caps. As used herein, a "molded" end cap means an end cap formed using one or more molding processes. Molded end caps may have the benefit of reducing the complexity and cost associated with producing end caps 108 and 110. Molded end caps 108 and 110 may be formed substantially of a plastic material. Non-limiting examples of plastic materials that can be used to form molded end caps 108 and 110 include, but are not limited to, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polypropylene (PP), etc. A UV generator 100 comprising a titanium-containing tube 102 and end caps 108 and 110 comprising HDPE / CPVC / PP produces a high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and high-quality UV generator 100. However, in alternative embodiments, end caps 108 and 110 may be formed and / or constructed substantially of one or more non-plastic materials, including but not limited to cast titanium.

[0058] refer to Figures 3A to 3D The UV generator 100 offers multiple inlet / outlet process connections and orientation options with identical components. Figure 3A In this configuration, the first end cap 108 and the second end cap 110 are oriented such that the first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 are oriented in the same direction; that is, at 0° relative to the central axis B of the UV generator 100. Figure 3B In this configuration, one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 can be rotated 90°, such that the first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 are oriented 90° relative to the central axis B. Figure 3C In this configuration, one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 can be rotated 180°, such that the first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 are oriented 180° relative to the central axis B. Figure 3D In this configuration, the inlet / outlet opening 111 of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap can be rotated 270°, such that the first end cap inlet / outlet opening 109 and the second end cap inlet / outlet opening 111 are oriented 270° (or 90° from another direction) relative to the central axis B. In this respect, the UV generator 100 can be configured to allow adjustment of the relative alignment of the first end cap 108 and the second end cap 110. The rotation of the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 111 can be clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0059] In this regard, in some non-limiting embodiments, the invention also includes a method. This method may include a means of facilitating fluid handling. In some non-limiting embodiments, the method may include changing the relative alignment of the UV generator 100. The “relative alignment” of the UV generator 100 refers to the directional positioning of the inlet / outlet opening of one end cap relative to the inlet / outlet opening of another end cap relative to the central axis B. The ability to adjust the relative alignment of the UV generator 100 has the following benefits: it allows for changing the directional positioning of each end cap, such that the inlet / outlet opening of the end cap can be connected to an external conduit. This method of adjusting the relative alignment of the UV generator 100 allows for rapid adjustment of the directional positioning of each inlet / outlet opening of the end cap, making it easy to connect to an external conduit. The method may include providing a UV generator 100 including a first end cap 108 and a second end cap 110. The first end cap 108 and the second end cap 110 of the UV generator may be in a first relative alignment. The first relative alignment can be a position where the inlet / outlet opening 109 of the first end cap 108 is positioned at 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270° (90° from another direction) relative to the central axis B, compared to the inlet / outlet opening 111 of the second end cap 110. Figures 3A to 3D As shown. One of the first end cap and the second end cap can be fluidly connected to the fluid source to be processed.

[0060] The method may further include providing instructions for adjusting the relative alignment of the UV generator 100, such as providing instructions for adjusting the UV generator 100 from a first relative alignment to a second relative alignment. For example, the method may include providing instructions to adjust the relative alignment of the UV generator 100 by removing at least one end cap of a first end cap 108 or a second end cap 110 from the tube 102 of the UV generator 100 and securing the removed at least one end cap of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the tube 102 in a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment. The second relative alignment may be different from the first relative alignment. The second relative alignment may be a position where the inlet / outlet opening 109 of the first end cap 108 is positioned relative to the inlet / outlet opening 111 of the second end cap 110 at 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270° (90° from another direction). The instructions may also include providing instructions to remove at least one fastener 214 from the UV generator 100 and the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110. For example, at least one fastener 214 may be used to attach a first end cap 108 or a second end cap 110 to the UV generator 100 via at least one boss 216 on the tube 102 of the UV generator 100. The at least one fastener 214 may be removed such that the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 may be removed from the UV generator 100, for example, by removing the at least one fastener 214 from the at least one boss 216 of the UV generator 100. The instructions may also include providing instructions to reconnect at least one removed end cap of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the UV generator 100 by reconnecting at least one fastener 214 to at least one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 and at least one boss 216. The instructions may also include providing instructions to rotate the at least one end cap to be removed relative to the central axis B before reconnecting the at least one end cap to the UV generator 100, such as providing instructions to rotate the at least one end cap to be removed relative to the central axis B by 0°, or 90°, or 180°, or 270° before reconnecting the at least one end cap to the UV generator 100.

[0061] The method may further include following instructions to adjust the UV generator 100 from a first relative alignment to a second relative alignment. The method may also include removing at least one of a first end cap 108 or a second end cap 110 from the tube 102 of the UV generator 100. Removing at least one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 may include removing at least one fastener 214 from the UV generator 100 and the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110, such as by disengaging at least one fastener 214 from at least one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 and at least one boss 216 of the tube 102 of the UV generator 100. The method may further include rotating the removed at least one end cap of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 relative to the central axis B, such as rotating the removed at least one end cap of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 relative to the central axis B by 0°, or 90°, or 180°, or 270° (90° viewed from another direction). The method may further include securing at least one removed end cap from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the tube 102 with a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment. The method may also include reconnecting the at least one end cap removed from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the tube 102 with a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment. Reconnecting the at least one end cap removed from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the UV generator 100 with a second relative alignment may include reconnecting at least one fastener 214 to at least one boss 216 on the tube 102 of the UV generator 100 and the at least one removed end cap from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110.

[0062] In some non-limiting embodiments, the tube 102 may include at least one pin 128, such as a plurality of pins 128, extending outward from the outer surface of the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, the tube 102 may include at least four pins 128 on each of the first end 104 and / or the second end 106. Alternatively, the tube 102 may include a different number of pins 128. In some non-limiting embodiments, at least one pin 128 (such as a plurality of pins 128) may be threaded. In some non-limiting embodiments, the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110 may include at least one pin opening 126, such as a plurality of pin openings 126, located on the outer surface of the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110 and extending through the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110. At least one pin opening 126 (such as a plurality of pin openings 126) may be at least partially open so as not to form a complete shape, such that a pin 128 can be inserted into and positioned therein. The pin opening 126 can be positioned on the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110 in a position corresponding to the position of the pin 128 on the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102. Therefore, each pin 128 present on the end of the tube 102 can pass through and enter its corresponding pin opening 126, such that when the end caps 108, 110 are positioned on the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102, the pin 128 is positioned in the pin opening 126. A nut or other fastener can then pass through and be secured to the pin 128, thereby securing the end caps 108, 110 to the tube 102.

[0063] refer to Figures 5A to 6 , Figures 8 to 14 and Figures 16A to 24 In some non-limiting embodiments, the first end cap 108 and / or the second end cap 110 may be an end cap assembly 200. The end cap assembly 200 is at least partially removably attached to the respective ends 104, 106 of the tube 102. The end cap assembly 200 may include multiple end cap portions that combine to form the end cap assembly 200. For example, the end cap assembly may include at least one end cap portion, at least two end cap portions, or at least three end cap portions. At least one of the end cap portions of the end cap assembly may be removable relative to the other end cap portions. The end cap assembly 200 may include a first end cap portion 202, a second end cap portion 204, and a third end cap portion 206. Although the end cap assembly 200 shown in the figures depicts an end cap assembly with three end cap portions, it should be noted that the end cap assembly 200 may include complex combinations and / or numbers of end cap portions, with different features present or absent on some end cap portions, all within the scope of the end cap assembly 200.

[0064] End cap assemblies 200 (such as first end cap portion 202, second end cap portion 204, and third end cap portion 206) may include plastic materials. For example, first end cap portion 202, second end cap portion 204, and third end cap portion 206 may each independently include plastic materials such as HDPE, PVC, PP, etc. In some non-limiting embodiments, first end cap portion 202, second end cap portion 204, and third end cap portion 206 may each independently include plastic materials and / or other non-metallic materials. Alternatively, first end cap portion 202, second end cap portion 204, and third end cap portion 206 may each be formed and / or constructed substantially of one or more non-plastic materials (e.g., cast titanium).

[0065] End cap assembly 200 can be positioned on either or both of the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of tube 102. The first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206 can be positioned such that, relative to the other portions of end cap assembly 200, the first end cap portion 202 is positioned closest to tube 102 and the third end cap portion 206 is positioned furthest from tube 102. The first end cap portion 202 can be positioned closest to tube 102 relative to the other portions of end cap assembly 200. The first end cap portion 202 can have any shape such that it can be positioned on and / or over the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of tube 102. For example, the first end cap portion 202 can be circular. The first end cap portion 202 may include an opening 203. The opening 203 of the first end cap portion 202 may have a circumference larger than the outer circumference of tube 102. In this regard, by positioning the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102 within the opening 203 of the first end cap portion 202, such that the first end cap portion 202 rests on the boss 216, the first end cap portion 202 can be positioned over at least a portion of the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, the end 224 of the first end cap portion 202 that abuts with the second end cap portion 204 may be tapered, for example, tapered at a 45° angle. Alternatively, the end 224 of the first end cap portion 202 that abuts with the second end cap portion 204 may be flat, such that it is not tapered.

[0066] The second end cap portion 204 can be positioned further away from the tube 102 than the first end cap portion 202, but closer to the tube 102 than the third end cap portion 206. The second end cap portion 204 can have any shape such that it can be positioned on and / or above the first end cap portion 202 and the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102. For example, the second end cap portion 204 can be circular. The second end cap portion 204 may include an opening 205. The opening 205 of the second end cap portion 204 can have a circumference larger than the outer circumference of the tube 102. In this respect, by positioning the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102 within the opening 205 of the second end cap portion 204, the second end cap portion 204 can be positioned above at least a portion of the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102. In another embodiment, the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tube 102 are not positioned within the opening 205 of the second end cap portion 204, such that the second end cap portion 204 is connected to the first end cap portion 202 but does not accommodate a portion of the tube 102. One or both ends 226, 228 of the second end cap portion 204 may be tapered, for example, tapered at a 45° angle. Alternatively, one end 226, 228 of the second end cap portion 204 may be flat, such that one end 226, 228 or both ends are not tapered.

[0067] The second end cap portion 204 may include an inlet / outlet opening 208 extending from the second end cap portion 204. The inlet / outlet opening 208 can serve as a fluid inlet and / or fluid outlet for the UV generator 100. In this respect, the inlet / outlet opening 208 can serve as an inlet to supply fluid from an external fluid source to the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102, and / or as an outlet to remove fluid from the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 back to the same or a different external fluid source. Alternatively, the inlet / outlet opening 208 may be present on a different end cap portion. The inlet / outlet opening 208 may be located on the end cap assembly 200 such that it is flush with the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102. By making the inlet / outlet opening 208 flush with the internal chamber 123, the inlet / outlet opening 208 can operate without an air valve.

[0068] The inlet / outlet opening 208 may include a retaining plate 210 configured to help secure the inlet / outlet opening 208 to another surface, for example, to provide fluid communication between the inlet / outlet opening 208 and another surface. In some non-limiting embodiments, the retaining plate 210 may include a first plate portion 211 and a second plate portion 213. The first plate portion 211 and the second plate portion 213 may be coupled together, such as by fastening them together with fasteners. If the retaining plate 210 includes the first plate portion 211 and the second plate portion 213, the retaining plate may be coupled before or after mounting the UV generator 100, for example, fastened to the inlet / outlet opening 208.

[0069] The second end cap portion 204 may include a drain plug 215. The drain plug 215 may correspond to a drain hole 217 located on and passing through the outer surface of the second end cap portion 204. The drain plug 215 may be configured to seal the drain hole 217 when the drain plug is positioned in the drain hole 217, and to allow fluid to flow out of the drain hole 217 when the drain plug 215 is removed from the drain hole 217. In some non-limiting embodiments, the drain plug 215 and the drain hole 217 may be threaded. Alternatively, the drain plug 215 and the drain hole 217 may be located on an end cap portion different from the second end cap portion 204. An O-ring seal 219 may be positioned around the drain plug 215 and in the drain hole 217 to aid in sealing the drain hole 217.

[0070] Compared to the first end cap portion 202 and the second end cap portion 204, the third end cap portion 206 can be positioned further away from the tube 102. The third end cap portion 206 can have a shape that allows it to be positioned on and / or above the first end cap portion 202 and the second end cap portion 204. For example, the third end cap portion 206 can be circular.

[0071] The third end cap portion 206 may include an opening 207. The opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 may have a circumference smaller than the outer circumference of the tube 102, such that the third end cap portion 206 can be positioned on the first end cap portion 202 and the second end cap portion 204, but the first end 104 or the second end 106 of the tube 102 cannot be positioned within the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 may have a circumference larger than the outer circumference of the UV lamp 116, such that the UV lamp 116 can be removed from the tube 102 and moved out of the end cap assembly 200 via the opening 207 in the third end cap portion 206. The opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 may have a circumference larger than the outer circumference of the secondary tube 125, such that the secondary tube 125 can be removed from the tube 102 and moved out of the end cap assembly 200 via the opening 207 in the third end cap portion 206. The opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 can be configured to receive and accommodate the sealing device 120. In some non-limiting embodiments, the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 may be threaded. The circumference of the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 may be stepped, such that the circumference of the opening 207 varies at different locations on the third end cap portion 206. The end 230 of the third end cap portion 206 abutting the second end cap portion 204 may be tapered, for example, tapered at a 45° angle. Alternatively, the end 230 of the third end cap portion 206 abutting the second end cap portion 204 may be flat, such that the end 230 is not tapered. In some non-limiting embodiments, the third end cap portion 206 may include multiple openings 207, such as... Figure 20 As shown.

[0072] End cap assembly 200 can be coupled to a first end 104 and / or a second end 106 of tube 102. For example, a first end cap portion 202 can be coupled to the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of tube 102, a second end cap portion 204 can be coupled to the first end cap portion 202 (and optionally, coupled to the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of tube 102 if tube 102 extends sufficiently into the opening 205 of the second end cap portion 204), and a third end cap portion 206 can be coupled to the second end cap portion 204.

[0073] In some non-limiting embodiments, the end cap assembly 200 may be fastened to the tube 102. For example, a first end cap portion 202 may be fastened to the tube 102, a second end cap portion 204 may be fastened to the first end cap portion 202, and a third end cap portion 206 may be fastened to the second end cap portion 204. Each of the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206 may include at least one hole 218, such as a plurality of holes 218, extending from the outer surface of the portions 202, 204, 206 and configured to receive a fastener 214. The at least one hole 218 (such as a plurality of holes 218) may be spaced apart along the outer circumference of each of the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206. For example, the at least one hole 218 (such as a plurality of holes 218) may be located at the same position along the outer circumference of each of the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206, such that the holes 218 on each of the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206 are aligned in a line to receive the fastener 214. The holes 218 (such as a plurality of holes 218) on each portion 202, 204, 206 may be threaded. In some non-limiting embodiments, the first end cap portion 202 may include at least four holes 218, the second end cap portion 204 may include at least eight holes 218, wherein four holes 218 are positioned toward one end of the second end cap portion 218, and another four holes 218 are positioned toward the other end of the second end cap portion 218 and aligned with the first four holes 218, and the third end cap portion 206 may include at least four holes 218. Alternatively, each of the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206 may include a different number of holes 218. The fastener 214 may be any fastener capable of fitting into the holes 218 and securing each portion of the end cap assembly 200 to each other and to the tube 102. For example, the fastener 214 may be a metal fastener, such as a stainless steel A4 bolt 214.

[0074] The tube 102 may include at least one boss 216, such as a plurality of bosses 216. The bosses 216 may be positioned and spaced apart along the outer circumference of the tube 102 at the first end 104 and / or the second end 106, and in positions corresponding to the locations and spacing of the holes 218 in the first end cap portion 202, the second end cap portion 204, and the third end cap portion 206. The bosses 216 of the tube 102 may be configured to each receive a fastener 214 and facilitate securing the end cap assembly 200 to the tube 102. In some non-limiting embodiments, the tube 102 may include at least four bosses 216. Alternatively, the tube 102 may include some other number of bosses 216.

[0075] In some non-limiting embodiments, at least one nut 220 (such as a plurality of nuts 220) may each be positioned on the outer circumference of the second end cap portion 204. The nuts 220 (such as a plurality of nuts 220) may each be positioned such that one end of the nut is axially aligned with a hole 218 at one end of the second end cap portion 204, and the other end of the nut is axially aligned with a hole 218 at the other end of the second end cap portion 204. In this respect, a series of alignment holes 218 may be secured by two fasteners 214. For example, a first fastener 214 may be positioned through a hole 218 in the first end cap portion 202, through a hole 218 in the second end cap portion 204, and the end of the first fastener 214 is positioned in the nut 220. Then, a second fastener 214 may be positioned through a hole 218 on a third end cap portion 206, through a hole on the second end cap portion 204, and the end of the second fastener 214 is also positioned in the nut 220. This arrangement in… Figure 7 As shown in the image, for clarity, Figure 7 The end cap portion has been removed. Instead, a single fastener 214 can be used to fasten a series of alignment holes 218.

[0076] Similar to Figures 3A to 3D End cap assembly 200 may be positioned on a first end 104 and / or a second end 106 of tube 102 such that the inlet / outlet opening faces a particular direction. For example, end cap assembly 200 may be positioned on the first and / or second end 106 relative to the inlet / outlet opening on the end cap at the other end of tube 102 such that the inlet / outlet opening 208 is oriented at 0°, or 90°, or 180°, or 270° (90° from another direction) relative to the inlet / outlet opening of the end cap at the other end of tube 102. In this respect, the foregoing method may include providing a UV generator 100 including a first end cap 108 and a second end cap 110, wherein each end cap may be an end cap assembly 200 independently. If one or both of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 are end cap assemblies 200, the end cap assembly 200 may be removed, rotated, and / or reconnected to the UV generator 100 in the same or similar manner as if the end cap were not an end cap assembly 200.

[0077] The method may include providing instructions to adjust the relative alignment of the UV generator 100, such as providing instructions to adjust the UV generator 100 from a first relative alignment to a second relative alignment. For example, the method may include providing instructions to adjust the relative alignment of the UV generator 100 by removing at least one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 and securing the removed at least one end cap of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment. The instructions may also include reconnecting the removed at least one end cap of the first end cap or the second end cap to the tube 102 with the second relative alignment. If one or both of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 are end cap assemblies 200, the instructions may also include removing the at least one fastener 214 from the UV generator 100 by removing at least one boss 216 from the tube 102 of the UV generator 100 and removing at least one fastener 214 from the end cap assembly 200. For end cap assembly 200, this would include removing the at least one fastener 214 inserted through the at least one boss 216, but not necessarily removing the at least one fastener 214 inserted through the third end cap portion 206. This allows the third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204 to remain connected together, while also disconnecting the still-connected third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204 from the UV generator 100. This could also disconnect the first end cap portion 202 from both the UV generator 100 and the still-connected third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204. Alternatively, the at least one fastener 214 inserted through the third end cap portion 206 could also be removed to disconnect the third end cap portion 206 from the second end cap portion 204.

[0078] The instructions may also include reconnecting at least one fastener 214 to the first end cap portion 202, the still-connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 (or, in an alternative, disconnecting them), and reconnecting it to at least one boss 216 of the UV generator 100. The instructions may also include rotating the removed second end cap portion 204 or the still-connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 relative to the central axis B before reconnecting them back to the UV generator 100, such as providing instructions to rotate the removed second end cap portion 204 or the still-connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 relative to the central axis by 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270° before reconnecting them back to the UV generator 100.

[0079] The method may further include following instructions to adjust the UV generator 100 from a first relative alignment to a second relative alignment. The method may also include removing at least one of a first end cap 108 or a second end cap 110 from the tube 102 of the UV generator 100. If one or both of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 are end cap assemblies 200, removing at least one of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 may include removing the at least one fastener 214 from the UV generator 100 by removing at least one boss 216 on the tube 102 of the UV generator 100 and from the end cap assembly 200. For the end cap assembly 200, this would include removing at least one fastener 214 inserted through at least one boss 216, but not necessarily removing at least one fastener 214 inserted through the third end cap portion 206. This allows the third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204 to remain connected together, while also disengaging the third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204 from the UV generator 100. This also allows the first end cap portion 202 to be disengaged from both the UV generator 100 and the still connected third end cap portion 206 and the second end cap portion 204. Alternatively, at least one fastener 214 inserted through the third end cap portion 206 can also be removed to disengage the third end cap portion 206 from the second end cap portion 204.

[0080] The method may also include rotating the removed second end cap portion 204 or the still connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 relative to the central axis B, such as rotating the removed second end cap portion 204 or the still connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 relative to the central axis B by 0°, or 90°, or 180°, or 270° (90° when viewed from another direction).

[0081] The method may further include securing at least one removed end cap from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the UV generator 100 in a second relative alignment different from the first relative alignment. For example, the method may include reconnecting at least one removed end cap from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the tube 102 in a second relative alignment, such as reconnecting the removed connected third end cap portion 206 and second end cap portion 204 to the tube 102. If one or both of the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 are end cap assemblies 200, reconnecting at least one removed end cap from the first end cap 108 or the second end cap 110 to the UV generator 100 in a second relative alignment may include reconnecting at least one fastener 214 to the first end cap portion 202, reconnecting to the still connected second end cap portion 204 and third end cap portion 206 (or disconnecting in an alternative), and reconnecting to at least one boss 216 of the UV generator 100.

[0082] In some non-limiting embodiments, the end cap assembly 200 may include O-ring seals 212, such as a plurality of O-ring seals 212. The end cap assembly 200 may include at least one O-ring seal 212 positioned between at least one of the plurality of end cap portions. For example, the end cap assembly 200 may include an O-ring seal 212 between each end cap portion. The end cap assembly 200 may include a first O-ring seal 212 positioned between a first end cap portion 202 and a second end cap portion 204, and a second O-ring seal 212 positioned between the second end cap portion 204 and a third end cap portion 206. The combination of the O-ring seals 212 and fasteners 214 for securing the end cap assembly 200 has the additional benefit of being arranged in a statically compressed configuration (e.g., Figure 5B (As shown) Compression is applied directly to the O-ring seal 212, thereby forming a robust chamber seal arrangement. Additionally, the arrangement of fasteners 214 provides a continuous metallic reinforcement structure for the end cap assembly 200, forming a metal "skeleton" through the end cap assembly 200, primarily made of plastic or other non-metallic material. This metallic skeleton formed by the fastener arrangement 214 provides additional strength to the end cap assembly 200 and prevents failure of the end cap portions 202, 204, 206, while still allowing individual parts of the end cap assembly 200 to be removed individually for maintenance purposes. The multi-piece arrangement of the end cap assembly 200 also simplifies the molding of each plastic end cap portion 202, 204, 206, thereby reducing the complexity of tooling used to form the parts. This reduction in complexity reduces the chance of quality problems associated with the molding process and also lowers the cost of tooling itself. Furthermore, due to the reduction in the overall size and volume of the material, the cost of the entire end cap assembly 200 can be reduced compared to a monolithically molded end cap.

[0083] The multi-piece arrangement of the end cap assembly 200 also allows for easier overall maintenance of the UV generator 100, as fewer parts of the end cap assembly 200 need to be removed to access the inner surface 121 of the UV generator 100, including process connections to customer piping, such as... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown. Furthermore, the multi-piece arrangement of the end cap assembly 200 makes it easier to allow for future design changes and / or updates. For example, if the desired size or fittings of the UV lamp 116 used in the UV generator 100 need to be changed in the future, fewer parts of the multi-piece assembly 200 (in some cases, only one) need to be changed to accommodate the use of this alternative UV lamp 116. Similarly, if certain parts of the assembly have quality problems, those parts (or those parts) can be removed and replaced individually, saving time and costs associated with repairing the UV generator 100.

[0084] End cap assembly 200 allows access to the internal chamber 123 of tube 102 without removing the entire end cap assembly 200. For example, fastener 214 positioned through third end cap portion 206 can be removed without removing fastener 214 positioned through boss 216. This allows removal of third end cap portion 206 while maintaining first end cap portion 202 and second end cap portion 204 connected (e.g., fastened) to tube 102. Removal of the third end cap portion 206 allows access to the internal chamber 123 of tube 102. When the third end cap portion 206 is removed from end cap assembly 200, it can be replaced with a new third end cap portion 206a, such as... Figure 9 As shown. The new third end cap portion 206a can be the same as the third end cap portion 206, except that the inner circumference of the opening 207a can be larger or smaller than the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 to accommodate UV lamps 116 and / or secondary tubes 125 of different sizes.

[0085] like Figure 15 and Figures 20 to 21As shown, the UV generator 100 may include a sealing device 120 for sealing the tube 102, the secondary tube 125, and the UV lamp 116. The sealing device 120 may be a wedge-shaped sealing device and / or method for the quartz sleeve and the chamber body. Such a wedge-shaped sealing device and / or method is shown in U.S. Patent No. 10,541,503 B2, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The sealing device 120 may include a clamping ring 236. A first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be configured to be received by an opening 207 of a third end cap portion 206, and a second end 238 of the clamping ring 236 may be configured to receive a connector 242. The first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be externally threaded, and the second end 238 of the clamping ring 236 may be internally threaded. The clamping ring 236 may be coupled to an end of the secondary tube 125 and configured to secure the secondary tube 125 within the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102. The inner and / or outer circumference of the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may differ from the inner and / or outer circumference of the second end of the clamping ring 236. For example, the inner circumference of the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be larger than the outer circumference of the secondary tube 125, such that the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 can be positioned on and connected to the secondary tube 125. The outer circumference of the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be smaller than the circumference of the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206, such that the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 can be positioned in the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The inner circumference of both the first end 237 and the second end 238 of the clamping ring 236 may be larger than the outer circumference of the UV lamp 116, such that the UV lamp 116 can be removed from the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 by removing it through the clamping ring 236. The first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be tapered, for example, tapered at a 45° angle. Alternatively, the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236 may be flat, so that it is not tapered.

[0086] The sealing device 120 may include a primary O-ring seal 239. The primary O-ring seal 239 may have an outer circumference smaller than the inner circumference of the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236, such that the primary O-ring seal can be positioned within the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236. The inner circumference of the primary O-ring seal 239 may be larger than the outer circumference of the secondary tube 125, such that the primary O-ring seal 239 can be positioned around the secondary tube 125. Thus, the primary O-ring seal 239 provides a seal between the clamping ring 236 and the secondary tube 125. The sealing device may include a secondary O-ring seal 240. The secondary O-ring seal 240 may have an outer circumference smaller than the inner circumference of the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206, such that the secondary O-ring seal 240 can be positioned within the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The inner circumference of the secondary O-ring seal 240 may be larger than the outer circumference of the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236, so that the secondary O-ring seal 240 can be positioned around the first end 237 of the clamping ring 236. The secondary O-ring seal thus provides a seal between the clamping ring 236 and the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206.

[0087] The sealing device may include connector 242. In some non-limiting embodiments, connector 242 is a connector as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,944,840 B2, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A first end 243 of connector 242 may have an outer circumference smaller than the inner circumference of both the first end 237 and the second end 238 of clamping ring 238 and the inner circumference of secondary tube 125, such that connector 242 can be at least partially positioned within clamping ring 236 and secondary tube 125. The first end 243 of connector 242 may be coupled to UV lamp 116. For example, the first end 243 of connector 242 may be coupled (e.g., electrically coupled) to electrical connector 117 of UV lamp 116. A second end 244 of connector may be positioned outside clamping ring 236 and secondary tube 125 via a ridge 245 that abuts against the second end 238 of clamping ring 236. In some non-limiting embodiments, the sealing device 120 may include a third-stage O-ring seal 246. The third-stage O-ring seal 246 may be positioned between the clamping ring 236 and the connector 242, and provides a seal between the ridge 245 and the second end 238 of the clamping ring 236.

[0088] The sealing device 120 may include a clamping ring retainer 248. A first end 249 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be configured to be received by an opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206, and a second end 250 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be configured to receive a second end 244 of the connector 242. The outer circumference of the first end 249 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be smaller than the circumference of the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206, such that the clamping ring retainer 248 can be positioned within the opening 207. The first end 249 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be threaded. The inner circumference of the first end 249 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be larger than the outer circumference of the connector 242, including the ridge 245 and the outer circumference of the second end 238 of the clamping ring 236, such that the second end 244 and the ridge 245 of the connector 242 can pass through the clamping ring retainer 248. The inner circumference of the second end 250 of the clamping ring retainer 248 may be larger than the outer circumference of the second end 244 of the connector 242 but smaller than the circumference of the ridge 245, such that at least a portion of the second end 244 of the connector 242, and the ridge 245, abut against the inner surface of the second end 250 of the clamping ring retainer 248. The clamping ring retainer 248 may be configured to secure the connector 242 and the UV lamp 116 within the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102.

[0089] The sealing device 120 may include a plug 252. In some non-limiting embodiments, the plug 252 may be a plug as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,944,840 B2. The plug 252 may have a dimension larger than the inner circumference of the second end 250 of the clamping ring retainer 248, such that the plug 252 abuts against but does not enter the clamping ring retainer 248. The plug 252 may include a cutout 253 configured to receive the second end 244 of the connector 242. The plug 252 may be configured to protect the second end 244 of the connector 242 until the second end 244 is ready to be coupled to an external electrical connection.

[0090] The sealing device 120 of the present invention has the additional benefit of allowing the removal and / or replacement of the UV lamp 116 and / or the secondary tube 125 without removing the end cap assembly 200. For example, a method of removing and / or replacing the UV lamp 116 may include disengaging the clamping ring retainer 248 from the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The method may also include disengaging the connector 242 from the UV lamp 116. The method may further include removing the UV lamp 116 from the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 by removing the UV lamp 116 through the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 and through the clamping ring 236. The method may also include removing the plug 242 from the second end 244 of the connector 242 before disengaging the clamping ring retainer 248. The new UV lamp 116 can then replace the old UV lamp 116 by inserting the new UV lamp 116 through the opening 207 and the clamping ring 236, engaging the connector 242 to the electrical connection 117 of the UV lamp 116, and reconnecting the clamping ring retainer 248 back into the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The plug 252 can also be reconnected to the second end 244 of the connector 242. In this regard, a method for installing one or more UV lamps 116 in a UV generator 100 is provided. This method may include providing instructions to install one or more UV lamps 116 in the UV generator 100, such as instructions including steps opposite to those described above for removing the UV lamp 116. The method may also include inserting the UV lamp 116 through the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206 into the internal chamber 123 of the UV generator 100. The method may also include engaging the connector 242 to the UV lamp 116, such as engaging the connector 242 to the electrical connection 117 of the UV lamp 116. The method may further include coupling a clamping ring retainer 248 to an opening 207 of a third end cap portion 206. The method may also include coupling a plug 252 to a second end 244 of a connector 242.

[0091] The method of removing and / or replacing the secondary tube 125 may include the same steps as the method of removing and / or replacing the UV lamp 116. The method of removing and / or replacing the secondary tube 125 may also include disengaging the clamping ring 236 from the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The method may also include removing the secondary tube 125 from the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 by removing it through the opening 207 of the third end cap portion 206. The old secondary tube 125 can then be replaced with the new secondary tube 125 by inserting it through the opening 207 into the internal chamber 123 of the tube 102 and then engaging the clamping ring 236 back into the opening 207.

[0092] like Figure 13As shown, in some non-limiting embodiments, the UV generator 100 may include a mounting bracket 232. The UV generator 100 may include at least two mounting brackets 232, wherein at least one mounting bracket 232 is positioned at at least the ends 104, 106 of the tube 102. The mounting bracket 232 may include at least one bracket hole 234, for example, multiple bracket holes 234. The position and spacing of the bracket holes 234 on the mounting bracket 232 may correspond to the position and spacing of the holes 218 in the end cap assembly portions 202, 204, 206. In this respect, the mounting bracket 232 may be fastened to the UV generator 100 such that fasteners 214 pass through the bracket holes 234, thereby making the mounting bracket 232 part of the fastening structure of the end cap assembly 200. The mounting bracket 232 may include additional bracket holes 234 for mounting and attaching the UV generator 100 to an outer surface.

[0093] In some non-limiting embodiments, the UV generator 100 may include a plurality of UV lamps 116, such as Figures 16A to 23 The UV generator 100 may include, for example, at least two, at least three, or at least four UV lamps 116. The UV generator 100 may include a plurality of secondary tubes 125 such that each of the plurality of UV lamps 116 has a corresponding secondary tube 125. The UV generator 100 may include a plurality of sealing devices 120 such that each of the plurality of UV lamps 116 has a corresponding sealing device 120. If the UV generator 100 is to include a plurality of UV lamps 116, the tube 102 may be enlarged to appropriately accommodate the plurality of UV lamps 116. The end cap assembly 200 may also be enlarged to accommodate a larger size of the tube 102. The number of holes 218 and the number of bosses 216 on each portion 202, 204, 206 may be increased to provide a stronger securing arrangement for a larger UV generator 100. For example, the tube 102 may include at least four bosses 216, at least five bosses 216, or at least six bosses 216. The first end cap portion 202 and the third end cap portion 206 may include at least four holes 218, or at least five holes 218, or at least six holes 218. The second end cap portion 204 may include at least eight holes 218, or at least ten holes 218, or at least twelve holes spaced between its two ends. The third end cap portion 206 of the end cap assembly may include a plurality of openings 207 such that each of the plurality of UV lamps 116 has a corresponding opening 207 in the third end cap portion 207 for insertion and removal.

[0094] refer to Figure 16BThe UV generator 100 may include a wiping device 254. The wiping device 254 may be automatic or manual and is configured to clean the hollow conduit 118 of one or more UV lamps 116, the inner surface 121 of one or more secondary tubes 125, and / or tube 102. The wiping device 254 may include at least one wiping ring structure 256, which includes at least one wiping ring 258. In some non-limiting embodiments, the wiping device 254 may include multiple wiping ring structures 256, such that each wiping ring structure 256 only needs to clean a portion of the hollow conduit 118 or secondary tube 125 of the UV lamp 116. For example, the wiping device 254 may include at least two wiping ring structures 256. Each wiping ring structure 256 may include multiple wiping rings 258 corresponding to the number of UV lamps 116 present in the UV generator 100. Wiper ring 258 may include a rubber layer 260 on the inner surface of wiper ring 258, the rubber layer 260 contacting the hollow conduit 118 or secondary tube 125 of UV lamp 116. Each wiper ring structure 256 may be attached to a rod 262 spanning the length of tube 102. Alternatively, wiper ring structure 256 may be replaced by a structure including multiple metal wire brushes for cleaning the hollow conduit 118 or secondary tube 125 of UV lamp 116. Rod 262 may slide relative to tube 102 and UV lamp 116, such that (one or more) wiper rings 258 may pass back and forth over the hollow conduit 118 or secondary tube 125 of UV lamp 116. If wiper device 254 is manual, wiper device 254 may include a handle 264 allowing a user to operate wiper device 254.

[0095] like Figures 22 to 23 As shown, a UV sensor 112 can be positioned on tube 102 and within sensor port 270. A sensor window housing 272 can be positioned within sensor port 270. Sensor window housing 272 can be configured to receive the UV sensor 112 and provide an observation window, allowing the UV sensor 112 to be seen from within sensor window housing 272. A sensor O-ring seal 276 can be positioned around a first end 274 of sensor window housing 272 to provide a seal between sensor port 270 and sensor window housing 272. A first end 278 of UV sensor 112 can be positioned within sensor window housing 272, and a second end 280 of UV sensor 112 can be positioned outside sensor window housing 272. A ridge 282 of UV sensor 112 can abut against sensor window housing 272. A sensor cover 284 can be positioned over the second end 280 of UV sensor 112 and coupled to sensor window housing 272 to secure UV sensor 112 within sensor port 270.

[0096] like Figure 24 As shown, in some non-limiting embodiments, the system 300 for fluid inactivation or sterilization may include a tank or other reaction vessel 302 for containing or circulating fluid 304 to be processed by a standby UV radiation source. Fluid 304 in the tank or reaction vessel 302 may be transferred from different tanks or reaction vessels to the tank or reaction vessel 302. A UV generator 100 may be positioned within the tank and / or other reaction vessel 302 such that fluid 304 in the vessel can circulate through the UV generator 100 and be exposed to a sufficient dose of UV radiation. The inactivated / sterilized fluid 304 can then be transferred from the tank or reaction vessel to the outside, for example, to another tank or reaction vessel for a different process or to a filter.

[0097] Although the invention has been described in detail for illustrative purposes, based on embodiments currently considered to be the most practical and preferred, it should be understood that such detail is for that purpose only, and the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it should be understood that the invention contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.

Claims

1. An ultraviolet (UV) generator, comprising: A tube that forms the body of the UV generator, wherein the tube is made of titanium; A first end cap assembly is connected to a first end of the tube, wherein the first end cap assembly is formed by a first plurality of end cap portions; A second end cap assembly is connected to a second end of the tube opposite to the first end, wherein the second end cap assembly is formed by a second plurality of end cap portions; and At least one UV lamp extends between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly and is positioned within the internal cavity of the tube.

2. The UV generator according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of each of the respective first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly is removable relative to one or more other portions of the respective first end cap assembly and second end cap assembly.

3. The UV generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is connected to the tube by one or more fasteners.

4. The UV generator according to claim 3, wherein, The tube includes at least one boss extending from its outer surface, and said at least one boss is configured to receive said at least one fastener.

5. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising at least one O-ring seal positioned between at least one of the plurality of end cap portions of each of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

6. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, At least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly includes: A first end cap portion is connected to the tube; A second end cap portion, the second end cap portion including an inlet / outlet opening and connected to the first end cap portion; and The third end cap portion is connected to the second end cap portion.

7. The UV generator according to claim 6, wherein, The inlet / outlet opening of the second end cap portion is flush with the internal chamber of the tube.

8. The UV generator according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The third end cap portion is removable relative to the first end cap portion and the second end cap portion.

9. The UV generator according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein, The third end cap portion includes at least one opening configured to allow the at least one UV lamp to be removed from the internal chamber of the tube through the at least one opening of the third end cap portion.

10. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one secondary tube made of quartz, the at least one secondary tube being configured to surround the at least one UV lamp and extend between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly, and being positioned within an internal cavity of the tube.

11. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, At least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is capable of rotating at least partially relative to the tube.

12. The UV generator according to claim 11, wherein, The first end cap assembly is rotated 90° relative to the second end cap assembly.

13. The UV generator according to claim 11, wherein, The first end cap assembly is rotated 180° relative to the second end cap assembly.

14. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The first end cap assembly is formed of at least one plastic material, and the second end cap assembly is formed of at least one plastic material.

15. The UV generator according to claim 14, wherein, At least one of the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly is formed of at least one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) or polypropylene (PP).

16. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The UV generator is configured to be able to be installed vertically and horizontally.

17. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The inner surface of the tube includes an internal coating.

18. The UV generator according to claim 17, wherein, The internal coating includes a titanium dioxide coating.

19. The UV generator according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, The at least one UV lamp includes a plurality of UV lamps extending between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

20. The UV generator of claim 19 further includes a plurality of secondary tubes comprising quartz, wherein each secondary tube surrounds a corresponding UV lamp of the plurality of UV lamps and extends between the first end cap assembly and the second end cap assembly.

21. A method comprising: A UV generator is provided, the UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are in a first opposing alignment, and one of the first end cap and the second end cap is fluidly connected to a fluid source to be processed; and Instructions are provided to adjust the first relative alignment to the second relative alignment through the following steps: - Remove at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap from the tube of the UV generator; and - Secure the removed end cap of the first end cap or the second end cap to the tube with a second relative alignment that is different from the first relative alignment.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising an instruction to install one or more UV lamps in the UV generator.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein, The instructions also include: In the second relative alignment, at least one of the removed end caps, either the first or the second end cap, is reconnected to the tube.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein, The instructions also include: Rotate at least one of the first end cap or the second end cap relative to the central axis of the UV generator.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein, The instructions also include: Rotate at least one of the first end caps or the second end caps by 90° relative to the central axis.

26. The method according to claim 24, wherein, The instructions also include: Rotate at least one of the first end caps or the second end caps 180° relative to the central axis.

27. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein, At least one of the first end caps or the second end caps includes an end cap assembly.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, The instructions also include: Remove at least one boss from the tube of the UV generator and at least one fastener from the end cap assembly.

29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, wherein, The instructions also include: Remove the second and third end cap portions of the end cap assembly from the tube and from the first end cap portion of the end cap assembly.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The instructions also include: Under the second relative alignment, the second end cap portion and the third end cap portion of the end cap assembly are reconnected to the tube and the first end cap portion.

31. A method comprising: A UV generator is provided, the UV generator including a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein at least one of the first end cap and the second end cap is rotatable at least partially relative to the central axis of the UV generator, the first end cap being fluidly connected to a first tube, and the second end cap being fluidly connected to a second tube. and The alignment of at least one of the first end caps and the second end caps is reconfigured by rotating at least one of the first end caps and the second end caps based on the position of at least one of the first tubes and the second tubes.

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