Method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting cultivation of peach trees in advance

Abstract

The invention provides a peach tree artificial dormancy breaking and early forcing cultivation method, and relates to the field of agricultural cultivation. The artificial dormancy-breaking and early-promoting cultivation method for the peach trees comprises the following specific cultivation methods: step 1, selecting high-quality peach tree seedlings, maintaining a low-temperature environment of 4 DEG C or below in August, enabling the accumulated dormancy time to reach 40-50 days, and spraying 5% seaweed extract at the top ends of young sprouts to promote bud activation; 2, in the middle ten days of August, leaves are removed, water is controlled, growth is forcibly terminated, a 5% humic acid solution is sprayed after leaf picking to enhance stress resistance, a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50% is erected at the beginning of September, and the daytime temperature is reduced by 3-5 DEG C; 3, a daytime covering and night uncovering method is adopted, wherein a heat preservation quilt and a straw mat are covered in the daytime for blocking and heating. Under the condition that the climate becomes warm and the requirement for advanced cultivation of the peach trees cannot be met only through the day and night temperature difference, physical cooling is conducted on the tree disks through a physical method, resources can be reused through crushed ice, and the problem that the cost of the physical method is high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing technology, the climate conditions in the Hexi Corridor region of Gansu are excellent, making it suitable for the widespread cultivation of peach trees. However, peach tree cultivation requires artificial methods to break dormancy and promote early planting. Traditional artificial methods are divided into physical and chemical methods. Physical methods involve physical cooling or transplanting peach trees into low-temperature chambers for temperature control, which is costly and not suitable for large-scale peach tree cultivation. Chemical methods, on the other hand, have a limited range of methods for promoting peach tree growth and may pose chemical safety concerns. Therefore, traditional methods are not efficient in breaking dormancy and promoting early planting of peach trees, and are therefore inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees, which solves the problem that traditional methods are inconvenient for efficiently breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees.

[0004] Technical solution

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees, comprising the following specific cultivation methods: Step 1: Select high-quality peach seedlings. In August, maintain a low temperature environment below 4℃ and accumulate a dormancy period of 40-50 days. Spray the tips of new shoots with 5% seaweed extract to promote bud activation. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce daytime temperature by 3-5℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the greenhouse film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling at night when the temperature drops below 10℃, and continue for 30 to 40 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 15-20 days. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, dot it on the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. Spray ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. Spray the whole plant until it drips. Step 5: Maintain daytime temperature for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 60-70%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds and retain fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm.

[0006] Preferably, in step three, covering during the day and uncovering at night can increase the effective cold energy accumulation by 40%.

[0007] Preferably, the cost in step four is only 1 / 5 of that in cold storage processing.

[0008] Preferably, in step five, the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-18℃ and the nighttime temperature at 5-8℃ for three days after spraying.

[0009] Preferably, in step four, the spraying amounts of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution are 20% calcium cyanamide supernatant and 10% ammonium nitrate solution, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, irrigation is stopped 48 hours before spraying in steps one, three, four and five to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water and polluting it. The heavy metal content is measured monthly, with a focus on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

[0011] Preferably, the peach seedlings are grown in a potting mix composed of river sand, topsoil, and well-rotted cow manure in a ratio of 1:1:1. Beneficial effects

[0012] This invention provides a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees. It has the following beneficial effects: This invention maintains a low-temperature environment in the root zone for 15-20 days by laying a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and straw covering around the tree base in late October. It employs a day-cover-night-uncover method: during the day, the tree is covered with an insulating blanket and straw mat to prevent overheating, and at night, the plastic film is uncovered to utilize the natural low temperature. In today's climate of global warming, where the diurnal temperature difference alone is insufficient to meet the needs of early forcing cultivation of peach trees, this invention achieves physical cooling of the tree base through a physical method. Furthermore, the use of crushed ice allows for resource reuse and solves the problem of high costs associated with physical methods.

[0013] This invention maintains a low-temperature environment in the root zone by laying a thick layer of crushed ice and covering it with straw in the tree basin, spraying calcium cyanamide supernatant, applying it to the fruiting branch buds, avoiding the main trunk bark, and spraying ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. This structure combines traditional physical methods with the spraying of chemical agents, which can improve the dormancy breaking and forcing cultivation effect of peach trees. The combination of the two effectively improves the forcing rate.

[0014] This invention prevents pesticides from seeping into the soil and polluting it by stopping irrigation 48 hours before spraying in steps one, three, four, and five. It also monitors heavy metal content, with a focus on arsenic and lead levels, monthly. This improves the detection and protection against the harmful effects of chemical pesticides on the soil, preventing chemical corrosion and thus protecting peach tree growth. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1:

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees, including the following specific cultivation methods: Step 1: Select high-quality Longmi No. 9 peach seedlings. In August, maintain a low temperature environment below 4℃ and accumulate a dormancy period of 50 days. Spray the tips of new shoots with 5% seaweed extract to promote bud activation. The peach seedlings are made of potting soil composed of river sand: topsoil: well-rotted cow manure = 1:1:1. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce the daytime temperature by 5℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling at night when the temperature drops below 10℃, and continue for 40 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. The day-cover-night-uncover method can increase the effective cooling accumulation by 40%. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 20 days. The cost is only 1 / 5 of that of cold storage treatment. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, spot-applying it to the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. Spray ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. The spraying amounts of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution are 20% and 10% respectively. Spray the entire plant until it drips. Step 5: Maintain a daytime temperature of 18℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8℃ for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 70%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds, leaving fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm. Stop irrigation 48 hours before spraying to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water and contaminating it. Measure the heavy metal content monthly, focusing on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

[0019] Example 2:

[0020] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: A method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees includes the following specific cultivation methods: Step 1: Select high-quality Zhongyou No. 4 peach seedlings. In August, maintain a low temperature environment below 4℃ and accumulate a dormancy period of 45 days. Spray the tips of new shoots with 5% seaweed extract to promote bud activation. The peach seedlings are made of potting soil composed of river sand: topsoil: well-rotted cow manure = 1:1:1. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce the daytime temperature by 4℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling at night when the temperature drops below 10℃, and continue for 35 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. The day-cover-night-uncover method can increase the effective cooling accumulation by 40%. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 17 days. The cost is only 1 / 5 of that of cold storage treatment. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, spot-applying it to the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. After a 7-day interval with the calcium cyanamide, spray the ammonium nitrate solution. The spraying amounts of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution are 20% and 10% respectively. Spray the entire plant until it drips. Step 5: Maintain a daytime temperature of 16℃ and a nighttime temperature of 6℃ for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 65%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds, leaving fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm. Stop irrigation 48 hours before spraying to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water and contaminating it. Measure the heavy metal content monthly, focusing on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

[0021] Example 3:

[0022] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees includes the following specific cultivation methods: Step 1: Select high-quality peach tree seedlings. In August, the temperature should be kept below 4℃. The cumulative dormancy time should reach 40 days. Spray 5% seaweed extract at the tip of the new shoots to promote bud activation. The peach tree seedlings should be planted with a potting soil composed of river sand, topsoil and well-rotted cow manure in a ratio of 1:1:1. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce the daytime temperature by 3℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling at night when the temperature drops below 10℃, and continue for 30 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. The day-cover-night-uncover method can increase the effective cooling accumulation by 40%. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 15 days. The cost is only 1 / 5 of that of cold storage treatment. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, spot-applying it to the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. Spray ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. The spraying amounts of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution are 20% and 10% respectively. Spray the entire plant until it drips. Step 5: Maintain a daytime temperature of 15℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5℃ for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 60%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds, leaving fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm. Stop irrigation 48 hours before spraying to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water and contaminating it. Measure the heavy metal content monthly, focusing on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

[0023] Example 4:

[0024] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: a method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early cultivation of peach trees includes the following specific cultivation methods: Step 1: Select high-quality yellow peach seedlings. In August, the temperature should be kept below 4℃. The cumulative dormancy time should reach 43 days. Spray 5% seaweed extract at the tip of the new shoots to promote bud activation. The peach seedlings should be planted with a potting mix consisting of river sand, topsoil, and well-rotted cow manure in a ratio of 1:1:1. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce the daytime temperature by 3℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling when the temperature drops below 10℃ at night, and continue for 33 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. The day-cover-night-uncover method can increase the effective cooling accumulation by 40%. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 18 days. The cost is only 1 / 5 of that of cold storage treatment. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, dot it on the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. Spray ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. The amount of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution sprayed are 20% and 10% respectively. Spray the whole tree until it drips. Step 5: Maintain a daytime temperature of 15℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5℃ for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 64%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds, leaving fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm. Stop irrigation 48 hours before spraying to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water. Measure the heavy metal content monthly, focusing on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

[0025] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees, characterized by: The specific cultivation methods include the following: Step 1: Select high-quality peach seedlings. In August, maintain a low temperature environment below 4℃ and accumulate a dormancy period of 40-50 days. Spray the tips of new shoots with 5% seaweed extract to promote bud activation. Step 2: Remove the leaves in mid-August and control watering to forcibly stop growth. After removing the leaves, spray with a 5% humic acid solution to enhance stress resistance. In early September, set up a 50% shade net to reduce daytime temperature by 3-5℃. Step 3: Adopt the day-cover-night-uncover method: During the day, cover the greenhouse with insulation blankets and straw curtains to block the temperature rise, and uncover the greenhouse film at night to utilize the natural low temperature. Start ventilation and cooling at night when the temperature drops below 10℃, and continue for 30 to 40 days to meet the cooling requirements. At the same time, spray 3% potassium nitrate solution at night to enhance the low temperature response. Step 4: In late October, lay a 20cm thick layer of crushed ice and cover it with straw to maintain a low temperature environment in the root zone for 15-20 days. Spray the supernatant of calcium cyanamide, dot it on the fruiting branches and buds, avoiding the bark of the main trunk. Spray ammonium nitrate solution 7 days after the calcium cyanamide. Spray the whole plant until it drips. Step 5: Maintain daytime temperature for 3 days after spraying. On the 3rd day after the temperature rises, spray a mixture of 50ppm gibberellin and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From the 4th day onwards, gradually increase the temperature and maintain a relative humidity of 60-70%. After 8 days, completely remove the shading facilities and use pulse irrigation. When 80% of the bud scales have cracked, thin out the buds and retain fruiting branches with a spacing of 15cm.

2. The method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, covering the area during the day and uncovering it at night can increase the effective cooling capacity accumulation by 40%.

3. The method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cost of step four is only 1 / 5 of that of cold storage processing.

4. The method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, maintain a daytime temperature of 15-18℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5-8℃ for three days after spraying.

5. A method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the spraying amounts of calcium cyanamide supernatant and ammonium nitrate solution are 20% calcium cyanamide supernatant and 10% ammonium nitrate solution, respectively.

6. A method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps one, three, four, and five, irrigation should be stopped 48 hours before spraying to prevent the pesticide from seeping into the soil with the water and contaminating it. The heavy metal content should be measured monthly, with a focus on monitoring arsenic and lead levels.

7. The method for artificially breaking dormancy and promoting early forcing cultivation of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peach seedlings are made of potting soil, which consists of river sand, topsoil, and well-rotted cow manure in a ratio of 1:1:1.

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