Tobacco leaf picking component considering walking characteristics of self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf picking equipment, and discloses a tobacco leaf picking component considering walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle, which comprises a chain wheel, a chain, a layering device, an upper sheet metal part, a lower sheet metal part, a picking finger, a lead screw and a tensioning component. The device can be hung on a hanging rack of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle, and the picking component is driven by the motor to achieve tobacco leaf picking. The walking speed of the picking vehicle is considered in the picking process, the picking speed of the picking component can be adjusted by the motor to be matched with the walking speed of the machine, the finally synthesized picking speed is vertically downward, and the moving process is more similar to the manual picking effect. The tobacco leaf picking device can reduce the breakage rate and the missing picking rate of tobacco plants in the mechanical tobacco leaf picking process, and tobacco leaves growing spirally around tobacco stems can be picked conveniently. Wherein the layering device can layer leaves with different maturity degrees according to the growth positions of tobacco leaves, and can also assist tobacco plants with inclined growth vigor in entering a working area of the layering device, so that the tobacco plants with different growth states can be picked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf picking equipment, and relates to a tobacco leaf picking component that takes into account the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco leaf harvesting is a crucial step in tobacco production. Traditional manual harvesting offers advantages such as high flexibility and low breakage rate, but it is labor-intensive, inefficient, and extremely costly for tobacco farmers. Furthermore, tobacco leaves mature in the sweltering summer, and the densely packed tobacco fields create harsh working conditions. Currently, existing mechanized tobacco harvesting systems in my country have a high breakage rate and cannot replace manual harvesting. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a tobacco harvesting system to address the challenges of mechanized harvesting in my country and alleviate the burden on tobacco farmers.

[0003] Tobacco leaves grow around the tobacco stem and mature sequentially from bottom to top. Tobacco farmers need to harvest the leaves in batches according to different seasons and the growth status of the leaves, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, when harvesting tobacco leaves mechanically, special care must be taken to control the damage rate of the leaves and to protect the immature upper leaves to avoid scratching the tobacco stem during harvesting, which would affect the transport of nutrients from the tobacco plant. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a tobacco harvesting component that takes into account the mobility characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle. This invention can be mounted on the suspension frame of a self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle, and the harvesting component is driven by a motor to harvest tobacco leaves. It can achieve layered harvesting from bottom to top according to the maturity pattern of tobacco leaves, protecting immature upper leaves and meeting agronomic requirements.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] A tobacco picking component that takes into account the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco picking vehicle incorporates the walking speed of the picking vehicle into the picking process. The motor adjusts the picking speed of the picking component to match the walking speed of the machine. The final combined picking speed is vertically downward, and the movement process is more similar to the effect of manual picking, with a lower damage rate and a lower missed picking rate.

[0007] The tobacco leaf picking component mainly consists of a sprocket, chain, separator, sheet metal partition plate, picking fingers, lead screw and tensioning components;

[0008] The harvesting component has a symmetrical triangular structure and uses chain drive as its transmission method. It is mounted on the suspension frame via T-shaped steel pipes and U-shaped clamps. The harvesting component on one side has a triangular structure and mainly consists of two sheet metal partition plates holding three sprockets. The sprocket on the outer side of the harvesting component is the driving sprocket, and the two sprockets closer to the harvesting working area are the driven sprockets. The chain is wrapped around the three sprockets, and the harvesting working area is located on the tight side of the chain. A tensioning mechanism is installed at the position of the driving sprocket on the upper sheet metal partition plate to adjust the chain tension. The sheet metal partition plate on the harvesting component has a certain angle with the horizontal ground.

[0009] The harvesting component is fixedly connected to the suspension frame by a screw. One end of the screw is fixed to the sheet metal partition plate, and the other end passes through the T-shaped steel pipe.

[0010] The U-shaped clamp has a hole and is clamped onto the crossbeam of the suspension frame. One end of the T-shaped steel pipe passes through the hole and is fixed with bolts. The front and rear positions of the harvesting component can be moved by adjusting the bolts.

[0011] The end of the picking finger is alternately welded and fixed to the outer link of the chain; the inner core of the picking finger is mainly made of metal; the outer shell of the picking finger is made of TPU material. The inner core and the outer shell of the picking finger are connected by bolts. During the operation, the outer shell of the picking finger comes into contact with the tobacco leaf and continuously applies downward force, causing the tobacco leaf to break off from the stem-leaf connection point, so as to complete the picking of the tobacco leaf.

[0012] The layering device is triangular in shape and reinforced with steel bars on its outer edge. It is fixed to the front end of the sheet metal partition plate. The surface of the layering device is parallel to the ground. It guides mature tobacco leaves to the picking area and separates immature parts above the picking components, thereby achieving layered harvesting of tobacco leaves at different maturity levels.

[0013] Furthermore, the picking fingers are designed to mimic the shape formed by the index finger and thumb during manual picking; three pairs of flexible picking fingers form closed channels that encircle the tobacco plant stems and move obliquely downwards along the chain; different types of picking fingers can be replaced according to the tobacco plant variety and stem thickness, and the closed channels are closely connected, with a continuous trajectory, so that no tobacco leaves are missed.

[0014] Furthermore, the travel speed of the self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle is taken into account during the harvesting process. The harvesting speed of the harvesting components changes according to the vehicle speed; the speeds of the harvesting components and the harvesting vehicle satisfy the following formula: ;

[0015] In the formula: The speed of the picking fingers is the speed of the picking components, in m / s. The speed of the picking vehicle is expressed in km / h. The angle at which the picking component is installed is in degrees.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention: Addressing the problem of high damage and missed harvest rates in mechanized tobacco harvesting, this invention designs a tobacco leaf harvesting component primarily targeting the middle and lower parts of the tobacco plant by simulating the manual harvesting process. It can be mounted on the suspension frame of a self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle. By adjusting the harvesting speed of the vehicle, the harvesting speed of the component can be changed, reducing the damage and missed harvest rates during mechanized tobacco harvesting and facilitating the harvesting of tobacco leaves that grow spirally around the stalk. The stratifier can separate leaves of different maturity levels based on their growth position and can also assist misaligned tobacco plants in entering their working area, enabling the harvesting of tobacco plants at different growth stages. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the harvesting components on a self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the harvesting component structure and harvesting principle.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the harvesting component.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the harvesting components and the frame of the harvesting vehicle.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning component in the harvesting unit.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the picking finger structure of a harvester component.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the DC motor, commutator, and telescopic rod in the harvesting component.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the picking component, specifically the picking of environmentally friendly tobacco plants.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the layering device installation in the harvesting mechanism.

[0026] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating how the layering device of the harvesting mechanism helps the skewed tobacco stalks enter the working area.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the harvesting components.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing tobacco plants leaving the work area.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Tensioning component; 2. Upper sheet metal partition plate; 3. Lower sheet metal partition plate; 4. Picking finger; 5. Chain; 6. Drive wheel; 7. Lead screw; 8. Driven sprocket; 9. Layering device; 10. T-shaped steel pipe; 11. U-shaped clamp; 12. Tobacco stem; V1: Traveling speed of the self-propelled picking cart; V2: Chain rotation speed of the picking mechanism; V3: Combined speed of the picking mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0031] See Figure 2 , 3 9. In this embodiment, a tobacco picking component considering the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco picking vehicle is provided. It mainly consists of a tensioning component 1, an upper sheet metal partition plate 2, a lower sheet metal partition plate 3, picking fingers 4, a chain 5, a drive wheel 6, a lead screw 7, a driven sprocket 8, and a layering device 9. The layering device 9 is installed in front of the upper sheet metal partition plate 2 and fixed with bolts. It guides the tobacco plants in the picking area into the working area and transports immature tobacco leaves to the top of the picking component to achieve layering of tobacco leaves. It can also help straighten tobacco plants that are growing crookedly. The picking component can be installed on both sides of the suspension frame through the lead screw 7 and fixed to the U-shaped clamp 11 through the T-shaped tube 10. The overall position of the picking component can be adjusted up and down, and the overall installation angle of the picking component can also be adjusted. The servo motor directly transmits power to the drive wheel 6 to achieve forced synchronization of the two sprockets and simultaneously control the speed of both sides.

[0032] See Figure 2 , 3 In this embodiment, a harvesting component is provided. The harvesting component transmits power via chain drive, using a 08B chain and three sprockets with 15 teeth. The working area of ​​the harvesting component is located on the tight side of the chain. Harvesting fingers 4 are welded to the outer chain links, and the harvesting fingers on both sides circulate with the chain 5. The sprockets are clamped and fixed on both sides using upper sheet metal partition plates 2 and lower sheet metal partition plates 3. The telescopic rod is directly connected to the drive wheel 6, transmitting power to the drive wheel 6. The T-tube 10 is fastened to the lead screw 7 with bolts for installing the harvesting component. The tensioning mechanism 1 is installed above the drive wheel, and the chain is tensioned by adjusting the tightness of the bolts.

[0033] See Figure 10 This embodiment provides a schematic diagram of a layering device assisting in the entry of tilted tobacco stalks into the working area. Tobacco stalks may grow at an angle under adverse conditions such as strong winds and heavy rain. When work begins, the harvesting vehicle moves forward along the tobacco rows, aligning with the tobacco stalks. The layering device 9 straightens the tilted stalks and guides the stalks within the harvesting area into the working area, conveying immature tobacco leaves above the harvesting mechanism, thus achieving layered harvesting of the tobacco leaves.

[0034] See Figure 2 , 8 10, 11. In this embodiment, the working process and working principle of the picking component are provided. When the tobacco plants are layered by the layerer 9, the tobacco plants in the appropriate range are guided into the working area. The picking fingers 4 in the picking component continuously cycle with the chain 5, and the two picking fingers 4 cooperate with each other to form a closed channel to hug the tobacco plant 12. The traveling speed V1 of the self-propelled tobacco picking vehicle is matched with the rotational speed V2 of the sprocket. After the speed is synthesized by the parallelogram law, the channel formed by the picking fingers 4 can be considered to have a vertical downward speed V3. Then the picking fingers come into contact with the tobacco leaves and continuously apply downward force to pick the tobacco leaves, thus achieving the picking purpose. Due to the speed matching, the tobacco stem will not be violently pulled by the picking mechanism, nor will the speed be too slow, resulting in the picking mechanism being unable to completely pick the tobacco plants.

[0035] See Figure 12 In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of the tobacco plant leaving the picking component is provided. After the tobacco plant is picked, it exits the working area. Due to the speed matching, the tobacco plant can exit the working area without any obstacles, reducing the damage to the tobacco stem caused by the picking mechanism.

Claims

1. A tobacco leaf picking component considering the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle, characterized in that, The tobacco leaf picking component mainly consists of sprockets, chains, separators, sheet metal partitions, picking fingers, lead screws, and tensioning components. The harvesting component has a symmetrical triangular structure and uses chain drive as its transmission method. It is mounted on the suspension frame via T-shaped steel pipes and U-shaped clamps. The harvesting component on one side has a triangular structure and mainly consists of two sheet metal partition plates holding three sprockets. The sprocket on the outer side of the harvesting component is the driving sprocket, and the two sprockets closer to the harvesting working area are the driven sprockets. The chain is wrapped around the three sprockets, and the harvesting working area is located on the tight side of the chain. A tensioning mechanism is installed at the position of the driving sprocket on the upper sheet metal partition plate to adjust the chain tension. The sheet metal partition plate on the harvesting component has a certain angle with the horizontal ground. The harvesting component is fixedly connected to the suspension frame by a screw. One end of the screw is fixed to the sheet metal partition plate, and the other end passes through the T-shaped steel pipe. The U-shaped clamp has a hole and is clamped onto the crossbeam of the suspension frame. One end of the T-shaped steel pipe passes through the hole and is fixed with bolts. The front and rear positions of the harvesting component can be moved by adjusting the bolts. The end of the picking finger is alternately welded and fixed to the outer link of the chain; the inner core of the picking finger is mainly made of metal; the outer shell of the picking finger is made of TPU material. The inner core and the outer shell of the picking finger are connected by bolts. During the operation, the outer shell of the picking finger comes into contact with the tobacco leaf and continuously applies downward force, causing the tobacco leaf to break off from the stem-leaf connection point, so as to complete the picking of the tobacco leaf. The layering device is triangular in shape and reinforced with steel bars on its outer edge. It is fixed to the front end of the sheet metal partition plate. The surface of the layering device is parallel to the ground. It guides mature tobacco leaves to the picking area and separates immature parts above the picking components, thereby achieving layered harvesting of tobacco leaves at different maturity levels.

2. The tobacco leaf picking component considering the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The picking fingers are designed to mimic the shape of the index finger and thumb used in manual picking. Three pairs of flexible picking fingers form a closed channel that hugs the tobacco plant stem and moves obliquely downward along the chain. Different types of picking fingers can be replaced depending on the tobacco variety and stem thickness. The closed channels are closely connected and the trajectory is continuous, preventing any tobacco leaves from being missed.

3. The tobacco leaf picking component considering the walking characteristics of a self-propelled tobacco leaf picking vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Taking the travel speed of the self-propelled tobacco harvesting vehicle into account during the harvesting process, the harvesting speed of the harvesting components changes according to the vehicle speed; the speed of the harvesting components and the travel speed of the harvesting vehicle satisfy the following formula: ; In the formula: The speed of the picking fingers under the condition of speed matching of the picking components, in m / s; The speed of the picking vehicle is expressed in km / h. The angle at which the picking component is installed is in degrees.

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